general observation period (gop) susanne crewell & gop partner meteorologisches institut...
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General Observation Period (GOP)General Observation Period (GOP)
Susanne Crewell & GOP Partner Susanne Crewell & GOP Partner Meteorologisches Institut Meteorologisches Institut
Ludwig-Maximillians-Universität (LMU) MünchenLudwig-Maximillians-Universität (LMU) München
GOP Characteristics General Observation Period from January to December 2007
Comprehensive data set suitable for testing hypotheses and new modeling techniques developed within the QPF-Program.
The GOP encompasses COPS both in time and space - to provide information of all kinds of precipitation types and- to relate the COPS results to a broader perspective (longer time series and larger spatial domain)
GOP Observations
Optimized exploitation of existing instrumentation
- routine measurements normally not available to the scientific community - continuous/coordinated operation of existing instrumentations
suitable for statistical evaluation Focus on measurements which are available in near real-time
Rigorous quality control, cross-checking and error estimation
Easy access to data, quicklooks and analysis
Close connection with COPS activities
no funding for instrument development or upgrade
near-realtime analysis + first-order model evaluation
WG "Precipitation Process" & data management
Personnel funding for observations only when instruments are moved to other locations
Provision of coordinatedobservations and modeloutput to SPP projects(VERIPREC, STAMPF, DAQUA, QUEST,...
GOP Precipitation Observations
High resolution surface precipitation (rain gauges)DWD, various water authorities, environmental agencies and urban networks
3-D hydrometeor distribution (weather radar)-16 C-band DWD radars- polarimetric research radars: POLDIRAD, DLR; DWD Observatory Hohenpeissenberg- C-Band radar Karlsruhe; X-Band radars Bonn & HH- operational radars in neighboring countries
Rain drop size distribution (RDSD)- network of vertical pointing Micro Rain Radar (MRR)- in situ disdrometer
Joint objective of COPS WG3 & GOPInvestgation of the differences of the RDSDs over flat terrain including maritime conditions on one hand and over orographically structured terrain on the other hand
LE
GOP Organisation
WP-GOP-1 Rain gauges
WP-GOP-2 Weather Radar
WP-GOP-3 Drop Size Distribution DSD
WP-GOP-4 Lidar (aerosol, cloud base, mixing layer height) WP-GOP-5 GPS water vapour column WP-GOP-6 Lightning networks WP-GOP-7 Satellite observations (cloud properties, water vapor, aerosol) WP-GOP-8 Meteorological stations WP-GOP-9 Management
GOP & COPS
MRR transsect will be coordinated with POLDIRAD RHI scans during COPS
GOP
to provide information of all kinds of precipitation types
to identify systematic model deficits
to select case studies for specific problems
to relate the COPS results to a broader perspective (longer time series and larger spatial domain)
GOP Network Observations Integrated Water Vapor (GPS)
about 180 stations within Germanyabout add. 40 in neighboring countriesprocess more french stationsset-up of 5 stations in COPS area for 6 monthsto get a better estimation in the structured terrain
Cloud and aerosol vertical information (Lidar networks) - lidar ceilometer observations from institutes & DWD
> 100 in Germany- coordinated (regular scheduled) EARLINET (Hamburg, Leipzig, Munich, Garmisch, Cabauw, Neuchatel..) with a high quality standard to derive statistical aerosol properties
Lightning detection systems- Conventional lightning detection system (BLIDS)- VHF network in Northern Germany - VLF LINET system in Southern G.
July & August 2004
IWV [kg m-2]
cloud base height [m]
GOP Satellites (FUB + Nowcasting SAF)
a) spatially highly resolved products (250-300 m, polar orbiters) b) temporal evolution from Meteosat Second Generation (every 15 min.)
Instrument Technical Products Information
SEVIRI / Meteosat-8
x~5 km over Europe, x~3 km nadir, whole disc every 15min.
TCI, CM, clear sky BT, Int. water vapor (IWV), cloud top pressure (CTP)
~3.3 K clear sky, ~0.7 g m-2 (day, land)~52 (high-), 121 hPa (low-level clouds)
MODIS / TERRA & AQUA
overpass Europe ~10:30 am, and ~1 pm; resolution at nadir 0.3 - 1 km
TCI, CM, optical depth, liquid water path (LWP), effective radius (reff), IWV, geo.,
cloud depth
4,5: ocean and warm bound. layer clouds clear sky land surfaces and above clouds, ~0.24 g m-2
MERIS / Envisat
overpass ~10 :30 local, resolution at nadir 0.25 - 1 km
TCI, CM, optical depth, CTP, IWV
~183 m (single low-level) clear sky, ocean, land and above clouds
AMSU / NOAA
more than 4 overpasses
microwave BT, rain rate
high res. rain rates throug combination with IR
CPR / CLOUDSAT
Scheduled launch: autumn 2005
radar reflectivity profiles , LWC/IWC
combination with Calipso
Near real-time Radar and Satellite
Statistical evaluation of water vapour, cloud and precipitation structure
extraction of station output (rain gauges, MRR, GPS, ..) togetherwith model output and online visualization
diurnal cycle on a monthly basis of all parameters time series at station and maps
convective/frontal
cell tracking
vertical structure (hydrometeor distribution)
regional characteristics
sub-grid properties
The Near Real Time (NRT) processing for the GOP and COPS area. The information at FU Berlin is online with a delay of 2 hours (flight mission planning; near real time assimilation,....
GOP Stations
Location Institute Short information
Bonn Meteorologisches Institut precipitation (radar), clouds, radiation +met
Frankfurt Institut für Atmosphäre und Umwelt Taunus Observatory
Geesthacht GKSS Research Center clouds and water vapor
Garmisch FZ Karlsruhe IFU aerosol, clouds and meteorology
Hamburg University and MPI water vapor, clouds, precipitation and meteorology
Hannover Institut f Met. und Klimaforschung clouds and meteorology
Jülich Forschungszentrum soil moisture
Kiel Institut für Meereskunde clouds and basic meteorology
Karlsruhe FZ Karlsruhe IMK precipitation (radar), wind and meteorology
Leipzig IfT und Universität aerosol and water vapor
Lindenberg DWD Observatory PBL, radiation, clouds, wind (very complete)
München Meteorologisches Institut und DLR aerosol, water vapor and clouds
Zugspitze Schneefernerhaus und Zugspitzgipfel aerosol, water vapor, clouds and snow
all Meteorological & Geographical Institutes, Research organisations & NP to contact!
GOP Preparation Establishment of the data base
- coordination with DWD and data owners- coordination with COPS campaign data
how to set-up and how to get funding
Quality control of the observations- rain gauge estimates (UniBonn)- radar and satellite observations (QUEST)- joint effort of data owners
Tailoring model output to data available from GOP - definition of model domain, horizontal resolution, boundary conditions...- focus on Lokal-Modell-kürzestfrist (LMK)
- preparation of special model output (integration into NUMEX)→ time series in model time step resolution at selected stations→ selected 3D-fields at asynoptic times for satellite/radar comparisons
- online visualization of statistical properties from model and observations (diurnal cycle, PDFs,..)
• long-term evaluation
• identification of case studies
MAP Forecast Demonstration Project
GOP fundingStaffin PM
Staffin k€
Cons.in k€
Travelin k€
Otherin k€
Staffin PM
Staffin k€
Cons.In k€
Travelin k€
Otherin k€
PI: Fischer
Satellites (WP7) 2,0 5,0 4,0 5,0
PI: Sussmann
FTIR, GPS
Garmisch (WP8) 3,0 2,0 3,0
FTIR, GPSZugspitze (WP8) 1,0 2,0 3,0
PI: Bumke
Disdrom. (WP3) 2,0 2,0 1,0 2,0Met. Station, ceilometer (WP8)
PI: Crewell
LINET 2,0 2,0 2,0 3,0
EARLINET (WP4) 12,0 2,0 12,0
MWR, Zug (WP8) 4,0 3,0 2,0Organis. (WP9) 2,0 3,0 2,0 18,0 20,0
PI: GendtGPS (WP5) 6,0 2,0 2,0 0,5
PI: Simmer
X-b radar (WP2) 4,0 2,0 12,0MRR, disdr., ceil., stat. (WP8) 4,0 4,0
PI: Mayer
Hartheim (WP8) 1,0 2,0 1,0 8,0Tuttlingen (WP8) 1,0 2,0 1,0 6,5
PI: Peters
MRR net (WP3) 5,0 5,0 15,0 10,0
X-b radar (WP2) 5,0 5,0
PI: HaufLightening network (WP6) 2,0 2,0 2,0 3,0
Total 56,0 0,0 36,0 10,0 2,0 31,0 0,0 91,5 12,0 0,5
Total
= ca. 328 k€ = ca. 259 k€
Internal DFG
56 PM + 48 k€ 31 PM + 104 k€
Example Station Bonn
Instrument Description Status
Lidar Ceilometer CT25K backscatter profile, cloud base height operational
Microwave radiometer MICCY liquid water path, temperature and humidity profile
operational
Infrared Radiometer KT19.85 cloud base temperature operational
Micro Rain Radar (MRR) profile of drop size distribution operational
X-Band Radar radar reflectivity and radial velocity operational
Scintillometer "Scintec BLS900" sensible heat flux operational
Rain gauge rain rate (5 min average) operational
Meteorological weather station T, rh, p, wind, rad. operational
Radiative flux measurements planned
Cloud camera planned
Flux (profile) station to be installed
Soil moisture to be installed
Microwave radiometers
MICCY
Conrad
MARSS
WVRA
IRE
TROWARA
Drakkar
HATPRO
MTP
Atmospheric Emission
liquid water pathLWP=250 gm-2
Temperature profileWater vapor profile
ν /GHz 31 90
ΔTb 90° 9 50 Scattering!
Downwelling radiationzenith pointing
Czekala, H., A. Thiele, S. Crewell, and C. Simmer, 2001: Discrimination of cloud and rain liquid water path by
groundbased polarized microwave radiometry. Geophysical Research Letters, 28, 267-270
Humidity and Atmospheric Profiler (HATPRO)
Radialblower
Rain sensor
GPS
Rose, T., S. Crewell, U. Löhnert and C. Simmer, 2005: A network suitable microwave radiometer for operational monitoring of the cloudy atmosphere, Atmos. Res. , 75(3), 183-200
Design based on BBC results
suitable for LWP & IWV as well as humidity & (boundary layer)temperature profile
rain sensor, GPS, clock
environmental humidity, pressure and temperature
Time series example
Boundary layer Profiling RMS between RS & HATPRO
lower than 1 K below 1 km lower inversion strength of is well detected 6 angle retrieval performs much better than 5
1.4 km
N=48
Bias RMS
Dry season in Benin
Comparison withradiosonde and tower (dots)300 K
290 K
90 & 150 GHz Dual Polarization Radiometer
external elevation scanning to avoid polarization mixing
Breaks due to cranes in field of viewwill be operated on UFS Schneefernerhaus starting next week!
improved LWP radiative transfer studies snow crystals
MIcrowave radiometer for
Cloud CarthographY
Crewell, S., H. Czekala, U. Löhnert, C. Simmer, Th. Rose, R. Zimmermann, und R. Zimmermann, Microwave Radiometer for Cloud Carthography: A 22-channel ground-based microwave radiometer for atmospheric research.Radio Science, 36, 621-638, 2001.
3 GHz FMCW radar-30 dBzmin~3 m range resolution
MIcrowave radiometer forCloud CarthographY
high spatial (1°) & temporal (1s)resolution observations
azimuth and elevation scanning
integrated water vapour (IWV)and cloud liquid water path (LWP)
temperature and humidity profile
combination with cloud radar and lidar
2 successive 30 deg azimuth scan
Vertical Hydrometeor Distributioncombination of different instruments (radar, lidar, microwave radiometer, radiosonde)
Cabauw, 9. Mai 2003drizzle
5 9
Instrument
Δt / s ΔΘ /° ΔLWP /gm-2
WVRA 30 s 4.6-5.5 29
DRAKKAR 1 s 11-13.3 23
MICCY 1 s 0.4-0.9 15
Looking at cloud variability:LWP time series
offset