the national hiv response of indonesia: gender and human rights review

8/2/2019 The National HIV Response of Indonesia: Gender and Human Rights Review

1/57

R`m Derjgdeh @JS \m~{gd~m

gc Jdbgdm~je6

Amdbm| edb @}oed \ja`r~\msjmq

]DJCMO Me~r edb ^g}r`me~r E~je \majgdeh Gccjnm

]D L}jhbjda =r` Chgg| \efbeodm|d Dgi Esmd}m

Ledaigi 5;


2/57

Mpmn}rjsm ^}ooe|z

R`m jdrm|enrjgd lmrqmmd amdbm| `}oed |ja`r~ edb @JS ned lm ~mmd jd r`m mp{m|jmdnm~ gc {mg{hm hjsjda qjr` @JS

edb r`g~m og~r er |j~i gc @JS jdcmnrjgd ~}n` e~ jdfmnrjda b|}a }~m|~ ~mp qg|im|~ qe|je edb omd q`g èsm ~mp

qjr` omd$ Jd Jdbgdm~je e~ jd og~r E~jed ng}dr|jm~ r`m ~rer}~ gc qgomd jd ~gnjmrz j~ hgqm| r ed omd~9 ~rjaoe

e|g}db @JS ngo{g}db~ r`m eljhjrz gc qgomd hjsjda qjr` @JS edb qgomd q`g e|m eogda r`m r`g~m og~r er |j~irg ~mmi e{{|g{|jerm ~m|sjnm~ jd e dgd/f}bamomdreh mdsj|gdomdr$

R`m jdrm|enrjgd lmrqmmd n}hr}|eh |mhjajg}~ edb hmaeh sjmq~ ned ne}~m jdn|me~mb amdbm| jdmu}jrz q`md |}hm~ e|m

jdr|gb}nmb cg| r`m {|grmnrjgd gc qgomd ~gomrjom~ |m~r|jnr r`mj| |ja r~ c}|r`m|$ Cg| mpeo{hm Ledred~ n}|cmq gd

qgomd mccmnrjsmhz n|jojdehj~m~ qgomd q`g e|m g}r~jbm r`m `gom ecrm| 5;{o |er`m| rèd {|grmnr r`mo c|go

{mg{hm q`g qg}hb ~mmi rg è|o r`mo$ R`m Ojdj~r|z gc @}oed \ja`r~ j~ |m~{gd~jlhm |msjmqjda ehh hgneh edb

{|gsjdnjeh heq~ rg md~}|m rèr r`mz ngdcg|o rg derjgdeh hmaj~herjgd l}r r`j~ j~ ed mdg|og}~ re~i$

@JS edb |mhermb ~m|sjnm~ heni e `ghj~rjn e{{|gen` {g~~jlhm gc e amdm|ehhz de||gq edb nhjdjneh }dbm|~redbjda gc

@JS edb jr~ jo{enr~$ R`j~ è~ rqg jo{g|redr ngd~mu}mdnm~$ Cj|~rhz r`m|m j~ e heni gc o}hrj/~mnrg|eh |m~{gd~m e~

men` ~mnrg| è~ dgr c}hhz mol|enmb e @JS oejd~r|meojda e{{|gen`$ Ehh gc r`m ~reim`ghbm|~ bg dgr zmr |mngadjvm

r`mj| |ghm~ jd jo{enrjda lgr` {g~jrjsmhz edb dmaerjsmhz jd r`m ng}dr|z~ @JS |m~{gd~m$ R`j~ ned lm ~mmd jd r`m

ngdr|ebjnrjgd lmrqmmd {ghjnjm~ rèr {|gogrm è|o |mb}nrjgd ~m|sjnm~ cg| jdfmnrjda b|}a }~m|~ q`jhm hmaj~herjgd

~jo}hredmg}~hz n|jojdehjvm~ b|}a }~m|~$ ^mngdbhz r`m nhjdjneh @JS |m~{gd~m (j$m$ bmhjsm|mb r`|g}a` `g~{jreh~ edb

`mehr` ~m|sjnm~* è~ dgr reimd e oejd~r|meojda e{{|gen` rg mjr`m| `}oed |ja`r~ g| amdbm|$ @mehr` qg|im|~ ned

heni r|ejdjda edb mp{m|jmdnm jd |m~{gdbjda jo{e|rjehhz edb qjr` jd/bm{r` ngd~jbm|erjgd rg {mg{hm hjsjda qjr` @JS

edb {mg{hm q`g e|m og~r er |j~i gc @JS jdcmnrjgd$

Qgomd~ bmnj~jgd oeijda {gqm| e|g}db ~mp}eh `mehr` |moejd~ hgq edb j~ eccmnrmb lz r`mj| mngdgojn edb ~gnjeh

bm{mdbmdnm gd omd edb r`mj| ceojhjm~$ Omd e|m eh~g eccmnrmb lz amdbm| mp{mnrerjgd~ e~ msjbmdnmb lz r`mj|

mpr|momhz hgq {e|rjnj{erjgd jd |m{|gb}nrjsm `mehr` ~m|sjnm~$ R`mz rgg e|m eccmnrmb lz ~rjaoe ~}||g}dbjda ~mp}eh

`mehr` edb @JS$ Qjr`jd Jdbgdm~je hgneh n}~rgo~ edb {|enrjnm~ ~}n` e~ r`m ne~rm ~z~rmo eogda @jdb}~ jd Lehj

eh~g jo{enr gd lgr` qgomd~ edb omd~ ngdcjbmdnm jd bj~nhg~jda r`mj| @JS ~rer}~ rg men` gr`m| edb {e|rjn}he|hz

rg r`mj| mprmdbmb ceojhjm~$ R`m cme| gc |mfmnrjgd enr~ e~ e ~r|gda bj~jdnmdrjsm rg imm{ r`mj| ~rer}~ ~mn|mr$

Cmoehm ~mp qg|im|~ edb cmoehm jdfmnrjda b|}a }~m|~ e|m {e|rjn}he|hz s}hdm|elhm rg ~mp}eh mp{hgjrerjgd edb el}~m$

Qjr`jd r`m oefg| |m~{gd~m~ rg r`m~m rqg imz {g{}herjgd~ r`m Derjgdeh EJB^ Ngooj~~jgd (DEN* edb njsjh ~gnjmrz

`ja`hja`r ~gom imz gsm|~ja`r~6 cmoehm jdfmnrjda b|}a }~m|~ edb oehm ~mp qg|im|~ qm|m }drjh sm|z |mnmdrhz

gojrrmb c|go {|ga|eoom jdbjnerg|~ edb r`m|mcg|m dgr re|amrmb qjr` jdcg|oerjgd g| ~m|sjnm~$ Zmr ~mp qg|im|~

edb jdfmnrjda b|}a }~m|~ ngdrjd}m rg lm n|jojdehj~mb |m~}hrjda jd {}lhjn `mehr` {|ga|eoom~ cjdbjda~ r`mo~mhsm~ er

gbb~ qjr` r`m f}~rjnm ~z~rmo$ Oehm nhjmdr~ gc ~mp qg|im|~ e|m eh~g }dbm|/re|amrmb$ Jd amdm|eh gdhz qe|je e|m r`m

~}lfmnr gc |m~{gd~m~ |er`m| rèd ehh omd q`g èsm ~mp qjr` omd$ Qe|je cenm e |edam gc bj~n|jojderjgd

{e|rjn}he|hz r`m cenr rèr r`mz e|m nermag|j~mb e~ omdrehhz jhh |er`m| rèd r`mj| amdbm| |mngadj~mb gccjnjehhz$ R`m

n|jojdehj~erjgd gc b|}a }~m|~ ned lm ~mmd jd r`m msjbmdnm rèr 1;- gc r`m {|j~gd {g{}herjgd e|m |moedbmb gd

b|}a }~m gccmdnm~$ @e|o |mb}nrjgd {|ga|eoom~ èsm lmmd jdr|gb}nmb jd ~gom {|j~gd~ l}r E\S edb SNR ennm~~

j~ ojdjoeh rg dgd/mpj~rmdr$ Oja|edr qg|im|~ èsm cmq {|ga|eoom~ ejomb er r`mo edb r`mj| s}hdm|eljhjrz rg @JS

jdcmnrjgd è~ èb hjrrhm errmdrjgd rg berm$

Er derjgdeh hmsmh r`m agsm|domdr è~ |erjcjmb e d}olm| gc jdrm|derjgdeh ngoojromdr~ edb r|ed~hermb ~gom jdrg

derjgdeh enr~$ ^gom jdrm|derjgdeh ngoojromdr~ edb ~redbe|b~ èsm lmmd cg}db rg lm eolja}g}~ qjr` r`m

{grmdrjeh rg n|merm ngdchjnrjda {ghjnz e|me~ edb jd`jljr r`m bmsmhg{omdr gc e ngo{|m`md~jsm |m~{gd~m rg @JS$

DEN edb njsjh ~gnjmrz ~`gqmb e `ja` bma|mm gc hjrm|enz elg}r n}||mdr derjgdeh hmaj~herjgd edb {|gsjbmb r`g|g}a`

n|jrju}m~ `gq derjgdeh heq edb {ghjnz bgm~ dgr c}hcjh `}oed edb amdbm| |ja`r~$ E {e|r nèhhmdam j~ r`m mo{è~j~

gc amdbm| edb |ja`r~ jd e |edam gc dmq {ghjnjm~ e~ glfmnrjsm~ |er`m| rèd lmjda oejd~r|meomb r`|g}a`g}r$

@gqmsm| rg berm r`m|m è~ lmmd jo{g|redr dmq hmaj~herjgd jdr|gb}nmb ~}n` e~ r`m Bgom~rjn Sjghmdnm Enr q`jn`

qe~ bmsmhg{mb jd e o}hrj/~mnrg|eh e{{|gen` e~ njsjh ~gnjmrz qg|imb qjr` |mhmsedr ojdj~r|jm~ rg oeim nèdam~ jd

lgr` heq edb {|enrjnm$ Ehr`g}a` njsjh ~gnjmrz mp{|m~~mb jo{erjmdnm qjr` r`m ~hgqdm~~ gc r`m f}~rjnm ~z~rmo rg

c}hhz jdng|{g|erm dmq errjr}bm~ edb jr~ ngdrjd}mb s}hdm|eljhjrz rg ng||}{rjgd r`m|m e|m jdbjsjb}eh mpeo{hm~ gc

q`m|m hgneh hmaj~herjsm e}rgdgoz è~ c}hhz jdng|{g|ermb r`m dmq hmaj~herjgd$


4/57

2

DEN ~mmo~ bmrm|ojdmb rg jo{hmomdr e c}hhm| amdbm| edb |ja`r~ e{{|gen`$ Msjbmdnm gc r`j~ j~ eh|mebz ~mmd jd r`m

r|ed~cg|oerjgd gc r`m qg|ijda a|g}{ gd qgomd jdrg r`m qg|ijda a|g}{ gd amdbm| edb `}oed |ja`r~$ R`j~

|msjmq oeim~ mja`r |mngoomdberjgd rg DEN rg ~}{{g|r jr~ b|jsm cg| amdbm| edb |ja`r~ e{{|gen`m~ qjr`jd r`m

g|aedj~erjgd edb og|m qjbmhz$

5$ Bmsmhg{ {|ga|eooerjn a}jbmhjdm~ cg| jdrm|derjgdeh bgdg|~6 DEN~ ~{`m|m gc jdch}mdnm jdnh}bm~ r`m oedzoefg| jdrm|derjgdeh bgdg|~ q`jn` ehh èsm amdbm| {ghjnjm~ r`mo~mhsm~$ @gqmsm| dgr ehh r`m bgdg|~{|gsjbm |m~g}|nm~ cg| ne{enjrz l}jhbjda gd amdbm| edb |ja`r~ cg| r`mj| Jdbgdm~jed {e|rdm|~$ DEN neddgr

(edb bgm~ dgr qedr rg* bjnrerm glfmnrjsm~ rg bgdg|~ l}r jr ned {|gsjbm a}jbmhjdm~ cg| bgdg|~ q`jn`

~r|gdahz |mngoomdb rèr amdbm| edb |ja`r~ oejd~r|meojda ne{enjrz ~}{{g|r j~ jdnh}bmb jd {|ga|eoom~

edb ogdjrg|jda jdbjnerg|~$

$ [|gogrm amdbm| mu}ehjrz6 DEN j~ jd ed jdch}mdrjeh {g~jrjgd eogda agsm|domdr edb njsjh ~gnjmrz rgmd~}|m rèr r`m amdbm| eamdbe eogda @JS enrg|~ j~ {|jg|jrj~mb qjr` r`m ejo gc mo{gqm|jda qgomd edb

ebsednjda r`mj| ~rer}~ jd ~gnjmrz$

2$ Dmagrjerm qjr` jdrm|derjgdeh eamdnjm~ cg| rmn`djneh jd{}r6 DEN ned lmdmcjr c|go jr~ jdrm|derjgdeh{e|rdm|~ gd ed gdagjda le~j~ lz ~r|ermajnehhz ebsgnerjda cg| rmn`djneh jd{}r cg| jr~mhc jdnh}bjda ombj}o

rg hgda rm|o ~recc {henmomdr~ q`jn` cenjhjrerm ne{enjrz l}jhbjda qjr`jd r`m g|aedj~erjgd edb idgqhmbam

mpnèdam lmrqmmd DEN edb jr~ {e|rdm|~$

=$ L}jhb nghhelg|erjsm |mherjgd~`j{~ qjr` edb lmrqmmd njsjh ~gnjmrz g|aedj~erjgd~6 DEN ng}hb c}|r`m| l}jhbnghhelg|erjsm |mherjgd~`j{~ qjr` DAG~ edb ~jojhe|hz mdng}|eam {|gsjdnjeh edb bj~r|jnr hmsmh EJB^

ngooj~~jgd~ rg reim e og|m {e|rdm|~`j{ {m|~{mnrjsm qjr` njsjh ~gnjmrz$ DEN ned eh~g cenjhjrerm

nghhelg|erjsm qg|ijda lmrqmmddgd/agsm|domdreh g|aedj~erjgd~$ Jdn|me~mb nghhelg|erjgd ng}hb {|gsjbm

g{{g|r}djrjm~ cg| og|m `ghj~rjn |m~{gd~m~ rg lm bmsmhg{mb edb cg| fgjdr ebsgnenz jdjrjerjsm~ rg nèhhmdam

edb }{berm derjgdeh {ghjnz edb hmaj~herjgd en|g~~ agsm|domdr ojdj~r|jm~$

3$ Bmsmhg{ {|enrjneh rggh~6 DEN dmmb~ rg bmsmhg{ jr~ gqd ojdjo}o ~redbe|b~ edb rggh~ rg a}jbm ~recc jdr`m jo{hmomdrerjgd gc amdbm| edb |ja`r~ ~md~jrjsm e{{|gen`m~ e{{hjnelhm rg ~recc er derjgdeh {|gsjdnjeh

edb bj~r|jnr hmsmh~$

1$ [|gogrm ngdnm{r}eh }dbm|~redbjda~ gc @JS amdbm| edb |ja`r~6 E~ e {ghjnz g|aedj~erjgd DEN ned l|jdar`m og|m ngo{hmp @JS amdbm| edb |ja`r~ j~~}m~ rg `ja`m| {|gojdmdnm lz {}lhj~`jda l|jmcjda g|

bj~n}~~jgd {e{m|~ (lz jr~ gqd ~recc njsjh ~gnjmrz g|aedj~erjgd~ gr`m| agsm|domdr bm{e|romdr~ edb

|m~me|n` jd~rjr}rjgd~* gd e |ma}he| le~j~ rg jdn|me~m }dbm|~redbjda lmzgdb r`m nhjdjneh e{{|gen`m~$

0$ Jdn|me~m ~r|ermajn ebsgnenz qjr` ojdj~r|jm~ edb njsjh ~gnjmrz rg {|gogrm amdbm| edb |ja`r~ ~md~jrjsm @JS|m~{gd~m~6 DEN ned jdn|me~m }dbm|~redbjda gc @JS en|g~~ agsm|domdr lz jdjrjerjda ~jojhe| g| jdbjsjb}eh

nghhelg|erjsm {|gnm~~m~ qjr` ~mhmnrmb ojdj~r|jm~$ DEN ned eh~g qg|i qjr` mccmnrjsmhz qjr` njsjh ~gnjmrz

bj|mnrhz edb lz jdjrjerjda {|gnm~~m~ rg hjdi njsjh ~gnjmrz qjr` gr`m| agsm|domdr bm{e|romdr~$


5/57

=

Ngdrmdr~

Mpmn}rjsm }ooe|z $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ >En|gdzo~ # Ell|msjerjgd~ $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ 35$ Jdr|gb}nrjgd $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ 1$ R`m jo{enr~ gc `}oed |ja`r~ edb amdbm| jdmu}ehjrz $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ 55

>$5$ Qgomd$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ 55>$$ ^mp qg|im|~ $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ 5>>$2$ Omd q`g `esm ~mp qjr` omd $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ 52>$=$ Oja|edr qg|im|~ $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ 5=>$3$ [|j~gd {g{}herjgd $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ 5=>$1$ Jdfmnrjda b|}a }~m|~ $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ 53

2$ Hmaj~herjgd # {ghjnz $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ 502$5$ R`m jdrm|enrjgd lmrqmmd jdrm|derjgdeh edb derjgdeh {ghjnz $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ 502$>=$2$ Amdbm| jd {heddjda edb {|ga|eoojda $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ >2=$=$ Gl~renhm~ jd jo{hmomdrjda e amdbm| e{{|gen`$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ >2

3$ Ngdnh}~jgd~ $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ >=1$ \mngoomdberjgd~ cg| amdbm| edb }oed |ja`r~ oejd~r|meojda $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ >1

Eddmp 56 \msjmq gc r`m derjgdeh @JS edb EJB^ ~r|ermajn {hed (Eddmp =6 Bere c|go DEN amdbm| e}bjr gc derjgdeh edb {|gsjdnjeh EJB^ ngooj~~jgd~ $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ ==


6/57

3

En|gdzo ~ # Ell|msjer jgd~

EJB^ Enu}j|mb Joo}dgbmcjnjmdnz ^zdb|gom

NMBEQ Ngdsmdrjgd gd r`m Mhjojderjgd gc Ehh Cg|o~ gc Bj~n|jojderjgd Eaejd~r Qgomd

N^Q Ngooj~~jgd gd r`m ^rer}~ gc Qgomd

C@J Ceojhz @mehr` Jdrm|derjgdeh

Ahgleh C}db R`m Ahgleh C}db rg Cja`r EJB^ R}lm|n}hg~j~ edb Oehe|je

@JS @}oed Joo}dgbmcjnjmdnz Sj|}~

JDAG Jdrm|derjgdeh dgd/agsm|domdreh g|aedj~erjgd

J[[J Jdbgdm~jed [g~jrjsm Qgomd!~ Dmrqg|i

FGR@J Jdbgdm~jed Dmrqg|i gc [mg{hm Hjsjda qjr` @JS edb EJB^

DEN Derjgdeh EJB^ Ngooj~~jgd (Igoj~j [mdedaa}hedaed EJB^ De~jgdeh*

I[J Jdbgdm~jed Qgomd~ Ngehjrjgd

DAG Dgd/agsm|domdreh g|aedj~erjgd

[L@J Jdbgdm~jed E~~gnjerjgd gc Hmaeh Ejb edb @}oed \ja`r~

[ILJ/BIJ [m|i}o{}hed Imh}e|ae Lm|mdnede Jdbgdm~je

]D ]djrmb Derjgd~

]DEJB^ ]djrmb Derjgd~ Fgjdr [|ga|eoom gd @JS'EJB^

]DC[E ]djrmb Derjgd~ [g{}herjgd C}db

]DJNMC ]djrmb Derjgd~ C}db cg| N`jhb|md

]DJCMO ]djrmb Derjgd~ Bmsmhg{omdr C}db cg| Qgomd

SNR Sgh}dre|z ng}d~mhhjda edb rm~rjda

Q@G Qg|hb @mehr` G|aedj~erjgd


7/57

1

5$Jdr|gb}nr jgd5$5$ Lenia|g}db

Amdbm| e}bjr~ e~~m~~ q`mr`m| ed jd~rjr}rjgd~ g| g|aedjverjgd~ qg|i edb nghhelg|erjgd qjr` gr`m|~ ngdr|jl}rmrg amdbm| mu}ehjrz$ R`m e}bjr cgn}~m~ gd r`m ngdbjrjgd~ n|mermb rg en`jmsm amdbm| mu}ehjrz edb qgomd~mo{gqm|omdr r`m jdjrjerjsm~ jo{hmomdrmb rg en`jmsm r`m ageh~ {m|nm{rjgd~ gc r`g~m jdsghsmb edb|mngoomdberjgd~ cg| jo{|gsmomdr$

R|ed~cg|ojda r`m Derjgdeh EJB^ \m~{gd~m6 Amdbm| Mu}ehjrz( Qgomd~ \ja`r~ edb r`m R`|mm Gdm~]DJCMO


8/57

0

R`m omr`gbghgaz ngd~j~rmb gc rqg imz e{{|gen`m~6

5$ \msjmq gc imz {ghjnjm~ edb ~r|ermajm~ gd @JS (m$a$ Derjgdeh EJB^ Ngooj~~jgd


9/57

:


10/57

5;

cg| og~r er |j~i {g{}herjgd~ rg cg|o ~{mnjcjnehhz r`momb a|g}{~$ B|}a }~m| a|g}{~ gcrmd eccmnrmb lz @JS reim e

|ja`r~ e{{|gen` rg {|grmnr b|}a }~m|~ q`g |moejd he|amhz n|jojdehj~mb$ ^mp qg|im| a|g}{~ {|gogrm r`m |ja`r~ gc

cmoehm ~mp qg|im|~ edb r`mj| ennm~~ rg @JS edb ^RJ ~m|sjnm~$

E {errm|d rèr è~ reimd {henm jd gr`m| ng}dr|jm~ qjr` he|am neb|m~ gc DAG~ j~ rèr ecrm| ~jdahm j~~}m a|g}{~

èsm èb e nèdnm rg m~relhj~` r`mo~mhsm~ g{{g|r}djrjm~ {|m~mdr r`mo~mhsm~ cg| ~r|ermajn ngg|bjderjgd$ Gsm|

rjom DAG~ lmajd rg |mngadj~m r`mj| nghhmnrjsm ~r|mdar` edb ngom rgamr`m| qjr` hm~~ ~md~m gc ngo{mrjrjgd9 r`mzjdn|me~m r`mj| }dbm|~redbjda gc men` gr`m|~ {|jg|jrjm~ edb e|m elhm rg ~re|r md~}|jda rèr r`mj| gqd eamdbe~

~}{{g|r men` gr`m|$ R`|g}a` r`j~ {|gnm~~ DAG~ lmajd rg oejd~r|meo e qjbm |edam gc |mhmsedr edb |mhermb j~~}m~

gsm| rjom$ R`m ~eom ned lm r|}m cg| agsm|domdr bm{e|romdr~ ({e|rjn}he|hz jd |mherjgd rg bmsmhg{jda hmaj~herjgd*

edb ~m|sjnm {|gsjbm|~ q`g jdng|{g|erm dmq heq~ edb l}jhb jdn|me~jdahz ~g{`j~rjnermb |mcm||eh ~z~rmo~ edb fgjdr

jdjrjerjsm~$

R`m|m j~ msjbmdnm rèr r`m ~è|jda gc e{{|gen`m~ j~ eh|mebz reijda {henm cg| mpeo{hm r`m Derjgdeh EJB^

Ngooj~~jgd j~ {e|r gc r`m jdrm|/bm{e|romdr ngoojrrmm bmsmhg{jda r`m dmq hmaj~herjgd gd de|ngrjn~$ DEN~ dmqhz

n|mermb amdbm| edb |ja`r~ qg|ijda a|g}{ j~ hjimhz rg lm r`m cj|~r n|g~~/agsm|domdr edb DAG lgbz rèr è~ e

|mojr rg ngd~jbm| ehh r`|mm j~~}m~ rèr e|m r`m ~}lfmnr gc r`j~ |msjmq6 amdbm| `}oed |ja`r~ edb @JS$ R`m qg|ijda

a|g}{ bgm~ dgr èsm hmaj~herjsm g| mdcg|nmomdr {gqm|~ l}r jr è~ r`m {grmdrjeh rg |ej~m r`m ngd~njg}~dm~~ gc ehh

~reim`ghbm|~$ B}|jda r`m DAG ngd~}hrerjsm ommrjda rèr rggi {henm e~ {e|r gc r`j~ |msjmq r`m se|jg}~ dmrqg|i|m{|m~mdrerjsm~ ~mmomb `ja`hz eqe|m gc men` gr`m|~ ngdnm|d~$ ^msm|eh gc r`mo e|m {e|r gc r`m DEN qg|ijda

a|g}{ gd amdbm| edb |ja`r~$ Er {|gsjdnjeh hmsmh DAG~ èsm ~re|rmb dmrqg|ijda lmrqmmd imz g|aedj~erjgd~

qg|ijda gd @JS$ E~ omnèdj~o~ cg| DAG jdrmhhjamdnm ~è|jda ngdrjd}m rg bmsmhg{ og|m edb og|m DAG~ qjhh lm

elhm rg reim ebsedream gc men` gr`m|~ ne{enjrz edb omolm|~`j{ gc qg|ijda a|g}{~ edb dmrqg|i~$

Oedz c|}~r|erjgd~ |moejd cg| lgr` agsm|domdr bm{e|romdr~ edb njsjh ~gnjmrz$ Jdbgdm~je~ ngo{hmp edb he|am

~gnjmrz |m~}hr~ jd ngo{mrjda sjmq~ gd e{{|g{|jerm {ghjnz edb enrjgd$ L}r bjsm|~jrz eh~g {|m~mdr~ g{{g|r}djrjm~ cg|

hme|djda mpnèdam edb a|gqr`$ DEN r`m Ojdj~r|z gc Qgomd~ Mo{gqm|omdr edb r`m njsjh ~gnjmrz g|aedj~erjgd~

rèr rggi {e|r qm|m nedbjb elg}r r`m nèhhmdam~ rèr r`mz edb men` gr`m| cenm$ R`mz eh~g mp{|m~~mb }|amdnz rg

enr edb e bm~j|m rg ngg{m|erm rg c}|r`m| bmsmhg{ r`m @JS |m~{gd~m qjr`jd e c|eomqg|i gc amdbm| edb |ja`r~$


11/57

55

>$R`m jo{enr~ gc `}oed |ja`r ~ edb amdbm| jdmu}ehjrzR`j~ ~mnrjgd hggi~ er r`m jo{enr~ gc `}oed |ja`r~ edb amdbm| jdmu}ehjrz gd imz {g{}herjgd~ eccmnrmb lz @JS edb

EJB^$ Ehh e|m eccmnrmb lz amdbm| mp{mnrerjgd~ gd omd edb qgomd edb r`m hmaj~herjsm c|eomqg|i gc Jdbgdm~je$

Qgomd jd ehh nermag|jm~ gcrmd cenm ngo{hmp edb o}hrj{hm hezm|~ gc ~rjaoe edb bj~n|jojderjgd l}r omd e|m dgr

joo}dm edb cenm bjccm|mdr ijdb~ gc ngd~r|ejdr~ jd {e|rjn}he| r`mj| mp{mnrerjgd~ rg ngdcg|o rg ngdsmdrjgdeh oehm

~rm|mgrz{m~ edb e heni gc ennm~~ rg `mehr` ~m|sjnm~$

>$5$ QgomdN}hr}|eh errjr}bm~ rgqe|b~ omd~ edb qgomd~ |ghm~ rmdb rg lm |mchmnrmb jd edb |mjdcg|nmb lz amdbm|/lje~mb

hmaj~herjgd$ Cg| mpeo{hm r`m Oe||jeam Enr ~rerm~ rèr omd e|m r`m `meb gc r`m `g}~m`ghb edb ngd~mu}mdrhz

nmd~}~ ~`mmr~ cghhgq r`j~ {errm|d edb bg dgr |mngadj~m qgomd e~ r`m oejd jdngom me|dm|$ Bmnj~jgd oeijda

qjr`jd `g}~m`ghb~ ned lm bjsjbmb mu}ehhz lmrqmmd omd edb qgomd g| msmd hjm he|amhz jd r`m èdb~ gc qgomd

(m$a$ bmnj~jgd~ gd `g}~m`ghb mp{mdbjr}|m*$ @gqmsm| qgomd bg dgr ehqez~ èsm bmnj~jgd oeijda {gqm| gd

j~~}m~ rèr eccmnr r`mo6 jd {e|rjn}he| oe||jmb qgomd e|m gcrmd jd`jljrmb q`md jr ngom~ rg oeijda bmnj~jgd~

elg}r ~mp}eh {|enrjnm edb `mehr`$ R`m~m bmnj~jgd~ jdnh}bm6 ~rzhm rjom edb c|mu}mdnz gc èsjda ~mp$ \mhjajg}~bgnr|jdm~ edb r`m {m|nm{rjgd rèr }dbm| edz nj|n}o~rednm qjsm~ èsm r`m glhjaerjgd rg ~m|sm r`mj| `}~ledb~

glhjam~ oedz qgomd rg glmz r`mj| {e|rdm|~ qjr`g}r edz ~mhc/ngd~jbm|erjgd$55

R`m|m èsm lmmd jo{|gsmomdr~ jd r`m hmaj~herjgd q`jn` èsm r`m {grmdrjeh rg jo{|gsm r`m u}ehjrz gc hjcm cg|

qgomd cg| mpeo{hm jd r`m e|me gc |m{|gb}nrjsm |ja`r~ cg| q`jn` r`m|m j~ dgq e derjgdeh enrjgd {hed$ R`j~ j~ e

sm|z qmhngom bmsmhg{omdr$ Er r`m ~eom rjom r`m derjgdeh enrjgd {hed j~ qjr`jd r`m ngdrmpr gc ~gom gc r`m

ngd~m|serjsm sjmq~ ehh}bmb rg elgsm6 deomhz rèr ceojhz {heddjda ~m|sjnm~ e|m dgr esejhelhm cg| }doe||jmb qgomd

edb omd$ R`j~ jdnh}bm~ ~mp}eh edb |m{|gb}nrjsm `mehr` ~m|sjnm~ ~}n` e~ [E[5< ~ome|~ rg bmrmnr nmhh

eldg|oehjrjm~ |mhermb rg nm|sjneh nednm|$ Q`m|m qgomd e|m {|gsjbmb qjr` |m{|gb}nrjsm `mehr` ~m|sjnm~ r`m cgn}~

gc r`m |m~{gd~m j~ cej|hz de||gq edb heni~ e `ghj~rjn e{{|gen`6 cg| mpeo{hm |m{|gb}nrjsm `mehr` jdcg|oerjgd j~ dgr

enngo{edjmb lz mb}nerjgd elg}r |mngadj~jda |m~j~rjda edb bmehjda qjr` ~mp}eh è|e~~omdr g| sjghmdnm$ R`m|m

e|m oedz le||jm|~ rg qgomd~ ennm~~ rg ~m|sjnm~$ Jd r`m ne~m gc ~mp}eh edb |m{|gb}nrjsm `mehr` ~m|sjnm~ ~gnjehcme|~ ngdrjd}m~ rg {|msmdr qgomd c|go ~mmijda r mo l}r ebbjrjgdehhz r m|m e|m c}|r`m| le||jm|~6 oedz {mg{hm

oez dgr èsm jbmdrjrz ne|b~9 r`m ng~r~ e|m eh~g {|g`jljrjsm cg| oedz {mg{hm m~{mnjehhz qgomd q`g bg dgr èsm

ngdr|gh gsm| r`mj| `g}~m`ghb jdngom g| mp{mdbjr}|m9 edb oedz qgomd èsm hjrrhm idgqhmbam gc `gq rg ennm~~

~mp}eh edb |m{|gb}nrjsm `mehr` ~m|sjnm~ rèr e|m g}r~jbm le~jn `mehr` ~m|sjnm~$

R`m Ojdj~r|z gc Qgomd~ Mo{gqm|omdr `ja`hja`rmb rèr amdbm| lje~mb errjr}bm~ r|ed~herm jdrg {|gsjdnjeh edb

bj~r|jnr hmaj~herjgd6 r`m mpeo{hm gc Ledred~ 5;{o n}|cmq cg| qgomd ~`gq~ r er aggb jdrmdrjgd~ (j$m$ r`m

{|grmnrjgd gc qgomd* |m~}hr jd c}|r`m| |m~r|jnrjgd~ gd r`mo edb r`m jdr|gb}nrjgd gc {}djrjsm ome~}|m~ jd~rmeb gc

{|gogrjda r`mj| |ja`r~$ Er ~m|sjnm bmhjsm|z hmsmh amdbm| jdmu}ehjrz reim~ r`m cg|o gc amdbm| lhjdbdm~~ q`m|mlz

{ghjnz edb {|enrjnm j~ jo{hmomdrmb qjr`g}r edz eqe|mdm~~ gc jr~ jd~md~jrjsjrz$ Cg| mpeo{hm r`m|m j~ e ~m|sjnm cg|

{|madedr qgomd gd r`m cg}|r` chgg| gc e `mehr` {|gsjbm| (e hgda qez rg qehi cg| {|madedr qgomd*9 edb ecrm|

qgomd èsm n`mnimb jd rg ~mm e bgnrg| r`mz e|m ajsmd e hj~r gc mu}j{omdr r`mz dmmb rg ag edb {|gn}|mr`mo~mhsm~ (cenm oe~i~ ~z|jdam~ mrn$* q`jn` r`mz neddgr dmnm~~e|jhz eccg|b$ R`m hezm|jda mccmnr gc (amdbm| edb

{gsm|rz* bj~n|jojderjgd eccmnr~ {gg|m| qgomd q`g neddgr ennm~~ u}ehjrz ~m|sjnm~$

R`m heq~ rèr mpj~r qjr`jd Jdbgdm~je gcrmd bg dgr {|grmnr r`m |ja`r~ gc qgomd hjsjda qjr` @JS jd {|enrjnm he|amhz

enng|bjda rg J[[J q`jn` lmhjmsm~ rèr r`m hmaeh ~z~rmo {|jg|jrj~m~ r`m dmmb~ gc omd gsm| qgomd lmne}~m r`m

oefg|jrz gc heq~ e|m bm~jadmb lz oehm$ 5> E~ qjr` r`m hmaeh ~z~rmo~ gc oedz ng}dr|jm~ q`md heq~ e|m jdr|gb}nmb

qjr` r`m nhme| |mojr gc {|grmnrjda qgomd~ |ja`r~ r`m |m~}hrjda n}hr}|eh ~`jcr ned lm ~hgqm| rg reim {henm$ R`m

bgom~rjn sjghmdnm enr cg| mpeo{hm è~ nèdamb r`m {e|eomrm|~ cg| r`m l}|bmd gc {|ggc ({~zn`ghgaj~r |m{g|r~

55 DEN'JIGD Lehj Ne~m ^r}bjm~ gc r`m ^gnjeh Bzdeojn~ Eogda Bj~ng|bedr Edb Ngdng|bedr Ng}{hm~ Jd R`m Ngdrmpr Gc @JS Edb

EJB^ R|ed~oj~~jgd Jd BIJ Feie|re [miedle|} Bmd{e~e| Edb Rjojie cg| ]DJCMO Jdrm|sjmq qjr` J[[J (Jdbgdm~jed [g~jrjsm Qgomd!~ Dmrqg|i* 5< Cml|}e|z


12/57

5$


13/57

5>

cg| og|m ~md~jrjsjrz rg omd!~ |m{|gb}nrjsm `mehr` dmmb~$ Rg |mb}nm r`m og|rehjrz gc qgomd jd n`jhb lj|r` r`m

ojdj~r|z {|gogrm~ omd!~ mb}nerjgd rg e~~j~r r`mj| qjsm~ b}|jda {|madednz jd ne~m gc mom|amdnz bmhjsm|z edb

sjajhednm gc r`mj| qjcm~ `mehr` ecrm| n`jhb lj|r`$

E~ qjr` }doe||jmb qgomd }doe||jmb omd e|m eh~g }delhm rg ennm~~ ~mp}eh edb |m{|gb}nrjsm `mehr` ~m|sjnm~$

@gqmsm| ajsmd rèr n}||mdrhz gdhz 2- gc ceojhz {heddjda nhjmdr~ e|m omd (enng|bjda rg r`m Ojdj~r|z gc Qgomd~

Mo{gqm|omdr* r`m|m ~mmo~ rg lm ~jadjcjnedr le||jm|~ rg ehh omd~ ennm~~ rg r`m~m ~m|sjnm~ lgr` oe||jmb edb}doe||jmb$ R`m heni gc omd~ jdsghsmomdr jd ~mp}eh edb |m{|gb}nrjsm `mehr` è~ ~m|jg}~ ngd~mu}mdnm~ cg| lgr`

omd edb qgomd {e|rjn}he|hz jd rm|o~ gc @JS edb ^RJ r|ed~oj~~jgd$ Oedz omd ngdcg|o rg e ~mhc/joeam gc

~r|mdar` edb jds}hdm|eljhjrz q`jn` bmrm|~ r`mo c|go ebojrrjda rg jhhdm~~ g| ~mmijda ombjneh `mehr`$ C}|r`m| jr

bmrm|~ r`mo c|go reijda {|mne}rjgd~ edb jdn|me~m~ r`mj| |j~i/reijda lmèsjg}|$ R`g~m ome~}|m~ r`mz bg reim rg

|mb}nm |j~i gc r|ed~oj~~jgd e|m gcrmd le~mb gd ozr`~ g| jdng||mnr e~~}o{rjgd~ ~}n` e~ ^RJ {|grmnrjgd ned lm

en`jmsmb r`|g}a` ehng`gh ngd~}o{rjgd$

Lmne}~m gc r`m {er|je|nèh n}hr}|m r`m ojdj~r|z gc Qgomd~ Mo{gqm|omdr ~mmi~ rg jdn|me~m lgr` r`m {g~jrjsm

|ghm gc omd edb rg mo{gqm| qgomd$ Cg| ceojhz {heddjda gsm| :;- gc nhjmdr~ e|m qgomd 2- e|m omd$ R`m

bm{e|romdr ejo~ rg jdn|me~m r`m |m~{gd~jljhjrz gc omd edb eh~g jo{|gsm ~m|sjnm~ cg| r`mo e~ r`mz e|m dgr

errmdrjsm rg omd!~ dmmb~$ E~ zmr cmq ~{mnjcjn {ghjnjm~ g| {|ga|eoom~ èsm mom|amb rèr cgn}~ gd omd jd r`mj|

gqd |ja`r edb ~mmi rg l}jhb r`mj| eqe|mdm~~ gc r`mj| gqd ~mp}eh `mehr`$

E~ eh|mebz omdrjgdmb omd hjsjda qjr` @JS e|m ~}lfmnr rg cme| gc ~rjaoe edb bj~n|jojderjgd c|go r`mj| qjsm~

ceojhjm~ q`jn` {e|rjn}he|hz eccmnr~ omd q`g e|m oe||jmb rg qgomd gc `ja`m| ne~rm~$ R`m|m j~ hjrrhm jdnmdrjsm rg

bj~nhg~m r`mj| ~rer}~ rg r`mj| qjcm edb msmd hm~~ rg bj~nhg~m rg r`mj| qjbm| ceojhjm~$

E~ jdjrjerjsm~ rg jdn|me~m amdbm| mu}ehjrz lmngom og|m qjbm~{|meb ed }dlehednmb e{{|gen` |j~i~ n|merjda

}dnm|rejdrz eogda omd gc r`mj| {henm jd ~gnjmrz$ Q`jhm amdbm| mu}ehjrz j~ elg}r qgomd~ mu}eh |mherjgd~`j{~

qjr` omd r`m r|ejdjda {|gsjbmb rg berm gcrmd cgn}~m~ gd qgomd~ |ja`r~ edb èsm he|amhz lmmd re|amrmb er

qgomd |er`m| rèd omd$ Omd~ |menrjgd rg qgomd~ {e|rjnj{erjgd jd r|ejdjda gd qgomd~ |ja`r~ j~ ojpmb$

Nm|rejdhz oedz omd cmmh rèr ecrm|qe|b~ qgomd e|m l|esm| elg}r mp{|m~~jda r`mo~mhsm~ edb ~gomrjom~ r`mz

(r`m qgomd* lmngom eaa|m~~jsm$ E cme| j~ lmajddjda rg nj|n}herm eogda ~gom omd rèr amdbm| r|ejdjda hmeb~ rg

bjsg|nm$ ^gom njsjh ~gnjmrz a|g}{~ e|m nhme|m| rèd gr`m|~ rèr amdbm| r|ejdjda dmmb~ rg {|gogrm amdbm| mu}ehjrz|er`m| rèd gsm|ngo{md~erm cg| qgomd~ n}||mdr hgq ~rer}~ jd ~gnjmrz lz {|gogrjda gdhz qgomd~ |ja`r~9

~jojhe|hz amdbm| mu}ehjrz r|ejdjda dmmb~ rg lm re|amrmb er lgr` qgomd edb omd$

>$>$ ^mp q g|im|~^mp qg|i |moejd~ relgg jd Jdbgdm~je ehlmjr jo{hjnjrhz ennm{rmb edb ~mp qg|im|~ e|m f}bamb rg èsm e sm|z hgq

~gnjeh ~rer}~ lz oedz edb e~ ~}n` e|m n|jojdehj~mb$ Cmoehm ~mp qg|im|~ èsm lmmd re|amrmb `gqmsm| lz lgr`

agsm|domdr edb njsjh ~gnjmrz {|ga|eoom~$ Oehm ~mp qg|im|~ èsm dgr lmmd r`m ~}lfmnr gc {|ga|eoom~

`gqmsm|$ Cmoehm ~mp qg|im|~ e|m |men`mb qjr` ngdbgo~ edb jdcg|oerjgd elg}r @JS l}r r`mz |moejd }delhm rg

dmagrjerm r`mj| }~m edb @JS edb ^RJ {|msehmdnm ngdrjd}m~ rg jdn|me~m$

Lgr` njsjh ~gnjmrz edb DEN |ej~mb ngdnm|d~ elg}r r`m jdrm|enrjgd lmrqmmd ngdbgo {|gogrjgd edb ~mp qg|i$M~~mdrjehhz jr ~mmo~ rèr oejd~r|meo enrjsjrjm~ nmdr|m gd {|gsjbjda oehm ngdbgo~ rg cmoehm ~mp qg|im|~$ Ajsmd

r`m hgq le|aejdjda {gqm| gc ~mp qg|im|~ jd mdcg|njda ngdbgo }~m mccg|r~ rg |mb}nm r`m |j~i gc ^RJ r|ed~oj~~jgd

~`g}hb eh~g lm re|amrmb er nhjmdr~$

^mp qg|im|~ cenm bj~n|jojderjgd jd oedz e|me~6 cmoehm ~mp qg|im|~ e|m ~gomrjom~ el}~mb lz r`m {ghjnm q`g bg

dgr |mngadj~m r`mj| |ja`r~ edb qjhh dgr ennm{r r`mj| |m{g|r~ gc |e{m lmne}~m r`mz ~mhh ~mp cg| r`mj| jdngom$ 53 51

DEN |mngadj~m~ rèr {ghjnm ng||}{rjgd edb ~mp}eh sjghmdnm e|m j~~}m~$ Jr ~mmi~ cenjhjrerm bjehga}m er derjgdeh hmsmh

edb j~ jd {|gnm~~ gc oeijda e lggihmr cg| ehh {ghjnm rg {|gsjbm a}jbmhjdm~ gd e{{|g{|jerm jdrm|enrjgd qjr` cmoehm

~mp qg|im|~$50 Cmoehm ~mp qg|im|~ eh~g cenm el}~m lz nhjmdr~ edb {jo{~$ R`mz eh~g cjdb rèr ~gom {}lhjn `mehr`

{|gsjbm|~ bj~n|jojderm eaejd~r r`mo q`md r`mz ~mmi r|meromdr cg| ^RJ~$ ^gom ~m|sjnm {|gsjbm|~ e|m |m{g|rmb rg

53

Jdrm|sjmq qjr` [L@J (Jdbgdm~jed E~~gnjerjgd gc Hmaeh Ejb edb @}oed \ja`r~* 5< Cml|}e|z


14/57

52

heni e `}oed |ja`r~ e{{|gen` edb r`m |m~}hr j~ rèr ~mp qg|im|~ ehgda qjr` gr`m| {mg{hm eccmnrmb lz @JS e|m

bj~n|jojdermb eaejd~r gd r`m le~j~ gc seh}m f}baomdr~ gd r`mj| lmèsjg}|~ |er`m| rèd e{{|gen`mb e~ {erjmdr~

qjr` |ja`r~$5:

Eolja}jrz rgqe|b~ ~mp qg|im|~ ned lm cg}db jd hmaj~herjgd$ Cg| mpeo{hm DEN {ghjnjm~ edb ~r|ermajm~ oez cjdb

r`mo~mhsm~ jd ngdr|ebjnrjgd edb r`m|mcg|m jd ngdchjnr qjr` {e|ehhmh agsm|domdr |ma}herjgd~ gd ~mp}ehjrz$ Dgd/

bj~n|jojderjgd eaejd~r {mg{hm hjsjda qjr` @JS ngdchjnr~ qjr` r`m n|jojdehj~erjgd gc ~mp qg|i$ Derjgdeh hmsmhagsm|domdr {g~m~ nèhhmdam~ he|amhz lmne}~m gc r`m gsm|ehh heni gc eqe|mdm~~ gc amdbm| edb `}oed |ja`r~$ Ed

mpeo{hm gc r`j~ j~ gccjnjeh agsm|domdr qg|bjda rg bm~n|jlm ~mp qg|im|~6 qedjre r}de ~}~jhe (qgoed qjr`g}r

og|eh~* q`jn` ngdsmz~ e f}baomdr$ Njsjh ~gnjmrz e{{|mnjerm~ rèr DEN }~m~ qedjre {mim|fe ~mi~ (cmoehm ~mp

qg|im|* l}r |mngadj~m~ rèr jr j~ dgr jd ed e}r`g|jrerjsm {g~jrjgd rg nèdam r`m agsm|domdr~ gccjnjeh heda}eam$

DEN~ ne{enjrz e~~m~~omdr {gjdrmb g}r rèr r`m {|ga|eoom cgn}~ gd ~mp qg|im|~ j~ jdebmu}erm oehm nhjmdr~

eh~g dmmb ~}{{g|r edb jdcg|oerjgd edb DEN ~recc qg}hb hjim rg ~mm og|m qg|i reim {henm qjr` omd r`|g}a` oehm

bgojdermb qg|i{henm~ ~}n` e~ ojdjda ngo{edjm~ edb {g|r~$ $2$ Omd q`g èsm ~mp q jr` o mdO}n` gc r`m {ghjnz edb bj~n}~~jgd e|g}db omd q`g èsm ~mp qjr` omd cgn}~m~ gd qe|je (r|ed~amdbm| oehm~ j$m$

r`g~m q`g mhmnrjsmhz ngdcg|o rg nm|rejd cmoehm amdbm| mp{mnrerjgd~* {e|rjn}he|hz r`g~m q`g ~mhh ~mp$ Jr j~

jo{g|redr rg dgrm rèr dgr ehh qe|je ~mhh ~mp edb dgr ehh omd q`g èsm ~mp qjr` omd e|m qe|je$ DEN~ |msjmq gc

jr~ {|ga|eoom~ |mngadj~m~ rèr ehr`g}a` u}edrjrerjsm re|amr~ rg |m~{gdb rg qe|je qm|m omr |men`jda l|gebm|

re|amr~ gc omd q`g èsm ~mp qjr` omd qm|m dgr |men`mb$


15/57

5=

Er hgneh EJB^ ngooj~~jgd hmsmh njsjh ~gnjmrz {gjdrmb g}r r`er qe|je e|m gcrmd gdhz mdaeamb rg mpr|enr jdcg|oerjgd

cg| mpeo{hm rg lm ng}drmb jd ~rerj~rjn~ edb gcrmd r`mj| r|meromdr lz r`m g}r|men` qg|im|~ j~ jd~md~jrjsm$


16/57

53

}~m|~$ De|ngrjn~ gccmdbm|~ oebm }{ >2533 g| $1$ J dfmnrjda b|}a }~m|~Rg berm jdfmnrjda b|}a }~m è~ lmmd r`m imz b|jsm| gc r`m @JS m{jbmojn jd Jdbgdm~je (mpnm{rjda Qm~r [e{}e

q`m|m `mrm|g~mp}eh r|ed~oj~~jgd j~ r`m oefg| cenrg|*$ E~ e |m~}hr r`m |m~{gd~m è~ cgn}~~mb ~jadjcjnedrhz gd

{|msmdrjda r|ed~oj~~jgd r`|g}a` jdfmnrjda b|}a }~m lz omd$ @gqmsm| e {e|ebgp è~ mom|amb lmne}~m gc r`m

n|jojdehj~erjgd gc jdfmnrjda b|}a }~m|~$ @e|o |mb}nrjgd {|ga|eoom~ e|m `jdbm|mb lz r`m cenr rèr ~jo{hz ne||zjda

dmmbhm~ j~ a|g}db~ cg| e||m~r$ R`j~ {henm~ `mehr` ~m|sjnm~ jd bj|mnr ngdr|ebjnrjgd rg {ghjnm enrjgd~$ R`m {ghjnm

cg|nm è~ errmo{rmb rg reim e og|m `ghj~rjn sjmq edb jd > R`m |m~}hr

j~ e ngo{e|romdreh e{{|gen` q`m|m ojdj~r|jm~ bmcjdm r`mj| e|me gc |m~{gd~jljhjrz edb ae{~ jd r`m @JS |m~{gd~m

(cg| mpeo{hm r`m goj~~jgd gc cmoehm jdfmnrjda b|}a }~m|~* e|m dgr ebb|m~~mb$ DEN `ja`hja`rmb r`m cenr rèr r`m

d}olm|~ gc cmoehm jdfmnrjda b|}a }~m|~ j~ }didgqd e~ r`m|m j~ e heni gc bere nghhmnrjgd edb {|ga|eoom~ re|amrmb

er r`mo$>2 Cmoehm jdfmnrjda b|}a }~m|~ e|m {e|rjn}he|hz s}hdm|elhm rg ~mp}eh mp{hgjrerjgd lz r`mj| {e|rdm|~ edb

qjr`jd r`m f}bjnjeh ~z~rmo$ R`m ~rjaoe edb ~èom e~~gnjermb qjr` n|jojdeh enrjsjrz b|}a ebbjnrjgd edb ~mp}ehhz

r|ed~ojrrmb jdcmnrjgd~ oez lm ne}~jda qgomd eccmnrmb rg ngdnmeh r`mo~mhsm~ c|go ~m|sjnm~ rèr ng}hb `mh{

r`mo$ Jd gdm {|gsjdnm r`m|m j~ dg bmrmdrjgd nmdr|m cg| qgomd gdhz$ R`m `mehr` enr bgm~ dgr bj~n|jojderm

eaejd~r qgomd l}r jr~ jo{hmomdrerjgd bgm~6 è|o |mb}nrjgd j~ e{{hjmb qjr`g}r e qgoed/~md~jrjsm e{{|gen` r`m|m e|m cmq cmoehm d}|~m~ g| bgnrg|~ edb dgr mdg}a` jdcg|oerjgd elg}r |m{|gb}nrjsm `mehr` edb ~mp}ehjrz cg|

cmoehm jdfmnrjda b|}a }~m|~$ Jd amdm|eh lgr` oehm edb cmoehm jdfmnrjda b|}a }~m|~ mp{m|jmdnm dmaerjsm

|m~{gd~m~ c|go `mehr` qg|im|~ edb ~gomrjom~ jr j~ og|m {|gdg}dnmb cg| qgomd e~ hezm|~ gc f}bamomdr elg}r

r`mj| lmèsjg}| edb @JS ~rer}~ l}jhb }{ jd r`m ojdb~ gc `mehr` ~recc$

Jd |mehjrz ngdbgo }~m j~ hjojrmb6 qgomd e|m }deqe|m gc r`m |j~i~ edb {grmdrjeh è|o gc }d{|grmnrmb ~mp msmd jc

r`mz idgq r`mj| {e|rdm| j~ jdfmnrjda b|}a~$ Enng|bjda rg ^|j I}~z}djerj er r`m ]djsm|~jrz gc Jdbgdm~je oedz

5 Jdrm|sjmq qjr` [L@J 5< Cml|}e|z = Qgomd q`g e|m jdcmnrmb

qjr` @JS lz r`mj| {e|rdm| ~mm dg |me~gd dgr rg jdfmnr b|}a~ gdnm r`mz e|m @JS {g~jrjsm$

C|go r`m JIGD Lehj |m~me|n` cmoehm jdfmnrjda b|}a }~m|~ mp`jljrmb r`m og~r e}rgdgoz gsm| r`mj| {m|~gdeh

~mp}eh |mherjgd~`j{~ ngo{e|mb rg cmoehm ~mp qg|im|~ edb `g}~mqjsm~$ Cmoehm b|}a }~m|~ |m{g|rmb lmjda og|m

elhm rg bmnjbm `gq edb q`md rg èsm ~mp qjr` r`mj| |ma}he| {e|rdm|~$>3 Og~r gcrmd r`mz bm~n|jlmb ~mp}eh

enrjsjrjm~ e~ lmjda bmnjbmb rgamr`m| qjr` r`mj| {e|rdm|~$ ^msm|eh cmoehm b|}a }~m|~ ngdcjbmdrhz ~rermb rèr jc r`mj|{e|rdm| qe~ bmoedbjda g| }d|me~gdelhm r`mz qg}hb lm {|m{e|mb rg hmesm r`m |mherjgd~`j{ rg cjdb edgr`m|

{e|rdm|$

>= Jdrm|sjmq qjr` ]djsm|~jrz gc Jdbgdm~je g{ njr>3 DEN'JIGD Lehj


18/57

50

2$Hmaj~her jgd # {ghjnzJdbgdm~je j~ cenjda ed }dbmdjelhz ngo{hmp ngdrmpr jd q`jn` {|ga|m~~ gd amdbm| edb |ja`r~ j~ reijda {henm ehlmjr

}dmsmdhz$ R`m hmaj~herjsm mdsj|gdomdr {|m~mdr~ e |edam gc nèhhmdam~ e~ qmhh e~ g{{g|r}djrjm~6 r`m |erjcjnerjgd gc

|mhmsedr jdrm|derjgdeh ngdsmdrjgd~ edb ea|mmomdr~ ~mr~ ~nmdm cg| derjgdeh hmaj~herjgd rg lm bmsmhg{mb g| }{bermb

enng|bjdahz$ Njsjh ~gnjmrz g|aedj~erjgd~ e|m qjhhjda rg {e|rjnj{erm jd {|gnm~~m~ rg bmsmhg{ {ghjnz edb hmaj~herjgd

l}r gcrmd cjdb cmq mdr|z {gjdr~ qjr` q`jn` rg mdaeam$ Jr ~mmo~ rèr n}||mdrhz njsjh ~gnjmrz g|aedj~erjgd~ e|m

he|amhz jd e |ghm gc g{{g~jrjgd gc og~r agsm|domdr bm{e|romdr~ ehr`g}a` jdn|me~jda ngg{m|erjgd ned lm ~mmd

lmrqmmd DAG~ edb DEN$

DAG~ qjhh dmmb rg lehednm r`mj| ebsm|~e|jeh edb nghhelg|erjsm |ghm~ rg dmagrjerm l}jhbjda ehhjednm~ qjr`

agsm|domdr ojdj~r|jm~ e~ qmhh e~ men` gr`m| rg ebb rg derjgdeh ne{enjrz rg bmsmhg{ derjgdeh heq~ edb r`mj|

~}l~mu}mdr jo{hmomdrerjgd a}jbmhjdm~$ Gsm|ehh og~r hmsmh~ gc DEN edb r`m qjbm| agsm|domdr ojdj~r|jm~ e{{me|

rg heni e oejd~r|meojda e{{|gen` rg amdbm| |ja r~ edb @JS$ Jr qjhh reim e ngdnm|rmb mccg|r edb ngoojromdr lz

DEN jd nghhelg|erjgd qjr` mprm|deh {e|rdm|~ (jdnh}bjda bgdg|~* edb Jdbgdm~jed njsjh ~gnjmrz g|aedj~erjgd~ rg

bmsmhg{ e ngdnm{r}eh }dbm|~redbjda gc oejd~r|meojda jd ehh ~recc q`jn` j~ n}||mdrhz henijda$ DEN dmmb~ rg

{|jg|jrj~m r`m rjom edb cjdednjeh |m~g}|nm~ rg cenjhjrerm r`m mp{m|jmdrjeh edb {e|rjnj{erg|z |mchmnrjgd rèr dmmb~ rg

reim {henm ~g rèr ~recc èsm r`m ne{enjrz rg reim |m~{gd~jljhjrz cg| amdbm| `}oed |ja`r~ edb @JS edehz~m~ jd ehh

e~{mnr~ gc r`mj| qg|i$ [|gnm~~/le~mb r|ejdjda ~}n` e~ ^rm{{jda ^rgdm~>1 èsm |mnmdrhz lmmd jo{hmomdrmb jd {jhgr

cg|o edb mseh}erjgd~ qjhh lm cg|r`ngojda jd b}m ng}|~m$

E oejd~r|meomb }dbm|~redbjda qg}hb omed hm~~ ngo{e|romdrehj~erjgd gc j~~}m~$ Cg| mpeo{hm bgom~rjn sjghmdnm

j~ n}||mdrhz lmjda ebb|m~~mb r`|g}a` nèdam~ jd heq~ r`m f}bjnjeh ~z~rmo edb errjr}bm~$ Zmr r`m dmp}~ lmrqmmd

sjghmdnm edb @JS j~ dgr lmjda ebb|m~~mb lz mjr`m| r`m @JS g| edrj/sjghmdnm {ghjnjm~$ Lmzgdb r`m j~~}m~ rèr e|m

eh|mebz lmjda ebsgnermb cg| lz njsjh ~gnjmrz g|aedj~erjgd~ oejdhz ngdnm|djda og~r er |j~i {g{}herjgd~ r`m|m e|m

oz|jeb og|m j~~}m~ rèr qjhh jdmsjrelhz e|j~m e~ gc e `ghj~rjn edehz~j~ rèr e|m dgr zmr ~mmojdahz gd edz

g|aedj~erjgd~ g| ojdj~r|z~ eamdbe~$ E imz j~~}m rèr è~ ce| |men`jda edb ngo{hmp |m{m|n}~~jgd~ j~ r`m dmp}~

lmrqmmd jdb}~r|z edb @JS amdbm| edb |ja`r~$ R`j~ è~ lmmd bj~n}~~mb jd Jdbgdm~je jd~gce| e~ r`m mb}nerjgd

{|ga|eoom~ ejomb er ~msm|eh oehm bgojdermb jdb}~r|jm~ (m$a$ repj b|jsm|~* jd |mherjgd rg ~mp qg|i$ @gqmsm|

r`m|m e|m oedz og|m jdb}~r|jm~ rèr qjhh dmmb rg lm mpeojdmb ~}n` e~ rg}|j~o edb mpr|enrjsm jdb}~r|jm~ edb`gq r`m~m jdrm|enr qjr` @JS s}hdm|eljhjrjm~ jd r`m ngdrmpr gc amdbm| edb |ja`r~$

2$5$ R`m jdr m|enr jgd lmrq mmd jdr m|derjgdeh edb derjgdeh {ghjnzJdbgdm~je è~ |erjcjmb e d}olm| gc @}oed \ja`r~ @JS edb Amdbm| |mhermb jdrm|derjgdeh ngdsmdrjgd~ >0 q`jn`

~`g}hb lm |mchmnrmb jd derjgdeh heq~ e~ r`mz e|m jdr|gb}nmb g| }{bermb ~jdnm |erjcjnerjgd$ @gqmsm| r`m {|gnm~~ gc

|erjcjnerjgd edb r|ed~herjgd jdrg derjgdeh hmaj~herjgd ned lm hmdar`z e~ jd og~r ng}dr|jm~$ Ebbjrjgdehhz r`m

r|ed~herjgd gc derjgdeh hmaj~herjgd jdrg {|enrjnmj~ e {|gnm~~ rèr reim~ rjom edb jdsm~romdr$

DEN~ {m|~{mnrjsm gd r`m jdrm|enrjgd lmrqmmd jdrm|derjgdeh ngoojromdr~ edb derjgdeh hmaj~herjgd j~ rèr r`m

]djsm|~eh Bmnhe|erjgd gc @}oed \ja`r~ edb r`m Ngdsmdrjgd~ gd ^gnjeh edb [ghjrjneh \ja`r~ edb Mngdgojn ^gnjeh

edb N}hr}|eh \ja`r~ e|m he|amhz reimd cg| a|edrmb edb r`j~ ned hmeb rg gsm|~ja`r jd r|ed~herjda r`mo c}hhz jdrg

derjgdeh hmaj~herjgd$ Q`md e~~}o{rjgd~ e|m oebm elg}r {mg{hm~ hmsmh gc idgqhmbam r`m enr}eh ceojhje|jrz qjr`

heq~ ned lm hgqm| rèd mp{mnrmb$ Ngo{g}dbjda r`j~ e~~}o{rjgd~ e|m ~jojhe|hz oebm elg}r {mg{hm~ eljhjrz rg

r|ed~herm jdrm|derjgdeh edb derjgdeh heq~ jdrg {ghjnz bmsmhg{omdr edb {|ga|eoom jo{hmomdrerjgd$ Ngd~mu}mdrhz

r`m|m e|m cmq rggh~ bmsmhg{mb rg cenjhjrerm r`m |mehj~erjgd gc heq~ edb hjrrhm ogdjrg|jda gc r`mj| jo{hmomdrerjgd6

|mjrm|ermb lz ~recc er lgr` derjgdeh edb jdrm|derjgdeh hmsmh~ q`g {e|rjnj{ermb jd r`m 1 ^rm{{jda rgdm~ j~ e r|ejdjda {enieam jd amdbm| @JS ngoo}djnerjgd edb |mherjgd~`j{ ~ijhh~$ mm

qqq$~rm{{jda~rgdm~cmmbleni$g|a cg| og|m jdcg|oerjgd>0 Jdnh}bjda6 Ngsmdedr gd Njsjh edb [ghjrjneh \ja`r~9 Ngsmdedr gd Mngdgojn ^gnjeh edb N}hr}|eh \ja`r~9 Ngdsmdrjgd gd r`m

Mhjojderjgd gc Ehh Cg|o~ gc Bj~n|jojderjgd Eaejd~r Qgomd9 Ngdsmdrjgd Eaejd~r Rg|r}|m edb Gr`m| N|}mh Jd`}oed g| Bma|ebjda

R|meromdr g| [}dj~òmdr9 Ngdsmdrjgd gd r`m \ja`r~ gc [m|~gd~ qjr` Bj~eljhjrjm~9 Ngdsmdrjgd gd r`m \ja`r~ gc r`m N`jhb9Ngdsmdrjgd eaejd~r r`m Jhhjnjr R|eccjn jd De|ngrjn B|}a~ edb [~zn`gr|g{jn }l~rednm~
http://www.steppingstonesfeedback.org/http://www.steppingstonesfeedback.org/http://www.steppingstonesfeedback.org/


19/57

5:

E d}olm| gc ~recc er DEN |m{g|rmb cjdbjda ~gom jdrm|derjgdeh ngoojromdr~ edb ~redbe|b~ eolja}g}~ qjr` r`m

{grmdrjeh rg n|merm ngdchjnrjda {ghjnz e|me~ edb jd`jljr r`m bmsmhg{omdr gc e ngo{|m`md~jsm |m~{gd~m rg @JS$

@}oed |ja`r~ e{{|gen`m~ bmcjdmb er jdrm|derjgdeh hmsmh bg dgr dmnm~~e|jhz r|ed~herm ~meohm~~hz er derjgdeh (edb

hgneh* hmsmh~$ Cg| mpeo{hm jdrm|derjgdeh SNR a}jbmhjdm~ reim ed jdbjsjb}eh |ja`r~ e{{|gen` rg md~}|m

ngdcjbmdrjehjrz gc e {m|~gd!~ @JS rm~r edb r`m |m~}hr~$ [ghjnzoeim|~ edb {|ga|eoom bmhjsm|m|~ jd Jdbgdm~je

~è|mb r`mj| ngdnm|d~ elg}r r`m nèhhmdam~ r`j~ ne}~m~ q`md r`mz ngd~jbm| `gq rg |mngdnjhm r`j~ ngdcjbmdrjehjrz

nhe}~m qjr` r`m |ja`r~ gc e {m|~gd!~ {e|rdm| (qjcm g| `}~ledb* rg idgq q`mr`m| r`mz e|m er |j~i gc @JS jdcmnrjgd$

DEN sjmqmb r`m ~jr}erjgd c|go r`m {m|~{mnrjsm gc e qgoed q`g ~`g}hb èsm r`m |ja`r rg idgq jc ~`m j~ er |j~i gc

@JS jdcmnrjgd c|go `m| `}~ledb$>: @gqmsm| q`m|msm| r`m|m j~ amdbm| jdmu}ehjrz r`m|m j~ e |j~i rèr {|jg|jrj~jda

r`m |ja`r~ gc {e|rdm|~ ng}hb lm }~mb eaejd~r qgomd q`g amr rm~rmb$ R`m|m j~ msjbmdnm rèr l|men`m~ gc

ngdcjbmdrjehjrz ned èsm ~msm|m ngd~mu}mdnm~ cg| {mg{hm hjsjda qjr` @JS q`md r`mj| ceojhjm~ e|m jdcg|omb gc r`mj|

~rer}~ ~gomrjom~ lmcg|m r`mz e|m oebm eqe|m$ Qgomd gcrmd amr rm~rmb cj|~r lmne}~m r`mz jdrm|enr og|m

c|mu}mdrhz qjr` r`m `mehr` ~z~rmo {e|rjn}he|hz b}|jda edrmdereh ne|m edb ~gom e|m lheomb cg| l|jdajda @JS jdrg

r`m ceojhz$2; R`m |m~}hr ned lm bj~n|jojderjgd |mfmnrjgd sjghmdnm edb jd mpr|mom ne~m~ bmer`$ R`m|m j~ c}|r`m|

msjbmdnm rèr cme| gc e l|men` gc ngdcjbmdrjehjrz bmrm|~ {mg{hm c|go ~mmijda rm~rjda$25 [|mcm|elhz jdbjsjb}eh~

qg}hb èsm r`m ngdcjbmdnm rg errmdb SNR qjr` r`mj| {e|rdm|~ mjr`m| rg èsm rm~rjda edb ng}d~mhhjda rgamr`m| g|

~jo}hredmg}~hz qjr` r`m jdrmdrjgd gc ~è|jda r`mj| |m~}hr~ qjr` men` gr`m|$ $ Heq~ g| {ghjnjm~ mdcg|njda

bj~nhg~}|m ehr`g}a` qjr` r`m ejo gc {|grmnrjda qgomd edb gr`m| oe|ajdehj~mb {mg{hm |j~i lmjda }~mb eaejd~r

r`g~m r`mz e|m jdrmdbmb rg {|grmnr$

R`m|m e|m eh~g ngdrmdrjg}~ j~~}m~ e|g}db r`m bmhjsm|z gc edrj|mr|gsj|eh r`m|e{z$ Enng|bjda rg r`m ahgleh @JS

{|ga|eoojda a}jbmhjdm~ rèr DEN è~ ennm~~ rg edrj|mr|gsj|eh r`m|e{z j~ dgr |mngoomdbmb cg| enrjsm jdfmnrjda

b|}a }~m|~ g| mp/b|}a }~m|~ lmne}~m gc eb`m|mdnm j~~}m~$ DEN cmmh~ rèr r`j~ bgm~ dgr {|gogrm r`m |ja`r~ gc

omd edb qgomd q`g e|m n}||mdr g| cg|om| jdfmnrjda b|}a }~m|~$ (Jr ng}hb lm e|a}mb rèr b|}a }~m|~ èsm e

aggb |mng|b gc èljr}eh b|}a }~m ~g e~ hgda e~ jdbjsjb}eh~ e|m eqe|m gc r`mj| @JS ~rer}~ edb ngoojrrmb rg hjsjda

hgdam| gd r`m |majom r`mz ng}hb èsm lmrrm| eb`m|mdnm |erm~ rèd {mg{hm q`g e|m dgr }~mb rg ombjnerjgd$*

R`m esejheljhjrz gc edrj|mr|gsj|eh r`m|e{z j~ {|gogrmb qjr`jd r`m c|eomqg|i gc `}oed |ja`r~ edb Qg|hb @mehr`

G|aedj~erjgd {ghjnz j~ rèr r`mz e|m bj~r|jl}rmb r`|g}a` `g~{jreh~$ DEN |ej~mb ngdnm|d~ elg}r r`j~ e~ nhme|hz jr j~

e {|glhmo q`m|m r`m|m e|m dg `g~{jreh~$ R`m hgneh agsm|domdr jd [e{}e ~{|meb r`m bj~r|jl}rjgd gc edrj|mr|gsj|ehb|}a~ r`|g}a`g}r jr~ [|joe|z @mehr` Ne|m cenjhjrjm~ ngdr|e|z rg Qg|hb @mehr` G|aedj~erjgd {ghjnz l}r ommrjda r`m

dmmb~ gc r`m ngdrmpr$ Jd r`j~ ~jr}erjgd [e{}e {|gsjdnjeh e}r`g|jrz mprmdbmb r`m `}oed |ja`r~ e{{|gen` gc r`m

Q@G a}jbmhjdm~ lz jdn|me~jda ennm~~ rg r|meromdr$

Gsm|ehh r`m ~recc er DEN cmhr rèr r`m Q@G reim~ e nhjdjneh e{{|gen` rg @JS r|meromdr$ 2< Q`jhm r`mz |mngadj~m

rèr r`j~ j~ le~mb gd jo{g|redr ngd~jbm|erjgd~ elg}r r`m u}ehjcjnerjgd~ edb ~}jreljhjrz gc {|gcm~~jgdeh~ rg bj~r|jl}rm

ombjnjdm~ jr |mjdcg|nm~ dmaerjsm errjr}bm~ elg}r r`m ne{enjrz gc `mehr` qg|im|~ (qjr` hm~~ u}ehjcjnerjgd~* rg

bmhjsm| r|meromdr$ Jr mdng}|eam~ hgq mp{mnrerjgd~ gc r`g~m dgr jdjrjermb |er`m| rèd {|gogrm~ r|ejdjda gc le~jn

`mehr` ~recc rg mccmnrjsmhz ~}{{g|r E\R |ghh/g}r$ R`m~m ~mdrjomdr~ e|m ngd~mu}mdrhz |mchmnrmb jd r`m qez rèr

oedz {|gfmnr~ e|m bmhjsm|mb q`jn` eccmnr `gq hgneh agsm|domdr~ r`jdi6 ed errjr}bm q`jn` ~}aam~r~ e heni gc r|}~r

jd hgneh {mg{hm$

Jd ebbjrjgd ~gom ahgleh @JS |mhermb {ghjnjm~ edb a}jbmhjdm~ e|m henijda `ghj~rjn `}oed |ja`r~ edb amdbm|

e{{|gen`m~ q`jn` ne}~m~ derjgdeh {ghjnzoeim|~ rg u}m~rjgd q`mr`m| jr j~ bm~j|elhm rg jo{g|r r`m~m {ghjnjm~

q`ghm~ehm jdrg derjgdeh |m~{gd~m~$

Jd gr`m| ~jr}erjgd~ jdrm|derjgdeh a}jbmhjdm~ edb bgdg| {ghjnjm~ èsm r|ed~hermb jdrg e amdbm| lje~mb e{{|gen` rg

r`m @JS |m~{gd~m$ Cg| mpeo{hm he|am u}edrjrjm~ gc oehm ngdbgo~ e|m bj~r|jl}rmb rg cmoehm ~mp qg|im|~$ DEN j~

ngd~njg}~ rèr r`j~ e{{|gen` ~mdb~ ed e||ez gc ngdc}~jda edb {grmdrjehhz beoeajda om~~eam~$ R`m {gjdr gc

>: Jdrm|sjmq qjr` DEN 5; Cml|}e|z


20/57

^jojhe|hz r`m|m è~

lmmd e `g~r gc njsjh ~gnjmrz g|aedj~erjgd~ n|mermb jd r`m he~r bmnebm ehh desjaerjda r`m ngo{hmp {ghjrjneh

mdsj|gdomdr edb qg|ijda g}r `gq r`mz rgamr`m| oeim }{ r`m sgjnm gc ~gnjmrz$

R`m jdjrjeh |m~{gd~m rg @JS jd oedz ng}dr|jm~ qe~ gcrmd nè|enrm|j~mb lz r`m {|gnm~~ gc r|ed~herjda r`m

jdrm|derjgdeh {ghjnz bgn}omdr~ rg r m derjgdeh ngdrmpr$ R`j~ qe~ r`m ~eom cg| Jdbgdm~je$ L}r bm~{jrm oedz dgd/

agsm|domdreh g|aedj~erjgd~ lmjda m~relhj~`mb er r`m ~eom rjom e~ r`m Derjgdeh EJB^ Ngooj~~jgd ~gom DAG~

cmhr rèr r`m ebg{rjgd gc jdrm|derjgdeh {ghjnjm~ qe~ dgr e {e|rjnj{erg|z {|gnm~~ g| r`m|m qm|m e hjojrmb d}olm|~ gc{mg{hm jdsghsmb$ E~ e |m~}hr DAG~ e|a}m rèr Jdbgdm~je heni~ e {|gnm~~ rèr njsjh ~gnjmrz ned mdaeam jd rg ebe{r

ahgleh {ghjnjm~ cg| jr~ derjgdeh ngdrmpr$

2$; {m| nmdr gc qgomd

omolm|~ jd men` {ghjrjneh {e|rz* Oe||jeam Enr 5:12 Derjgdeh @JS'EJB^ r|ermaz


21/57


22/57


23/57

[|glhmo/^gh}rjgd Msgh}rj gd Ogbmh

5$ Jbmdrjczjda r`m {|glhmoedb jr~ mccmnr~

R`m lmajddjda gc e |m~{gd~m lmajd~ qjr` e ngdnm{r}eh edehz~j~ rg

jbmdrjcz r`m {|glhmo$ Q`md e {|glhmo eh|mebz mpj~r~ jr j~ gcrmd

jbmdrjcjmb r`|g}a` jr~ mccmnr gd r`m {g{}herjgd$ Njsjh ~gnjmrzbgn}omdr~ r`m jo{enr~ rg ebsgnerm cg| r`m dmmb cg| enrjgd$

Agsm|domdr lmngom~ eqe|m gc r`m {|glhmo r`|g}a` jr~ jo{enr~$

$ Jbmdrjczjda r`m ne}~m~ gcr`m {|glhmo

Gdnm r`m jdjrjeh |m~{gd~m~ èsm lma}d rg ojrjaerm r`m jo{enr gc

r`m {|glhmo r`m ngdnm{r}eh edehz~j~ bmsmhg{~ (lz lgr` njsjh

~gnjmrz edb agsm|domdr* edb r`m ne}~m~ gc r`m {|glhmo e|m

jbmdrjcjmb$

2$ \menrjgd6 [|msmdrjgd|m~{gd~m~

^r|ermajm~ edb {|ga|eoom~ e|m bmsj~mb rg |mb}nm s}hdm|eljhjrz rg

r`m {|glhmo q`jn` hmeb~ rg ~rm{ =$

=$ Jbmdrjczjda hjdi~ lmrqmmdrqg g| og|m j~~}m~

R`m ngdnm{r}eh edehz~j~ bmsmhg{~ c}|r`m| rg ~`gq rèr r`m|m e|m

imz j~~}m~ hjdimb rg r`m {|glhmo (ne}~jda lgr` gdm/qez edb

o}r}eh mpenm|lerjgd*$

3$ \menrjgd6 lmrrm| re|amrmbjo{enr ojrjaerjgd edb

{|msmdrjgd |m~{gd~m~

R`m |m~{gd~m~ msghsm rg ommr r`m dmq }dbm|~redbjda~ gc r`m

jo{enr~ edb ne}~m~ gc r`m {|glhmo$

1$ Jbmdrjczjda n|g~~ n}rrjdader}|m gc {|glhmo

R`m ne}~m~ edb jo{enr~ gc r`m {|glhmo e|m jbmdrjcjmb e~

o}hrjcenmrmb edb {grmdrjehhz hjdimb rg ehh ~mnrg|~$

0$ \menrjgd6 Oejd~r|meojdaen|g~~ ehh e|me~

E o}hrj/~mnrg|eh |m~{gd~m j~ bmsmhg{mb jd q`jn` ehh ~reim`ghbm|~

reim |m~{gd~jljhjrz cg| md~}|jda rèr r`mj| e|me~ gc qg|i bg dgr

jdn|me~m r`m {|glhmo {|msmdr jr q`m|m {g~~jlhm edb |m~{gdb

e{{|g{|jermhz rg ojrjaerm r`m jo{enr

Jd rm|o~ gc r`m bgom~rjn sjghmdnm enr njsjh ~gnjmrz j~ er ~ream >6 DAG~ e|m u}m~rjgdjda `gq r`m jdn|me~m jd

agsm|domdr |m~{gd~m rg berm j~ ngdr|jl}rjda rg e bmn|me~m jd (j$m$ {|msmdrjgd gc* bgom~rjn sjghmdnm$ Og|m

ebsgnenz j~ |mu}j|mb gd bgom~rjn sjghmdnm cg| mpeo{hm ebbjda eomdbomdr~ cg| @JS |mhermb j~~}m~$ Mccg|r~ èsm

lmmd oebm edb |m~}hr~ e|m lmjda ~mmd jd r`m heq ng}|r~6 {|msjg}~hz {`z~jneh {|ggc gc sjghmdnm qe~ gdhz ehhgqmb

l}r dgq {~zn`jer|j~r |m{g|r~ ned eh~g lm ~}lojrrmb e~ msjbmdnm$ R`m {}dj~òmdr cg| a}jhrz sm|bjnr~ j~ {|j~gd$ R`m

heq j~ qmhngom l}r jr ehgdm neddgr jdn|me~m {mg{hm!~ eqe|mdm~~ edb jr è~ lmmd r|ed~hermb }dmsmdhz jdrg r`m

hgneh bmnmdr|ehj~mb ~z~rmo$ Jd ~gom ne~m~ `gqmsm| ngd~njg}~dm~~ è~ lmmd |ej~mb ~jadjcjnedrhz$ R`m (cmoehm*

`meb gc e sjhheam g}r~jbm Lehj mp{hejdmb rg gdm gc r`m {e|rjnj{edr~ jd r`j~ |msjmq rèr r`m sjhheam è~ ea|mmb rg

jdng|{g|erm r`m bgom~rjn sjghmdnm enr jdrg jr~ gqd sjhheam |ma}herjgd~$ E rmeo è~ lmmd m~relhj~`mb q`jn` |msjmq~

r`m hmsmh gc sjghmdnm ngoojrrmb edb r`m sjgherg| è~ rg {ez e cjdm (}{ rg 5$=ojhhjgd Jdbgdm~jed |}{je`*$ R`m {gjdr

j~ dgr r`m ogdmre|z seh}m gc r`m cjdm ehr`g}a` r`j~ bgm~ |mchmnr r`m ~msm|jrz gc r`m n|jom l}r |er`m| r`m og|eh

nghhmnrjsm jo{m|erjsm rg |mb}nm sjghmdnm jd r`m `gom$

R`m {ghjnz edb hmaj~herjsm c|eomqg|i gc Jdbgdm~je qjhh lm ~r|mdar`mdmb jc ne{enjrz j~ l}jhr eogda lgr` derjgdeh

{ghjnz oeim|~ edb hgneh agsm|domdr ~recc$ E~ e |m~}hr gc r`m |erjcjnerjgd~ gc NMBEQ edb r`m Ojhhmddj}o

Bmsmhg{omdr Ageh~ hgneh agsm|domdr j~ glhjamb rg oejd~r|meo amdbm|$ L}r DAG~ |m{g|r rèr gcrmd @JS j~ dgr

jdnh}bmb edb e|m nehhjda cg| og|m hgneh amdbm| mp{m|r~ rg lmngom ngdsm|~edr jd @JS j~~}m~$ Jd ebbjrjgd njsjh

~gnjmrz qg}hb hjim rg ~mm r`m mpj~rjda hgneh amdbm| mp{m|r~ (m$a$ jd r`m Ngoo}djrz Mo{gqm|omdr L}|me}* hjdi


24/57

: 5:::* è~ r`m {grmdrjeh rg lm eomdbmb rg lmngom og|m @JS ~md~jrjsm lz mp{hjnjrhz {|grmnrjda r`m |ja`r~ gc {mg{hm

hjsjda qjr` @JS$ Nèdajda heq~ ned lm e hgda rm|o {|gnm~~ ajsmd r`m d}olm| gc ojdj~r|jm~ edb hmaj~herjsm

{|gnmb}|m~ rèr dmmb rg lm ngd~}hrmb$ @gqmsm| nèdam j~ {g~~jlhm e~ e|m r`m jdr|gb}nrjgd gc dmq heq~ e~

bmogd~r|ermb lz r`m bgom~rjn sjghmdnm enr$ Jd g|bm| rg jdr|gb}nm r`m dmq heq njsjh ~gnjmrz a|g}{~ nghhmnrjsmhz

e{{|gen`mb r`m og~r e{{|g{|jerm agsm|domdr ojdj~r|z jd r`j~ ne~m r`m Ojdj~r|z gc Qgomd!~ Mo{gqm|omdr$ R`m

ojdj~r|z èb r`m e}r`g|jrz rg l|jda ~mdjg| {mg{hm c|go gr`m| ojdj~r|jm~ edb g|aedj~erjgd~ rgamr`m| ~}n` e~ r`m

[ghjnm Ngooedbm| r`m Errg|dmz Amdm|eh r`m Ojdj~r|z gc \mhjajg}~ Eccej|~ edb r`m Ojdj~r|z gc Jdrm|deh Eccej|~$

Rgamr`m| r`mz l}jhr ed ea|mmomdr qjr` rg{ hmsmh bmnj~jgd oeim|~ edb {|gsjbmb rmn`djneh r|ejdjda rg l}jhb r`mj|

{m|~gdeh ne{enjrz jd r`m j~~}m~$ Er r`m ~eom rjom @g~{jreh E~~gnjerjgd~ r|ejdmb mom|amdnz ~recc rg hggi er r`m

ne}~m gc qg}db~ dgr f}~r r`m qg}db~ r`mo~mhsm~ edb |mcm| rg {~zn`jer|z$ Lz l|jdajda gd lge|b f}bam~

{~zn`jer|j~r~ edb f}|j~r~ nèdam~ qm|m elhm rg è{{md$ Dgq r`m {ghjnm er {|gsjdnjeh hmsmh èsm e ~{mnjeh

mpeojderjgd |ggo edb r|ejdmb qgomd {ghjnm ned {|gsjbm ng}d~mhhjda edb l|jda {mg{hm rg n|j~j~ nmdr|m jc


25/57


26/57

$


27/57


28/57


29/57

; zme|~$ R`m {ghjrjneh nhjoerm {g~m~ nèhhmdam~ lmne}~m msm|z cjsm zme|~ e

dmq agsm|domdr j~ {grmdrjehhz mhmnrmb edb dmq ojdj~rm|~ e{{gjdrmb edb jd ~gom ne~m~ ojdj~r|jm~ e|m bj~~ghsmb

edb |mn|mermb$ R`j~ jdmsjrelhz ned ne}~m jd~reljhjrz jd r`m {|gnm~~m~ gc |mcg|o edb bmogn|erj~erjgd$ R`m n}||mdr

ojdj~rm| è~ e l|geb `g|jvgd q`jn` j~ aggb l}r r`m mprm|deh gl~renhm~ |moejd$ E~ e |m~}hr gc r`m~m }d{|mbjnrelhm

jdch}mdnm~ r`m ojdj~r|z cgn}~m~ gd r`m ne{enjrz l}jhbjda gc gr`m| bm{e|romdr~ edb hmsmh~ rg md~}|m ~ijhh~ e|mmolmbbmb jd ne~m r`m c}r}|m gc r`m ojdj~r|z lmngom~ }dnm|rejd$ Msmd q`md r`m ojdj~r|z è~ lmmd bm/{|jg|jrj~mb

lz {|msjg}~ agsm|domdr~ r`m qg|i è~ ehqez~ ngdrjd}mb jd ~gom cg|o g| gr`m| lmne}~m jr qe~ m~relhj~`mb dgr

gdhz e~ e |m~}hr gc glhjaerjgd~ rg jdrm|derjgdeh ngoojromdr~ |erjcjmb lz r`m agsm|domdr l}r eh~g lmne}~m gc r`m

hgneh dmmb$ R`m|m e|m ~rjhh {e|r~ gc agsm|domdr edb ~gnjmrz rèr |m~j~r nèdam `mdnm r`m ngdrjd}jda mo{è~j~ gd

ebsgnenz edb ne{enjrz l}jhbjda$ Ne{enjrz l}jhbjda qjr`jd r`m ojdj~r|z gd @JS reim~ r`m cg|o gc edd}eh r|ejdjda

qjr` mprm|deh mp{m|r jd{}r (cg| mpeo{hm c|go DEN*$ R`m ojdj~r|z eh~g hmdb~ jr~mhc rg l}jhb ne{enjrz mprm|dehhz

~}n` e~ {|gsjbjda c}dbjda cg| r`m r|ejdjda gc qgomd hjsjda qjr` @JS jdnh}bjda gd amdbm| j~~}m~$

R`m ojdj~r|z~ amdbm| {ghjnz j~ le~mb gd r`m {|m~jbmdrjeh jd~r|}nrjgd .: (


30/57

>;

ngom~ c|go r`m ~rerm l}bamr edb ~oehhm| {|gfmnr~ e|m c}dbmb lz ]D ceojhz (]DJCMO ]DC[E ]DEJB^ ]DJNMC

Q@G* edb c}db~ e|m bj~r|jl}rmb rg {|gsjdnjeh bj~r|jnr hmsmh agsm|domdr~ e~ qmhh e~ ~gom DAG~ (hgneh edb

jdrm|derjgdeh*$

R`m ojdj~r|z enidgqhmbam~ rèr e d}olm| gc n}||mdr derjgdeh heq~ e|m amdbm| lje~mb$ Cg| mpeo{hm r`m oe||jeam

enr j~ lje~mb (eam {ghzaeoz* ~g r`m gccjnm ngdb}nr~ ~r}bjm~ edb }~m~ msjbmdnm rg oeim |mngoomdberjgd~$ R`m

Ojdj~r|z gc \mhjajg}~ Eccej|~ (q`jn` è~ |m~{gd~jljhjrz cg| r`m oe||jeam enr* {g~m~ nèhhmdam~ rg r`m qg|i gc r`mOjdj~r|z gc Qgomd~ Mo{gqm|omdr edb og|m ~g er hgneh hmsmh q`m|m hgneh e}rgdgoz ~mm~ amdbm| lje~ jd hgneh

heq~$ R`m Ojdj~r|z |msjmq~ e|rjnhm~ gc heq~ edb oeim~ |mngoomdberjgd~ rg nèdam amdbm| lje~mb e~{mnr~$ Cg|

mpeo{hm jd Ledred r`m|m j~ e 5;{o n}|cmq cg| qgomd edb qgomd cg}db g}r~jbm r`m `gom cenm {}dj~òmdr$

R`m Ojdj~r|z gc Qgomd~ Mo{gqm|omdr |mngadj~m~ rèr qgomd oez dmmb rg lm g}r jd r`m msmdjda~ edb jc r`m

glfmnrjsm j~ rg {|grmnr r`mo r`md jr qg}hb lm og|m ngd~r|}nrjsm rg cjdb qez~ rg md~}|m r`mj| ~ecmrz |er`m| rèd

|m~r|jnr r`mj| ogsmomdr~$

Q`jhm r`m Ojdj~r|z qe~ n|jrjneh gc ~gom gc r`m ngd~m|serjsm jdch}mdnm~ jd derjgdeh {ghjnz edb {|enrjnm jr

~jo}hredmg}~hz mp{|m~~mb ngd~m|serjsm sjmq~$ Jd {e|rjn}he| gd |mae|b rg zg}da {mg{hm!~ nèdajda errjr}bm~

rgqe|b~ ~mp jd r`m ngdrmpr gc a|merm| jdcg|oerjgd edb r`m jo{enr gc ahglehj~erjgd Ojdj~r|z ~recc cmhr rèr r`m

lmèsjg}| gc zg}da {mg{hm qjhh dgr nèdam jc r`m ceojhz j~ ~r|gda edb j~ r`m og~r jdch}mdrjeh cenrg| jd r`mj| hjsm~$

C}|r`m| r`m mpj~rmdnm gc @JS omed~ rèr r`m|m j~ msmd og|m |me~gd rg {|gogrm ~r|gda ceojhz seh}m~$ @gqmsm|ceojhz seh}m~ e~ e ngdnm{r dmmb~ rg lm ne|mc}hhz bmcjdmb e~ r`m jd~rjr}rjgd gc oe||jeam rg berm ng}hb lm ~ejb rg

èsm ngdr|jl}rmb rg {henjda qgomd jd e hgqm| ~gnjmreh ~rer}~$ Jd ebbjrjgd reijda e de||gq sjmq gc {|gogrjda

ceojhjm~ |j~i~ {ghe|j~jda jdbjsjb}eh~ lz {henjda seh}m f}baomdr~ gd r`mj| enrjgd~ g| bmnj~jgd~ {e|rjn}he|hz r`g~m

q`g n`gg~m dgr rg ngdcg|o (g| cjdb r`mo~mhsm~ dgr ngdcg|ojda* qjr` ngdsmdrjgdeh mp{mnrerjgd~$ R`j~

ngd~m|serj~o j~ |mchmnrmb jd r`m |m{|gb}nrjsm `mehr` {ghjnz q`jn` gdhz e{{hjm~ rg oe||jmb qgomd edb omd6 ceojhz

{heddjda j~ ehhgqmb lmcg|m oe||jeam l}r ceojhz {heddjda ~m|sjnm~ e|m dgr$ Jd r`j~ mpeo{hm r`m e{{|gen` j~ dgr e

nhjdjneh gdm l}r dmjr`m| ned jr lm ~ejb rg lm `ghj~rjn$ Jd~rmeb jr ehh}bm~ rg e {|mcm|mdnm cg| og|eh gsm| nhjdjneh

e{{|gen`m~ rg ~mp}eh `mehr` edb lz mprmd~jgd @JS {|msmdrjgd edb ne|m |m~{gd~m~$

R`m Ojdj~r|z~ n}||mdr cgn}~ j~ r`m mu}eh ~è|jda gc |m~{gd~jljhjrjm~ (m~{mnjehhz |m{|gb}nrjsm `mehr` edb {e|mdreh

ne|m* lmrqmmd qgomd edb omd$ Gdm gc r`m ojdj~r|z~ ejo~ j~ rg jdn|me~m r`m {e|rjnj{erjgd edb |m~{gd~jljhjrz gc

omd jd ceojhz {heddjda ~m|sjnm~ q`m|m gsm| :;- gc nhjmdr~ e|m qgomd edb 2- e|m omd$ R`m bm{e|romdr eh~gejo~ rg jo{|gsm ~m|sjnm~ cg| omd e~ r`mz e|m dgr n}||mdrhz re|amrmb er omd!~ dmmb~$


31/57

>5

=$ DEN Ne{enjr z Edehz~j~R`j~ ~mnrjgd b|eq~ gd r`m cjdbjda~ c|go r`m DEN/ngooj~~jgdmb amdbm| ne{enjrz edehz~j~$ R`m edehz~j~ rggi

{henm er r`m mdb gc > u}m~rjgddej|m~ qm|m ngo{hmrmb lz Qm~r Fese q`jhm dgdm qm|m |mnmjsmb c|go Me~r

Fese$ - gc ~recc idmq elg}r jr


32/57

> [m|nmdream gc ~recc qjr`'qjr`g}r

idgqhmbam gc L[CE

Cja}|m 2 [m|nmdream gc ~recc qjr`'qjr`g}r

idgqhmbam gc OBA~

Cja}|m = [m|nmdream gc ~recc qjr`'qjr`g}r

idgqhmbam gc ]DAE^^

=$- gc ~recc

jd Qm~r Fese {|gsjdnm$ 3;- gc derjgdeh ~recc idmq gc jr g| èb `me|b gc jr$ E~ qg}hb lm mp{mnrmb derjgdeh ~recc

eh~g èb e `ja` hmsmh gc eqe|mdm~~ gc DEN~ gqd ^r|ermaz gd @JS edb qgomd (01-*$ Ehr`g}a` `ja` hmsmh~ gc

eqe|mdm~~ qm|m eh~g |mng|bmb cg| r`m {|gsjdnm~ (1=- edb 1:- cg| [e{}e edb Qm~r [e{}e edb Qm~r Fese

|m~{mnrjsmhz* r`m edehz~r nghhmnrjda r`m bere ~}~{mnr~ rèr oedz |m~{gdbmdr~ oez èsm r`g}a`r r`m u}m~rjgd

|mcm||mb rg DEN~ l|gebm| ~r|ermaz gd @JS edb EJB^ edb dgr r`m |mnmdrhz bmsmhg{mb ~{mnjcjn ~r|ermaz gd qgomd$

E `ja`m| {|g{g|rjgd gc derjgdeh ~recc (=- edb >0- cg| [e{}e edb Qm~r [e{}e edb

Qm~r Fese |m~{mnrjsmhz* qm|m dgr eqe|m gc r`m {|m~jbmdrjeh jd~r|}nrjgd .:'


33/57

>>


idgqhmbam gc Heq 1'5:02


idgqhmbam gc DEN @JS ^r|ermaz gd Qgomd


idgqhmbam gc [J :'


34/57

>2

=$2$ Amdbm| jd {heddjda edb {|ga|eoojda


35/57

>=

3$Ngdnh}~jgd~\m~{gd~m~ rg @JS jd Jdbgdm~je èsm ~gomrjom~ lmmd jo{hmomdrmb u}jnihz c|go `mehr` edb hmaeh {m|~{mnrjsm~

l}r gcrmd qjr`g}r e `ghj~rjn `}oed |ja r~ g| amdbm| {m|~{mnrjsm$ E~ e |m~}hr ~gom gc r`m |m~{gd~m~ e|m nhjdjneh

edb gojr r`m `}oed edb ~gnjeh bjomd~jgd~ gc @JS edb EJB^ edb ~gomrjom~ {ghjnjm~ msmd ngom jdrg ngdchjnr qjr`

men` gr`m| ~}n` e~ r`m oe||jeam heq q`jn` {|gogrm~ omd e~ r`m `meb gc r`m `g}~m`ghb q`jhm r`m Derjgdeh

^r|ermajn [hed gd @JS edb EJB^ {|gogrm~ mu}ehjrz lmrqmmd omd edb qgomd$

R`m de||gq bmcjdjrjgd gc @JS e~ e `mehr` j~~}m è~ |m~}hrmb jd e he|amhz nhjdjneh |m~{gd~m6 Nm|rejd ombjneh dmmb~

gc {mg{hm eccmnrmb lz @JS e|m omr cg| mpeo{hm SNR j~ jdn|me~jdahz esejhelhm er oedz `g~{jreh~ e~ j~ [ORNR$

@gqmsm| bj~n|jojderjgd gnn}|~ qjr`jd `mehr` ~m|sjnm~ eaejd~r lgr` {mg{hm hjsjda qjr` @JS edb s}hdm|elhm edb

oe|ajdehj~mb {g{}herjgd~ lmne}~m e{{|gen`m~ e|m henijda `}oed |ja`r~ edb amdbm| {m|~{mnrjsm~$ Edgr`m|

ngd~mu}mdnm gc r`m de||gq bmcjdjrjgd gc @JS j~ r`m heni gc o}hrj/~mnrg|eh |m~{gd~m$ DEN è~ e ngg|bjderjda |ghm

eogda 52 agsm|domdr bm{e|romdr~ l}r @JS |mhermb qg|i j~ ~rjhh og~rhz ngd~jbm|mb ~ghm r`m |m~{gd~jljhjrz gc r`m

ngooj~~jgd edb r`m `mehr` ~mnrg|$ E~ e |m~}hr gr`m| ~mnrg|~ bg dgr èsm ~r|ermajm~ edb r`m ne{enjrz rg

mccmnrjsmhz ~}{{g|r {mg{hm eccmnrmb lz @JS edb EJB^ edb }hrjoermhz bj~n|jojderm eaejd~r r`mo edb s}hdm|elhm

{g{}herjgd~$

Q`m|m r`m|m e|m e{{|g{|jerm heq~ edb {ghjnjm~ r`mz e|m gcrmd oebm qjr`jd ngd~m|serjsm c|eomqg|i~ edb jd~rmeb

gc e nhjdjneh e{{|gen` heq~ edb {|enrjnm~ le~mb gd og|eh g| seh}m f}baomdr~ {|msejh ~}n` e~ r`m mpnh}~jgd gc

}doe||jmb {mg{hm c|go |m{|gb}nrjsm `mehr` ~m|sjnm~$ R`j~ j~ ngo{g}dbmb lz Jdbgdm~je~ ~r|}aahm rg |mngdnjhm

~gomqèr ngdr|ebjnrg|z edb henijda jdrm|derjgdeh ~redbe|b~ edb ngoojromdr~$ Cg| mpeo{hm jdrm|derjgdeh

bgdg|~ |mu}m~r ngo{hjednm qjr` jdbjnerg|~ rèr mpnh}bm cmoehm jdfmnrjda b|}a }~m|~ edb {|gogrm r`m bj~r|jl}rjgd

gc oehm ngdbgo~ rg cmoehm ~mp qg|im|~$

Njsjh ~gnjmrz è~ e ~md~m gc jo{erjmdnm edb }|amdnz elg}r r`m dmmb rg |mcg|o ~gnjmrz rg lmngom og|m amdbm|

mu}jrelhm$ DEN ~è|m~ r`j~ sjmq l}r cenm~ r`m bj|mnr |mehjrz gc r|zjda rg dmagrjerm qjr` ehh r`m agsm|domdr

bm{e|romdr~ qjr`g}r r`m dmnm~~e|z e}r`g|jrz rg jo{hmomdr nèdam~$

Jdbgdm~je~ ~r|}nr}|eh e}rgdgoz er {|gsjdnjeh edb bj~r|jnr hmsmh~ {g~m~ og|m nèhhmdam~ q`md hgneh heq~ c}|r`m|

ngdr|gh qgomd edb n|jojdehj~m ~mp qg|im|~ edb b|}a }~m|~$ @gqmsm| jdbjsjb}eh mpeo{hm~ gc q`m|m hgnehe}rgdgoz ned {|grmnr qgomd e|m rg lm cg}db cg| mpeo{hm jd r`m sjhheam q`jn` jdng|{g|ermb r`m derjgdeh

bgom~rjn sjghmdnm enr jdrg jr~ |}hm~$

R|ejdjda edb eqe|mdm~~ |ej~jda gd amdbm| edb `}oed |ja`r~ j~ reijda {henm l}r e~ jr è{{md~ }dmsmdhz r`m|m e|m

c}|r`m| nèhhmdam~6 er agsm|domdr hmsmh jr j~ he|amhz qgomd q`g errmdb r`mo edb er ngoo}djrz hmsmh r`m

cmojdj~r e~{mnr ned lm r`|mermdjda rg lgr` qgomd edb omd$

R`m jdrm|enrjgd lmrqmmd |mhjajgd n}hr}|m edb heq j~ sm|z ~r|gda$ Jr j~ og|m ngo{hmp rèd r`m cenr rèr ~gom

ngd~m|serjsm |mhjajg}~ sjmq~ hgqm| r`m ~rer}~ gc qgomd cme| gc ehjmderjgd gc sgrm|~ mdng}|eam~ ~gom {ghjrjnjed~

rg reim e o}n` è|bm| sjmq rg enngoogberm r`m ojdg|jrz (edb og|m sgneh* ngd~m|serjsm mhmomdr~ gd j~~}m~

|mherjda rg jdfmnrjda b|}a }~m edb ~mp qg|i$ Er r`m ~eom rjom {gsm|rz edb nhe~~ e|m jo{g|redr cenrg|~ jd `gq

{mg{hm jdrm|enr qjr` ~m|sjnm~ edb men` gr`m|$

DEN è~ r`m qjhhjdadm~~ rg jdn|me~m amdbm| mu}ehjrz l}r dmmb~ e n|g~~/agsm|domdreh ngdnm|rmb e{{|gen` rg

oeim nèdam~ jd qjbm| ~gnjmrz gd amdbm| j~~}m~$ Jr n}||mdrhz heni~ r`m ne{enjrz rg oejd~r|meo amdbm| edb

`}oed |ja`r~ qjr`jd r`m derjgdeh g|aedj~erjgd edb r`m {|gsjdnjeh edb bj~r|jnr hmsmh ngooj~~jgd$ DEN dmmb~

cjdednjeh |m~g}|nm~ edb ~{mnjehj~r rmn`djneh jd{}r rg l}jhb r`m mp{m|rj~m gc jr~ ~recc er lgr` derjgdeh edb {|gsjdnjeh

hmsmh~ edb jd~rjr}rjgdehj~m dmq e{{|gen`m~ ~}n` e~ oejd~r|meojda$ Amdbm| edb |ja`r~ j~~}m~ dmmb rg lm

{|jg|jrj~mb er ehh hmsmh~ qjr` r`m ~}{{g|r edb hmebm|~`j{ gc r`m ~mdjg| omolm|~ gc r`m derjgdeh edb {|gsjdnjeh EJB^

ngooj~~jgd~$

Jo{g|redr {|ga|m~~ j~ eh~g dgrmb ~}n` e~ DEN~ r|ed~cg|oerjgd gc r`m qg|ijda a|g}{ gd qgomd jdrg r`m qg|ijda

a|g}{ gd amdbm| edb `}oed |ja`r~$ [ghjnjm~ e|m a|eb}ehhz lmjda jdr|gb}nmb rg |m~{gdb rg qgomd edb rg amdbm|

ehr`g}a` r`mj| ~reaam|mb bmsmhg{omdr |j~i~ ed }dmsmd e{{|gen`$ Nèdam~ gd r`m a|g}db e|m lmjda ~mmd e~ e

|m~}hr gc agsm|domdr {ghjnz ~}n` e~ jd r`m bgom~rjn sjghmdnm enr$ Njsjh ~gnjmrz~ jo{erjmdnm qjr` r`m {|gnm~~ j~

jdmsjrelhm f}~r e~ r`m bmhezmb |mehj~erjgd gc r`m~m {ghjnjm~ jdrg qjbm| ~gnjmreh seh}m~ j~ eh~g jdmsjrelhm$ @gqmsm|


36/57

>3

ajsmd r`m mp{m|jmdnm~ gc gr`m| ng}dr|jm~ q`jn` èsm jdr|gb}nmb ~jojhe| heq~ nèdam~ jd ~gnjmreh errjr}bm~ bg

}~}ehhz cghhgq e~ a|eb}ehhz ngd~njg}~dm~~ j~ |ej~mb$

DEN dmmb~ rg ngdnmdr|erm jr~ mccg|r~ gd r`g~m e|me~ gc agsm|domdr {ghjnz edb {|enrjnm rèr jr ned èsm r`m og~r

jdch}mdnm gd edb bmsmhg{ ~r|ermajm~ rg jo{enr gd og|m jo{mdmr|elhm e|me~ jd ngdf}dnrjgd qjr` agsm|domdr edb

dgd/agsm|domdreh ehhjm~$ R`j~ eh~g omed~ hggijda g}rqe|b~ rg jdrm|derjgdeh bgdg|~ ~jadjcjnedr c}dbm|~ gc

Jdbgdm~je~ `mehr` l}bamr rg lgr` jdch}mdnm r`mj| {ghjnz edb {|enrjnm edb cjdb ehhjm~ rg jdch}mdnm qjbm|agsm|domdr$


37/57

>1

1$\mngoomdber jgd~ cg| amdbm| edb `}oed |ja`r ~oejd~r|meojda

1$5$ Bmsmhg{ {|ga|eooerjn a}jbmhjdm~ cg| jdrm|derjgdeh bgdg|~DEN j~ jd e {g~jrjgd rg jdch}mdnm e d}olm| gc e|me~ eh|mebz6 jdrm|derjgdeh bgdg|~ èsm ed mdg|og}~ jo{enr gd

qèr è{{md~ {|ga|eooerjnehhz jd Jdbgdm~je e~ r`mz bjnrerm r`m c}dbjda edb jdbjnerg|~ rèr enngo{edz r`mo$

DEN ned {|gogrm a}jbmhjdm~ rg |mu}m~r c|go oefg| jdrm|derjgdeh bgdg|~ e `ghj~rjn amdbm| edb |ja`r~ e{{|gen`

edb |mb|m~~ j~~}m~ ~}n` e~ r`m heni gc jdbjnerg|~ gd cmoehm jdfmnrjda b|}a }~m|~$ Jo{g|redrhz DEN ned eh~g

~r|gdahz |mu}m~r rèr jdrm|derjgdeh bgdg|~ {|gsjbm ne{enjrz bmsmhg{omdr |m~g}|nm~ rg r`mj| Jdbgdm~jed {e|rdm|~

rg bm~jad edb jo{hmomdr amdbm| edb |ja`r~ ~md~jrjsm e{{|gen`m~ jdnh}bjda oejd~r|meojda$ DEN ned }~m r`m

jdr|gb}nrjgd gc r`m~m a}jbmhjdm~ rg nèhhmdam jdrm|derjgdeh bgdg|~ gd r`mj| |erjgdehm edb f}~rjcjnerjgd cg| mpnh}bjda

cmoehm jdfmnrjda b|}a }~m|~ edb {|gogrjda oehm ngdbgo~ eogda cmoehm ~mp qg|im|~ qjr`g}r re|amrjda oehm

nhjmdr~$

1$$ [|gogrm amdbm| mu}ehjrzAmdbm| jdjrjerjsm~ ~`g}hb reim e |ja`r~ e{{|gen` edb {|gogrm r`m mu}eh |ja`r~ gc lgr` omd edb qgomd$ DEN j~

jd ed jdch}mdrjeh {g~jrjgd eogda agsm|domdr edb njsjh ~gnjmrz rg md~}|m rèr r`m amdbm| eamdbe eogda @JS

enrg|~ j~ {|jg|jrj~mb qjr` r`m ejo gc mo{gqm|jda qgomd edb ebsednjda r`mj| ~rer}~ jd ~gnjmrz$ $

1$2$ Dmagrjerm qjr` jdrm|derjgdeh eamdnjm~ cg| rmn`djneh jd{}rJdrm|derjgdeh eamdnjm~ jdnh}bjda ]D eamdnjm~ e|m sm|z o}n` jdsghsmb jd Jdbgdm~je~ @JS |m~{gd~m ehhgqjda

g{{g|r}djrjm~ cg| DEN rg bmsmhg{ e ~r|ermaz rg dmagrjerm gdagjda rmn`djneh jd{}r (j$m$ ~recc {henmomdr~* c|go r`m

|edam gc ]D edb jdrm|derjgdeh eamdnjm~ rg ~}{{g|r lgr` jr~ oejd~r|meojda {|gnm~~ edb ~{mnjcjn jdjrjerjsm~ lmjdajdr|gb}nmb$ Jo{g|redrhz edz rmn`djneh jd{}r jo{hmomdrmb ~`g}hb eh~g èsm e |mojr rg l}jhb r`m ne{enjrz gc DEN

~recc gd ed gdagjda le~j~ ~g rèr hme|djda j~ mpnèdamb |er`m| rèd hmesm~ qjr` r`m mdb gc ed mprm|deh ~recc~

{henmomdr$

1$=$ L}jhb nghhelg|erjsm |mherjgd~`j{~ qjr` edb lmrqmmd njsjh ~gnjmrz\mherjgd~`j{~ e|m eh|mebz lmjda l}jhr lmrqmmd DEN edb njsjh ~gnjmrz$ DEN {|gsjbm~ gccjnm ~{enm cg| e d}olm| gc

{g~jrjsm dmrqg|i~ edb njsjh ~gnjmrz |m{|m~mdrerjsm~ e|m omolm|~ gc qg|ijda a|g}{~ (~}n` e~ r`m qg|ijda a|g}{

gd amdbm| |ja`r~ edb @JS*$ @gqmsm| r`m|m e|m oedz og|m e|me~ gc qg|i q`jn` DEN ng}hb ne{jrehj~m gd rg

c}|r`m| l}jhb nghhelg|erjsm |mherjgd~`j{~ qjr` DAG~ edb ~jojhe|hz mdng}|eam {|gsjdnjeh edb bj~r|jnr hmsmh EJB^

ngooj~~jgd~ rg reim e og|m {e|rdm|~`j{ {m|~{mnrjsm qjr` njsjh ~gnjmrz$ Cg| mpeo{hm r`m amdbm| edb `}oed|ja`r~ qg|ijda a|g}{ er derjgdeh hmsmh q`jn` jdnh}bm~ lgr` agsm|domdr ~mnrg| edb njsjh ~gnjmrz |m{|m~mdrerjsm~

ng}hb lm {|g{g~mb e~ e ogbmh cg| ~jojhe| nghhelg|erjgd er {|gsjdnjeh edb bj~r|jnr~ hmsmh~ rg ~rjo}herm ngg{m|erjgd


38/57

>0

bjehga}m edb enrjgd$ R`m {ghjnz edb {|ga|eoom bmsmhg{omdr {|gnm~~m~ e|m imz e|me~ q`m|m njsjh ~gnjmrz jd{}r

ng}hb a|merhz mdèdnm r`m u}ehjrz gc r`m ngdrmdr edb jdn|me~m njsjh ~gnjmrz~ edehz~j~ ne{enjrz$ R`m~m ijdb~ gc

{|gnm~~m~ eh~g {|gsjbm g{{g|r}djrjm~ cg| DEN rg cenjhjrerm nghhelg|erjsm qg|ijda lmrqmmd dgd/agsm|domdreh

g|aedj~erjgd~ q`jn` e|m n}||mdrhz ~gomqèr c|enr}|mb lz jdsjrjda fgjdr ~}loj~~jgd~ edb |m~{gd~m~ gd {e|rjn}he|

{ghjnjm~ g| j~~}m~$ Jdn|me~mb nghhelg|erjgd ng}hb {|gsjbm g{{g|r}djrjm~ cg| og|m `ghj~rjn |m~{gd~m~ rg lm

bmsmhg{mb edb cg| fgjdr ebsgnenz jdjrjerjsm~ rg nèhhmdam edb }{berm derjgdeh {ghjnz edb hmaj~herjgd en|g~~

agsm|domdr ojdj~r|jm~$

1$3$ Bmsmhg{ {|enrjneh rggh~ rg jo{hmomdr oejd~r|meojdaEhgda~jbm |ghhjda g}r oejd~r|meojda r|ejdjda eogda r`m g|aedj~erjgd DEN eh~g dmmb~ rg bmsmhg{ jr~ gqd

ojdjo}o ~redbe|b~ edb rggh~ rg a}jbm ~recc jd r`m jo{hmomdrerjgd gc amdbm| edb |ja`r~ ~md~jrjsm e{{|gen`m~$

R`m~m bg dgr dmnm~~e|jhz dmmb rg lm bmsmhg{mb jd j~gherjgd r`m|m e|m eh|mebz oedz |m~g}|nm~ rèr ned lm

mccmnrjsmhz rejhg|mb rg Jdbgdm~je~ ngdrmpr$ Mu}ehhz r`m oejd~r|meojda ~r|ermaz ~`g}hb zjmhb |m~g}|nm~ rèr ned

ngo{hmomdr r`m r|ejdjda rg ~}{{g|r ~recc ~}l~mu}mdrhz e~ r`mz jo{hmomdr r`mj| hme|djda$ Qèrmsm| r`m {|mcm||mb

rggh~ DEN ~`g}hb nhme|hz bm~jaderm g| mdbg|~m {e|rjn}he| |m~g}|nm~ rg ajsm a}jbednm gd qèr jr |mu}j|m~ gc jr~

~recc edb gc r`m {|gsjdnjeh edb bj~r|jnr hmsmh ngooj~~jgd~$

1$1$ [|gogrm ngdnm{r}eh }dbm|~redbjda~ gc @JS( amdbm| edb |ja`r~[e|r gc r`m {|gnm~~ gc oejd~r|meojda j~ rg edehz~m r`m jo{hjnerjgd~ gc amdbm| edb |ja`r~ gd @JS s}hdm|eljhjrz edb

sjnm sm|~e$ R`j~ qjhh jdmsjrelhz l|jda rg hja`r e qjbm |edam gc j~~}m~ rèr ngddmnr edb èsm |mhmsednm cg| DEN r`m

gr`m| agsm|domdr bm{e|romdr~ edb njsjh ~gnjmrz$ J~~}m~ ~{mnjcjn rg Jdbgdm~je jdnh}bm r`m jdrm|deh oja|erjgd gc

~mp edb oed}cenr}|m qg|im|~ jdbjamdg}~ errjr}bm~ edb ~mp}eh lmèsjg}|~ eogda jr~ oedz j~hedb~ hgneh ne~rm

edb hmebm|~`j{ ~z~rmo~ mrn$ E~ e {ghjnz g|aedj~erjgd DEN ned l|jda r`m~m j~~}m~ rg `ja`m| {|gojdmdnm lz

{}lhj~`jda l|jmcjda g| bj~n}~~jgd {e{m|~ (lz jr~ gqd ~recc njsjh ~gnjmrz g|aedj~erjgd~ gr`m| agsm|domdr

bm{e|romdr~ edb |m~me|n` jd~rjr}rjgd~* gd e |ma}he| le~j~ rg jdn|me~m }dbm|~redbjda gc r`m ngo{hmpjrjm~ gc @JS

amdbm| edb |ja`r~ lmzgdb r`m nhjdjneh e{{|gen`m~$

1$0$ Jdn|me~m ~r|ermajn ebsgnenz qjr` ojdj~r|jm~ edb njsjh ~gnjmrzDEN~ ngg|bjderjda |ghm {|gsjbm~ jr qjr` ed g{{g|r}djrz rg bj|mnrhz jdch}mdnm 52 agsm|domdr bm{e|romdr~$ Jr

eh|mebz l|jda~ e d}olm| gc r`m ojdj~r|jm~ rgamr`m| jd r`m qg|ijda a|g}{ gd @JS amdbm| edb `}oed |ja`r~ edb

DEN {e|rjnj{erm~ jd ~mhmnrmb {|gnm~~m~ gc gr`m| agsm|domdr bm{e|romdr~ ~}n` e~ r`m bmsmhg{omdr gc r`m

de|ngrjn~ ljhh$ Ajsmd rèr DEN è~ ~}n` e qjbm |edam gc |m~{gd~jljhjrjm~ eh|mebz jr oez lmdmcjr c|go bmsmhg{jda

ed ebsgnenz ~r|ermaz jd g|bm| rg {|jg|jrjvm mdaeamomdr qjr` ojdj~r|jm~'bm{e|romdr~$ DEN ned jdn|me~m

}dbm|~redbjda gc @JS en|g~~ agsm|domdr lz jdjrjerjda ~jojhe| g| jdbjsjb}eh nghhelg|erjsm {|gnm~~m~ qjr` ~mhmnrmb

ojdj~r|jm~$ Mccmnrjsm ebsgnenz ~r|ermajm~ ng}hb jdnh}bm {e|rdm|jda qjr` e bjccm|mdr ojdj~r|z cg| men` Qg|hb EJB^

Bez bmsmhg{jda ~{mnjcjn fgjdr {|gfmnr~ ~}n` e~ r`m a}jbednm lggihmr cg| r`m {ghjnm cg|nm edb jdsjrjda ojdj~r|jm~ rg

qg|i qjr` DEN bg bmsmhg{ ngdnm{r {e{m|~ (~mm |mngoomdberjgd 1*$ Jdjrjerjsm~ rèr reim e {e|rdm|~ j{ e{{|gen`ned `ja`hja`r r`m o}r}eh jdrm|m~r~ gc r`m {e|rjn}he| ojdj~r|z edb DEN$

DEN ned eh~g qg|i qjr` mccmnrjsmhz qjr` njsjh ~gnjmrz bj|mnrhz edb lz jdjrjerjda {|gnm~~m~ rg hjdi njsjh ~gnjmrz qjr`

gr`m| agsm|domdr bm{e|romdr~ rg bj~n}~~ ~gom gc r`m hmaj~herjgd n|merm~ nèhhmdam~ cg| |m~{gdbjda rg r`m |ja`r~

gc oe|ajdehj~mb a|g}{~ ~}n` e~ r`m hgqm| ~rer}~ gc qgomd edb r`m nermag|j~erjgd gc qe|je e~ omdrehhz jhh$ Jd

g|bm| rg bg r`j~ DEN oez dmmb rg hggi g}r~jbm gc jr~ }~}eh ehhjm~ jd r`m @JS ~mnrg| rg r`g~m e~{mnr~ gc ~gnjmrz rèr

èsm mp{m|rj~m edb r|eni |mng|b~ jd `}oed |ja`r~ edb omdreh `mehr` cg| mpeo{hm$


39/57

>:

Eddmp 56 \msjmq gc r `m derjgdeh @JS edb EJ B^ ~r|ermajn {hed ($ C}r}|m R|mdb~ Jd ebbjrjgd rg r`m c}r}|m r|mdb~ gc r`m q`ghm {g{}herjgd edb ~mhmnrmb ~}la|g}{~ (m$a$

jdfmnrjda b|}a }~m|~* q`er e|m r`m c}r}|m r|mdb~ |mhermb rg oehm cmoehm edb

r|ed~amdbm| {g{}herjgd~ gc se|zjda eam~7

@gq e|m ne}~erjsm cenrg|~ (m$a$ r|meromdr ~}nnm~~* mpenm|lermb lz amdbm| jdmu}ehjrz g|

bjccm|mdnm~7

5$


40/57

2;

Mngdgoz r`m ng{jda omnèdj~o~ rèr omd edb qgomd mo{hgz edb bg r`mz bj|mnrhz g| jdbj|mnrhz

jdn|me~m r`mj| s}hdm|eljhjrz rg @JS jdcmnrjgd edb'g| r|ed~oj~~jgd7

@gq bg qg|i {errm|d~ (jdnh}bjda r|esmhhjda cg| qg|i edb `ja`hz {ejb qg|i* jo{enr gd

qgomd edb omd edb bg r`m~m jdn|me~m s}hdm|eljhjrz rg @JS jdcmnrjgd edb'g|

r|ed~oj~~jgd7

5$$ \m~{gd~m rg @JS edb EJB^ @esm r`m|m lmmd edz amdbm|/|mhermb jdjrjerjsm~ (amdbm| r|ejdjda oejd~r|meojda

edehz~j~* jd {|msjg}~ {|ga|eoom~7 Qèr qm|m r`m ~}nnm~~m~ edb nèhhmdam~7

5$2$ ^jadjcjnedr j~~}m~ @gq j~ amdbm| jdmu}ehjrz e b|jsm| gc r`m @JS m{jbmojn jd Jdbgdm~je7

J~ r`m|m amdbm| mu}ehjrz jd ~m|sjnm~ {|gsjbmb rg jdfmnrjda b|}a }~m|~ ~mp qg|im|~ edb

{|j~gdm|~ g| jdmu}ehjrz jd ennm~~ rg ~m|sjnm~7

5$2$5$ Jdn|me~m jd d}olm| gc

jdfmnrjda b|}a }~m|~

@gq bg amdbm| jdmu}ehjrjm~ jdfmnrjda b|}a }~m edb ~mp qg|i jdrm|enr7

5$2$$ ]d~ecm ~mp Qèr le||jm|~ rg ~mp}eh `mehr` jdcg|oerjgd edb ~m|sjnm~ mpj~r cg|6 omd qgomd omd

q`g èsm ~mp qjr` omd oehm edb cmoehm ~mp qg|im|~ oehm edb cmoehm jdfmnrjda b|}a

}~m|~ edb oehm edb cmoehm {|j~gdm|~7

5$2$2$ [g{}herjgd Ogljhjrz @gq e|m omd~ edb qgomd~ s}hdm|eljhjrjm~ rg @JS jdcmnrjgd jdn|me~mb r`|g}a` oja|erjgd

(qjr`jd edb mprm|dehhz rg* Jdbgdm~je bjccm|mdr7

Qèr ~m|sjnm~ e|m re|amrmb er oja|edr qg|im|~ gc bjccm|mdr amdbm|~7

@gq ned r`mz lm ~}{{g|rmb qjr` jdcg|oerjgd edb ~m|sjnm~ lmcg|m b}|jda edb ecrm| r`mj|

ogsmomdr cg| qg|i7

5$2$=$ N`jhb|md jdcmnrmb g| eccmnrmb

lz @JS edb EJB^

E|m lgz~ edb aj|h~ mu}ehhz s}hdm|elhm rg ~mp}eh mp{hgjrerjgd edb qèr |ghm~ rg omd edb

qgomd {hez jd cenjhjrerjda g| {m|{mr|erjda el}~m7 Qèr e|m r`m ngdr|jl}rjda cenrg|~ edb

jo{enr~ gc ~mp}eh mp{hgjrerjgd jd |mherjgd rg amdbm| jdmu}ehjrz7

5$=$ Nèhhmdam~

5$=$5$ ^gnjeh Lmèsjg| edb Dg|o~ @gq bg amdbm| mp{mnrerjgd~ edb |ghm~ jo{enr gd r`m r|ed~oj~~jgd gc @JS (jdnh}bjda

lmèsjg}| edb bmnj~jgd oeijda*7 Qèr n}||mdr ngdnm{r~ gc oe~n}hjdjrz edb cmojdjdjrz

jdn|me~m qgomd~ edb omd~ s}hdm|eljhjrz rg @JS jdcmnrjgd'r|ed~oj~~jgd7

@gq bg amdbm| mp{mnrerjgd~ `jdbm| qgomd edb omd c|go mu}ehjrz jd |mherjgd~`j{~ gd

j~~}m~ rèr jdn|me~m s}hdm|eljhjrz rg @JS jdcmnrjgd edb gr`m| ne}~erjsm'hjdimb cenrg|~

~}n` e~ sjghmdnm ~}l~rednm }~m {gsm|rz hgq ngoo}djnerjgd gd ~mp}eh `mehr` oerrm|~

mrn$7

5$=$$ [ghjnz edb [|ga|eo

Bmsmhg{omdr

Qèr ~rm{~ e|m dmmb rg jo{|gsm r`m nghhmnrjgd (edb {}lhjnerjgd* gc eam edb amdbm|

bj~eaa|maermb bere7

@gq ned r`m derjgdeh {hed cenjhjrerm edb md~}|m l}bamre|z ehhgnerjgd rg amdbm| ne{enjrz

l}jhbjda eogda ~recc$ @gq ned eamdnjm~ ngg|bjdermb lz r`m DEN ogdjrg| r`mj| amdbm|


41/57

25

|m~{gd~m7

Qèr hmaeh c|eomqg|i~ mpj~r rèr ned jdn|me~m amdbm| mu}ehjrz edb `gq e|m r`mz lmjda

jo{hmomdrmb edb ogdjrg|mb7 Qèr c}|r`m| {ghjnjm~ edb hmaj~herjgd e|m |mu}j|mb rg

md~}|m r`m |ja`r~ edb mu}eh r|meromdr gc qgomd edb omd7

5$=$2$ Ommrjda r`m dmmb~ gcrmmdeam|~ edb zg}da {mg{hm

Qèr e|m r`m bjccm|mdr nèhhmdam~ cenmb lz zg}da qgomd edb omd' oehm edb cmoehmrmmdeam|~7 E|m r`mz mu}ehhz er |j~i gc lmjda mp{g~mb rg @JS jdcmnrjgd r`|g}a` ~mp

edb'g| jdfmnrjda b|}a }~m7

Qèr e|m r`m bjccm|mdr {|m~~}|m~ edb mp{mnrerjgd~ cenjda zg}da omd edb qgomd7

Qèr e|m r`m le||jm|~ rg oehm edb cmoehm rmmdeam|~ ennm~~jda ~mp}eh mehr` jdcg|oerjgd

edb ~m|sjnm~7

@gq bgm~ r`m mb}nerjgd ~mnrg| ebb|m~~ r`m bjccm|mdr edb ~jojhe| dmmb~ gc zg}da eb}hr~7

Qèr |m~{gd~m~ ned ennm~~ zg}da eb}hr~ q`g e|m dgr jd c}hh rjom mb}nerjgd7

5$=$=$ [e|rjn}he| \j~i~ cenmb lz

Aj|h~

Q`z e|m aj|h~ og|m s}hdm|elhm rg mp{hgjrerjgd7

Qèr ijdb~ gc mp{hgjrerjgd e|m lgz~ s}hdm|elhm rg7

@gq {|msehmdr j~ el}~m g| mp{hgjrerjgd gc aj|h~ edb lgz~7 @gq ned `mehr` edb hmaeh

~m|sjnm~ edb {|ga|eoom~ `mh{ lgz~ aj|h~ edb qgomd (edb omd* q`g e|m ~}|sjsg|~ gc

~mp}eh mp{hgjrerjgd edb'g| sjghmdnm7

Qèr {|ga|eoom~'hmaehj~erjgd ned |mb}nm'{|msmdr sjghmdnm lz omd (edb qgomd*

{|grmnr edb ~}{{g|r r`g~m q`g e|m s}hdm|elhm edb `ghb r`g~m q`g {m|{mr|erm jr rg

enng}dr7

Qèr e|m r`m |ghm~ gc agsm|domdr r`m {ghjnm edb r`m qjbm| ngoo}djrz7

5$=$3$ Dmmb cg| mp{edbmb ne|mr|meromdr edb ~}{{g|r

Qèr e|m r`m {e|rjn}he| le||jm|~ rg omd edb qgomd ennm~~jda @JS |mhermb r|meromdredb ne|m7

Q`g oeim~ bmnj~jgd~ er `g}~m`ghb hmsmh elg}r `mehr`ne|m j~~}m~ edb `gq bgm~ r`j~

jo{enr gd qgomd edb omd jd r`m `g}~m`ghb7

Bg qgomd edb omd èsm bjccm|mdr mp{m|jmdnm~ q`md r`mz ennm~~ r|meromdr edb ne|m

e|m `mehr` ~recc }dlje~mb rgqe|b~ qgomd omd edb r|ed~amdbm|mb {mg{hm7 J~

ngdcjbmdrjehjrz }{`mhb7

E|m qgomd edb omd ~}{{g|rmb rg errmdb e{{gjdromdr~ rgamr`m| jdnh}bjda cg|

edrmdereh ne|m7

5$=$1$ ^rjaoe edb bj~n|jojderjgd Bg qgomd edb omd hjsjda qjr` @JS mp{m|jmdnm bjccm|mdr rz{m~ gc hmsmh~ gc ~rjaoerj~erjgd

edb bj~n|jojderjgd jd r`m gom qg|i{henm mehr` ~z~rmo f}bjnjeh ~z~rmo edb r`m qjbm|

ngoo}djrz7

5$=$0$ Bmnmdr|ehjverjgd edb Hgneh

E}rgdgoz

@gq ned amdbm| ~md~jrj~erjgd lm oejd~r|meomb r`|g}a`g}r r`m bmnmdr|ehj~mb hgneh

agsm|domdr ~z~rmo7

Nè{rm| JJ$ Derjgdeh @JS edb EJB^

\m~{gd~m r|ermajm~


42/57

2

EJB^ |m~{gd~m er lgr` r m nmdrm|

edb jd r`m {|gsjdnm~ r`|g}a`

ngdrjd}jda mb}nerjgd edb r|ejdjda

{|gsjbjda e ngo{|m`md~jsmhz amdbm|/~md~jrjsm |m~{gd~m7

@gq ned r|ejdjda ~redbe|b~ jdng|{g|erm amdbm| ~md~jrjsjrz edb r`m {|gogrjgd gc amdbm|

mu}jrz7

$=$ Jdn|me~jda |m~me|n` edb

~}|smz mccg|r~ ~g e~ rg glrejdenn}|erm bere gd r`m {|ga|m~~ gc

r`m @JS edb EJB^ |m~{gd~m edb

{|msmdrjgd mccg|r

@gq ned bere nghhmnrjgd ~}|smz bm~jad edb ngoogd jdbjnerg|~ md~}|m rèr r`m jo{enr~

gc @JS gd qgomd edb omd e|m |mng|bmb edb }~mb cg| {ghjnz edb {|ga|eoombmsmhg{omdr7

$3$ Jo{|gsjda derjgdeh @JS edb

EJB^ ogdjrg|jda ne{enjrz

@gq qjhh jo{|gsjda derjgdeh @JS edb EJB^ ogdjrg|jda jdnh}bm amdbm| edehz~j~7

$1$ Ogljhjvjda |m~g}|nm~ edb

è|ogdjvjda r`mj| }~m er ehh hmsmh~

@gq qjhh r`m ogljhj~erjgd edb è|ogdj~erjgd gc |m~g}|nm~ ngdr|jl}rm rg amdbm| mu}ehjrz

jd @JS {|ga|eoom~7

$5$ [|msmdrjgd

>$5$5$ Glfmnrjsm

>$5$$5$


44/57

22

omd edb qgomd7

>$5$$5$$5$$5$$5$$5$$5$$$$


45/57

2=

>$$$>$5$ Glfmnrjsm~ @gq bgm~ amdbm| mu}jrz |mherm rg r`m glfmnrjsm~7

>$>$$>$$>$$$ [|ga|eo rg mp{edb

~}|smjhhednm gc ~mp}ehhz r|ed~ojrrmb

jdcmnrjgd~

@gq qjhh ~}|smjhhednm mp{ed~jgd gc ^RJ~ ome~}|m r`m jo{enr~ gc lmèsjg}| nèdam edb

ngdbgo }~m eogda qgomd omd edb r|ed~amdbm|mb {mg{hm7

>$>$$>$$>$$2$ G{m|erjgdeh \m~me|n` @gq qjhh |m~me|n`m|~ lm ~md~jrj~mb edb r|ejdmb jd amdbm| j~~}m~7

Qèr bj|mnrjsm~ edb oedberm~ qjhh md~}|m rèr ehh c}r}|m |m~me|n` j~ e{{|gen`mb qjr` e

amdbm| edehz~j~7

@gq qjhh r`m nerehga}jda gc |m~me|n` rg berm lm edehz~mb jd rm|o~ gc r`mj| amdbm|

e{{|gen`7

>$2$5$ Glfmnrjsm~ @gq bgm~ amdbm| mu}jrz |mherm rg r`m glfmnrjsm~7

>$2$5$5$ G{m|erjgdeh |m~me|n`

[|ga|eo

@gq qjhh ~r}bjm~ edb ~}|smz~ |msmeh r`m jd/bm{r` |m~me|n` dmmbmb rg }dbm|~redb amdbm|

j~~}m~ |mherjda rg @JS7

>$2$5$


46/57

23

|m~j~rednm |m~me|n` {|ga|eo bjccm|mdr edb ~jojhe| mdelhjda cenrg|~ edb le||jm|~ rg omd qgomd edb r|ed~amdbm|mb

{mg{hm ~}~rejdjda r|meromdr7

>$2$5$>$ R|ebjrjgdeh ombjnerjgd~

|m~me|n` {|ga|eo

J~ idgqhmbam gc r|ebjrjgdeh ombjnjdm `mhb lz lgr` omd edb qgomd edb `gq ned r`j~

idgqhmbam lm ennm~~mb7

>$2$5$2$ [|ga|eo cg| r`m ~r}bz gc

r`m ~gnjeh mngdgojn edb n}hr}|eh

jo{enr~ gc @JS edb EJB^

@gq qjhh r`m ~gnjeh mngdgojn edb n}hr}|eh jo{enr~ gd {mg{hm gc bjccm|mdr amdbm|~ lm

|m~me|n`mb cg| ebsgnenz edb ~}{{g|rjda {mg{hm hjsjda qjr` @JS7

>$2$5$=$ M{jbmojghgajneh edb

Lmèsjg|eh \m~me|n`

@gq qjhh m{jbmojghgajneh edb lmèsjg}|eh |m~me|n` {|jg|jrj~m e amdbm|/~md~jrjsm

e{{|gen`7

>$=$ Ngdb}njsm Mdsj|gdomdr @gq qjhh bmsmhg{jda e ngdb}njsm mdsj|gdomdr cenjhjrerm amdbm| mu}jrz7

Rg qèr mprmdr j~ amdbm| mu}jrz e {|m/|mu}j~jrm g| dmnm~~e|z ngo{gdmdr cg| en`jmsjda e

ngdb}njsm mdsj|gdomdr edb md~}|jda r`m hjlm|rjm~ edb |ja`r~ gc {mg{hm hjsjda qjr` @JS7

>$=$5$ Glfmnrjsm~ Rg qèr mprmdr qjhh jdnh}bjda amdbm| mu}jrz jd r`m jo{|gsmomdr gc heq~ edb |ma}herjgd~

`mh{ en`jmsm e ngdb}njsm mdsj|gdomdr7

>$=$$=$$=$$=$$3$ O}hrj{e|rz ngg|bjderjgd edb

è|ogdjverjgd

Rg qèr mprmdr e|m amdbm| j~~}m~ |mhermb rg `ja`hz ngo{hmp ~gnjeh {|glhmo~7

@gq ned r`m agsm|domdr reim e hmebjda |ghm jd ebb|m~~jda amdbm| j~~}m~ edb jdmu}jrz7

>$3$5$ Glfmnrjsm~ Rg qèr mprmdr ned r`m DEN }~m jr~ ngg|bjderjgd |ghm rg md~}|m rèr amdbm| j~~}m~ e|m

ebb|m~~mb lz ehh ~reim`ghbm|~7

>$3$$3$$3$$1$ ^}~rejdeljhjrz @gq ned md~}|jda e amdbm|/~md~jrjsm e{{|gen` ngdr|jl}rm rg r`m ~}~rejdeljhjrz gc

Jdbgdm~je~ @JS {|msmdrjgd |m~{gd~m7


47/57

21

>$1$5$ Glfmnrjsm~ @gq qjhh ngoojromdr rg ebb|m~~jda amdbm| j~~}m~ jdnh}bjda jdn|me~jda amdbm| mu}jrz lm

aejdmb eogda r`m hmebm|~ gc {ghjrjneh {e|rjm~ edb njsjh ~gnjmrz g|aedj~erjgd~7

>$1$$1$$1$$1$


48/57

20

2$0$ Njsjh ~gnjmrz

2$0$5$ DAG~ Rg qèr mprmdr j~ amdbm| oejd~r|meojda jd @JS qg|i e {|jg|jrz cg| DAG~ edb j~ msjbmdr

jd r`mj| {ghjnjm~ edb {|ga|eoojda7 Qèr hm~~gd~ gd amdbm| oejd~r|meojda ned DAG~

~è|m eogda r`mo~mhsm~ edb qjr` DEN rg cenjhjrerm ne{enjrz l}jhbjda7

2$0$$ [|gcm~~jgdeh~ [|gcm~~jgdeh

G|aedjverjgd~ edb Jd~rjr}rm~ gc

@ja`m| Mb}nerjgd

Rg qèr mprmdr ned {|gcm~~jgdeh g|aedj~erjgd~ edb mb}nerjgdeh jd~rjr}rm~ hmeb r`m

{|gogrjgd gc amdbm| eqe|mdm~~ jd {ghjnz cg|oerjgd7 Qèr |m~g}|nm~ bg r`mz |mu}j|m rg

c}hcjh r`j~ |ghm7

2$0$2$ Ngoo}djrz Jd~rjr}rjgd~ @gq qjhh r`m eljhjrjm~ gc r`m~m jd~rjr}rjgd~ cenjhjrerm jdcg|oerjgd ~è|jda qjr` r`m {}lhjn

lm oepjoj~mb jd r`m ngdrmpr gc bj~~mojderjda amdbm| eqe|mdm~~7

2$0$=$ Ceojhz edb r`m {}lhjn er

he|am

@gq qjhh r`m ceojhz }djr edb qjbm| {}lhjn lm ~md~jrj~mb rg amdbm| j~~}m~ edb lm

ogljhj~mb rg n|merm e ngdb}njsm edb dgd/bj~n|jojderg|z mdsj|gdomdr cg| qgomd omd

edb r|ed~amdbm|mb {mg{hm eccmnrmb lz @JS7

2$0$3$ [mg{hm hjsjda qjr` @JS J~ r`m AJ[E {|jdnj{hm e{{hjmb edb en`jmsmb mu}ehhz rg {mg{hm gc bjccm|mdr amdbm|~7

Nè{rm| S$ Jdrm|derjgdeh

Ngg{m|erjgd

@gq qjhh r`m DEN {|gogrm amdbm| ~md~jrjsm e{{|gen`m~ eogda jr~ jdrm|derjgdeh

ngg{m|erjgd {e|rdm|~7 Qèr amdbm| mp{m|rj~m ned r`m derjgdeh ~r|ermaz b|eq gd rg

cenjhjrerm r`m {|gnm~~ gc e è|ogdj~mb e{{|gen` rg amdbm| oejd~r|meojda7

Nè{rm| SJ$ Jo{hmomdrerjgd gc


49/57

2:

Eddmp < 6 N`mni Hj~r Cg| J dcg|o erjgd Aer`m|jda

N`mnihj~r cg| jdcg|oerjgd aer`m|jda2:

Edehz~j~ gc r`m n}||mdr ~r|ermajn c|eomqg|i gd @JS edb EJB^

Bgm~ r`m c|eomqg|i c}hhz |mchmnr derjgdeh edb jdrm|derjgdeh ngoojromdr~ rg jdn|me~jda amdbm| mu}ehjrzedb ~rg{{jda r`m ~{|meb gc @JS7

Bgm~ r`m c|eomqg|i |mjdcg|nm mpj~rjda heq~ rèr e|m jd {henm rg ebsednm amdbm| mu}ehjrz edb mhjojdermbj~n|jojderjgd (m$a$ jd`m|jrednm {|g{m|rz mo{hgzomdr mrn$*7

J~ r`m c|eomqg|i le~mb gd e amdbm| edehz~j~ gc r`m m{jbmojn |mchmnrjda q`g j~ amrrjda jdcmnrmb g|jo{enrmb edb q`z7

Bgm~ jr enidgqhmbam amdbm| bj~{e|jrjm~ jd ennm~~ rg {|msmdrjgd r|meromdr ne|m edb ~}{{g|r edb bgm~jr oe{ ~r|ermajm~ rg ebb|m~~ r`mo7

Bgm~ jr |mngadjvm rèr {|grmnrjda qgomd~ |ja`r~ edb ebf}~rjda {gqm| jolehednm~ j~ c}dbeomdreh rgmccmnrjsm @JS ~r|ermajm~ edb enrjgd~7

Bgm~ jr gccm| {e|rjn}he| ~r|ermajm~ rg |men` qgomd jdsghsm omd edb ebb|m~~ amdbm| bzdeojn~ {|m~mdr jdehh e|me~ ngsm|mb jd r`m c|eomqg|i7 Bgm~ jr ogsm lmzgdb e cgn}~ gd jdbjsjb}eh lmèsjg}| rg }dbm|~ng|m rèr amdbm| bzdeojn~ e~ e ~gnjeh

edb n}hr}|eh ngd~r|}nr ned gcrmd oeim qgomd og|m s}hdm|elhm rg @JS7 E|m r`m|m {|gsj~jgd~ cg| bjccm|mdr a|g}{~ jdnh}bjda r`g~m rèr oez lm og|m s}hdm|elhm rg @JS b}m rg

amdbm| eam |enm mngdgojn ~redbjda g| gr`m| cenrg|~7 Bgm~ r`m c|eomqg|i ~}{{g|r mu}ehjrz jd |m{|m~mdrerjgd lz imz ~reim`ghbm|~ er se|jg}~ hmsmh~ gc r`m

|m~{gd~m rg @JS edb EJB^ jdnh}bjda r`m ~mdjg| bmnj~jgd/oeijda hmsmh7 Qm|m imz ~reim`ghbm|~ {e|rjn}he|hz r`g~m c|go dmrqg|i~ gc qgomd hjsjda qjr` @JS derjgdeh ojdj~r|jm~

re~imb qjr` ebb|m~~jda amdbm| mu}ehjrz edb qgomd~ |ja`r~ edb a|g}{~ qg|ijda gd qgomd~ |ja`r~ edbamdbm| mu}ehjrz jdsghsmb jd {heddjda cg|o}herjda jo{hmomdrjda edb ogdjrg|jda r`m c|eomqg|i7

E|m r`m|m gl~renhm~ rèr `jdbm| qgomd~ {e|rjnj{erjgd7 Qèr ~rm{~ ned lm reimd rg md~}|m r`mj| |ma}he|jdsghsmomdr jd |msjmq~ edb ogdjrg|jda gc r`m c|eomqg|i7

Bgm~ r`m c|eomqg|i ~}{{g|r r`m jdnh}~jgd gc amdbm| mp{m|rj~m qjr`jd r`m derjgdeh @JS'EJB^ ngg|bjderjdaedb g{m|erjgdeh lgbjm~ edb @JS mp{m|rj~m qjr`jd r`m derjgdeh omnèdj~o(~* cg| qgomd edb amdbm|mu}ehjrz7 Bgm~ r`m c|eomqg|i md~}|m r`m jdsghsmomdr gc amdbm| mu}ehjrz ebsgnerm~ jd r`m bmsmhg{omdrgc ogdjrg|jda edb mseh}erjgd ~r|ermajm~7

E|m mpj~rjda ~rerj~rjneh |m~me|n` edb bere aer`m|jda omnèdj~o~ amdbm|/~md~jrjsm edb bg r`mzjdng|{g|erm msjbmdnm edb bere {|gsjbmb lz qgomd~ a|g}{~ amdbm| ebsgnerm~ edb ngoo}djrz/le~mb|m~me|n`m|~7

Agsm|domdr g|aedj~erjgd~

Qèr `}oed |ja`r~ edb amdbm| {ghjnjm~ edb {|ga|eoom~ bg zg} jo{hmomdr7 Qèr e|m r`m oefg| nèhhmdam~ (n}hr}|eh hmaeh cjdednjeh* jd |mherjgd rg `}oed |ja`r~ edb amdbm|7 @gq èsm bgdg|~ edb agsm|domdr mp{|m~~mb r`mj| amdbm| ~md~jrjsjrjm~ |mae|bjda @JS edb EJB^7 @e~ r`m|m lmmd edz nèdam jd zg}| Amdbm| {ghjnz jd {e~r7 Qèr nèdam~ zg} èsm ~mmd jd zg}| {ghjnzedb {|ga|eoom c|go amdbm| {gjdr gc sjmq (~ez jd he~r r`|mm zme|~ {m|jgb* Qèr amdbm| {ghjnjm~ e{{hz jdrm|dehhz7 (j$m$ `}oed |m~g}|nm {ghjnjm~ l}bamr ehhgnerjgd edb {|ga|eoom

{ghjnjm~* J~ r`m|m e amdbm| lehednm eogda ~recc er bjccm|mdr hmsmh~ edb jd bjccm|mdr e|me~7 Qèr hmsmh gc mp{m|rj~m bg ~recc èsm7 Qèr e||edamomdr~ cg| amdbm| ne{enjrz l}jhbjda e|m r`m|m7 (m$a$

amdbm| oejd~r|meojda r|ejdjda |m~g}|nm~ edb a}jbmhjdm~* @gq r`m n}||mdr @JS edb EJB^ |m~me|n`m~ edb ~}|smjhhednm ~z~rmo èsm ebb|m~~mb r`m amdbm| j~~}m~7

DAG~'Bgdg|~

E|m mpj~rjda {ghjnjm~ er derjgdeh hmsmh ebmu}erm rg n|merm e amdbm| c|jmdbhz mdsj|gdomdr7 Qèr e|m r`m oefg| nèhhmdam~ (n}hr}|eh hmaeh cjdednjeh* jd |mherjgd rg `}oed |ja`r~ edb amdbm|7

2: Ebe{rmb c|go Amdbm| edb @JS edb EJB^ [ghjnz ^neddjda jd Dm{eh lz Oe`m~` ^è|oe # ^}djre ^jda` Ehhjednm Dm{eh

ngooj~~jgdmb lz ]DJCMO Dm{eh (dg berm* edb R|ed~cg|ojda r`m Derjgdeh EJB^ \m~{gd~m lz ]DJCMO


50/57

=;

@gq njsjh ~gnjmrjm~ e|m jdsghsmb jd {ghjnz oeijda {|gnm~~7 E|m r`mz ~erj~cjmb qjr` n}||mdr hmsmh gcjdsghsmomdr7 Jc dgr qèr dmmb~ rg lm bgdm7

Qèr amdbm| {ghjnjm~ e{{hz jdrm|dehhz7 (j$m$ `}oed |m~g}|nm {ghjnjm~ edb {|ga|eoom {ghjnjm~* J~ r`m|m eamdbm| lehednm eogda ~recc er bjccm|mdr hmsmh~ edb jd bjccm|mdr e|me~7

Qèr hmsmh gc mp{m|rj~m bg ~recc èsm7 Qèr e||edamomdr~ cg| amdbm| ne{enjrz l}jhbjda e|m r`m|m7 (m$a$amdbm| oejd~r|meojda r|ejdjda |m~g}|nm~ edb a}jbmhjdm~*

[mg{hm hjsjda qjr` @JS edb EJB^

Qèr {ghjnjm~ ebb|m~~jda `}oed |ja`r~ edb amdbm| jd r`m ngdrmpr gc @JS edb EJB^7 E|m r`m~m {ghjnjm~ c}hhz jo{hmomdrmb jd {|enrjnm en|g~~ r`m ng}dr|z7 Qèr e|m r`m nèhhmdam~ edb le||jm|~ rg jo{hmomdrjda `}oed |ja`r~ edb amdbm| {ghjnjm~7 @gq e|m @JS |mhermb ~m|sjnm~ jo{hmomdrmb jd rm|o~ gc `}oed |ja`r~ edb amdbm| (SNR E\R ~mp}eh

edb |m{|gb}nrjsm `mehr` è|o |mb}nrjgd mrn$*


51/57

=5

Eddmp >6 \m{g|r r g DEN gd r `m Ngd~}hr erjgd q jr ` DAG r eim`ghbm|~

Dgrm~ gc ommrjda lmr q mmd ngd~}hredr edb njsjh ~gnjmrz 5>$;


52/57

=

Eddmp 26 Hj~r gc Imz J dcg|o edr~

Agsm|domdr

Derjgdeh EJB^ Ngooj~~jgd

^mn|mre|z Amdm|eh \m~me|n` Ngg|bjderg| Jd~rjr}rjgdeh \mherjgd~ E~~j~redr Bm{}rz gc [|ga|eo~ Bm{}rz ^mn|mre|z cg| [|ga|eo Bm{}rz ^mn|mre|z cg| [|ga|eo

Ojdj~r|z gc Qgomd~ Mo{gqm|omdr

E~~j~redr Bm{}rz cg| Qgomd~ @mehr`

@meb gc Ebsgnenz edb Cenjhjrerjgd gc Qgomd~ @mehr`

\m~me|n` Jd~rjr}rm~

]djsm|~jrz gc Jdbgdm~je Amdbm| ^r}bjm~ [g~r A|eb}erm [|ga|eo Bj|mnrg|

Njsjh ^gnjmrz (jdnh}bjda dmrqg|i~ gc ~mp qg|im|~ qe|je O^O jdfmnrjda b|}a }~m|~ edb omd edb qgomd hjsjda

qjr` @JS*

FGR@J (Jdbgdm~jed Dmrqg|i gc [mg{hm Hjsjda qjr` @JS edb EJB^* J[[J (Jdbgdm~jed [g~jrjsm Qgomd!~ Dmrqg|i* [L@J (Jdbgdm~jed E~~gnjerjgd gc Hmaeh Ejb edb @}oed \ja`r~* E|}~ [mhedaj (HALR |ja`r~ g|aedj~erjgd* ^RJAOE Cg}dberjgd (@e|o |mb}nrjgd g|aedj~erjgd* CG\IGD (B|}a }~m|~ a|g}{* G[^J [ILJ/BIJ ([m|i}o{}hed Imh}e|ae Lm|mdnede Jdbgdm~je* I[J (Jdbgdm~jed Qgomd Ngehjrjgd* G}| Sgjnm (^mp qg|im|~ dmrqg|i* AQH/JDE

\m~g}|nm~

Ebbjrjgdeh |m~g}|nm~ gd oejd~r|meojda amdbm| jdrg @JS {|ga|eoom~ edb {ghjnjm~ qm|m ngd~}hrmb {|jg| edb

b}|jda r`m {|gnm~~6

Jdbm{mdbmdr \m{g|r gc DAG~ Ngdnm|djda r`m Jo{hmomdrerjgd gc NMBEQ


54/57

=2

Oejd~r|meojda amdbm| mu}ehjrz jdrg derjgdeh |m~{gd~m rg @JS edb EJB^6 Djam|jed ne~m ~r}bz ]DJCMODjam|je


55/57

==

Eddmp = 6 Bere c |go DEN amdbm| e}bjr gc derjgdeh edb {|gsjdnjeh EJ B^

ngooj~~jgd~

J drm|der jgdeh ngdsmdrjgd~ edb ea|mmomdr ~

Ngdsmdrjgd gd r `m Mhjoj derjgd Gc Ehh Cg|o~

Bj~n|jojderjgd Eaejd~r Qgomd (NMBEQ* 5:1:

Idgq Sea}mhz idgq Bgdr idgq

Derjgdeh EJB^ Ngooj~~jgd 51-


56/57

=3

]djr mb Der jgd~ Amdm|eh E~~molh z {mnjeh m~~jgdgd EJ B^ amdbm|/ ~{mnjcjn j~~}m

Idgq Sea}mhz idgq Bgdr idgq

Derjgdeh EJB^ Ngooj~~jgd >;- >;- >;-

[e{}e # Qm~r [e{}e [|gsjdnm - - =;-

Qm~r Fese [|gsjdnm :- -

Derjgdeh hmaj~herjgd edb bj|mnrjsm~

Heq Dg$ 1 ' 5:02 (NMBEQ |erjc jnerjgd* Idgq Sea}mhz idgq Bgdr idgq

Derjgdeh EJB^ Ngooj~~jgd >;- >;- >;-

[e{}e # Qm~r [e{}e [|gsjdnm


57/57

E|me~ r` er DEN dmmb~ rg {|jg| jr j~m

Derjgd eh ~recc [e{}e # Qm~r[e{}e

Qm~r Fese

R|ejdjda edb Ne{enjrz L}jhbjda >=- 5;- ;- ; =- ; 5:-

jdn|me~jda jdngom

the national hiv response of indonesia: gender and human rights review

Documents