general psych final

8/13/2019 General Psych Final

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Sarah Rice

General Psychology

Final Exam/ Fall 2011Dr. Tracy Masiello

December 14 2011

1! "n #he cha$#er on sensa#ion an% $erce$#ion &e %isc'sse% #he (ac# #ha# #here are

o$#ical ill'sions &hich &e ex$erience e)ery %ay. *o' &ere as+e% #o no#ice some

ill'sions #ha# yo' $ersonally ex$erience%. ,ha# are some exam$les o( #hoseill'sions- ase% on &ha# yo' learne% abo'# sensing an% $ercei)ing s#im'li &ha#

$rocesses acco'n# (or yo'r $erce$#ion o( #hose ill'sions- e s$eci(ic regar%ing #he

(ac#ors #ha# ca'se yo'r $erce$#ion o( #hem.

" no#ice a lo# o( ill'sions &i#h regar%s #o my sense o( sigh#. ")e been blesse% &i#h grea#

)ision my en#ire li(e. ,hen " &al+ in#o a %ar+ room i# al&ays seems li+e #he room is

ge##ing brigh#er as my eyes a%'s#. This is no# necessarily #he case. ,hen &e en#er a %ar+

room o'r $'$ils o$en '$ #o allo& as m'ch ligh# in as $ossible. s o'r eyes becomeacc's#ome% #o #he %ar+ i# a$$ears #he room has go##en brigh#er. This is %ar+ an% ligh#

a%a$#a#ion. The ro%s an% cones &i#hin #he h'man eye &or+ #oge#her in si#'a#ions &here)ery li##le ligh# is a)ailable. 'man eyesigh# is %e(ini#ely ama3ing. ,e learne% in lec#'re

#ha# on a clear nigh# #he ligh# o( a can%le can be seen (rom 0 miles a&ay. ,hen &e loo+

a# an obec# ligh# bo'nces o(( o( #he obec#. The re(lec#e% ligh# (orms an image on #here#ina. The image #hen genera#es signals in rece$#ors #ha# #ra)el along ner)e (ibers #o #he

brain. The brain #hen says 5ey #heres ligh# o)er #here.6 ll #his ha$$ens in momen#s

#ha# seem ins#an#aneo's. ,hen i# comes #o $erce$#ion signals are $rocesse% by #he brain

an% &e $ercei)e #he ligh# #ha# &e say in #he &ay #ha# &e &an# #o see i#.

2! 7all #hree $eo$le an% #ell #hem some#hing #ha# goes com$le#ely agains# common+no&le%ge. Tell #he (irs# $erson #ha# #his is some#hing yo' 's# hear% some&here8%on# gi)e a so'rce! an% as+ #heir o$inion abo'# i#. Tell #he secon% $erson yo'

hear% i# in a ne&s re$or# an% as+ #heir o$inion abo'# i#. Tell #he #hir% $erson #ha#

yo' hear% i# in se)eral ne& re$or#s an% as+ #heir o$inions abo'# i#.

Prior #o ma+ing #he calls $re%ic# &ha# #heir res$onses &ill be. Then a(#er ma+ing #he

calls ans&er #he (ollo&ing 9'es#ions:

"m going #o #ell #hem #ha# " hear% #ha# she)ille Mall is le##ing $eo$le #a+e #heir %ogs

&i#h #hem #o #he mall no&.

ri##any:She is a little naive. She will probably say really and say something like,

Wow, thats awesome. I can take Jazzie (her dog shopping with me all the time.!

c#'al: 5Serio'sly-; "m #a+ing


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In the net line( I chunked 0 numbers together to memori+e &11',2334,&405.

*hat made the group a lot easier to remember. In the last line( I also used

chunking in the same way that we learn telephone number 626,771,0501. Its

familiar so that makes it easier to remember. It is much easier to store

information in your short,term memory if you can break it down in a way that

allows you to encode the information and store it for a brief period of time.

4! ?n a $iece o( $a$er &ri#e #he (ollo&ing a((irma#ion message an% %is$lay i# in a

$rominen# $lace &here yo' &ill see i# se)eral #imes a %ay.

5" am in charge o( my o&n li(e. " can reg'la#e #he amo'n# o( s#ress " ex$erience.6

(#er #&o %ays ans&er #he (ollo&ing 9'es#ions:

Did you feel more in control of things? Did viewing the affirmation affect yourstress level in any way? Why or why not? "e sure to discuss your results using

what youve learned about health( stress( coping( and the principles of

motivation.

I did feel more in control of things after reading this affirmation so many times.

I felt more relaed and confidant( which I think is pretty awesome. I felt less

stressed and had this sense of relief where I could say to myself( Ive got this and

everything is going to be fine. I really like feeling that way. I know that it is a

very good( healthy practice to give yourself a -pep talk/ sometimes. It can help

you mange your stress levels. 8educing stress levels can help a persons blood

pressure and reduce the chances of disease causing agents taking over your

body. If I am relaed and I feel in control of my situation( my potential will sky

rocket. If I epect to accomplish great things( I can accomplish them.

! Thin+ abo'# #he class ac#i)i#y #ha# &e %i% regar%ing o&ar% Gar%ners #heory o(

m'l#i$le in#elligences. ,ha# #y$e o( in#elligence &as yo'r s#ronges#- ,hich &as

yo'r &ea+es#- Rela#e #hese in#elligences #o ac#'al #es#s yo' ha)e #a+en in #he $as#.

,ere yo'r #es# res'l#s consis#en# &i#h #he in#elligences #ha# &ere yo'r s#ronges# or&ea+es#- "( so gi)e an exam$le. "( no# ex$lain &ha# migh# acco'n# (or #he

%iscre$ancy be#&een yo'r #y$e o( in#elligence an% yo'r $er(ormance 'sing

in(orma#ion #ha# yo' ha)e learne% abo'# cogni#ion an% in#elligence.

My s#ronges# #y$e o( in#elligence &as ling'is#ic an% my &ea+es# &as logical

ma#hema#ical. " %o #hin+ #hese res'l#s are $re##y acc'ra#e &i#h all #he #es#s ")e #a+eno)er #he years. " al&ays seem #o %o really &ell in #he English/>ang'age/Rea%ing $ar#s

o( my #es#s. " &asn# horrible a# ma#h " 's# %i%n# %o as &ell in ma#h as " %i% #he

English $ar#s. " recen#ly #oo+ #he TES #es#. " %i% really &ell on all o( #he >ang'age


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S+ills. The Ma#h S+ills $ar# &asn# #ha# %i((ic'l# i# 's# %oesn# come #o me as (as# as

#he English $ar#.

B! Thin+ abo'# an e)en# %'ring &hich yo' &ere a(rai% or )ery angry. Describe i#

brie(ly in yo'r res$onse b'# as yo' %o so #hin+ abo'# #he en#ire ex$erience in

%e#ail. Then ans&er #he (ollo&ing 9'es#ions:

Is your mood different now than it was before you started thinking about the

event? If so( how? "ased on what youve learned about emotion( eplain why

thinking about a past emotional eperience can influence our emotions in the

present.

I was really pissed the other day in Anatomy. I went to the restroom and to

make a phone call. It was break time and I was gone for about &3 minutes. When

I came back( this horrible girl named %essica had moved all of my stuff out of my

seat and to the back counter. In the process( shed thrown a few of my things onthe floor and hadnt bothered to pick them up. It was evident that I was

irritated. !he had decided that she was going to teach everybody about the

bones. I 9ust ignored her. I certainly dont want someone who admitted that they

failed Anatomy I three times to teach me anything as it is evident she is dumb

and rude to begin with. )ooooo, that did make me kind o& mad. I can act'ally &eel

my cheeks t'rn a little bit read. She really made me mad. *n emotion is a

psychological state that involves s'b+ective eperience, a physiological response,

and a behavioral or epressive response. I know that I was really mad in *natomy.

I tho'ght Jessica was r'de and inappropriate. She never sorry &or moving my st'&&

and she +'st didnt seem to 'nderstand that I was mad. -motions, especially anger

or &ear, can leave 's with the ability to recreate those moments beca'se they were a

bit tra'matic. -motions are so linked to o'r physical sel&, and it is impossible to

think o& a time when yo' were angry or sad and not eperience some sort o&

physical &eelings (increase blood press're, sweating, crying. Someone who has

been m'gged might be a&raid to work down a certain street. hat same woman will

have a &lood o& emotions when she walks down that street. She will relive that

&eeling thro'gh her emotions.

A! Disc'ss #he #y$e o( con%i#ioning #ha# 5>i##le lber#6 recei)e%. What effects( if

any( can conditioning have on ones personality? What are some modern day

eamples of conditioning that we eperience on a regular basis?

Watson was able to create a classically conditioned fear response in -)ittle Albert/

who was initially a calm baby who seemed to be bothered by very little. Watson took

things the baby was not afraid of :rabbits( white rats( and dogs; and accompanied

these animals with loud sounds. onditioning

can make a person afraid of things they might have otherwise not been afraid of had


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they been eposed to things separately. If you epect one thing thats good to

accompany something really unpleasant( you will probably forgo the goof to avoid

the bad. We are classically conditioned in advertising every day. We are bombarded

with advertisements claiming how great a certain product is and at first we dont

really think we need it. "ut( if you continually see this product( hear about this

product( or see others using this product( we begin to believe we cant live withoutthe product.

! Thin+ o( an ins#ance &hen yo' con(orme% #o social $ress're 8e.g. &earing bl'e

eans &hen e)eryone else is &earing %ress slac+s or a s+ir#!. What was it aboutthe situation that made you feel the need to conform? Have the pressures

placed on you by your own socio,cultural group( or everyday peer group(

ever come into conflict with the values and pressures of the nited !tates at

large? If so( how and what did you do? If not( how do you think you would

react in that situation?

I used to really hate skinny pants@straight leg pants :I still think they look stupid

on a lot of guys;. =ver the past few years( they are becoming more and more

popular. I finally broke down and bought a pair. *hey look okay with flat shoes

and a long sweater. However( I sometimes look at myself and think/WHBCCC/

I actually broke down and bought them because everyone has them and they

were one sale. I think that peer group pressure surrounds everyone. Its hard to

avoid that pressure unless you can stay away from it for etended periods of

time. *his is very difficult when you go to school :where everyone wears skinny

pants; or to work and find others doing the very thing you wanted to avoid. I

think theres also a trend in the nited !tates towards worrying about offending

people. or eample( about 15 of the population of the ! is religious. )ast

time I checked( thats a ma9ority. Eow( I understand not wanting to offend

people( but I think that sometimes ma9ority rules. *he ! is so worried about

offending someone( they are forgetting about their faith. I think thats really

messed up. A Fuarter of the population shouldnt be determining the beliefs of

the other 7 Fuarters. Ill give in about my pants( but I dont want to give up on

my faith.

C! gree or %isagree &i#h #he (ollo&ing s#a#emen# an% s'$$or# yo'r ans&er: 5"# is no#

$ossible #o cons#r'c# a c'l#'re(ree in#elligence #es#.6 Are there culture,free or

culture fair intelligence tests? What types of cultural influences or biases

affect peoples performance on intelligence test? Does cultural influence only

refer to the kinds of information to which people are eposed( or does it also

refer to culturally,influenced motivation to perform well on tests or to ad9ust

to the test,taking situation?

It is impossible to create a culture,free intelligence eam. !o many factors come

into consideration when creating an intelligence eam. It is difficult to include


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Fuestions that are geared towards every culture across the world. Geople think(

live( speak( and learn completely different based on where they live. !omeone

from $adrid is not going to be able to take the same kind of intelligence test as

someone from Eorth >arolina. Geople are eposed to different things depending

on where they grow up. $any factors have to be considered when creating an

intelligence test :language( recreational activities( religion( social activities( civilholidays( education( culture;. In many Asian countries( motivation plays a strong

role in how well students do on their tests. *here is a strong desire for students

to achieve for the good of the community( not 9ust themselves.

&3 ; Discuss the difference between night terrors and nightmares. "e sure to

include description to each disorder and discuss them in relation to the 5 stages

of sleep.

A nightmare is an aniety dream that may be frightening or unpleasant. A

nightmare usually occurs during 8


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general psych final

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