gemeente amsterdam afval energie bedrijf 4 th -generation waste incineration dr. k. d. van der linde...
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Gemeente AmsterdamAfval Energie Bedrijf
4th-generation Waste Incineration
Dr. K. D. van der LindeAmsterdam Waste & Energy
Enterprise
ECOTECH, AmsterdamMay 14, 2003
4th-generation Waste Incineration
Dr. K. D. van der LindeAmsterdam Waste & Energy
Enterprise
ECOTECH, AmsterdamMay 14, 2003
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Gemeente AmsterdamAfval Energie Bedrijf
INTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTION
1. Introduction2. Europe3. The Netherlands4. Amsterdam5. Concept of Installation6. New generation of waste incineration7. Conclusion
1. Introduction2. Europe3. The Netherlands4. Amsterdam5. Concept of Installation6. New generation of waste incineration7. Conclusion
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Gemeente AmsterdamAfval Energie Bedrijf
SocietySociety
Raw materials
Air
Water Waste Water
Waste
Exhaust
Society
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Gemeente AmsterdamAfval Energie Bedrijf
Closing the loopClosing the loop
Air
Water Waste Water
Waste
Exhaust gas
Society
WTE
Energy
Raw materials
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Gemeente AmsterdamAfval Energie Bedrijf
Waste is a RENEWABLE !Waste is a RENEWABLE !
Richer than most RAW MATERIALS Richer than most RAW MATERIALS
Waste ENERGY
Waste Fired Power
Plant
SustainableOrganic=
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Gemeente AmsterdamAfval Energie Bedrijf
2. The Waste Market in Europe2. The Waste Market in Europe
Total waste in EU:1300 million ton/year Municipal Solid Waste:182 million ton/year
(14%)
MSW per capita:490 kg/year
Total waste in EU:1300 million ton/year Municipal Solid Waste:182 million ton/year
(14%)
MSW per capita:490 kg/year
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Gemeente AmsterdamAfval Energie Bedrijf
Classification of household-wasteClassification of household-waste
mixed in bag or container 242 Green-rests, Garden 120 big items, re-building materials 72 Paper 68 Glass 22 Metals, electrical 6,3 Small Chemical Waste 1,7
Total collected 532(in kg/j per person)
mixed in bag or container 242 Green-rests, Garden 120 big items, re-building materials 72 Paper 68 Glass 22 Metals, electrical 6,3 Small Chemical Waste 1,7
Total collected 532(in kg/j per person)
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Gemeente AmsterdamAfval Energie Bedrijf
Market forcesMarket forces Market liberalisation Under-capacity for incineration Changing regulation:
- Classification of treatment- Classification of waste- Residues- CO2-Reduction- Europe
Public awareness
Market liberalisation Under-capacity for incineration Changing regulation:
- Classification of treatment- Classification of waste- Residues- CO2-Reduction- Europe
Public awareness
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Gemeente AmsterdamAfval Energie Bedrijf
3. Dutch scenario's 20123. Dutch scenario's 2012
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
Not CombustibleCombustibleReuse
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
Not CombustibleCombustibleReuse
Total Waste Production
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
20
02
Op
timis
tic
Pe
ss
imis
tic
Landfill Other waste incineration R1 Hazardous waste R1 Sludges D10 Incineration D10
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
20
02
Op
timis
tic
Pe
ss
imis
tic
Landfill Other waste incineration R1 Hazardous waste R1 Sludges D10 Incineration D10
Combustible Waste
MT
on/year
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Gemeente AmsterdamAfval Energie Bedrijf
Price differencesPrice differences
EURO
Landfill: 30,- to 50,- plus new “green-Tax”
Compost: 50,- to 70,-
Incineration: 70,- to 120,-
Recycling: . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
EURO
Landfill: 30,- to 50,- plus new “green-Tax”
Compost: 50,- to 70,-
Incineration: 70,- to 120,-
Recycling: . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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Gemeente AmsterdamAfval Energie Bedrijf
Dutch landfill costs Dutch landfill costs
Operating costs 30 - 50 €/ton
Environmental tax 15 € /ton
Tax combustible waste 55 € /ton
Total 100 - 120 €
/ton
Operating costs 30 - 50 €/ton
Environmental tax 15 € /ton
Tax combustible waste 55 € /ton
Total 100 - 120 €
/ton
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Gemeente AmsterdamAfval Energie Bedrijf
“Integral chain efficiency” “Integral chain efficiency”
Energy 30%
WTE 30%
Household
Energy28%
Energy 2%
Household
Separation (mechanical)
Separation Separation
Overall efficiency
30%
25%
Percent of Mass
25%
20%
Conversion efficiency
Digestion 5%
RDF40%
Landfill
recovery Material
Energy 30%
WFPP 30%
Household Material
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Gemeente AmsterdamAfval Energie Bedrijf
Mission of the Mission of the AEBAEBMaximise use out of wasteMaximise use out of waste
Lowest tariff for the civilianLowest tariff for the civilian
Optimal environmental performanceOptimal environmental performance
Technological innovations Technological innovations
Strategic aimsStrategic aims
4. Amsterdam4. Amsterdam
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Gemeente AmsterdamAfval Energie Bedrijf
Waste & Energy Enterprise AmsterdamWaste & Energy Enterprise Amsterdam
Generations:- 1917 : 150.000 ton/year, no flue-gas cleaning
1969- 1969 : 500.000 ton/year, de-dusting- 1993 : 800.000 ton/year, chemical cleaning- 2006 : +500.000 ton/year, RECOVERY
Local government owned, “commercial” operation Long term contracts Industrial scale 78,- Euro per ton
Generations:- 1917 : 150.000 ton/year, no flue-gas cleaning
1969- 1969 : 500.000 ton/year, de-dusting- 1993 : 800.000 ton/year, chemical cleaning- 2006 : +500.000 ton/year, RECOVERY
Local government owned, “commercial” operation Long term contracts Industrial scale 78,- Euro per ton
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Gemeente AmsterdamAfval Energie Bedrijf
1st Incineration 1919-19691st Incineration 1919-1969
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Gemeente AmsterdamAfval Energie Bedrijf
AVI-Noord 1969-1993AVI-Noord 1969-1993
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Gemeente AmsterdamAfval Energie Bedrijf
Aerial picture (overview)Aerial picture (overview)
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Gemeente AmsterdamAfval Energie Bedrijf
Investment per ton related to the design-capacity of Dutch Waste Incineration
Investment per ton related to the design-capacity of Dutch Waste Incineration
0
500
1000
1500
2000
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900Capacity in 1000 ton/year
€ p
er to
n/y
ear
0
500
1000
1500
2000
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900Capacity in 1000 ton/year
€ p
er to
n/y
ear
AVI-AmsterdamAVI-Amsterdam
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Gemeente AmsterdamAfval Energie Bedrijf
5. CONCEPT OF THE EXISTING INSTALLATION
5. CONCEPT OF THE EXISTING INSTALLATION
Horizontal grate 4 draw boiler semi dry Spray Absorber Acid + neutral washer Electro Dynamic Ventury
No waste water
Horizontal grate 4 draw boiler semi dry Spray Absorber Acid + neutral washer Electro Dynamic Ventury
No waste water
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Gemeente AmsterdamAfval Energie Bedrijf
BoilerBoiler
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Gemeente AmsterdamAfval Energie Bedrijf
Flue gas CleaningFlue gas Cleaning
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Gemeente AmsterdamAfval Energie Bedrijf
Recycling of residuesRecycling of residues
Input 1 ton Bottom ash 230 kg Road
construction Iron 20 kg trade Metals Non-Ferrous 5 kg trade fly-ash 13 kg filler in tarmac
Salts (gas cleaning) 12 kg landfill1000 kg
Input 1 ton Bottom ash 230 kg Road
construction Iron 20 kg trade Metals Non-Ferrous 5 kg trade fly-ash 13 kg filler in tarmac
Salts (gas cleaning) 12 kg landfill1000 kg
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Gemeente AmsterdamAfval Energie Bedrijf
PROJECTSPROJECTS Increasing Energy-output
- District heating- Second economiser
Decreasing residues + Reuse- Salt recovery- Bottom ash washing
Reducing maintenance
Increase throughput- Sewage sludge incineration
Increasing Energy-output- District heating- Second economiser
Decreasing residues + Reuse- Salt recovery- Bottom ash washing
Reducing maintenance
Increase throughput- Sewage sludge incineration
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Gemeente AmsterdamAfval Energie Bedrijf
6. New generation in Waste incineration6. New generation in Waste incineration
Historical waste incineration “generations”:
0 Open air incineration
1st 1900 oven
2nd 1960 dust removal from flue gas
3rd 1985 chemical cleaning of flue gas
In this presentation we outline a new step:
4th 2006 recovery of energy and materials
Historical waste incineration “generations”:
0 Open air incineration
1st 1900 oven
2nd 1960 dust removal from flue gas
3rd 1985 chemical cleaning of flue gas
In this presentation we outline a new step:
4th 2006 recovery of energy and materials
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Gemeente AmsterdamAfval Energie Bedrijf
Why new generation ?Why new generation ?
Historical development of public awareness:
newly identified needs lead to
a new technical concept.
So now recovery is the “next logical step”.
Historical development of public awareness:
newly identified needs lead to
a new technical concept.
So now recovery is the “next logical step”.
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Gemeente AmsterdamAfval Energie Bedrijf
Energy-potential in WasteEnergy-potential in Waste
Waste in EU: 182 MTon/year x 10 MJ/kg x 30%
Electricity: = 550 PJ / year= 150 TWh / year= 17.300 MW-continuous= 8 % of total EU-
production
Avoided CO2 = 60 million Tons per year
Waste in EU: 182 MTon/year x 10 MJ/kg x 30%
Electricity: = 550 PJ / year= 150 TWh / year= 17.300 MW-continuous= 8 % of total EU-
production
Avoided CO2 = 60 million Tons per year
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Gemeente AmsterdamAfval Energie Bedrijf
4th-generation Incineration: HE-WTE4th-generation Incineration: HE-WTE
Cost must go down Reliable, proven technology
Energy Optimisation to the max !!Leap from 22% to >30%
Material reuse to the max !!Fe, Al, Cu, Gypsum, CaCl2,Washed bottom ash = N1 quality
building material
Washed fly ash = inert
Cost must go down Reliable, proven technology
Energy Optimisation to the max !!Leap from 22% to >30%
Material reuse to the max !!Fe, Al, Cu, Gypsum, CaCl2,Washed bottom ash = N1 quality
building material
Washed fly ash = inert
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Gemeente AmsterdamAfval Energie Bedrijf
HR-AVI projectHR-AVI project
Systematic approach to optimise
recovery
Using proven technologies in new
combination
Energy efficiency from 22% to >30%
Now in contracting phase
Systematic approach to optimise
recovery
Using proven technologies in new
combination
Energy efficiency from 22% to >30%
Now in contracting phase
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Gemeente AmsterdamAfval Energie Bedrijf
Sketch steam reheatingSuperheated steam 440-480°CSteam pressure 125-130 barSteam reheating after HP-turbineExtra economiser
135 bar335°C
130 bar480°C
14 bar190°C
13 bar320°C
x2x1
Superheater
0,03 bar25°C
Reheater
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Gemeente AmsterdamAfval Energie Bedrijf
Sketch Boiler design- Large 1st draw: Height >20m, Flue-gas velocity < 3m/s- Large 2nd and 3rd-draw- Super-heater: Flue-gas velocity < 2,5 m/s- Second Economiser after fabric filter- Flue-gas recirculation (primary and secondary air)
3e2e1e
Evaporator Superheater
Economiser
2 3 4
terti
secu
terti
secu
Prim
1st 2nd
850°C
3rd650°C
SSH1
180°C
1
4th
Ketelas 1 Ketelas 2
Bodemas
SSH2
SSH3
SSH4
ECO1
ECO2
ECO3
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Gemeente AmsterdamAfval Energie Bedrijf
Investments AVI + HR-AVIInvestments AVI + HR-AVI Year 1993 2003 Capacity (Ton/Year) 800.000
500.000 Investment: (Million €)
- Incineration 190 150- Flue-gas Cleaning 170 100- Energy production 60 70
+Total 420 320
Year 1993 2003 Capacity (Ton/Year) 800.000
500.000 Investment: (Million €)
- Incineration 190 150- Flue-gas Cleaning 170 100- Energy production 60 70
+Total 420 320
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Gemeente AmsterdamAfval Energie Bedrijf
HR-AVI extension
sketch Rudolf DAS
HR-AVI extension
sketch Rudolf DAS
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Gemeente AmsterdamAfval Energie Bedrijf
7. CONCLUSION7. CONCLUSION COST, can/must go DOWN
SIMPLE process, do it OPTIMAL
Environmental efficiency, use al SYNERGY
Efficiency > 30% instead of 22%
COST, can/must go DOWN
SIMPLE process, do it OPTIMAL
Environmental efficiency, use al SYNERGY
Efficiency > 30% instead of 22%
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Gemeente AmsterdamAfval Energie Bedrijf
Recovery is the new RuleRecovery is the new Rule
It was WI: Waste incineration
It is WTE: Waste To Energy
It will be WFPP: Waste Fired Power Plant
When efficiency greater than
30%
It was WI: Waste incineration
It is WTE: Waste To Energy
It will be WFPP: Waste Fired Power Plant
When efficiency greater than
30%