general anatomy by chaman lal karotia
DESCRIPTION
General AnatomyTRANSCRIPT
-
By: Dr Chaman LalBSPT, PPDPT, Dip.In.Sports Inj, MPPS(Pak), Post-Graduation in Clinical Neurophysiology (Aga Khan University Hospital), Registered EEG.T(USA),Member of ABRET, AANEM & ASET(USA)General AnatomyIntroduction to Medical Terminology
General Anatomy Introduction By CK
-
Study OutlinesBrief History of Anatomy & Anatomists Anatomy definitionBranches of AnatomyBody Type-SomatotypeAnatomical Body PositionPlanes of Motion Anatomical Directional TermsAnatomy MovementReferences05-11-2014*General Anatomy Introduction By CK
General Anatomy Introduction By CK
-
HISTORY OF ANATOMY
HIPPOCRATES(460-377BC)
Greek physicianFather of MedicineHis name is memorialized in the Hippocratic oathHumoral theory : Four body humors -Blood -Phlegum -Yellow bile -Black bile Attributed diseases to natural causes . 05-11-2014*General Anatomy Introduction By CK
General Anatomy Introduction By CK
-
HEROPHILUS (about 325BC)
Father of AnatomyPerformed: -Vivi-sections (dissections of living humans) and dissections of human cadaversRegarded Brain As Seat Of IntelligenceDescribed Cerebrum, Cerebellum, Fourth VentricleFirst to identify nerves as sensory or motor.
05-11-2014*General Anatomy Introduction By CK
General Anatomy Introduction By CK
-
SIXTEENTH CENTURYVESALIUS(1514- 1654)
His work De humani corporis fabrica written in 7 volumes His work revolutionized the teaching of anatomy and ruled for two centuriesHe has not attached his name to the parts of body he described unlike anatomists Sylvius, Fallopius, Eustachius.Father of Modern AnatomyReformer of Anatomy05-11-2014*General Anatomy Introduction By CK
General Anatomy Introduction By CK
-
05-11-2014*General Anatomy Introduction By CKDefinition: The scientific study of structure and the relationships among structures is called Anatomy
General Anatomy Introduction By CK
-
SUBDIVISIONS OF ANATOMY
Branches of Anatomy
Gross/ Cadaveric AnatomyMicroscopic Anatomy (Histology)Developmental Anatomy (Embryology)Living AnatomyClinical Anatomy (Applied)NeuroanatomySurface (Topographic) AnatomyRadiographic AnatomyComparative AnatomySectional Anatomy05-11-2014*General Anatomy Introduction By CK
General Anatomy Introduction By CK
-
Gross AnatomyDefinition:That which can be seen with the naked eyeKinds/Types:Regional: Body studied by areaSystematic:Body studied by system05-11-2014*General Anatomy Introduction By CK
General Anatomy Introduction By CK
-
GROSS ANATOMYREGIONAL ANATOMY - Head and neck- Brain -Thorax- Abdomen - Upper Limb - Lower limb
SYSTEMIC ANATOMY - Integumentary system - Skeletal system - Muscular system - Nervous system - Cardiovascular system - Lymphatic system - Endocrine system - Digestive system, Respiratory system, Urogenital system
05-11-2014*General Anatomy Introduction By CK
General Anatomy Introduction By CK
-
Microscopic AnatomyDefinition:That which can be seen with the assisted eyeKinds/Types:Cytology: The study of cellsHistology:The study of tissuesOrganology:The study of organs05-11-2014*General Anatomy Introduction By CK
General Anatomy Introduction By CK
-
Developmental AnatomyDefinition:The study of anatomical changes in a life cycleKinds/Types:Embryology: The study of prenatal developmentPostnatal development:The study of structures after birthOntogeny:Total development of an individual05-11-2014*General Anatomy Introduction By CK
General Anatomy Introduction By CK
-
Comparative AnatomyDefinition:Comparison of structures between organismsKinds/Types::Vertebrate: Comparison of structures among the vertebrate classesPhylogeny:The study of phyla, and their relationships
05-11-2014*General Anatomy Introduction By CK
General Anatomy Introduction By CK
-
SomatotypesEctomorphSmall Bone Lean BodyMesomorphMuscular PhysiqueEndomorphRound soft body
05-11-2014*General Anatomy Introduction By CK
General Anatomy Introduction By CK
-
Positions of the Body
There are four basic positions of the body ;a)Anatomical Positionb)Supine Positionc)Prone Position d)Lithotomy Position 05-11-2014General Anatomy Introduction By CK*
General Anatomy Introduction By CK
-
a).Anatomical PositionThe anatomical position is a standardized method of observing or imaging the body that allows precise and consistent anatomical references.
Standing UprightFacing The Observer, Head LevelEyes Facing ForwardFeet Flat On The FloorArms At The SidesPalms turned forward (ventral)
05-11-2014*General Anatomy Introduction By CK
General Anatomy Introduction By CK
-
Anatomical PositionDefinition:In this position, the body is erect, the eyes look straight to the front, the upper limbs hang bye the side of the trunk with the palms directed forwards, and the lower limbs are parallel with the toes pointing forwards. 05-11-2014General Anatomy Introduction By CK*
General Anatomy Introduction By CK
-
b).Supine PositionIf the body is lying face up, it is in the supine position.05-11-2014*General Anatomy Introduction By CK
General Anatomy Introduction By CK
-
b).Prone PositionIf the body is lying face down, it is in the prone position.
05-11-2014General Anatomy Introduction By CK*
General Anatomy Introduction By CK
-
Lying supine with buttocks at the edge of the table, the hips and knees fully flexed and the feet strapped in position.05-11-2014General Anatomy Introduction By CK*d).Lithotomy Position
General Anatomy Introduction By CK
-
Planes of Motion
Sagittal PlaneFrontal PlaneTransverse Plane
General Anatomy Introduction By CK
-
Example of how planes would cut the brain05-11-2014*General Anatomy Introduction By CK
General Anatomy Introduction By CK
-
05-11-2014General Anatomy Introduction By CK*
General Anatomy Introduction By CK
-
Body Planes05-11-2014*General Anatomy Introduction By CK
General Anatomy Introduction By CK
*
Body PlanesSagittal -- vertical plane that divides the body into RIGHT and LEFT parts
Frontal -- vertical plane that divides the body into ANTERIOR and POSTERIOR parts
Transverse -- horizontal planes that divides the body into TOP and BOTTOM parts
*
Cardinal or Mid PlanesDEFINITION -- if a plane passes through the body such that it divides it into equal mass halves
INTERSECTION -- the point at which the mid-sagittal, mid-frontal, and mid-transverse planes intersect is the CENTER OF MASS
-
Sagittal PlaneDivides the body into left and rightPasses from front to back05-11-2014*General Anatomy Introduction By CK
General Anatomy Introduction By CK
-
Frontal PlaneDivides the body into front and backPasses from side to side05-11-2014*General Anatomy Introduction By CK
General Anatomy Introduction By CK
-
Transverse PlaneDivides body into top and bottomPasses perpendicular to the long axis of the body05-11-2014*General Anatomy Introduction By CK
General Anatomy Introduction By CK
-
Anatomical Direction
General Anatomy Introduction By CK
-
Directional Terms Used in Describing AnatomySUPERIOR Directed upwards or towards the headINFERIOR Directed downwards or towards the feetANTERIOR Directed towards the front of the bodyPOSTERIOR Directed towards the back of the body05-11-2014*General Anatomy Introduction By CK
General Anatomy Introduction By CK
-
05-11-2014*General Anatomy Introduction By CK
General Anatomy Introduction By CK
-
Anatomical DirectionSuperior
Inferior
Anterior
PosteriorHigher than another structureLower than another StructureIn front of another structureBehind another structure05-11-2014*General Anatomy Introduction By CK
General Anatomy Introduction By CK
-
Anatomical DirectionMedial
Lateral
Proximal
Distal
Closer to the long axis of the bodyFarther from the long axis of the bodyStructure closer to the beginning of the extremityStructure farther from the beginning of the extremity05-11-2014*General Anatomy Introduction By CK
General Anatomy Introduction By CK
-
Anatomical DirectionSuperficialDeepNearer to the surfaceFarther from the surface05-11-2014*General Anatomy Introduction By CK
General Anatomy Introduction By CK
-
Anatomical Movement
General Anatomy Introduction By CK
-
MovementFlexion
Extension
Abduction
Adduction
Decrease in the angle of a jointIncrease in the angle of a jointMovement away from the midline of the bodyMovement toward the midline of the body05-11-2014*General Anatomy Introduction By CK
General Anatomy Introduction By CK
-
MovementDorsiflexion
Plantar Flexion
Inversion
EversionFlexion of the foot at the ankleExtension of the foot at the ankleSole of the foot turned inwardSole of the foot turned outward05-11-2014*General Anatomy Introduction By CK
General Anatomy Introduction By CK
-
MovementSupination
Pronation
Rotation
CircumductionPalms upward
Palms downward
Pivot motion about the long axis of the body
Combination of Abduction,Adduction and Rotation05-11-2014*General Anatomy Introduction By CK
General Anatomy Introduction By CK
-
MCQsQ. During flexion of the arm, the arm moves:
a) Upwards b) Downwards c) Medial d) Lateral
05-11-2014*General Anatomy Introduction By CK
General Anatomy Introduction By CK
-
Success doesnt lie in the Results but in the EffortsBeing the best is NOT so importantDoing the best is all that Matters! *