Gender Budgeting in India(Gender Economics)

Department of Economics (Autonomous)University of Mumbai

Presented byJeevan Solaskar (140071)

Why Gender ???

Women represent 48.5% of total population in the country (as per Census 2011).

Worker population ratio female to maleRural Sector – 24.8/54.3urban sector – 14.7/54.6

64.6% women are literate as per Census 2011. India ranked 130 among 188 countries in human development report 2015 and

among BRICS nations , India was lowest ranked. Gender Inequality Index (GII) India’s rank is 130 among 155countries in the

2014 index. Women face disparities in access to and control over services and resources.

Gender and Empowerment Human development report 1995, stresses on empowerment is about

participation. Gender Empowerment includes

▪ Access to full employment and decent work

▪ Access to land, housing and other productive resources

▪ Access to financial resources

▪ Access to social protection

“macroeconomics policies impact on gender equality through

market and state interventions which distribute key economic

and financial resources and opportunities.”

Why Budget for Gender Prospective???Mainstreaming Gender and Empowering Women

Goal:Gender Equality

Strategy:Gender

Mainstreaming

Integration of women’s and men’s concern in all policies and

project

Specific activities aimed at empowering

women

Equality

Empowerment of women

What is Gender Budgeting?

“Gender budgeting is a process, who government raise and spend public money with aim of securing equality in decision making about public resources allocation; and gender in distribution of impact of government budgets, both in their benefits and in their burden. The impact of government budgets on the most disadvantaged groups of women is a focus of special attention by (International

Development Research Canter, 2001 ).”

Addressing gap and commitment of allocation Gender sensitive Mainstreaming Implementation of policy

IS NOT• A separate budget, part of union budget•Spending same on women and men•Target women and girls.•Gender responsive policies

Evolution in India

Seventh plan (1987-1992): 27 major women specific schemes identified for monitoring to access quantum of funds/ benefits flowing to women.

Eight plan: to ensure a definite flow of funds from general development sectors to women.

Ninth plan: women’s Component Plan (WCP), 30% of funds were sought to be ear-marked in ear related sector

Tenth plan: aims at tying up concepts of WCP and gender budgeting

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Eleventh plan:

“gender equity requires adequate provisions to be made in

policies and schemes across Ministries and Departments. It also

entails strict adherence to Gender Budgeting across the board.”

A gender Budget statement was introduced in Union

Budget in 2005-06 and it completed Ten years.

Gender Budgeting Approach

Gender is social concept and its budgeting means women and girls empowerment.

it is not an accounting concept Gender budgeting is an ongoing process of keeping

gender responsive formulation, implementation and timely review.

Tool to mainstreaming women and increase participation in decision making process

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Development of policies and programme for women to providing equal access and basic minimum services

To ensure provision of training, income generation activities of making all potential women economically independence

Fundamental freedom on par with men in all sphere viz. Political, economic, social, cultural etc.

Gender Budget

Statement first introduce in budget 2005-06 Two parts which are substantially meant for

the benefit of women. Part A: details scheme in which 100% provision

for women Part B: scheme where the allocation for women

constitute at least 30 of provision. In BE 2015-16, 34ministries/ Dept and 5 UT

govt have made allocation for gender budget statement.

Methodology

Study based on secondary data between 2005-06 to 2015-16.

Analysis base on comparisons between union budget allocation on various scheme.

Study entirely on secondary data collected from budget statement, annual report of Department of Women and Child Development.

Objective

To study the concept and explore the nature of gender budgeting.

To study the ongoing of gender budgeting in India.

To study various scheme specific focusing the women.

Yojna (Scheme)Ministry of Women & Child Development

Schemes of Protection & Empowerment of women1. Hostel for Working Women2. Support to Training & Empowerment3. Swadhar Greh4. National Mission for Empowerment

of Women (NMEW)5. Compensive Scheme for Combating

Trafficking of Women and Children

Nirbhaya Scheme1. Women’s helpline2. One Stop Crisis Centre3. Nirbhaya fund – Scheme on Women

Safety on Public Road Transport

Continue...Support to Autonomous Organization1.Centre Social Welfare Board2.Rashtriya Mahila Kosh3.National Commission for

WomenIntegrated Child Development Scheme1. Indira Gandhi Matritva Sahyog Yojna

(IGMSY)2. Rajiv Gandhi Scheme for Empowerment ofAdolescent Girls (SABLA)3. Innovation Work on Women & Children4. Integrated Education in NutritionRajiv Gandhi National Creche Scheme

Priyadarshini Scheme

Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS)

Year Allocation (Rs. In Cr)

2005-06 3315.252006-07 4087.542007-08 3095.852008-09 -2009-10 3955.952010-11 5133.002011-12 59002012-13 9351.502013-14 10443.002014-15 10735.052015-16 7502.192016-17 8260

2005-06

2006-07

2007-08

2008-09

2009-10

2010-11

2011-12

2012-13

2013-14

2014-15

2015-16

2016-17

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

Allocation in the year in 2005-06 is 3315.25 and it raise to 8260 in year 2016-17, in terms of percentage. But it subsequent declineto 7502.19 in 2015-16 an then again increase by 757.81 Crsin 2016-17.

Support to Training and Employment Programme (STEP)

Year Allocation2005-06 13.52006-07 13.502007-08 202008-09 372009-10 152010-11 252011-12 202012-13 202013-14 202014-15 202015-16 302016-17 30

2005-06

2006-07

2007-08

2008-09

2009-10

2010-11

2011-12

2012-13

2013-14

2014-15

2015-16

2016-17

13.5 13.5

20

37

15

2520 20 20 20

30 30

Allocation

Trend would show the allocation for scheme, just 13.5 Crs in 2005-06 And by 2016-17 it was raised to 30 cr. In last 10 years it increased only16.5 Crs rupee only.

Rashtriya Mahila KoshYear Allocation2005-06 0.012006-07 102007-08 122008-09 312009-10 202010-11 152011-12 1002012-13 1002013-14 202014-15 202015-162016-17 1

2005-06

2006-07

2007-08

2008-09

2009-10

2010-11

2011-12

2012-13

2013-14

2014-15

2015-16

2016-17

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

Allocation

Overall grant from0.01 Crs in year 2005-06 has increased significantly in the year 2011-12 and 2012-13 where 100 Crs. And due to lack of seriousness now there is very little grant to this scheme,

SwadharYear Allocation2005-06 5.52006-07 72007-08 152008-09 202009-10 152010-11 34.212011-12 302012-13 1002013-14 752014-15 1152015-16 502016-17 100

2005-06

2006-07

2007-08

2008-09

2009-10

2010-11

2011-12

2012-13

2013-14

2014-15

2015-16

2016-17

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

Allocation

There has not been significant increase in terms of allocation because with lack of quality objective cannot be achieved.In 2006 only 151 Swadhar shelter Home functional, in outcome of budget of 2013-14, 311 home are functioning. This number no increased.

Rajeev Ghandi Scheme for Empowerment of Adolescent Girls (SABLA)

Year Allocation2009-10 1102010-11 10002011-12 7502012-13 7502013-14 6502014-15 7002015-16 10

(475.50 RE)2016-17 460 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

Allocation Linear (Allocation )

Objective of the scheme is to improve health and nutrition status, enhance there home based skill, to promote awareness generation related to health hygiene, Adolescent Reproductive and sexual Health and Family and child care. In year 2015-16 share decline 700 Crs to only 10 Crs only.

National Mission for Empowerment of Women

Year Allocation2009-10 12010-11 402011-12 402012-13 252013-14 552014-15 902015-16 252016-17 50

2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 0

102030405060708090

100

Allocation

The main focus of mission is to provide access to health, drinking water, sanitation, hygiene to all women, to provide higher and professional education to girls and women, training, micro credit facilities and SHGFacilities. Scheme started with grant of 1 Crs in 2009-10 and max grant is 90 Crs in 2014-15.

Finding1. Gender budgeting in India is second in preferences.2. the expenditure of a Major department of Union Government that is, the

Department of Women and Child Development is not even one percent of the total expenditures.

3. More scheme are based on women-child development, and less on exclusive for women

4. There is no consistency in allocation of scheme, and grant reduce drastically from various scheme.

5. Increase in revised estimate of 2015-16 over budget estimate of 2015-16 is rupee 1991 Crs i.e. 2.5% in gender budgeting.

6. Increased in budget estimate 2016-17 over revised estimate 2015-16 is rupee 9375.64 Crs i.e. 11.5% and comparing with budget estimate 2015-16 is rupee 11366.89 Crsi.e .14.34%

7. The gender budget provision for part A (100 percent allocation for women) is 0.88% of total budget expenditure

8. The gender budget provision for part B (30 percent allocation for women specific programme) is around 3.7% of total budget expenditure.

Limitations

Work is limited to the Department if Women and Child Development.

Work is entirely depends on secondary data. Study restricts to only expenditure part of

union budget and consider only budget estimates only.

Issues

Focus has been mainly on programme/ scheme meant for the women. But problem arises when that benefited women or not.

Very little information is available in websites as various ministry involve in gender prospective.

Problem in the evaluation of benefits. More focus on the women. Gender is social concept male also

takes into consideration while making programme/ scheme.

Suggestion

With allocation of fund government give target to each department and ministries.

Increase the voluntary activities of NGOs to help department and ministries.

Gender audit done to see the benefited women and girls and its take place continuously.

Make each department and ministries respective officer accountable and responsively.

Question

What is priority of women? Does the money spend on scheme and

programme is reaches to bottom level i.e. Women?

Is women is empowered ?

Conclusion

Its a macro level planning and implementation takes place at bottom level.

Resources flow from central level to state level.

Planning based on the level of empowerment of women at filed level.

More focus on the implementation part.

Thank you...