RaYtheon

Optomechanical Drawings:ISO Standards, Geometric Dimensioning &

Tolerancing and Drawing Practices

Anees AhmadRaytheon Missile Systems

Tucson, AZ

Phone: 520/545-7870Email: aahmad~raytheon.com

Drawl ng Standards fla$heon

• Two commonly used standards— International Standards Organization (ISO)— American National Standards Institute (ANSI)

> American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) is nowresponsible for updating & maintaining these standards

• These standards explain how to indicate/callout the desiredfeatures on a drawing for a finished product

• The values of these desired features are not specified bythese standards

• ISO standards are fairly commonly used in optical industryand shops

2

—iiir~lr~vlI~ if

ANSI Standards Raytheon

• Principle US national standard covering mechanical drawingpractice is ASME/ANSI Y14.5M, Dimensioning andTolerancing.

• This standard explains how to represent on drawingsconcepts such as maintaining parallelism between twosurfaces or how to specify location of holes, etc.

• Defines the symbols for expressing various features

• Two other related standards used in conjunction with ASME/ANSI Y14.5M are:

- ASME/ANSI Y14.36, SurfaceTexture Symbols and— ASME/ANSI B46.1, Surface Texture dealing with the finish of

machined parts.3

Optical Drawing Standards Raytheon

• Handful of US voluntary standards relate to optical andoptomechanical drawings

• The only standard that has any practical impact on optics isASME Y14.18M-86, Optical Parts (originally MIL-STD-34,Preparation of Drawings for Optical Elements)

• ISO Technical Committee 172, Optics and opticalinstruments, and has been writing optical standards since1979

• Over 150 standards are either being worked on or are now

published

4

ISO Optical Drawing Standards Raytheon

• The two standards that are of greatest interest are:— ISO 10110-X-1 996 (E) - Optics and optical Instruments -

Preparation of optical drawings for optical elements andsystems

— ISO 9211 - Optical coatings

• ISO 10110 is similar to ASME Y14.18M. There is no American

standard equivalent to ISO 9211

• ISO 10110 has 13 parts:

— Part I General> Covers the mechanical aspects of optical drawings that are specific

to optics and not already covered in one of the other ISO drawingstandards.

5

~~~r1llr1rrl1TI

ISO 10110 Standard Raytheon

• Part 2 Material Imperfections - Stress birefringence• Part 3 Material Imperfections -Bubbles and Inclusions• Part 4 Material Imperfections - lnhomogeneity and

stri ae> Parts 2-4 cover material related parameters controlling the quality

of glass

• Part5 SurfacefOrm tolerances> Concerns figure measurement and differentiates between figure

measured visually with a test plate or with a phase measuringinterlerometer

• Part 6 Centering tolerances> deals with centering errors and allows either an entirely mechanical

method of tolerancing or an optomechanical one.

6

ISO 10110 Standard Raytheon

• Part 7 Surface imperfection tolerances> This is equivalent to scratch and dig or surface beauty specification

• Part 8 Surface texture> Concerns ground and polished surface texture and is unique to this

standard

• Part 9 Surface treatment and coating> Tells how to indicate that a surface will be coated, but not what the

specifications of the coating are which is covered in ISO 9211.

• Part 10 Table representing data of a lens element> Tells how to describe the parameters of an optical element in

tabular form and is the foundation of the effort to be able to transferdata about optical elements electronically

7

ISO lOllOStandard Raytheon

• Part II Non- toleranced data— Table of default tolerances on optical parameters so that if a particular

parameter is not specified, it should then be made to the tolerancesgiven in this table.

• Part 12 Aspheric surfaces— Defines how to describe an aspheric surface. This method has been

coordinated with the major vendors of lens design software so thedefinitions are consistent

• Part 13. Laser irradiation damage threshold— Tells’ how to specify a laser power damage threshold on an optical

component, again a parameter that goes far beyond any other existingstandard.

8

ISO 10110-10:1996(E) . . . . . ~ so

Table 1 — Properties to’ be listed

Items Description ‘ . .

Material Type, name, identification number of the material . . . .. S

nv

If appropriate, refractive index and Abbe number (and tolerances) in accordance with1S07944 ‘‘

R

.

‘

•

Radius of curvature with tolerance, if desired. . . .. ... .

The direction of curvature shall be indicated as follows:’

convex surface: CX .

concave surface: CC ‘ . •, .

08 Optically effective diameter .

Protective chamfer Minimum and maximum permissible widths of the protective chamfer .

. Surface treatment and cpating in accordance with ISO 10110-9

0/ Stress birefringence tolerance in accordance with ISO lO11O~2:

1/ Indication of permissible bubbles and other inclusions in accordance with ISO 10110-3

2/ . lnhomogeneity arid striae classes in accordance with ISO 10110-4

3/ Surface form tolerance in accordance with ISO 1011 0-5’

- 4/ ‘ Centring tolerance in accordance with ISO 10110-6

) . 5/ Surface imperfection tolerance in accordance with ISO 10110-7 . S

6 ILaser irradiation damage threshold indication in accordance with ISO 10110-13 (if appropri-ate) .

S If appropriate, the words “To be cemented” shall be added ,

.~ ISO . . S ‘ S. ISO 101.10-10:1996(E).

Drawing fieldIndications in accordance with.3. ~ ‘ ‘ S

rabl~field . S

Indications In accordance with 3.2

Left’ surface ‘ Material specification Right surface

R

~e

Protective chamfer ‘

‘S

3/

4/5/ ‘

6/8 . S

To be cemented8S

.,

. 5 ‘

n . . ,

v

0/ . ‘

1/2/ ‘ ‘ S

, .. . S

S

R

5

Protective chamfer

3/

4/5/’

6/~

To be cemented*

Indications in accordance with S Title field . S

ISO 10110 5 Indications in accordance with 3.3

* (if required)

S ‘ Figure 1 — Tabular indication of data for a lens element -

1I~~~

4~~ ør . ‘~, .5 .

R ç~o

. l~ttLea‘ ‘ ~e 29 .

S

0,4 .- 0,6

®AR 209.1060 5

n(1 010 nrn) 1,875 9 ±0.001 .

5 ‘

Protective chamfer. 0,4 — 0,6

CI)AR 209.1.060 5 5

3/ 5(1) ‘ . 0/ 20 . 5 . 3/ 5(1)4/ 1,4’ . 1/ SxO,1 5 S~ ‘ .4/-— ‘ S

5/5x0,1;C5x0,16;L3x0,004;E0,4

S , 52/ 1,2 , .5

‘

5/5x0,1;C5x0,16;L3x0,004;0,4

E

~1I8~ftrn~i O~Oflrn;i0 ~S 6/ 6 KWcm2 1 060 nm; 10

;5•

. 5

.

5

Lens 114.379

— Example of tabular indication of data for a lens element

=

- j

~‘ ISO

Mater~at~peclfication Right surface

F~gute2

Advantages of ISO Standards Raytheon

• Offer guidance on suggested values of certain features

• Contain a listing of default tolerances

• Much more thorough in their treatment of drawing features

• Being integrated in optical design software

• Drawings created using ISO standards are virtually noteless

• Indications on drawings use alphanumeric symbols

• Drawing can be interpreted by persons having any languagebackground without having to translate it

9

Geometric Dimensioning & Ra h iiTolerancing (GD&T)

• What is it?— A means of dimensioning & toleráncing a drawing using

standard symbols to convey-product function and designrelationship

• ANSI Y14.5 & ISO standards use the same symbols toindicate critical features on a part drawing

• Why use GD&T?— Provides max. production tolerances— Saves money— Ensures design requirements are carried out— Ensures full interchangeability of mating parts— Eliminates confusion by using a common international

engineering language

10

SYMBOL FOR: ANSI Y14.5 ISO

• STRAIGHTNESS .

FLATNESS: . ..

CIRCULARITY . Q 0CYLINDRICITY’ :.

..

PROFILE OF A . LINE . tTh •: tThPROFILE OF. ‘A SURFACE . ~. . . . .~ -

ALL AROUND—PROFILE .NONE

ANGULARITY . . : .~•

PERPENDICULARITY J_ J_PARALLELISM .. . . . ‘ /1:POSITION . 4 .• . . 4..CONCENTRICITY/COAXIAUTV . 0 0

• SYMMETRY .

NONE .

• CIRCULAR RUNOUT >~‘ . .

TOTAL RUNOUT . . :AT MAXIMUM MATERIAL CONDITION

® ..

AT LEAST MATERIAL CONDITION © . . NONE

•REGARDLESS:OF FEATURE SIZE.’. ® NONE

• :‘ ~•PROJECTED TOLERANCE ZONE ® , .

®•DIAMETER •: . ‘‘ .. . 0 • • .‘ 0.

BASIC DIMENSION ~JREFERENCE DIMENSION •~ (60) • . , (50)’ •

DATUM FEATURE. “ .. ..

.•

,~ OR~~I~

DATUM TARGET . •‘ .. . . .— .

.

TARGET POINT • • X XMAY BE FILLED IN

FIG. C3 COMPARISON OF SYMBOLS

DIMENSION ORIGIN

: FEATURE CONTROL FRAME

• , CONICAL TAPER

•‘ • ‘SLOPE •

, cOUNTERBORE/SPOTFACE

COUNTERSINK

DEPTH/DEEP

SQUARE (SHAPE)

DIMENSION NOT TO SCALE

, NUMBER OF TIMES/PLACES

ARC LENGTH

RADIUS

• SPHERICAL RADIUS

SPHERICAL DIAMETER

FIG. CS COMPARISON OF SYMBOLS (CONTINUED)

DIAMETER,COUNTERBOREAND COUNTERSINKSYMBOLS

FIG. 73 COUNTERBORE OR SPOTFACE SYMBOL FIG. 74 COUNTERSINK SYMBOL

• 09.4-9.8I +

___________4epth symbol

Ø7THRULJØ14

L_...Counterbore(or spotface)symbol

6.2—6.6

L

\/Ø1O X 90°~ THRU

L Countersinksymbol

FIG. 75 DEPTHSYMBOL

-Th

PARALLELISMSYMBOL

THIS ON THE DRAWING

MEANS THIS Possibleorientation

0.12wide tolerance zone

:~ :: ~thesurface

Datum plane A

The surface must lie between two planes 0.12 apart whichare parallel to datum plane A. Additionally, the surfacemust be within the specified limits of size.

FIG. 194 SPECIFYING PARALLELISM FOR APLANE SURFACE

THIS ON THE DRAWING

A~

k’\iY\t~\£1\k\

— —

Note: The absence of a modifier indicates RFS applies.See 2.8(b).

a— 0.12 widetolerancezone

Possible orientationof feature axis

I. -~-

MEANS THIS

Datum plane A

Regardless of feature size, the feature axis must lie be-tween two planes 0.12 apart which are parallel to datumplane A. Additionally, the feature axis must be withinthe specified tolerance of location.

FIG. 195 SPECIFYING PARALLELISM FOR ANAXIS (FEATURE RFS)

FLATNESSSYMBOL

THIS ON THE DRAWING

MEANS THIS

The surface must lie between two parallel planes 0.25apart. Additionally, the surface must be within thespecified limits of size.

FIG. 176 SPECIFYING FLATNESS’

POSITIONAL TOLERANCE

• .

FIG. 126 CONVENTIONAL POSITIONAL TOLERANCINGAT MMC

RaViheon

.375 ±.03O—~

Examples of Drawings with• GD&T Tolerances

+.008

2X 0.530 — ~ ThRU

1410.014 ®IAIBICI

11.00011~

2.000±.020

11

I._,~:I

Examples of Drawings withGD&T Tolerances

0 i.3~5£003

t*fø .003 Q~fA~B®I

,~ ~ + .000— .005

.002

sx Ø~2i0+.OO�ThHU— .001

.005 ® 1*10.003~I~Q~i

.625

.270

2X.45X .06

0 1.000 ~

tJ_I0•°°~IAI

11

1.125. 12UNF-2A

Drawing Practices. fla$heon

• Drawing numbering

• Creatio.n and release of drawings

• Steps involved in making changes to released drawings

11

Drawing Numbering Ra$heOn

• Information specified in the title block— Drawing number selected from a block of nUmbers assigned by

the project CM office> First few digits specify the project (top-level product)> Next few digits specify the major subsystem> Last few digits specify the part

— Name of the part (first line)— Name of the next assembly part belongs to (second line)— Size of.the drawing & revision level— Cage code of the part manufacturer

12

Example of Drawing Title Block Rayiheon

PROJECTIONTHIR~LE ~

UNLESS OTHERWISESPECIFIED

CONTRACT:

N00019-98-C0 iiiDWNR PFEIFLE DATE 000406

RAYTHEON COMPANY ITUCSON. ARIZONA

R I SE R , •C OLD F ID S lvi AC S E N S ~J

.

NG ERRTOLERANCESDIMENSIONS ARE IN MILLIMETERS

ANGLES±0.5FRACTIONS ±- -.

DECIMALS ±.XXX: • .XX:PARTS SHALL BE FREE OF BURRSBROKEN EDGES .010 MAX

SURFACEROUGHNESS125 1FILLET H MAX

CHK T.ARNDT

ENGI~PANASITISIZECSCALE

CAGE CODE IDWG NO

I 15090 I 2219 82.000 SHEET

32 R1~/I OF 1

CONTR APVD~

GOVT APVDINTERPRET DRAWINGIN ACCORDANCEWITH

MIL-SID-I00 ANSI YII.5M-I982

2

A

13

Drawing Release Steps IIa~i1eOfl

• Drawing prepared by engineer/designer• Reviewed by engineers from other disciplines (optical,

mechanical, electronics, material, structural, thermal,manufacturing, etc.)

• All changes are redlined and provided to the creator of thedrawing

• Drawing is checked by a checker• Drawing is updated and released as Rev - (Initial Release)

— A number of persons approve the release of drawing• CM office vaults an electronic copy of the released drawing

in company database• Electronic copy is available as “Read Only” to all persons

who have access privileges for that program

14

Drawing Changes Raytheon

• Reason for making. changes— Fix drawing errors— incorporate new notes— Design and/or dimensional changes

• Steps involved in changing a drawing— Process initiated by filling out a Engineering Change Request

(ECR) form— ECR is reviewed and approved by the affected disciplines— ECR is then presented to the Change Control Board (CCB)— CCB authorizes making the changes to the drawing— Changes are made to the drawing— Drawing goes thru review and checking cycle.— Changed drawing is presented to CCB for final approval— Changed drawing is released again as next revision level

15

~aytbeo~

19. COMMENTS OR RELATED CHANGES

EngineeringChangeRequest18931RMS (6/97)

ECR NUMBER

SHEET 1 OF SHEETS

lb. REV

lo. PROGRAM

.

le. PROGRAM CONTROL NUMBER.

.

2. DOCUMENTS AFFECTED 2a. NEW 2b. CHANGED 2c. DELETED

0.EO~MBE~_

,

0id. CONTRACT NO.

3. TITLE OFCHANGE

4. SUMMARYREASON ~ PRODUCIBILITY 0 TESTYIELD DOCUMENTATION 0 PRODUCT IMPROVEMENT 0 MANUFACTURING 0 OTHER

5. CAUSE/TYPE E~JMECHANICAL DESIGN 0 ELECTRICAL DESIGN 0 FABRICATION ASSEMBLY SYSTEM/SUBSYSTEM

0 VENDOR 0 DRAFTING 0 COMPONENTS/MATERIALS/PROCESSES

6. CLASS I FACTORS

DYES DNO

7. PROBLEMANDREASONFORCHANGE

8. PROPOSED CHANGE

9. REQUESTER . EXT BLDG, M/S ORG CODE DATE 11. CLASS

I 0.IIAorD-I

II B or D-II 0

12. ECP NO.

10. APPROVED

APPROVED.

13. CONTROL ITEMNUMBER 14. AFFECTED 111M NUMBER 15. AFFECTED Il.~vIEFFECTIVITY

~16. RELEASE NEEDED BY

1 3a. CONTROL ITEM EFFECTIVITY (ESTIMATED)

17. CRB DATE 18. COORDINATED WITH DATE DATE DATE

DATE DATE PCC DATE0 ACCEPT 0 REJECT

Configurati~or~trol Boards Raytheon

• Established by the program manager to approve ordisapprove proposed engineering changes

• CCBs evaluate the need for changes, confirm changeclassifications and effectivities, and assure appropriateanalyses of changes and their effects.

•. CCBs are chaired by the applicable IPT leader or a notherdelegated person authorized by the program manager.

• CCB membership is based on the contract phase and mayinclude but is not limited to:

a. Program IPT representativeb. Program IPT configuration management representativec. Operationsd. Engineeringe. Contracts and Estimating

16