Genetics 2- DNAJesse and Kara

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DNA forms chromosomes and chromosomes occur in pairs within the human body

Virtual Lab DNA extractionIn the lab: DNA extraction from strawberries

OutcomesWhat will you be learning and doing:

What is DNA? What is a Gene?

What are genetic traits and how are they passed on

The genetic traits game-True or False

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• DNA stands for Deoxyribonucleic acid • It is a long, twisted molecule which is located

within the nucleus of any plant or animal cell (with the exception of red blood cells)

• The long stranded molecule is composed of a sugar backbone with branching arms called bases

• When un-twisted, DNA looks a bit like a ladder with the sugar forming the two sides and bases forming the rungs

• A gene is composed of a sequence of bases which encode for many different proteins and traits

What is DNA? What is a Gene?

• In order for DNA to fit into the nucleus of the cell, it must be packaged into structures known as chromosomes

• If DNA of the cell wasn’t packaged in this way, the DNA strands would extend up to 5 or 6 feet

• Every human cell contains 46 chromosomes of DNA: these chromosomes consist of of 22 pairs of autosomal chromosomes (which are numbered 1-22) and a pair of sex chromosomes with:

• Females having an XX pair• Males have an XY chromosome pair

DNA is packaged into chromosomes

http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/begin/traits/karyotype/

Virtual DNA Extractionhttp://www.learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/lab/extraction

DNA Extraction from Strawberrieshttp://www.murdoch.edu.au/Biotech-out-of-the-box/_document/Kit-Handout-Sheets/DNA-extraction-from-strawberries.pdf

• Genetic traits are physical characteristics brought about by the expression of a gene or many genes, examples include things like eye colour and hair colour. Variations in these traits are dependant on the alleles passed from a offsprings parents.

• Alleles are alternative forms of a gene which arise from mutations and are found at the same place on a chromososme

What are Genetic Traits?

EXAMPLE OF TRAIT• Eye colour• Hair colour• Tongue rolling• Cancer

• Windows Peak• Handedness (left vs right)• Down Syndrome

• Detached earlobes• Hitch-hikers thumb

• True• True• True• False- while there is a genetic

risk, also have to have environmental component

• True• False- you can learn to an

extent• False- caused by extra

chromosome• True• True

ANSWER

Is it a trait?Is the following a trait – true or false?

Thanks YouAny Questions?