gautama buddha no room for errors of...

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06 “Do not believe what your teacher tells you merely out of respect for the teacher.” Gautama Buddha MOCK PAPERS To remember dates, the best strategy is to make a list of the all the dates in the chap- ter in an ascending order Example: 1916 Champaran Satyagraha 1917 Kheda Satyagraha 1918 Ahmedabad Satyagraha April 13, 1919 Jallianwalla Bagh Massacre at Amritsar 1920 Non-Cooperation Programme was adopted 1928 Arrival of the Simon Commission in India 1929 Purna Swaraj as the goal of the Indian National Congress April 6, 1930 Beginning of the Civil Disobedience Movement at Dandi, Gujarat Paste these dates in the most prominent area of the student’s room so that over a period of time it is ingrained in one’s memory. DIFFERENCE BETWEEN Independent states coming together on their own to form a bigger unit Increases security by pooling sover- eignty and retaining identity Eg: USA, Switzerland & Australia All constituent states have equal power Centre is more powerful vis-a-vis the states Constituent units of federation have unequal powers Eg: India, Spain & Belgium Large country decides to divide power between constitutional units and Centre COMING TOGETHER HOLDING TOGETHER PART-A Q.1 Which account should be debited for wages paid for installation of machine? [1] Q.2 What do you mean by opening entry? [1] Q.3 Depreciation for the second year @ 10% on `15,000 purchase price will be _____ on the Fixed Installment, whereas it will be ______on the Diminishing Balance System. [1] Q.4 Debts written off as bad, if recovered sub- sequently, should be credited to the Debtors Account. Is it correct? Give reasons. [1] Q.5 Differentiate between Revenue Reserve and Capital Reserve. (Any 1 point) [1] Q.6 Give one example of Error of Commission. [1] Q.7 Net Profit of a firm before charging man- ager's commission is `42,000. If a manager is entitled to 5% commission after charging such commission, calculate the commission payable to the manager. [1] Q.8 Find the due date of a Bill of Exchange dated 1 st December, 2017, payable after 60 days. [1] Q.9 Which account gives a fair idea about the cash position of a Not-For-Profit Organisation? [1] Q.10 What is the basis of accounting followed while preparing the Income and Expenditure Account? [1] Q.11 Distinguish between Reserve and Provision. (Any 3 points) [3] Q.12 Pass journal entries for the following transactions: [3] (1) Purchased goods worth `30,000 from Sohan and paid half by cash. (2) Rahul who owned `5000 was declared insolvent and 60 paise in a rupee are received as final compensation. (3) Goods given as charity `10,000. Q.13 Prepare Ledger A/C's of Cash, Sohan and Purchases in Q.12 above. [3] Q.14 Prepare Purchases Book for the following transactions: [3] 2017 April 1 Purchased goods from Joshi Brothers on credit 10 Philips tubelights @ `120 each 50 Crompton bulbs @ `40 each Less:- 10% Trade Discount April 10 Purchased Goods from Rajesh Electric Store 25 Heaters @ `500 each 15 Sunny Fans @ `1000 each Less:- 5% Trade Discount Q.15 Record the following transactions of Mohan Lal & Co. in the proper subsidiary books: [3] 2017 Jan 1 Sold on credit to Grover & Co.: 10 Electric Irons @ `250 each; 5 Electric Stoves @ `150 each Jan 10 Purchased for cash from Raja & Co. 10 Electric Kettles @ `300 each Jan 20 Returned to Grover & Co. 5 Electric Irons being defective Q.16 Explain: [3] (a) Error of Omission (b) Revenue Reserve (c) Drawer Q.17 On 1 st January, 2017, A sold goods to B for `50,000 and on the same day drew upon him a bill at 3 months for the amount. B accepted the bill and returned it to A. On 4 th January, 2017, A discounted the bill with his bank at `49,000. On the due date, the bill was dishonoured and bank paid `1000 as noting charges. [4] Record these transactions in the Journal of A. Q.18 From the following information, pre- pare a Trial Balance in the books of Shri Hari as on 31 st March,.2017: [4] Capital `1,40,000; Purchases `36,000; Discount Allowed `1200; Carraige Outwards 2300; Plant and Machinery `80,700; Stock as on 1 st April, 2016 `15,500; Rent and Taxes `1200; Investments `3600; Commission Received `1800; Sundry Debtors `20,200; Sundry Creditors `12,000; Motorcycle `34,600; Cash in Hand `100; Cash at Bank `10,100; Carraige Inwards `8700; Sales `60,000; Returns Inward `300; Returns Outward `700. Q.19 Rectify the following errors by way of Journal entries: [4] (1) Goods purchased for `5000 were posted as `500 to the Purchases Account. (2) Goods purchased for `1000 for the proprietor's use were debited to the Purchases Account. (3) Total of Returns inward Book for December had been cast by `1000 short. (4) `10,000 paid as salary to the cashier Dhawan debited to his personal account. Q.20 A firm purchased on 1 st April, 2014 a sec- ond-hand machinery for `3,60,000 and incurred on its installation. [6] On 1 st October in the same year, another machinery costing `2,00,000 was purchased. On 1 st October, 2016, machinery bought on 1 st April, 2014 was sold for `1,20,000 and a new machine purchased for `6,40,000 on the same date. Depreciation is provided annually on 31 st March @ 10% p.a. on the Written Down Value Method. Show the Machinery Account for the year ended 31 st March, 2015 to 2017. Q.21 Write a Double Column Cash Book with cash and Bank columns form the fol- lowing transactions: [6] 2017 March 1 Cash in Hand 15,000 3 Purchased goods for cash 6,000 5 Deposited in bank 5,000 8 Cash Sales 10,000 10 Cash withdrawn from bank for office use 2,000 12 Received cash from Damini 3,000 15 Received cheque from Dolly and deposited in the bank on same day 2,000 18 Received cheque from Deepak (not banked) 5,000 19 Cheque received from Deepak deposited in bank 24 Paid to Chander by cheque 2,500 27 Withdrew from bank for personal use 1,500 28 Sold goods on credit to Ashok Mitra 4,000 30 Purchased goods on credit from Chander 5,000 31 Received cheque from Ashok Mitra and deposited in bank 2,000 31 Bank Charges for the month 100 Q.22 Prepare Bank Reconciliation Statement as on 30 th June, 2017 for Jyoti Sales Private Limited from the following information given below: [8] (i) Bank Overdraft as per Cash Book on 30 th June, 2017 `1,10,450 (ii) Cheques issued on 20 th June, 2017 but not yet presented. `15,000 (iii) Cheques deposited but not yet credited by the bank. `22,750 (iv) Bills for collection not advised by the bank but credited to the account. `47,200 (v) Interest debited by the bank on 27th June, 2017 but no advice received. `12,115 (vi) Subsidy received from the authorities by the bank on our behalf, credited to the account. `22,000 (vii) Amount wrongly debited by the bank. `2,400 (viii) Amount wrongly credited by the bank. `5,000 Q.23 From the following Receipts and Payments Account of Defence Club and from the informa- tion supplied, prepare Income and Expenditure Account for the year ended 31 st March, 2016 and Balance Sheet as at that date: [8] Receipts and Payments Account for the year ended on 31 st March, 2016 Dr. Cr. Additional Information: (i) The club has 50 members each paying an an- nual subscription of `2500. Subscriptions Out- standing on 31 st March, 2015 were to the extent of `30,000. (ii) On 31 st March, 2016, Salaries Outstanding amounted to `10,000. Salaries paid in 2015-16 included `30,000 for the year 2014-15. (iii) On 1 st April, 2015, the club owned Building valued at `10,00,000; Furniture worth `1,00,000 and Books `1,00,000. Q.24 Following is the Trial Balance of Mrs S.S. on 31st March, 2017: [12] Taking into account the following adjustments, pass necessary Journal entries and prepare Trading and Profit and Loss Account and Balance Sheet: 1) Stock in Hand on 31 st March, 2017 is `13,600. 2) Machinery is to be depreciated @ 10% and patents @ 20%. 3) Salaries for the month of March, 2017 amounted to `3000 were unpaid. 4) Insurance included a premium of `170 for next year. 5) Wages include a sum of `4000 spent on the erection of a cycle shed for employees and customers. 6. A provision for Doubtful Debts is to be created to the extent of 5% on Sundry Debtors. NO ROOM FOR ERRORS OF COMMISSION These questions and the marks alongside are meant for practice purpose only. Students are advised to check format, syllabus and marks for Board test papers with their teachers. Questions have been given by teachers and NIE is not responsible for them. MOCK PAPER ACCOUNTANCY CLASS: XI, CBSE St Kabir School, Ahmedabad, helps you strengthen Accountancy basics to gain good marks at Boards Receipts To Balance (as at 1st April, 2015) 35,000 To Subscriptions: 2014-15 25,000 2015-16 1,00,000 2016-17 2 0 , 000 1,45,000 To Rent (from the use of hall) 70,000 To Surplus from Entertainment 40,000 To Sale of Old Newspapers 10,000 3,00,000 Heads of Accounts Dr. ( ) Cr.( ) Cash in Hand 1,080 Cash at Bank 5,260 Purchases 81,350 Returns Outward 1,000 Sales 1,97,560 Returns Inward 1,360 Wages 20,960 Fuel and Power 9,460 Carriage on Sales 6,400 Carraige on Purchases 4,080 Opening Stock 11,520 Building 60,000 Freehold Land 20,000 Machinery 40,000 Salaries 30,000 Patents 15,000 General Expenses 6,000 Insurance 1,200 Capital 1,42,000 Drawings 10,490 Sundry Debtors 29,000 Sundry Creditors 12,600 Total 3,53,160 3,53,160 Payments By Salaries 1,40,000 By General Expenses 30,000 By Electric Caharges 20,000 By Books 50,000 By Newspapers 40,000 By Balance (as at 31 st March, 2016) 20,000 3,00,000 Crossing Social Science Hurdles Most importantly, Understand and Enjoy what you are doing. Then learning becomes fun. All the Best. Roopa Ravindran, National Public School, HSR Layout, Bengaluru S ocial science is a fascinating subject, with lots to explore and learn. Social science covers four major components: history, economics, geography and political science. Each component deals with one aspect of society which is essential to us. From history we learn how not to repeat the mistakes of the past. Geography teaches us how to sustain our environment. Economics teaches us the value of money, and political science educates us about the working of the government. Unfortunately, there are many students who find the going tough, as the syllabus is vast. Here are a few tips that students may find beneficial while learning social science STRATEGY 1 RACE STRATEGY 3: Have Concept Maps Concept mapping is a pedagogical technique that is used to visually provide the link from one sub-point to the other. It displays the connections between ideas. This is very useful especially while study- ing long answer questions. But make sure the key-words are chosen. Example: Rewrite the answer, Answer the question, Cite statements from the text, Explain your answer. Example: How was the history of Nationalism in Britain unlike the rest of Europe? Through the RACE strategy, students can recall the answer by memorising the following sub- headings. 1. Four ethnic groups in Britain 2. Act of Union 3. Scotland’s distinctive culture 4. Revolt led by Wolfe Tone 5. Symbols of New Britain STRATEGY 2 Mind Map STRATEGY 4 Date Chart STRATEGY 5 Flash Cards Use Flash Cards to remember important points: Example: Popular Struggles are inte- gral to the working of democracy? Explain with an example. Also use different colours to make it more appealing to the eye. Bolivia: a poor country in Latin America World Bank pressurised the government to give up its con- trol over municipal water supply Govt sold the right for the city of Cochabamba to an MNC Company increased the price of water 4 TIMES People received water bill of `1,000, where the average income is `5,000 This led to popular protest FEDECOR TOOK THE LEAD Power of people forced the gov- ernment to concede Contract with MNC — cancelled — water supply restored at old rates. Example: Trace how icons and symbols helped in unifying people during India’s freedom struggle. Through the Mind Map below, visualisation of the answer will become clearer for students Medha Girish, class IX, NPS HSR, Bengaluru “I am so bored! I need a break.” These words are often muttered in exasperation by senior school students cram- ming in lessons before the boards. That’s why study breaks are a must. What can we do to lessen the ennui? TAKE A BREAK , ENJOY IT! Get some fresh air Walking and cycling are two of my favourite activities. A bit of fresh air can be very rejuve- nating. In addition to this, I have found that a short session of computer games can be relaxing. However, overindul- gence, in any form, can be counter-productive. I can say from experience that snacking and nap- ping should be avoided as they make you drowsy and lethargic. Anjaneya Bajaj, class X, NPS HSR, Bengaluru Have a conversation To focus on studies, one has to take study breaks after every hour or two. Socialising with friends and family is a good way for us to utilise our breaks. The actual activity of engaging in face-to-face conversation stimulates the brain and helps us cope with the mental strain of studying for too long. Washing or splashing cold water on your face and going for short walks also helps in keeping your mind and mood fresh. Also, go out to feel rejuvenated. Ahana Srinath, class X, NPS HSR, Bengaluru Read a book Although it can be physi- cally tiring to even look at a story book during preparation time, reading fiction is a highly recommended break-time activity. In fact, read- ing a book that is completely unrelated to the study material, even for 15 min- utes, can alleviate a lot of mental stress. Sruthi Visvanathan, class X, NPS HSR, Bengaluru

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Page 1: Gautama Buddha NO ROOM FOR ERRORS OF COMMISSIONnie-images.s3.amazonaws.com/gall_content/2020/4/... · 4. Revolt led by Wolfe Tone 5. Symbols of New Britain STRATEGY 2 Mind Map STRATEGY

06 “Do not believe what your teacher tells youmerely out of respect for the teacher.”

Gautama Buddha MOCK PAPERS

To remember dates, thebest strategy is to make alist of the allthe dates inthe chap-ter in anascendingorderExample:

1916Champaran Satyagraha

1917Kheda Satyagraha

1918Ahmedabad Satyagraha

April 13, 1919Jallianwalla Bagh Massacreat Amritsar

1920Non-CooperationProgramme was adopted

1928Arrival of the SimonCommission in India

1929Purna Swaraj as the goal ofthe Indian NationalCongress

April 6, 1930Beginning of the CivilDisobedience Movement atDandi, Gujarat

Paste these dates in themost prominent area of thestudent’s room so that overa period of time it isingrained in one’s memory.

DIFFERENCE BETWEEN

Independent states coming together ontheir own to form a bigger unit

Increases security by pooling sover-eignty and retaining identity

Eg: USA, Switzerland & Australia

All constituent states have equal power

Centre is more powerful vis-a-vis the states

Constituent units of federation haveunequal powers

Eg: India, Spain & Belgium

Large country decides to dividepower between constitutional unitsand Centre

COMING TOGETHER HOLDING TOGETHER

PART-AQ.1 Which account should be debited for wagespaid for installation of machine? [1]

Q.2 What do you mean by opening entry? [1]

Q.3 Depreciation for the second year @ 10% on`15,000 purchase price will be _____ on theFixed Installment, whereas it will be ______onthe Diminishing Balance System. [1]

Q.4 Debts written off as bad, if recovered sub-sequently, should be credited to the DebtorsAccount. Is it correct? Give reasons. [1]

Q.5 Differentiate between Revenue Reserveand Capital Reserve. (Any 1 point) [1]

Q.6 Give one example of Error ofCommission. [1]

Q.7 Net Profit of a firm before charging man-ager's commission is `42,000. If a manager isentitled to 5% commission after charging suchcommission, calculate the commissionpayable to the manager. [1]

Q.8 Find the due date of a Bill of Exchangedated 1st December, 2017, payable after 60 days.

[1]

Q.9 Which account gives a fair idea about thecash position of a Not-For-ProfitOrganisation? [1]

Q.10 What is the basis of accounting followedwhile preparing the Income and ExpenditureAccount? [1]

Q.11 Distinguish between Reserve andProvision. (Any 3 points) [3]

Q.12 Pass journal entries for the followingtransactions: [3](1) Purchased goods worth `30,000 from Sohanand paid half by cash.(2) Rahul who owned `5000 was declared insolvent and 60 paise in a rupee are receivedas final compensation.(3) Goods given as charity `10,000.

Q.13 Prepare Ledger A/C's of Cash, Sohan andPurchases in Q.12 above. [3]

Q.14 Prepare Purchases Book for the followingtransactions: [3]2017April 1 Purchased goods from JoshiBrothers on credit

10 Philips tubelights @ `120 each50 Crompton bulbs @ `40 eachLess:- 10% Trade Discount

April 10 Purchased Goods from RajeshElectric Store

25 Heaters @ `500 each15 Sunny Fans @ `1000 eachLess:- 5% Trade Discount

Q.15 Record the following transactions ofMohan Lal & Co. in the proper subsidiary books: [3]2017Jan 1 Sold on credit to Grover & Co.:

10 Electric Irons @ `250 each; 5 ElectricStoves @ `150 each

Jan 10 Purchased for cash from Raja & Co.10 Electric Kettles @ `300 each

Jan 20 Returned to Grover & Co.5 Electric Irons being defective

Q.16 Explain: [3](a) Error of Omission(b) Revenue Reserve (c) Drawer

Q.17 On 1st January, 2017, A sold goods to B for`50,000 and on the same day drew upon him abill at 3 months for the amount. B accepted thebill and returned it to A. On 4th January, 2017,A discounted the bill with his bank at `49,000.On the due date, the bill was dishonoured andbank paid `1000 as noting charges. [4]Record these transactions in the Journal of A.

Q.18 From the following information, pre-pare a Trial Balance in the books of ShriHari as on 31st March,.2017: [4]Capital `1,40,000; Purchases `36,000; DiscountAllowed `1200; Carraige Outwards ‘2300; Plantand Machinery ̀ 80,700; Stock as on 1st April, 2016`15,500; Rent and Taxes ̀ 1200; Investments ̀ 3600;Commission Received `1800; Sundry Debtors`20,200; Sundry Creditors `12,000; Motorcycle`34,600; Cash in Hand ̀ 100; Cash at Bank ̀ 10,100;Carraige Inwards `8700; Sales `60,000; ReturnsInward `300; Returns Outward `700.

Q.19 Rectify the following errors by way ofJournal entries: [4](1) Goods purchased for `5000 were posted as`500 to the Purchases Account.(2) Goods purchased for `1000 for the proprietor's use were debited to the PurchasesAccount.(3) Total of Returns inward Book for Decemberhad been cast by `1000 short.(4) `10,000 paid as salary to the cashier Dhawandebited to his personal account.

Q.20 A firm purchased on 1st April, 2014 a sec-ond-hand machinery for `3,60,000 and incurredon its installation. [6]On 1st October in the same year, anothermachinery costing `2,00,000 was purchased. On1st October, 2016, machinery bought on 1st April,2014 was sold for `1,20,000 and a new machinepurchased for `6,40,000 on the same date.Depreciation is provided annually on 31st March @ 10% p.a. on the Written DownValue Method. Show the Machinery Account for the yearended 31st March, 2015 to 2017.

Q.21 Write a Double Column Cash Bookwith cash and Bank columns form the fol-lowing transactions: [6]2017 March ‘1 Cash in Hand 15,0003 Purchased goods for cash 6,0005 Deposited in bank 5,0008 Cash Sales 10,00010 Cash withdrawn from bank for office use

2,00012 Received cash from Damini 3,00015 Received cheque from Dolly and depositedin the bank on same day 2,00018 Received cheque from Deepak (not banked)

5,00019 Cheque received from Deepak deposited inbank24 Paid to Chander by cheque 2,50027 Withdrew from bank for personal use 1,50028 Sold goods on credit to Ashok Mitra 4,00030 Purchased goods on credit from Chander

5,00031 Received cheque from Ashok Mitra anddeposited in bank 2,00031 Bank Charges for the month 100

Q.22 Prepare Bank ReconciliationStatement as on 30th June, 2017 for JyotiSales Private Limited from the followinginformation given below: [8](i) Bank Overdraft as per Cash Book on 30th

June, 2017 `1,10,450(ii) Cheques issued on 20th June, 2017 but not yetpresented. `15,000(iii) Cheques deposited but not yet credited bythe bank. `22,750(iv) Bills for collection not advised by the bankbut credited to the account. `47,200(v) Interest debited by the bank on 27th June,2017 but no advice received. `12,115(vi) Subsidy received from the authorities bythe bank on our behalf, credited to the account.

`22,000(vii) Amount wrongly debited by the bank.

`2,400(viii) Amount wrongly credited by the bank.

`5,000

Q.23From the following Receipts and PaymentsAccount of Defence Club and from the informa-tion supplied, prepare Income and ExpenditureAccount for the year ended 31st March, 2016 andBalance Sheet as at that date: [8]

Receipts and Payments Accountfor the year ended on 31st March, 2016

Dr.

Cr.

Additional Information:(i) The club has 50 members each paying an an-nual subscription of `2500. Subscriptions Out-standing on 31st March, 2015 were to the extentof `30,000. (ii) On 31st March, 2016, Salaries Outstanding amounted to ̀ 10,000. Salaries paidin 2015-16 included `30,000 for the year 2014-15.(iii) On 1st April, 2015, the club owned Buildingvalued at `10,00,000; Furniture worth `1,00,000and Books `1,00,000.

Q.24 Following is the Trial Balance of Mrs S.S.on 31st March, 2017: [12]

Taking into account the following adjustments,pass necessary Journal entries and prepareTrading and Profit and Loss Account andBalance Sheet:1) Stock in Hand on 31st March, 2017 is `13,600.2) Machinery is to be depreciated @ 10% andpatents @ 20%. 3) Salaries for the month ofMarch, 2017 amounted to `3000 were unpaid. 4)Insurance included a premium of `170 for nextyear. 5) Wages include a sum of `4000 spent onthe erection of a cycle shed for employees andcustomers. 6. A provision for Doubtful Debts is to be created to the extent of 5% on SundryDebtors.

NO ROOM FOR ERRORS OF COMMISSION

These questions and the marks alongside aremeant for practice purpose only. Students are

advised to check format, syllabus and marks forBoard test papers with their teachers. Questions

have been given by teachers and NIE is notresponsible for them.

MOCK PAPER

ACCOUNTANCY

CLASS: XI, CBSE

St Kabir School, Ahmedabad, helps you strengthen Accountancy basics to gain good marks at Boards

Receipts ‘

To Balance (as at 1st April, 2015) 35,000

To Subscriptions:

2014-15 25,000

2015-16 1,00,000

2016-17 20,000 1,45,000

To Rent (from the use of hall) 70,000

To Surplus from Entertainment 40,000

To Sale of Old Newspapers 10,000

3,00,000

Heads of Accounts Dr. ( ‘ ) Cr.( ‘ )

Cash in Hand 1,080

Cash at Bank 5,260

Purchases 81,350

Returns Outward 1,000

Sales 1,97,560

Returns Inward 1,360

Wages 20,960

Fuel and Power 9,460

Carriage on Sales 6,400

Carraige on Purchases 4,080

Opening Stock 1 1,520

Building 60,000

Freehold Land 20,000

Machinery 40,000

Salaries 30,000

Patents 15,000

General Expenses 6,000

Insurance 1,200

Capital 1,42,000

Drawings 10,490

Sundry Debtors 29,000

Sundry Creditors 12,600

Total 3,53,160 3,53,160

Payments ‘

By Salaries 1,40,000

By General Expenses 30,000

By Electric Caharges 20,000

By Books 50,000

By Newspapers 40,000

By Balance (as at 31st March, 2016) 20,000

3,00,000

Crossing Social Science Hurdles

Most importantly, Understand and Enjoy what you are doing. Then learning becomes fun. All the Best.Roopa Ravindran, National Public School, HSR Layout, Bengaluru

Social science is a fascinating subject, with lots to explore and learn. Social science covers fourmajor components: history, economics, geography and political science. Each component dealswith one aspect of society which is essential to us. From history we learn how not to repeat the

mistakes of the past. Geography teaches us how to sustain our environment. Economics teaches us thevalue of money, and political science educates us about the working of the government. Unfortunately,there are many students who find the going tough, as the syllabus is vast. Here are a few tips that students may find beneficial while learning social science

STRATEGY 1RACE

STRATEGY 3: Have Concept MapsConcept mapping is a pedagogical technique thatis used to visually providethe link from one sub-pointto the other. It displays theconnections between ideas.This is very usefulespeciallywhile study-ing longanswerquestions.But make surethe key-words are chosen.Example:

RRewrite the answer, AAnswer the question, CCitestatements from the text, EExplain your answer.Example: How was the history of Nationalism inBritain unlike the rest of Europe?Through the RACE strategy, students can recallthe answer by memorising the following sub-headings.

1. Four ethnic groups in Britain

2. Act of Union

3. Scotland’s distinctive culture

4. Revolt led by Wolfe Tone

5. Symbols of New Britain

STRATEGY 2Mind Map

STRATEGY 4

Date ChartSTRATEGY 5

Flash CardsUse Flash Cards to remember important points:Example: Popular Struggles are inte-gral to the working of democracy?Explain with an example.Also use different colours to make itmore appealing to the eye.

Bolivia: a poor country in LatinAmerica

World Bank pressurised the government to give up its con-trol over municipal water supply

Govt sold the right for the cityof Cochabamba to an MNC

Company increased the price ofwater 4 TIMES

People received water bill of `1,000, where the averageincome is `5,000

This led to popular protestFEDECOR TOOK THE LEAD

Power of people forced the gov-ernment to concede

Contract with MNC — cancelled —water supply restored at oldrates.

Example: Trace how icons and symbols helped inunifying people during India’s freedom struggle.Through the Mind Map below, visualisation of theanswer will become clearer for students

Medha Girish, class IX, NPS HSR, Bengaluru

“I am so bored! I need a break.” These words are oftenmuttered in exasperation by senior school students cram-ming in lessons before the boards. That’s why studybreaks are a must. What can we do to lessen the ennui?

TAKE A BREAK,

ENJOY IT!

Get some fresh airWalking and cycling aretwo of my favouriteactivities. A bit of freshair can be very rejuve-nating. In addition tothis, I have found thata short session ofcomputer games canbe relaxing.However, overindul-gence, in any form, canbe counter-productive. Ican say from experiencethat snacking and nap-ping should be avoidedas they make you drowsyand lethargic.

Anjaneya Bajaj, class X,NPS HSR, Bengaluru

Have a conversationTo focus on studies, one has to take study breaks afterevery hour or two. Socialising with friends and family is agood way for us to utilise our breaks. The actual activityof engaging in face-to-face conversation stimulates the

brain and helps us cope with the mental strain ofstudying for too long. Washing or splashing cold

water on your face and going for shortwalks also helps in keeping your

mind and mood fresh. Also, goout to feel rejuvenated.

Ahana Srinath, class X,NPS HSR, Bengaluru

Read a bookAlthough it can be physi-cally tiring to even lookat a story book duringpreparation time, reading

fiction is a highlyrecommended

break-timeactivity. Infact, read-ing a book

that is completely

unrelated to the studymaterial, even for 15 min-utes, can alleviate a lot ofmental stress.

Sruthi Visvanathan, classX, NPS HSR, Bengaluru