Gender Issue on NRM in IndonesiaChristine WulandariAsia Focal Point of CSAG – ITTO

ITTC 46 in Yokohama, 14 December 2010

Gender Perspectives in Community Forestry Programs

• Little specific literature on gender has been funded specific to Indonesia

• According to Becky Elmhirst (2000) in Indonesia,as also in other SE Asian countries: gender resource use and control is blurred. Different as the case of Africa and South Asia where the role of women and men in natural resource management is quite clear segregated.

• In current forestry programs in Indonesia, men role is dominated • Specific issue:

Community Forestry Program (HKm) in West Nusa Tenggara there is segregating role which agreed by men and women (wife and husband) • women more towards non forest areas/ farming activities • men to community forestry activities such as land clearing and planting

Gender Perspectives in Community Forestry Programs

• Another example: effect of the forest programs which are not sensitive to gender (gender bias), effects of choosing certain species by men i.e. Ecaliptus sp which are famous on

absorbing water will burden the women in finding water for their family, etc (KMAN, 1999)

• There is a need to legislate policy that is sensitive to Gender issue on CF in Indonesia. Current policy did not mention gave special attention to women (significant roles on planting up to marketing of NTFP).

• The attention only for Local Community (men and women) as forest beneficiaries. There is a need to bring the gender understanding to the forestry policy.

Source:“Community Participation in Forest Resource Management in Indonesia: Policies, Practices, Constraints and Opportunities” by Yanti Kusumanto and Martua T. SiraitSoutheast Asia Policy Research Working Paper, No. 28

Patrilineal System and Gender Issue in Indonesia

Patrilineal system is major in Indonesia therefore the newly emerging customary land tenure institutions, by allowing for inheritance consistent with comparative advantage and work effort, seem to have built-in incentives for men and women (son and daughter). – Gender inequality also in access to education particularly among the poor

and in rural areas

The institutional framework for gender mainstreaming need to be strengthened in Indonesia Minister of Women Empowerment

programs on social aspects of women e.g. trafficking and not

reaching to NRM aspects Advisor on Community Empowerment in MoF

programs on empowerment of CF’ institution and community

individually but not aimed to gender sensitivity yet

Source:• Land,Trees,and Women: Evolution of Land Tenure Institutions in Western Ghana and Sumatra (2001). By Agnes R.Quisumbing Keijiro Otsuka with

S.Suyanto J.B.Aidoo E.Payongayong. RESEARCH REPORT 121 INTERNATIONAL FOOD POLICY RESEARCH INSTITUTE WASHINGTON, D.C.

Thank you