general industry safety and health standard part 2 ... · scope: applies to all general industry...

GENERAL INDUSTRY SAFETY AND HEALTH STANDARDPART 2. WALKING‐WORKING SURFACES

P R E S E N T E D B Y: J O H N B O D N A R , S R . O S C / C E T

Who Will it Affect?

Scope: Applies to all general industry workplaces and all walking‐working surfaces unless

specifically excluded.

Adoption: OSHA C.F.R. (code of federal regulation) 1910 Subpart D ‐

“Walking‐Working Surfaces,” as amended November 18, 2016

Why the New Rules?

Slips, Trips, and Falls are a leading cause of fatality and injury in General Industry.

It’s estimated it may prevent 29 fatalities and as many as 5,842 injuries annually, nationwide.

Potential net benefit may be up to $309.5 million dollars per year.

Slips, trips, and falls account for 15 percent of all accidental deaths. Causing more fatalities than any other cause, second only to motor vehicle accidents.

MIOSHA Part 2 Walking‐Working Surfaces

Michigan ‐ Adopts Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) 1910 Sub Part D

1910.21 – Scope, Adoption, Definitions 1910.26 – Dockboards

1910.22 – General Requirements 1910.27 – Scaffolds and Rope Descent Systems

1910.23 – Ladders 1910.28 – Duty to Have Fall Protection

1910.24 – Step Bolts and Manhole Steps 1910.29 – Fall Protection Systems Criteria and Practices

1910.25 – Stairways 1910.30 – Training Requirements

1910.21 Scope and Definitions

‐ New standard consolidates definitions into one section

‐ Deletes multiple definitions and adds new definitions intended to

provide clarity (some of the key/major changes follow)

Key Definitions to Know

Authorized: Means an employee who the employer assigns to perform a specific type of duty, or

allows in a specific location or area.

Qualified: Describes a person who, by possession of a recognized degree, certificate, or

professional standing, or who by extensive knowledge, training, and experience has

successfully demonstrated the ability to solve or resolve problems relating to the

subject matter, the work, or the project.

New and Key Definitions to Know

Guardrail System: Means a barrier erected along an unprotected or exposed side, edge, or other

area of a walking‐working surface to prevent employees from falling to a

lower level.


Personal Fall Protection System: Means a system (including all components) an employer uses

to provide protection from falling or to safely arrest an

employee’s fall if one occurs. Examples of fall protection

systems include personal fall arrest systems, positioning

systems, and travel restraint systems.


Personal Fall Arrest System: Means a system used to arrest an employee in a fall

from a walking‐working surface. It consists of a body

harness, anchorage, and connector. The means of

connection may include a lanyard, deceleration device,

lifeline, or a suitable combination of these.

Walking‐Working Surface: Means any horizontal or vertical surface on or through which an

employee walks, works, or gains access to a work area or workplace

location.

1910.22 General Requirements for all WWS

Housekeeping:

‐ All places of employment, passageways, storerooms, service rooms, and walking‐working

surfaces are kept in a clean, orderly, and sanitary condition.

‐Maintained in a clean and dry condition, where wet processes are used, drainage and dry

standing places provide using false floors, platforms and mats must be provided.

‐Maintained free of hazards such as sharp or protruding objects, loose boards, corrosion,

leaks, spills, snow and ice.

1910.22 General Requirements / Housekeeping

1910.22 General Requirements

Inspection, maintenance, and repair:

‐Walking‐working surfaces are inspected regularly.

‐ Any condition must be repaired before employees are permitted to use walking‐working

surface, or it shall be guarded to prevent use until hazard is corrected.

‐ Any correction or repair involving the structural integrity of the walking‐working surface,

a qualified personmust perform or supervise the correction or repair.

1910.23 – Key Requirements for ALL Ladders

Application: The employer must ensure that each ladder used meets the requirements of this

section. This ladder covers all ladders except;

(1) Used in emergency operations such as firefighting, and tactical law enforcement operations,

or training of such.

(2) Designed into or is an integral

part of machines or equipment.


‐ Rungs, steps, and cleats:

‐Must be parallel, level, and uniform, and

‐ Rungs, steps, and cleats are not less than 10 inches or more than 14 inches measured

between the centerline.

‐ Ladders:

‐ Corrosion‐resistant material or protected against corrosion.

‐ Free of laceration and puncture hazards.

‐ Used only for the purpose for which they were designed.


‐ Ladders are inspected before each

initial use in each work shift, and

more frequently as necessary, to

identify any visible defects that

could cause employee injury;


‐ Any ladder with structural or other

defects in immediately tagged

“Dangerous: Do Not Use” or with

similar language, and removed from

service until repaired or replaced.

1910.23 – Key Elements Portable Ladders

‐ Are not loaded beyond the maximum intended load;

‐ Not moved, shifted, or extended while and employee is on it;

‐ Not be placed in locations such as passageways, doorways, or driveways when they can

be displaced by other activities or traffic.

1910.23 – Key Elements Fixed Ladders

‐ Are capable of supporting their maximum intended load;

‐ Side rails of through or sidestep ladders extend 42 inches above the top of the landing.

‐ For side‐step ladders, the side rails, rungs, and steps must be continuous in the extension.

(e) Mobile ladder stands and mobile ladder stand platforms (additional provisions: please

attend MTI Full day training session or contact your MIOSHA CET Representative for

assistance)

1910.23 – Key Elements Fixed Ladders

1910.24 – Key Elements Step Bolts

‐ Installed before January 17, 2017 is capable of

supporting its maximum intended load;

‐ Installed on or after January 17, 2017 must support

four times its maximum intended load;

‐ Each step bolt is inspected at the start of the work

shift and maintained.

1910.25 – Key Elements Stairways

Application. This section covers all stairways (including standard, spiral, ship, and alternating

tread‐type stairs), except for stairs serving floating roof tanks, stairs on scaffolds,

stairs designed into machines or equipment, and stairs on self‐propelled

motorized equipment.


‐ Stairs shall have uniform riser heights and tread depths between landings.

‐ Can support at least five times the normal anticipated live load, but never less

than concentrated load of 1,000 pounds applied at any point.

‐ Spiral, Ship, or alternating tread‐type stairs may only be used when the employer can

demonstrate that it is not feasible to provide standard stairs.


Standard Stairs.

‐ Have a maximum riser height of 9.5 inches

‐ Have a minimum tread depth of 9.5 inches

Exception: Stairs installed prior to January 17, 2017 that met the previous standard(s)

will be deemed in compliance.

1910.25 Stairways

Minimum Tread Width 22 inches

Minimum Tread Depth 9.5 inches

Minimum riser height 9.5 inches

1910.26 – Key Elements Dockboards

‐Measures such as wheel chocks or sand shoes, are used to prevent transport vehicle

(e.g. a truck, semitrailer, trailer, or rail car) on which a dockboard is placed, from

moving while employees are on dockboard; and

‐ Portable dockboards are equipped with handholds or

other means to permit safe handling of dockboards.

Note: This is not the same as choking for accessing trailers with Powered Industrial Trucks

1910.27 – Key Elements Scaffolds and Rope Descent Systems

GENERAL INDUSTRY SCAFFOLDS SHALL MEET THE REQUIREMENTS IN CONSTRUCTION STANDARD CFR PART 1926, SUBPART L (SCAFFOLDS)

1910.27 ‐ Key Elements Rope Descent Systems

Anchorages.

‐ The building owner must inform the employer, in writing that the building owner has

identified, tested, certified, and maintained each anchorage and it’s capable of

supporting at least 5,000 pounds, in any direction, for each employee attached.

‐ The employer must ensure that no employee uses an anchorage before the employer

has obtained written information from the building owner.

Rope Descent System

1910.28 – Key Elements Duty to Have Fall Protection andFalling Object Protection

General.

‐ This section requires employers to provide protection for each employee exposed to fall

and falling object hazards.

Note: All fall protection and falling object protection must also meet the requirements outlined in 1910.29.

1910.28 ‐ Key Elements Duty to Have Fall Protection andFalling Object Protection

Protection from Fall Hazards.

‐ Employees exposed to unprotected sides of walking‐working surfaces 4 feet or greater are

protected by a guardrail system, safety net system, personal fall arrest system, travel

restraint or positioning system.


Holes.

‐ Each hole (including skylights) that is 4 feet or more above a

lower level shall be protected by one or more of the following:

‐ Covers

‐ Guardrail Systems

‐ Travel Restraint Systems

‐ Personal Fall Arrest Systems


‐ Stairway floor holes are protected by a fixed guardrail system on all exposed sides,

except at the entrance.

‐ Ladder‐way floor holes shall be protected by a guardrail system and toeboards on all sides,

except the entrance to the hole, where a self closing gate or offset must be used.

‐ Hatchway and chutes shall be guarded to protect employees from falling into the hole.


Dangerous equipment.

‐ Dangerous equipment less than 4 feet above dangerous equipment shall be protected by a

guardrail system or a travel restraint unless the equipment is covered with a guard.

‐ Dangerous equipment greater than 4 feet above equipment must be protected by one of

the following:

‐ Guardrail System

‐ Safety Net System

‐ Travel Restraint System

‐ Personal Fall Arrest System


Repair Pits, Service Pits, and Assembly Pits less than 10 Feet in Depth.

The use of a fall protection system is not required for a repair pit, service pit, or assembly

pit that is less than 10 feet deep, provided the employer:

‐ Limits access within 6 feet of the edge to only trained and authorized employees.

‐ Applies floor markings at least 6 feet from the edge of the pit in colors that contrast with

the surrounding area, or place a warning line with stanchions not subject to tipping.

‐ Posts readily visible caution signs that meet standard requirements and state

“Caution‐Open Pit”.


Fixed Ladders(extending more than 24 feet above lower level).

‐ Existing fixed ladders installed before November 19, 2018 shall be equipped with a personal

fall arrest system, ladders safety system, cage or well.

‐ New fixed ladders installed after November 19, 2018 shall be equipped with a fall arrest

system or a ladder safety system.

‐ Final deadline installed after November 18, 2036, all fixed ladders shall be equipped

with a personal fall arrest system or ladder safety system. Cages and

wells will not be permitted.


Stairways.

‐ Stairway landings with open sides greater than 4 feet shall be guarded.

‐ Stairways having at least 3 treads and 4 risers shall be equipped with a stair rail system or handrails.

Protection from falling objects.‐ Toeboards, screens, or guardrail systems shall be used to prevent objects from falling to lower level

‐ Canopies, and (3) Barricades may be used in certain conditions

1910.29 – Key Elements Fall Protection Systems and Falling Object Protection – Criteria and Practices

General requirements.

‐ Provide and install fall protection systems and falling object protection before employees

begin work.

Guardrail systems.

‐ Top rail, or guard rail equivalent must be 42 inches, plus or minus 3 inches.

‐Midrails, screens, mesh, intermediate rails or equivalent must be at least 21 inches or

installed midway between the top rail and working surface.


Safety net systems.

‐ Safety net system must meet the requirements of 29 CFR 1926 subpart M.

Designated areas.

‐ Employees stay within the designated areas during work operations, and

‐ The perimeter of the designated area is delineated with a warning line.


Handrails and stair rail systems.

‐ Handrails are not less than 30 inches and not more than 38 inches measured from the

edge of the stair tread to the top of the handrail.

Height of stair rail systems installed before January 17, 2017 is not less than 30

inches from the leading edge of the stair tread to the top of the rail, and for those

installed after January 17, 2017 the top of the rail is not less than 42 inches.

‐ Finger clearance between a handrail and any other object is at least 2.25 inches.

‐ Surfaces of handrails and stair rails shall be smooth‐surfaced to protect from hand injuries, to

include punctures, and lacerations, or snagging of clothing.


Openings ‐ in stair rails shall not exceed 19 inches at its least dimension.

Handholds ‐ shall have the shape dimension so it can be firmly grasped.

Projection Hazard – hand rail end shall not present projection hazards.

Strength – The top of the stair rail must withstand a force of 200 pounds.


Personal fall protection systems.

Body belts, harnesses, and other components used in personal fall arrest systems, work

positioning systems, and travel restraint systems must meet the requirements of 1910.140

for performance, care, and use of personal fall protection systems.


Protection from falling objects.

‐ Are erected along the exposed edge of a walking‐working surface at a height to protect

employee below.

‐ Have a minimum height if 3.5 inches

‐ The opening above the walking‐working surface shall be no greater than ¼ of an inch

‐ Have a minimum height if 2.5 inches when used around vehicle service pits.


Grab Handles.

‐ Are at a minimum 12 inches long

‐ Are mounted to provide at least 3 inches of hand clearance

‐ Are capable of withstanding two times the intended load, or a 200 pound horizontal pull

force, which ever is greater.

1910.30 – Key Elements Training Requirements

Fall Hazards.

‐ Before expose to fall hazards, employees must be provided training for use of

personal fall protection systems.

‐ The training must be provided by a qualified person.

Special Note: Training, documentation of training, and trainer selection is paramount to

compliance and employee protection, the employer should ensure those who

provide training meet the requirements as a “Qualified Person”.


Train each employee in at least the following topics:

‐ The nature of the fall hazards and how to recognize them.

‐ Procedures to protect from fall hazards.

‐ Procedures for installing, inspecting, operating, maintaining, and disassembling fall

protection systems.

‐ Correct use of personal fall protection systems including hook‐up, anchoring,

and tie‐off techniques, as well as inspection and storage, specified by manufactures.


Equipment hazards.

‐ Train each employee in the proper care, inspection, storage, and use of equipment before

May 17, 2017, or before those employees use equipment.

‐ Train employees who uses dockboards, in the proper use, anchorage, and prevention of

movement.

‐ Trained in the proper rigging and use of rope descent systems.

‐ Trained in the proper set up and use of designated areas.


Retraining.

Retraining is provided when the employer believes the employee does not have understanding

or skill as required by these rules. And;

‐ Changes in the workplace

‐ Changes in the equipment used.

‐ Observed inadequacies in employee performance

Training must be provided in a manner the employee understands.

General Industry Safety and Health StandardPart 2 Walking‐Working Surfaces

Thank You

For additional Assistance:

MIOSHA ‐ Consultation Education and Training Division

517‐284‐7720

www.michigan.gov/miosha

general industry safety and health standard part 2 ... · scope: applies to all general industry...

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