gef perspectives on lme management - dann sklarew

[email protected]@iwlearn.org 11April 13, 2023April 13, 2023

GEF Perspectives on GEF Perspectives on LME ManagementLME Management

Dann Sklarew, Ph.D.Dann Sklarew, Ph.D.Chief Technical AdvisorChief Technical Advisor

GEF IW:LEARNGEF IW:LEARN

April 13, 2023April 13, 2023 [email protected]@iwlearn.org 22

Presentation OutlinePresentation Outline

• GEF – What? Why? How Much? For GEF – What? Why? How Much? For What?What?

• TDA/SAP -- GEF’s Adaptive TDA/SAP -- GEF’s Adaptive Management Approach for LMEsManagement Approach for LMEs

• GEF View on Measuring Success and GEF View on Measuring Success and Tracking ProgressTracking Progress

[email protected]@iwlearn.org 33April 13, 2023April 13, 2023

Long-term ecosystem-based partnerships Long-term ecosystem-based partnerships among rich and poor nations among rich and poor nations

sharing benefits from sharing benefits from particular land/sea spaces particular land/sea spaces

are necessary to meet are necessary to meet sustainable development goals.sustainable development goals.

- Alfred Duda- Alfred DudaSenior Advisor for International Waters, Senior Advisor for International Waters,

GEF SecretariatGEF Secretariat


Global Environment Facility?Global Environment Facility?

• Established by 1992 Rio Earth Summit Established by 1992 Rio Earth Summit

• International financing mechanism to address global International financing mechanism to address global environment + sustainable developmentenvironment + sustainable development

• Unites 176 nations + 3 Implementing Agencies Unites 176 nations + 3 Implementing Agencies (UNDP, UNEP, World Bank) + executing agencies (UNDP, UNEP, World Bank) + executing agencies + NGOs + private sector+ NGOs + private sector

• International Waters [IW] focal area includes oceans, International Waters [IW] focal area includes oceans, LMEs, regional seas, and estuaries; + freshwater LMEs, regional seas, and estuaries; + freshwater systemssystems


GEF IW Financing – Why?GEF IW Financing – Why?

GEF IW Operational Strategy (1995):GEF IW Operational Strategy (1995):

• Assist groups of countries to Assist groups of countries to better understandbetter understand and and work collaborativelywork collaboratively to address IW environmental to address IW environmental concernsconcerns

• Create or build the capacityCreate or build the capacity of institutions for of institutions for comprehensive and integrated approachcomprehensive and integrated approach to to environmental managementenvironmental management

• Implement measures Implement measures to address priority to address priority transboundary environmental and water resources transboundary environmental and water resources concernsconcerns


GEF IW Financing – How GEF IW Financing – How Much?Much?


GEF: ~$275M to 15 LME GEF: ~$275M to 15 LME Projects*Projects*

* LME project profiles: * LME project profiles: www.iwlearn.net

http://www.iwlearn.net/


LME/GEF ProjectLME/GEF Project Associated Regional SeasAssociated Regional Seas

Convention/Action PlanConvention/Action PlanGEF GEF

Implementing Implementing AgencyAgency

Executing Agency & Executing Agency & Partner(s)Partner(s)

GEF Grant(s) GEF Grant(s)

(~ = in prep)(~ = in prep)

Agulhas/Somali Current Agulhas/Somali Current LMEsLMEs

NairobiNairobi UNDPUNDP UNOPS, WB, UNEPUNOPS, WB, UNEP $12.2 m.$12.2 m.

Baltic SeaBaltic Sea Helsinki Helsinki WBWB HELCOMHELCOM $18 m.$18 m.

Bay of BengalBay of Bengal Action Plan for S. Asian Seas & BOBPAction Plan for S. Asian Seas & BOBP WBWB FAOFAO $12.1 m. $12.1 m.

Benguela Current LMEBenguela Current LME AbidjanAbidjan UNDPUNDP UNOPS, BENEFITUNOPS, BENEFIT $15 m.$15 m.

Black SeaBlack Sea BucharestBucharest UNDP, WB, UNEPUNDP, WB, UNEP UNOPS, BSCUNOPS, BSC $91 m.$91 m.

Canary Current LMECanary Current LME AbidjanAbidjan UNEPUNEP FAOFAO TBDTBD

Caribbean Sea Caribbean Sea Cartagena Cartagena UNDPUNDP IOC/UNESCOIOC/UNESCO ~$9 m.~$9 m.

[Gulf of] Guinea Current [Gulf of] Guinea Current LMELME

AbidjanAbidjan UNDPUNDP UNIDOUNIDO [~$6m +] [~$6m +] $21.5m$21.5m

Gulf of MexicoGulf of Mexico CartagenaCartagena UNDPUNDP UNIDOUNIDO ~$8 m.~$8 m.

Humboldt Current LMEHumboldt Current LME LimaLima UNDPUNDP UNIDOUNIDO ~$5 m.~$5 m.

Mediterranean SeaMediterranean Sea BarcelonaBarcelona UNEPUNEP MEDU-MAPMEDU-MAP $6 m.+$6 m.+

Partnerships for Environmental Partnerships for Environmental Management of Seas of E. Asia Management of Seas of E. Asia

- PEMSEA (5 LMEs)- PEMSEA (5 LMEs)

Action Plan for Seas of East Asia & Action Plan for Seas of East Asia & SDS/SEASDS/SEA

UNDPUNDP IMO, UNOPSIMO, UNOPS $24.2 m.$24.2 m.

~$11 m.~$11 m.

Red SeaRed Sea Jeddah Jeddah WB, UNDP,UNEPWB, UNDP,UNEP PERSGAPERSGA $19 m.$19 m.

South China SeaSouth China Sea Action Plan for Seas of East AsiaAction Plan for Seas of East Asia UNEPUNEP EAS/RCUEAS/RCU $19 m.$19 m.

Yellow SeaYellow Sea NW Pacific Action PlanNW Pacific Action Plan UNDPUNDP UNOPSUNOPS $14.4 m.$14.4 m.


GEF IW Financing – For GEF IW Financing – For What?What? Types of GEF IW Projects (w/Operational Program):Types of GEF IW Projects (w/Operational Program):

• Foundational Projects (enabling activities)Foundational Projects (enabling activities)• Create TDA/SAP, National Inter-ministry Committees (OP 8 & 9)Create TDA/SAP, National Inter-ministry Committees (OP 8 & 9)• E.g., Phase 1 LME ProjectsE.g., Phase 1 LME Projects

• ImplementationImplementation of Strategic Action Programs (SAPs) of Strategic Action Programs (SAPs) • E.g., Phase 2 LME Projects, NEW Strategic Partnerships (OP 8, 9 & E.g., Phase 2 LME Projects, NEW Strategic Partnerships (OP 8, 9 &

10)10)

• Global/Regional Demonstration ProjectsGlobal/Regional Demonstration Projects• E.g., Globallast for ships’ ballast water (OP10)E.g., Globallast for ships’ ballast water (OP10)

• Technical Support & Learning Projects Technical Support & Learning Projects • E.g., IW:LEARN for freshwater & LME learning (OP10) E.g., IW:LEARN for freshwater & LME learning (OP10)


Sustainable Fisheries Partnership Investment Fund for Sub-Saharan Africa LMEs (World Bank/FAO/WWF with UNDP/UNEP) $60m over 10 years

Pollution Reduction Partnership Investment Fund for the East Asian LMEs(World Bank/UNDP)

$80m over 10 years

Proposed: Strategic Partnership for the Mediterranean Sea LME (World Bank/UNEP)

$100m over 10 years

Strategic Partnership for Nutrient Reduction in the Danube/Black Sea Basin (WB/UNDP/UNEP)$95m over 10 yrs

GEF Strategic Partnerships GEF Strategic Partnerships (new, bigger, (new, bigger, longer term)longer term)


GEF LME Management GEF LME Management SupportSupport• GEF Council endorsed LME focus in 1995, GEF Council endorsed LME focus in 1995,

aligned with WSSD Program of Implementation in aligned with WSSD Program of Implementation in 20022002

• Now 121 nations cooperate across 12 LMEs; Now 121 nations cooperate across 12 LMEs; projects for 4 more LMEs under preparationprojects for 4 more LMEs under preparation

• Aim: Catalyze Aim: Catalyze adaptive management adaptive management via TDA/SAPvia TDA/SAP

• LearningLearning among LME projects via GEF IW:LEARN, among LME projects via GEF IW:LEARN, etc.etc.


TDA/SAP Process for LME TDA/SAP Process for LME Mgmt.Mgmt.• Transboundary Diagnostic Analysis Transboundary Diagnostic Analysis

(TDA) (TDA) – Prioritize transboundary environmental and Prioritize transboundary environmental and

water resource issues, environmental & water resource issues, environmental & socioeconomic impacts, root causes socioeconomic impacts, root causes

– ~25 completed (both LMEs ~25 completed (both LMEs andand freshwater basins) freshwater basins)

• Strategic Action Programme (SAP)Strategic Action Programme (SAP) – Policy, legal, institutional reforms &Policy, legal, institutional reforms &

investments to address priority issues in TDA investments to address priority issues in TDA – ~25 completed, of which 11 are LMEs (6 in prep)~25 completed, of which 11 are LMEs (6 in prep)


TDA vs. SAP: Distinctions & TDA vs. SAP: Distinctions & ComplementaritiesComplementarities

TDA IDENTIFIES:•PRIORITY PROBLEMS•ENV & SE IMPACTS•UNDERLYING SECTORAL AND ROOT CAUSES

•ANALYSIS OF GOVERNANCE

BASED ON A REASONED AND MULTI-SECTORAL CONSIDERATION OF THE PROBLEMS

FACTUAL BASIS FOR THE FORMULATION OF A SAP

OUTLINES POLICY, LEGAL, AND INSTITUTIONAL REFORMS AND INVESTMENTS NEEDED TO RESOLVE PRIORITY PROBLEMS

MUST BE AGREED BEFORE TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE, CAPACITY-BUILDING, OR INVESTMENT PROJECTS CAN BE DEVELOPED

SETS OUT SPECIFIC ACTIONS FOR EACH COUNTRY THAT CAN BE ADOPTED NATIONALLY BUT HARMONISED WITH THE OTHER CONCERNED COUNTRIES

THE TDA THE SAP


1. Project development

Preliminary project request

Identification and consultation with the stakeholder groups

3. Development of the TDA

Identification and initial prioritisation of transboundary problems

Analysis of impacts/ consequences transboundary problems

Production and submission of complete draft TDA

TDA Preparation

Causal chain analysis and governance analysis

Final prioritisation of transboundary problems

4. Formulatingthe SAP

Bridging the TDA and SAP and developing long-term EcoQOs

Brainstorming ways to attain the EcoQOs

Examination of and political consultation on alternative options

Development of targets and indicators

Drafting the NAPs and SAP

Planning the remaining steps of the SAP and appointing SAP and NAP formulation teams

2. Planningthe TDA/SAP

Design work plan for the TDA/SAP implementation phase including budgets

Detailed stakeholder analysis and draft public involvement plan

Identification of the technical task team (TTT)

Preparation of a draft concept paper

Project approval by the GEF CEO

Appointment of Project Manager

Appointment of Facilitator

Form Interministry Committees

Form Steering committee

Set up the TDA Technical Task Team (TTT)

5. SAPimplementation

Adoption of the SAP: The Ministerial Conference

Preparation of Full Project brief

Conducting a Donors Conference

Development of relevant interventions by GEF and/or other donors

Agreement on the institutional framework

TDA adopted by steering committee


NEW TDA/SAP Course NEW TDA/SAP Course

• 5 modules, prepared by GEF IW agencies5 modules, prepared by GEF IW agencies

• Codifies Experiences and Best PracticesCodifies Experiences and Best Practices

• Downloadable via Downloadable via www.iwlearn.netwww.iwlearn.net

• Available for Delivery World-wide on Available for Delivery World-wide on demand (contact demand (contact info@[email protected]))


mailto:[email protected]




Linkages between Linkages between 5 LME Modules & TDA/SAP5 LME Modules & TDA/SAP

LME ModuleLME Module TDATDA SAPSAP1. Productivity1. Productivity TB issue, threats, root TB issue, threats, root

cause analysiscause analysisRegional & national reforms to Regional & national reforms to maintain productivitymaintain productivity

2. Fish resources and 2. Fish resources and fisheriesfisheries

TB issue, threats, root TB issue, threats, root cause analysiscause analysis

Regional & national reforms to Regional & national reforms to sustain fisheriessustain fisheries

3. Pollution & Ecosystem 3. Pollution & Ecosystem HealthHealth

TB issue, threats, root TB issue, threats, root cause analysiscause analysis

Regional & national reforms to Regional & national reforms to reduce pollution and sustain reduce pollution and sustain ecosystemecosystem

4. Socioeconomics4. Socioeconomics Socioeconomic impact Socioeconomic impact analysis, incl. analysis, incl. prioritization of issuesprioritization of issues

Economic instruments, Economic instruments, investments, etc. as tools for investments, etc. as tools for SAP implementationSAP implementation

5. Governance5. Governance Governance analysis; Governance analysis; stakeholder analysisstakeholder analysis

Legal, policy & institutional Legal, policy & institutional reforms; stakeholder reforms; stakeholder involvement (PS & civil society)involvement (PS & civil society)


Tracking LME Project Tracking LME Project SuccessSuccessGEF Indicators of Success (circa 2006):GEF Indicators of Success (circa 2006):• Process (endorsed TDA/SAP, ratified fishery Process (endorsed TDA/SAP, ratified fishery

treaty)treaty)

• Stress Reduction (sewage control, kg/yr)Stress Reduction (sewage control, kg/yr)

• Environment Status (fish stock rebound, biomass Environment Status (fish stock rebound, biomass yield)yield)

Progress is measured annually and cumulatively…Progress is measured annually and cumulatively…


LME Projects’ TDA/SAP LME Projects’ TDA/SAP ProgressProgressProjectProject PipelinePipeline ApproveApprove

ddTDATDA SAPSAP TreatTreat

yyASLMEASLME 20032003 20052005 (Soon)(Soon)

BalticBaltic 19991999 20012001 Yes!Yes!

B. BengalB. Bengal 19971997 20052005 (Soon)(Soon)

BCLMEBCLME 19981998 20002000 19991999 19991999 (Soon)(Soon)

CanaryCanary <2003<2003 (Soon)(Soon)

CaribbeaCaribbeann

20012001 20052005 (Soon)(Soon)

GCLMEGCLME 20002000 20032003 20062006 Yes! Yes! (Soon)(Soon)

G. MexicoG. Mexico 20022002 (Soon)(Soon) (Soon)(Soon)

YSLMEYSLME 19971997 20002000 2001?2001?

(2007)(2007)Yes!Yes!(2008)(2008)

[email protected]@iwlearn.orgApril 13, 2023April 13, 2023

For more informationFor more information

• Please visit…Please visit…– GEF IW:LEARN websiteGEF IW:LEARN website

International Waters Resource Centre International Waters Resource Centre www.iwlearn.netwww.iwlearn.net

• Or contact IW:LEARN Or contact IW:LEARN [email protected]@iwlearn.org

[email protected]@iwlearn.org

[email protected]@iwlearn.org








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gef perspectives on lme management - dann sklarew

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