g. dodbiba 1 , k.takahashi 1 , t. furuyama 2 , j. sadaki 1 , t. kamo 3 , and t. fujita 1

Life Cycle Assessment: A Tool for Evaluating and Comparing Different Treatment Options for Plastic WastesG. Dodbiba 1, K.Takahashi 1, T. Furuyama 2,J. Sadaki 1, T. Kamo 3, and T. Fujita 11. Department of Geosystem Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Japan2. Department of Earth Resource Engineering, Kyushu University, Japan3. National Institute of Advance Industrial Science and Technology, Japan

Outline1. LCA Methodology (ISO 14040)

2. LCA of Plastic Wastes from Discarded TV Sets

3. Concluding Remarks

Scope of LCA to evaluate or compare the life cycle of products

Life-Cycle Stages and Boundaries(Source: EPA, 1993)

Raw materials acquisition

Manufacturing

Energy

Use / Re-use / Maintenance

Recycle / Waste management

System boundary

Inputs

Water effluens

Airborn emissions

Solid waste

Other enviromental releases

Usable products

Outputs

Raw materials

Methodology: Life Cycle Assessment, (ISO 14040)Phase 1:Phase 2:Phase 3:Phase 4:(Source: Consoli et.al., 1993)

Aim of Study to evaluate and compare different recycling options for plastic wastes from old TV sets in context of LCA

Compositions of a TV Set (weight %)(Source: O. Murakami, Mitsubishi Elec. ADVANCE, pp. 6-9, 2001).

Chart6

12

8

2

51

10.5

3

13.5

Murakami

Content

TV Set

Steel12

Copper8

Aluminium2

Glass51

PE1

PS6

PVC3.510.5

Circuit board3

Other13.5

100

Matsushita

Content

TV Set

Steel12

Copper8

Aluminium2

Glass51

Plastics10.5

Circuit board3

Other13.5

PE1

PS6

PVC3.5

Murakami

12

8

2

51

1

6

3.5

3

13.5

Compositions of a TV Set

Japan Almanac

0

0

0

Sheet3

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

Japan Almanac 2004, pp. 132

Color TV Production

19706,399,000

198011,661,000

198517,897,000

199013,243,000

19957,890,000

20002,383,000

20011,659,000

20021,480,000

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

Year

Sets

Production of TV sets in Japan

Source: Association for Home Electrical Appliances of Japanhttp://www.aeha.or.jp/assessment/en/english_flame.html Conventional Recycling System for TV sets

Objective to compare two different recycling options for plastic wastes from old TV sets in context of LCA.

Option 1: Incineration of plastics for energy recovery (also known as thermal recycling)

Option 2: Sorting plastics for mechanical recycling (also know as material recycling)

Outline1. LCA Methodology (ISO 14040)

2. LCA of Plastic Wastes from Discarded TV Sets

3. Concluding Remarks

Phase 1:(Source: Consoli et.al., 1993)Methodology: Life Cycle Assessment, (ISO 14040)

Phase 1 of LCA: Goal Definition and Scopea. Subject of the study are plastic wastes from old TV sets (display: 25, weight = 30 kg), which contain:

b. Functional unit: is defined as 1.8 million TV sets per year, over a period of 10 years.PS (6.0 wt%, i.e. 1.80 kg),PVC (3.5 wt%, i.e. 1.05 kg), PE (1.0 wt%, i.e. 0.30 kg).

Special cases: (1). Energy recovery, i.e. c = 0 %;(2). Mechanical recycling, i.e. c = 100 % and r = 67 %Life-cycle of plastics for TV sets

The data of the processes, namely:

were from the LCA database of the Japan Environmental Management Association for Industry (JEMAI).

Phase 2 of LCA: Inventory analysisa) Data collectionproduction of PS,production of PVC,production of PE,production of electricity,production of a TV set,

Option 1: Incineration of 1 kg plastic materialEnergy generated:PS 9,604 kcal/kg PVC 4,300 kcal/kgPE 11,140 kcal/kg

Emission:2,640 g CO2 /kgSource: K. Krekeler et al., Kunstsoffe, 55/10, pp. 758, 1965Phase 2 of LCA: Inventory analysisa) Data collectionSource: Ministry of Environment of Japan, Guidelines, 2004

PS1050PE9601st Step2nd StepOption 2: Separation of plastic wastes prior to mechanical recycling

Option 2: Separation of plastic wastes(by combining triboelectric separation and air tabling)Energy:0. 74 kWh/kgTriboelectric separator0.04 kWh/kgAir table0.66 kWh/kgSize reduction0.02 kWh/kgSieving0.02 kWh/kg

Recovery of products: 67 % Grade of products:> 95 %Phase 2 of LCA: Inventory analysisa) Data collection

Phase 2 of LCA: Inventory analysisb) Theoretical calculations

The categories of the environmental impacts:

a) Abiotic resources:ADP (in kg Sb eq.)

b) Global warming:GWP (in kg CO2 eq.)Phase 3 of LCA: Impact assessment

Phase 3 of LCA: Impact assessment a) Depletion of Abiotic Resources, (ADP)

Phase 3 of LCA: Impact assessment b) Global Warming Potential (GWP)

Chart1

451228644.29446334343918.62886

588092.4194070.492

3658.9286861.176

403418.9247234242.8665

105706.593198219.669

Energy Recovery: Option 1

Mechanical Recycling: Option 2

GWP(i), (kg CO2 eq.)

Sheet1

PS, (Materials)PVC, (Materials)Electricity, (MATERIAL)

naphtha, (kg)0.9620.435Coal (g)57.21

Liquefied petroleum gas, LPG, (kg)0.0140.009LPG (g)1.72

, (kg)0.0250.016Natural gas (g)0.7025

Additive agent, (kg)0.0130.007Petroleum (ml)13.99

Oxygen gas (liquefied oxygen is included)(), (kg)0.0120.124Crude oil (ml)12.39

Industrial salt, (kg)00.618LNG (g)49.1

gasoline (g)0.2448

Energy, (PS)Energy, PVCCOG (g)0.9594

Electric power, kWh, kWh0.1330.29

Light oil, kcal600.4751.8

Heavy oilA, kcal600.4751.8

Heavy oilC, kcal600.4751.8

naphtha, kcal2408.72344.7

Liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), kcal271253.5

Natural, kcal86.284.3

OUTPUT, (PS)

Output products (a subproduct, middle product, etc.)PS, PVC

Loss, (kg)0.0750.039

Environmental load substance (atmosphere)PS, PVC, AirElectricity, Environmental load substance (atmosphere)

CO2 (g)13871105Carbon dioxide353

CH4(mg)310Methane0

HCF (mg00hydrofluorocarbonHFC, (g/kWh)0.000013

PFC (mg)00perfluorocarbonPFC, (g/kWh)0

N2O (mg)0.20.2Dinitrigen oxide0.0021

SF6 (mg)00Sulfur hexaflouride0.000044

Nox (g)1.241.01Sulfur oxides0.14

Sox (g)0.2620.313Nitrogen oxides0.18

(g)0.2232.77Dust, (g/kWh)0.0074

(mg)34.929.6

(mg)1.10.13

(mg)0.60.82

(mg)06.24

Environmental load substance (water quality)PS, PVC,

BOD (mg)42.8160Electricity, [Environmental load substance (water quality)]

Chemical Oxygen DemandCOD (mg)64.82680.00015

Solid suspend (mg)47.81000.000062

(mg)4.27.7

T-Ni (mg)119152

oil (mg)0.823.9

Phenol (mg)0.11.43

Processing consignment wastePS, PVC,

(mg)1730889

(mg)5051180

(mg)8721130

(mg)67788

(mg)0.60

(mg)3.20

Private processing wastePS, PVC,

(mg)68244

(mg)20266

Bond Method

Bond's Method

W - Specific work (kWh/t) required to reduce a unit of wheight of material with 80% finer than some diameter Df, to produce with 80% finer than some diameter Dp

Wi - work index, a factor that is a function of the material processed.

Dp - Diamer of 80% of material after size-reducing

Df - Diameter of 80 % of feed

Plastics

ProductFeedWork indexWork/EnergyWork indexWork/Energy

Dp (mm)Df (mm)Wi (kWh/ton)W (kWh/ton)Wi (kWh/kg)W (kWh/kg)

Case 12.63513.8123.400.010.02

Case 21.6325013.8199.430.010.10

SME Vol. 1, pp. 3A-27

Raw Data - Inventory

ProcessIncineration of plastics for energy recovery

Functional unit100kg plastics

Unit processes

p - Process vector123

Production of PS (1 kg)Production of PVC (1 kg)Production of PE (1 kg)Production of electricity (1 kWh)Production of TV

Economic outflows (kg)

1naphtha, (kg)0.9620.4350.959

2Liquefied petroleum gas, LPG, LPG (kg)0.0140.0090.020.00172

3Natural gas liquid, (kg)0.0250.0160.035

4Additive agent, (kg)0.0130.0070.004

5Oxygen gas (liquefied oxygen is included)(), (kg)0.0120.124

6Industrial salt, (kg)00.618

Coal (kg)0.05721

Natural gas (kg)0.0007025

Petroleum (L)0.01399

Crude oil (L)0.01239

LNG (kg)0.0491

gasoline (kg)0.0002448

cokeCOG (COG (kg)0.0009594

Energy (kcal)4567.14937.93540.8

Electric power, kWhElectric power, kWh0.1330.290.089.4

Light oil, kcal600.4751.8471.4

Heavy oilA, kcal600.4751.8471.41.07

Heavy oilC, kcal600.4751.8471.4

naphtha, kcal2408.72344.71882.5

(LPG), Liquefied petroleum gas, kcal271253.5176.7

Natural gas liquids, kcal86.284.367.4

, m33.44

Output products (a subproduct, middle product, etc.)

Loss, (kg)0.0750.0390.014kg

Environmental load substance (atmosphere)

Carbon dioxide13871105980.35353

Methane0.031050

hydrofluorocarbonHCF (g)0000.000013

perfluorocarbonPFC (g)0000

Dinitrigen oxide0.00020.00020.20.0021

Sulfur hexaflouride0000.000044

Nitrogen oxides1.241.010.9420.18

Sulfur oxides0.2620.3130.2170.14

(g)0.2232.771.9290

Dust (g)0.03490.0296210.0074

0.00110.000130

(g)0.00060.000820.40

(g)00.0062400

Environmental load substance (water quality)

Chemical Oxygen Demand64.8268340.15

Solid suspend47.8100160.062

Biochemical Oxygen DemandBOD (mg)42.816024

(mg)4.27.73

T-Ni (mg)11915294

oil (mg)0.823.90.5

Phenol (mg)0.11.430.1

Processing consignment wastePS, PVC,

Waste plastic, (mg) (mg)17308891800

Inorganic nature sludge, (mg) (mg)5051180190

Dust (mg) (mg)8721130772

(mg) (mg)67788250

Acid waste,(mg) (mg)0.6067

waste alkaline, (mg) (mg)3.2083

Private processing wastePS, PVC,

Waste oil, (mg) (mg)682441850

Organic impurities, (mg) (mg)20266347

p - Process vector

Production of PE (1 kg)

Economic outflows (kg)

Naphtha, (kg)0.959

LPG, (kg)0.02

NGL, (kg)0.035

Additive agent, (kg)0.004

Electric power, kWh0.08

Light oil, (kcal)471.4

Heavy oil, type A, (kcal)471.4

Heavy oil, type C, (kcal)471.4

Naphtha, (kcal)1882.5

LPG, (kcal)176.7

NGL, (kcal)67.4

Environmental load substance (atmosphere)

980.35

5

0.2

0.942

0.217

(g)1.929

Dust (g)21

(g)0.4

Environmental load substance (water quality)

34

16

BOD (mg)24

3

T-Ni, (mg)94

Oil, (mg)0.5

Phenol, (mg)0.1

Naphtha: A volatile, colorless product of petroleum distillation. Used primarily as a paint solvent, cleaning fluid, and blendstock in gasoline production.

Naphtha:A product of crude oil or condensate refining which boils in roughly the same range as motor gasoline.

In general, the naphtha distillation range spans from a bit less than 100 F, the boiling point of pentanes, through 300-400 F, depending on the intentions and needs of the refiner.

The trade refers to this entire C5 to 300-400 F cut as whole or full-range naphtha. Refiners often produce two separate naphtha cuts when they distill crude, a light and a heavy fraction. They have rule-of-thumb boiling ranges of C5 through 175-200 F and 175-200 through 300-400 F. Refiners obtain naphthas from conversion units in addition to the straight-run streams from crude distillation. Catalytic crackers and cokers, in particular, produce cracked streams which boil in the naphtha range. See light naphtha, heavy naphtha, hydrocrackate, naphthenic naphtha, paraffinic naphtha, and whole naphtha.

Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG): Propane, butane, or propane-butane mixtures derived from crude oil refining or natural gas fractionation. For convenience of transportation, these gases are liquefied through pressurization.

Butane and propane separated from natural gasoline and sold in liquid form as fuel. Commonly referred to as bottled gas, tank gas, or simply LPG;

liquefied petroleum gases; hydrocarbon gases under low pressureMost people call it propane;

Natural Gas Liquids (NGL): A general term for all liquid products separated from natural gas in a gas processing plant. NGLs include propane, butane, ethane, and natural gasoline.

Also referred to as NGLs. Can be ethane, butane, propane, or a propane-butane mix.

Natural Gas: A naturally occurring mixture of hydrocarbon and non-hydrocarbon gases found in porous rock formations. Its principal component is methane.

Petroleum: A natural mixture of hydrocarbons in gaseous, liquid, or solid form.

A mixture of hydrocarbons that exists as a liquid in natural underground reservoirs and remains liquid at atmospheric pressure after passing through surface separating facilities.

Crude is the raw material which is refined into gasoline, heating oil, jet fuel, propane, petrochemicals, and other products.

Liquified natural gas (LNG): Natural gas that has been liquified for ease of transport by cooling the gas to -162C. Natural gas has 600 times the volume of LNG.

Methaneliquefied natural gas, i.e.: natural gas that is very, very cold; it is usually more than 98 percent pure methane

Gasoline, Straight-Run: Also known as raw gasoline. Gasoline which is obtained directly from crude oil by fractional distillation. Straight-run gasoline generally must be upgraded to meet current motor fuel specifications.

Light crude: Oil with a gravity of 28 degrees API or higher. High-quality light crude has a gravity of 40 degrees or higher.

Density: The gravity of crude oil. Density is measured in kilograms of large, carbon-rich molecules per cubic metre or degrees on the American Petroleum Institute (API) gravity scale.

API gravity: The American Petroleum Institute scale used to express the specific gravity of oils.

Heavy crude: Oil with a gravity below 28 degrees API. Recovery generally involves an application of heat and steam. Canadian pipelines generally require oil to have a gravity of at least 21:2 degrees API. Heavier crudes must be blended with condensate or NGLs to be shipped by pipeline.

TSS (mg/l)- "Total Suspended Solids" is the visible and suspended matter in water. It is determined as the weight of matter that remains on a filter when dried at a specific temperature.

BOD (mg/l)- measured here in milligrams per liter, "Biochemical Oxygen Demand" is the amount of oxygen required by bacteria for the biological decomposition of organic matter.










Light crude: Oil with a gravity of 28 degrees API or higher. High-quality light crude has a gravity of 40 degrees or higher.

Density: The gravity of crude oil. Density is measured in kilograms of large, carbon-rich molecules per cubic metre or degrees on the American Petroleum Institute (API) gravity scale.

API gravity: The American Petroleum Institute scale used to express the specific gravity of oils.

Heavy crude: Oil with a gravity below 28 degrees API. Recovery generally involves an application of heat and steam. Canadian pipelines generally require oil to have a gravity of at least 21:2 degrees API. Heavier crudes must be blended with condensate or NGLs to be shipped by pipeline.



1_INVENTORY-inceneration

ProcessIncineration of plastics for energy recovery

Functional unit10years

1 year1,800,000units

1 TV set30kg100.000

1.80kg PS57.14285714285710000000

1.05kg PVC33.33333333333330000000

0.30kg PE9.52380952380952000000

Energy from inceneration

PS3,240,000kg/year3240T/yearPS9,604kcal/kg

PVC1,890,000kg/year1890T/yearPVC4,300kcal/kg

PE540,000kg/year540T/yearPE11,140kcal/kg

p - Process vectorUnit processes57 / 33 / 10 %

1234567

Production of PSProduction of PVCProduction of PEProduction of electricity (1 kWh)Production of a TV set (PS:PVC:PE = 1.8 : 1.05 : 0.3 kg)Use of TV set (unit/yrs)Incineration of PlasticsFinal demand

1PS (kg)1000-3240000000

2PVC (kg)0100-1890000000

3PE (kg)0010-540000000

4Electricity (kWh)-0.133-0.29-0.081-169200000110809380

5TV set (No)00001800000-180000000

6Collected Plastic waste (kg)000005670000-56700000

7USE of TV Set (years)000001010

1 kcal1.1622E-03kWh

1Energy from Resources (kcal)-4567.1-4937.9-3540.8-860.4207-1.4558E+100045,401,264,554

2Energy from combustion (kcal)00000045401277600

3, (kg)Naphtha (kg)-0.962-0.435-0.9590000

4, LPG (kg)(LPG), Liquefied petroleum gas, (kg)-0.014-0.009-0.02-0.00172000

5, (kg)(NGL), Natural gas liquid (kg)-0.025-0.016-0.0350000

6(), (kg)Oxygen gas (liquefied oxygen is included), kg-0.012-0.12400000

7Coal (kg)000-0.05721000

8Natural gas (kg)000-0.0007025000

9Petroleum (L)000-0.01399000

10Crude oil (L)000-0.01239000

11LNG (kg)000-0.0491000

12gasoline (kg)000-0.0002448000

13COG (COG, Coke oven gas (kg)000-0.0009594000

14Carbon dioxide13871105980.3535319494000000014968800000

15Methane0.031050000

16HydrofluorocarbonHCF (g)0000.000013000

17Dinitrigen oxide0.00020.00020.20.0021000

18Sulfur hexaflouride0000.000044000

19Nitrogen oxides1.241.010.9420.181528200000

20Sulfur oxides0.2620.3130.2170.145857200000

21 (g)0.2232.771.9290000

22 (g)Dust, (g)0.03490.0296210.0074000

230.00110.0001300000

24 (g)0.00060.000820.40000

25 (g)00.0062400000

26Chemical Oxygen Demand (mg)64.8268340.15000

27Solid suspend, (mg)47.8100160.062000

28BOD (mg)Biochemical Oxygen Demand, (mg)42.8160240000

29 (mg)T-P, (mg)4.27.730000

30 (mg)T-Ni, (mg)119152940000

31 (mg)Oil, (mg)0.823.90.50000

32 (mg)Phenol, (mg)0.11.430.10000

Calculated

Kappa23,477,076,297,723

12345678

Production of PSProduction of PVCProduction of PEProduction of electricity (1 kWh)Production of a TV set (PS:PVC:PE = 1.8 : 1.05 : 0.3 kg)Use of TV set (unit/yrs)Incineration of PlasticsFinal demand

1PS (kg)32,400,000000-32,400,000000

2PVC (kg)018,900,00000-18,900,000000

3PE (kg)005,400,0000-5,400,000000

4Electricity (kWh)-4,309,200-5,481,000-432,000100,519,701-169,200,000078902499.450

5TV set (No)000018,000,000-1800000000

6Collected TV set (No)00000000

7USE of TV Set (years)0000056700000-5670000010

00000100

1Energy from Resources (kcal)-147,974,040,000-93,326,310,000-19,120,320,000-86,489,226,261000-346,909,896,260.76

2Energy from combustion (kcal)000000188,101,440,000188,101,440,000.00

3Naphtha (kg)-31,168,800-8,221,500-5,178,6000000-44,568,900.00

4(LPG), Liquefied petroleum gas, (kg)-453,600-170,100-108,000-172,894000-904,593.88

5(NGL), Natural gas liquid (kg)-810,000-302,400-189,0000000-1,301,400.00

6Oxygen gas (liquefied oxygen is included), kg-388,800-2,343,60000000-2,732,400.00

7Coal (kg)000-5,750,732000-5,750,732.07

8Natural gas (kg)000-70,615000-70,615.09

9Petroleum (L)000-1,406,271000-1,406,270.61

10Crude oil (L)000-1,245,439000-1,245,439.09

11LNG (kg)000-4,935,517000-4,935,517.30

12gasoline (kg)000-24,607000-24,607.22

13COG, Coke oven gas (kg)000-96,439000-96,438.60

1444,938,800,00020,884,500,0005,293,890,00035,483,454,294194,940,000,0000149,688,000,000451,228,644,294.46

151,004,400027,000,000000028,004,400.00

16HCF (g)0001,3070001,306.76

176,4803,7801,080,000211,0910001,301,351.37

180004,4230004,422.87

1940,176,00019,089,0005,086,80018,093,546152,820,00000235,265,346.10

208,488,8005,915,7001,171,80014,072,758585,720,00000615,369,058.08

21 (g)7,225,20052,353,00010,416,600000069,994,800.00

22Dust, (g)1,130,760559,440113,400,000743,846000115,834,045.78

2335,6402,4570000038,097.00

24 (g)19,44015,4982,160,00000002,194,938.00

25 (g)0117,93600000117,936.00

26Chemical Oxygen Demand (mg)2,099,520,0005,065,200,000183,600,00015,077,9550007,363,397,955.08

27Solid suspend, (mg)1,548,720,0001,890,000,00086,400,0006,232,2210003,531,352,221.43

28Biochemical Oxygen Demand, (mg)1,386,720,0003,024,000,000129,600,00000004,540,320,000.00

29T-P, (mg)136,080,000145,530,00016,200,0000000297,810,000.00

30T-Ni, (mg)3,855,600,0002,872,800,000507,600,00000007,236,000,000.00

31Oil, (mg)25,920,000451,710,0002,700,0000000480,330,000.00

32Phenol, (mg)3,240,00027,027,000540,000000030,807,000.00



















a by-product of coke manufacture

2640 g/kg

kWh needded

9604 (PS) + 4300 (PVC) + 11140 (PE)= kcal/kg













9604 (PS) + 4300 (ABS) = 13904 kcal/kg

13904 kcal/kg x 0.6 (60 % recovery) = 8342.4 kcal/0.6 kg

2_INVENTORY-Rec

1. Power supply

Power: 20000 V (DC) x 0.005 A = 100 W

Energy: 100 W x 3/360 hr = 0.83 Wh or 8.33 x 10^-4 kWh (per mass of sample, 100 gr)

Or 0.0083 kWh/kg (plastic mixture)

2. Blower (Max power 500 W):

Effective power: 500 x (35/110) volts = 175 W or 0.175 kW

Energy: 0.175 kW x (1/60) hr = 0.00292 kWh (per mass of sample, 100 gr)Plastic in TV (kg)per Year

Or 0.0292 kWh/kg (plastics mixture)Energy from inceneration

3. Total Power consumption:PS9,604kcal/kg1.83240000

0.0083 + 0.0292 = 0.0375 kWh/kg (plastic mixture)PVC4,300kcal/kg1.051890000

PE11,140kcal/kg

Air table

4 kW x 1/60 hr = 0.067 kWh (per 100 gr. Sample)

0.67 kWh/kg0.3540000

Shredder15.19 kWh/t0.01519kWh/kgDemand for TV1,800,000

15 kW x 5/60 hr = 1.25 kWh (per 100 gr sample)

12.5 kWh/kgPlastic collected for separation - rate1

Plastic collected for separation - rate0

TotalRecovery PS0.670.67

0.0375 + 0.67 + 0.01519 = 0.72269 kWh/kg0.74kwh/kgRecovery PVC0.67

Recovery PE0.67

Eectricity for production of 1 TV set9.4kWh/TV set(a15+a25+a35) (c p-r)

ProcessSeparation of plastics for mechanical recycling

-(a1,5 + a2,5+a35) ((2 c - 1) p-r)2,170,8000

1,266,3000

Unit processes57 / 33 / 10 %361,8000


Production of PS (1 kg)Production of PVC (1 kg)Production of PE (1 kg)Production of electricity (1 kWh)Production of a TV set (PS:PVC:PE = 1.8 : 1.05 : 0.3 kg)Consumption of TV sets and generation of plastis wasteTV setRecovery of plasticsIncineration of PlasticsFinal demand

1PS (kg)1000-324000002170800.00010

2PVC (kg)0100-189000001266300.00020

3PE (kg)0010-5400000361800.00030

4Electricity (kWh)-0.133-0.29-0.081-169200000-4195800.002603782.48240

5TV set (No)00001800000-18000000050

6Collected plastics for separation(kg)000005670000-5670000060

7Waste plastic for inceneration (kg)0000001871100-1871100.00070


1 kcal1.1622E-03kWh

0.15efficiency

1Energy from Resources (kcal)-4567.1-4937.9-3540.8000002,590,737


3, (kg)Naphtha (kg)-0.962-0.435-0.95900000

4, LPG (kg)(LPG), Liquefied petroleum gas, (kg)-0.014-0.009-0.02-0.001720000

5, (kg)(NGL), Natural gas liquid (kg)-0.025-0.016-0.03500000

6(), (kg)Oxygen gas (liquefied oxygen is included), kg-0.012-0.124000000

7Coal (kg)000-0.057210000

8Natural gas (kg)000-0.00070250000

9Petroleum (L)000-0.013990000

10Crude oil (L)000-0.012390000

11LNG (kg)000-0.04910000

12gasoline (kg)000-0.00024480000

13COG (COG, Coke oven gas (kg)000-0.00095940000

14Carbon dioxide13871105980.3535319494000000004939704000.00001

15Methane0.0310500000

16HydrofluorocarbonHCF (g)0000.0000130000

17Dinitrigen oxide0.00020.00020.20.00210000

18Sulfur hexaflouride0000.0000440000

19Nitrogen oxides1.241.010.9420.1815282000000

20Sulfur oxides0.2620.3130.2170.1458572000000

21 (g)0.2232.771.92900000

22 (g)Dust, (g)0.03490.0296210.00740000

230.00110.00013000000

24 (g)0.00060.000820.400000

25 (g)00.00624000000

26Chemical Oxygen Demand (mg)64.8268340.150000

27Solid suspend, (mg)47.8100160.0620000

28BOD (mg)Biochemical Oxygen Demand, (mg)42.81602400000

29 (mg)T-P, (mg)4.27.7300000

30 (mg)T-Ni, (mg)1191529400000

31 (mg)Oil, (mg)0.823.90.500000

32 (mg)Phenol, (mg)0.11.430.100000

0

0

0

0

0

Calculated0

Collection 63.889 %0

Recovery 91.667%20

Unit processes57 / 33 / 10 %


Production of PS (1 kg)Production of PVC (1 kg)Production of PE (1 kg)Production of electricity (1 kWh)Production of a TV set (PS:PVC:PE = 1.8 : 1.05 : 0.3 kg)Use of TV set (unit/yrs)Recovery of plasticsIncineration of PlasticsFinal demand

1PS (kg)10,692,000000-32,400,000021,708,00000

2PVC (kg)06,237,00000-18,900,000012,663,00000

3PE (kg)001,782,0000-5,400,00003,618,00000

4Electricity (kWh)-1,422,036-1,808,730-142,560188,493,501-169,200,0000-41,958,00026,037,8250

5TV set (No)000018,000,000-18,000,000000

6Collected TV set (No)0000056,700,000-56,700,00000

7Waste plastics (kg)00000018,711,000-18,711,0000


1Energy from Resources (kcal)-48,831,433,210-30,797,682,306-6,309,705,601-162,183,701,1280000-248,122,522,245.61

2Energy from combustion (kcal)000000062,073,475,21362,073,475,212.60

3Naphtha (kg)-10,285,704-2,713,095-1,708,93800000-14,707,737.00

4(LPG), Liquefied petroleum gas, (kg)-149,688-56,133-35,640-324,2090000-565,669.82

5(NGL), Natural gas liquid (kg)-267,300-99,792-62,37000000-429,462.00

6Oxygen gas (liquefied oxygen is included), kg-128,304-773,388000000-901,692.00

7Coal (kg)000-10,783,7130000-10,783,713.20

8Natural gas (kg)000-132,4170000-132,416.68

9Petroleum (L)000-2,637,0240000-2,637,024.08

10Crude oil (L)000-2,335,4340000-2,335,434.48

11LNG (kg)000-9,255,0310000-9,255,030.91

12gasoline (kg)000-46,1430000-46,143.21

13COG, Coke oven gas (kg)000-180,8410000-180,840.67

1414,829,804,0036,891,885,0011,746,983,70066,538,205,914194,940,000,0000049,397,040,010334,343,918,628.86

15331,45208,910,000000009,241,452.00

16HCF (g)0002,45000002,450.42

172,1381,247356,400395,8360000755,622.15

180008,29400008,293.71

1913,258,0806,299,3701,678,64433,928,830152,820,000000207,984,924.22

202,801,3041,952,181386,69426,389,090585,720,000000617,249,269.17

21 (g)2,384,31617,276,4903,437,4780000023,098,284.00

22Dust, (g)373,151184,61537,422,0001,394,852000039,374,617.92

2311,76181100000012,572.01

24 (g)6,4155,114712,80000000724,329.54

25 (g)038,91900000038,918.88

26Chemical Oxygen Demand (mg)692,841,6001,671,516,00060,588,00028,274,02500002,453,219,625.67

27Solid suspend, (mg)511,077,600623,700,00028,512,00011,686,59700001,174,976,197.31

28Biochemical Oxygen Demand, (mg)457,617,600997,920,00042,768,000000001,498,305,600.30

29T-P, (mg)44,906,40048,024,9005,346,0000000098,277,300.02

30T-Ni, (mg)1,272,348,000948,024,000167,508,000000002,387,880,000.48

31Oil, (mg)8,553,600149,064,300891,00000000158,508,900.03

32Phenol, (mg)1,069,2008,918,910178,2000000010,166,310.00

kWh needded


















2640 g/kg x 2 plastics



9604 (PS) + 4300 (ABS) = 13904 kcal/kg


kWh needded













Triboelectric separator

Typical value;Kelly, p. 160

9604 (PS) + 4300 (ABS) = 13904 kcal/kg


Enviromental Load

Kappa3.19E+134.12E+13-9,302,534,351,233.50

g1 - Incenerationg2 - Separationdifference

c=0, r=0.67c=1, r=0.67

Total Energy-158,808,456,261-186,049,047,033

Cut-offRounded

1Energy from Resources (kcal)-346909896260.76-248122522245.6198,787,374,015-464,884,738,935-117,974,842,675-34.01

2Energy from combustion (kcal)188101440000.0062073475212.60126,027,964,787452,595,600,000-264,494,160,000-140.61

3Naphtha (kg)-44568900.00-14707737.0029,861,163-44,568,90000.00

4(LPG), Liquefied petroleum gas, (kg)-904593.88-565669.82338,924-849,40455,1906.10

5(NGL), Natural gas liquid (kg)-1301400-429462871,938-1,301,40000.00

6Oxygen gas (liquefied oxygen is included), kg-2732400-9016921,830,708-2,732,40000.00

7Coal (kg)-5750732.07-10783713.20-5,032,981-3,915,0341,835,69831.92

8Natural gas (kg)-70615.09-132416.68-61,802-48,07422,54131.92

9Petroleum (L)-1406270.61-2637024.08-1,230,753-957,373448,89731.92

10Crude oil (L)-1245439.09-2335434.48-1,089,995-847,881397,55831.92

11LNG (kg)-4935517.3-9255030.91-4,319,514-3,360,0451,575,47331.92

12gasoline (kg)-24607.22-46143.21-21,536-16,7527,85531.92

13COG, Coke oven gas (kg)-96438.6-180840.67-84,402-65,65430,78431.92

14451228644294.46334343918628.86116,884,725,666439,901,927,49011,326,716,8042.51

15280044009241452.0018,762,94828,004,40000.00

16HCF (g)1306.762450.42-1,14489041731.92

171301351.37755622.15545,7291,233,96967,3835.18

184422.878293.71-3,8713,0111,41231.92

19235265346.1207984924.2227,280,422229,489,6835,775,6632.45

20615369058.08617249269.17-1,880,211610,876,8764,492,1820.73

21 (g)6999480023098284.0046,896,51669,994,80000.00

22Dust, (g)115834045.7839374617.9276,459,428115,596,602237,4440.20

233809712572.0125,52538,09700.00

24 (g)2194938724329.541,470,6082,194,93800.00

25 (g)11793638918.8879,017117,93600.00

26Chemical Oxygen Demand (mg)7363397955.082453219625.674,910,178,3297,358,584,9034,813,0520.07

27Solid suspend, (mg)3531352221.431174976197.312,356,376,0243,529,362,8261,989,3950.06

28Biochemical Oxygen Demand, (mg)45403200001498305600.303,042,014,4004,540,320,00000.00

29T-P, (mg)297810000.0098277300.02199,532,700297,810,00000.00

30T-Ni, (mg)7236000000.002387880000.484,848,120,0007,236,000,00000.00

31Oil, (mg)480330000158508900.03321,821,100480,330,00000.00

32Phenol, (mg)30807000.0010166310.0020,640,69030,807,00000.00













Production

Option 1Option 2

Energy RecoveryMaterial Recycling

tonnesPS32,40010,692

PVC18,9006,237

PE5,4001,782

Electricity (kWh)100,519,701188,493,501


ProducedInineratedReusedProducedIncineratedReused

PS32,40032,400010,69210665.2721708

PVC18,90018,90006,2376174.6312663

PE5,4005,40001,7821871.13618

18711

1871110665.27

6174.63

1871.1

10years


ProducedInineratedReusedProducedIncineratedReused

PS3240324001069.21066.5272170.8

PVC189018900623.7617.4631266.3

PE5405400178.2187.11361.8

Electricity (kWh)

Energy RecoveryMechanical Recycling

Production of PS4,309,2001,422,036

Production of PVC5,481,0001,808,730

Production of PE432,000142,560

Separation041,958,000

Electricity (kWh)100,519,701188,493,501

Production

32400189005400

000

PS

PVC

PE

Recycling options

Wheight (tonnes)

Consumption of plastics materilas

EDP

32400189005400

32400189005400

000

000

000

000

PS

PVC

PE

Recycling Options

Amount, [tonnes]

ADP

32401890540

32401890540

000

1069.2623.7178.2

1066.527617.463187.11

2170.81266.3361.8

PS

PVC

PE

t/yr

GWP

00

00

00

00

00

Energy Recovery

Mechanical Recycling

(kWh)

acidification

1 kWh = 9.2 MJ

Total-260,420,670,0000-85,938,821,11762,073,475,213

Energy RecoveryMechanical Recycling

Energy from Resources (kcal)Energy from combustion (kcal)EDPEnergy from Resources (kcal)Energy from combustion (kcal)EDP

Production of PS-147,974,040,0000-48831433209.910

Production of PVC-93,326,310,0000-30797682306.250

Production of PE-19,120,320,0000-6309705601.280

Incineration of Plastics00062073475213

EDP0-23,865,345,905

1.43.00.9

186,049,047,033

Energy Recovery: Option 1Mechanical Recycling: Option 2

Energy from ResourcesEnergy from Resources

Total (kcal)-346,909,896,261188,101,440,000-248,122,522,24662,073,475,213

EDP-158,808,456,261-186,049,047,033.01

1.2

1.430.9

9.8787E+101.2603E+11-2.72E+10

1,000,000

CollectionRecoveryEDP

0.10.1191652713118.00

0.20.2185834534472.00

0.30.3176137570062.00

0.40.4162561819888.00

0.50.5

0.60.6

0.70.7

0.80.8

0.90.9

10.9

10.8

10.75783460426057652479000

10.6

10.5

10.4

10.2

10.1

Lab:

Energy Recovery

Mechanical Recycling

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

acidification

Production of PS

Production of PVC

Production of PE

Incineration of Plastics

EDP

(kcal)

POCP

Total (kcal)

EDP

Energy, (x 109 kcal)

EP

Depletion of abitic resources

ADPAbiotic depletion Potentialpp. 168 handbook on LCA

Crude oil0.020100kg antimony eq./kg

hard coal0.013400kg antimony eq./kg0.0067

soft coal0.006710kg antimony eq./kg

natural gas0.018700kg antimony eq./m3 natural gas

Fossil energy0.000481kg antimony eq./MJ fossil energy

ADP(oil)=ADP(fossil energy) x Heating value (oil)

-21,564gasoline (kg)

g1 - IncenerationADP - Inc.g2 - RecoveryADP - Rec.%Rankdifference%

3, (kg)Naphtha-44,568,900895,835-14,707,737295,62642.31-29,861,16367

4, LPG (kg)LPG-904,59418,182-565,67010,5781.56-338,92437

5, (kg)NGL-1,301,40024,336-429,4628,0311.27-871,93867

7Coal-5,750,73257,824-10,783,713108,43015.535,032,981-88

8Natural gas-70,6151,321-132,4172,4760.4961,802-88

9Petroleum-1,406,27128,266-2,637,02453,0047.641,230,753-88

10Crude oil-1,245,43925,033-2,335,43446,9426.751,089,995-88

11LNG-4,935,51792,294-9,255,031173,06924.824,319,514-88

12Gasoline-24,607-46,1430.01021,536-88

13COG (COG-96,439-180,8410.0884,402-88

ADP - Total1,143,091698,156100

158

pp. 178

Mole WeightExergy (kJ/mol)ADP_factor

C3H8Propane42.0812003.90.0209995509

C2H6ethane30.071495.80.0201029549

CH4OMethanol32.0427180.0446267409

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

Energy Recovery: Option 1Mechanical Recycling: Option 2

ADP1,143,091698,156

1.6times


















EP

Energy Recovery - Opt. 1

Mechanical Recycling - Opt. 2

ADP(i), (kg Sb eq.)

Normalized effect of Resources (ADP - indicator)

HTP

ADP

ADP, (x 106 kg Sb eq.)

Characterization




















0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

Energy recovery: Option 1

Mechanical recycling: Option 2

ADP(i), (kg Sb eq.)

Burden

Climate change

GWPGlobal warming potentialpp. 185 handbook on LCA

GWP100air

Co21kg co2 eq./kg

methaneCH421kg co2 eq./kg

HCF2800kg co2 eq./kg

310kg co2 eq./kg

Sulfur hexaflouride23900kg co2 eq./kg

Energy RecoveryMaterials Recycling

PotentialPotential%Rank

14451,228,644,294451,228,644334,343,918,629334,343,91999.811

1528,004,400588,0929,241,452194,0700.0584

16HCF (g)HCF1,3073,6592,4506,8610.0025

171,301,351403,419755,622234,2430.0702

184,423105,7078,294198,2200.0593

19Nox235,265,346207,984,9240.00

20Sox615,369,058617,249,2690.00

GWP100452,329,521334,977,313100

767.2750817634

tonnes CO2 eq

Energy Recovery: Option 1452,330452,329,521

Mechanical Recycling: Option 2334,977334,977,313

1.4

Burden


GWP, (x 106 kg CO2 eq.)

FACTORS


Mechanical Recycling: Option 2

GWP(i), (kg CO2 eq.)

Sest_2_REC_Dg_DA

Scenario

Acidificationpp. 360

APAcidificatin potential

in air in kg SO2 eq./kg

nitrogen oxides0.7kg SO2 eq./kg

sulphur dioxide1

hydrogen cloride0.88

g1 - Incenerationg2 - Recovery

19235,265,346164,686207,984,924145,589

20615,369,058615,369617,249,269617,249

24HCl (g)HCl2,194,9381,932724,330637

Acidification781,986763,476

Energy recovery - Option 1781,986

Mechanical recycling - Option 2763,4760.9763292291

Scenario

00

00

00



Substances Released into the Atmosphere

AP, (kg SO2 eq.)

Senst_2_REC_Ds_DA

0

0

AP, (x 103 kg SO2 eq.)

Sensitivity

0

0

0

Opt. 2 - Mechanical Recycling

(kg SO2 eq./kg)

Acidification

Recovery

000

000

NOx

SOx

HCl

Sheet2

Photo-oxidant formation

POCPphotochemical ozone creation potential

p. 333Photo-oxidant formation

kg ethylene eq./kg

corbon monooxide0.027

nitrogen dioxide0.028

nitrogen mono oxide-0.427

sulphure dioxide0.048


19235,265,3466587.43207,984,9245823.58

20615,369,05829537.71617,249,26929627.96

25CO (g)117,9363.1838,9191.05

POCP36128.3335452.59

Energy recovery - Option 136128.33

Mechanical recycling - Option 235452.59

Sheet2

00

00

00



Substances Released into Atmosphere

POCP, (kg C2H4 eq./kg)

Best Case

0

0

POCP, (x 103 kg C2H4 eq.)

00

00

00

Eutrophication

EPeutrophication potential

in air/water/soil in kg PO4 eq./kg

nitrogen oxides0.13

phosphorus (P)3.06

COD0.022


19235265346.130584.5207984924.227038.0

26COD7363397955.1162.02453219625.754.0

29 (mg)297810000.0911.398277300.0300.7

EP31657.827392.7

Energy Recovery - Option 131657.8

Mechanical Recycling - Option 227392.71.16

00

00

00



Substances Released into Enviroment

EP, (kg PO4 eq.)

0

0

EP, (x 103 kg PO4 eq.)

00

00

00

Human toxicityp. 190

HTPHuman-toxicity potential

emission to air/water in kg 1,4-dichlorobenzene eq./kg emission

AIRHTP (inf)HTP (100 yr)

hydrogen chloride0.50.5kg 1,4-DCB eq./kg

nitrogen dioxide, NO21.21.2

dust (PM10)0.820.82

sulphur dioxide, SO20.0960.096

fresh WaterSea water

phenol0.000080.00008

nickel75078


AIR19235,265,346282318.42207,984,924249581.91

20615,369,05859075.43617,249,26959255.93

22 (g)Dust115,834,04694983.9239,374,61832287.19

24 (g)2,194,9381097.47724,330362.16

Sea WaterT-Ni, (mg/L)30 (mg)T-Ni7,236,000,0005,427,000.002,387,880,0001790910.00036

Phenol, (mg/L)32 (mg)Phenol30,807,0000.00246510,166,3100.0008133048

Total - HTP5,864,475.22,132,397.2

Energy Recovery - Option 15,864,475.22.8

Mechanical Recycling - Option 22,132,397.2

00

00

00

00

00

00



Substances Released into Enviroment

HTP, (kg 1,4-DCB eq.)

0

0

HTP, (x 106 kg 1,4-DCB eq.)

00

00

00

00

00

00

World (1995)pp. 386LCA-What is it and How to do it

ADP1570000000001.06

EDP235

Climate changeGWP3860000000000037.7

ODP515000000

HTP49800000000000

ExcotosicityMarine ET512000000000000

EP129000000000

Acidification299000000000

POCP45500000000

IncRec

Scenario 1Scenario 2

IndicatorNormalizedIndicatorNormalized

Energy from Heat188,101,440,00062,073,475,21328.5

Energy from Resources-346,909,896,261-248,122,522,246

Total Energy-158,808,456,261-6.76E+08-186,049,047,033-791698072.480893-17.2

%

ADP1,143,091.067.28E-067.28698156.400.00000444694.450.266138.9

GWP452,329,521.141.17E-0511.72334,977,312.830.00000867828.680.519325.9

AP781,986.352.62E-062.62763,476.130.00000255342.550.15282.4

POCP36,128.337.94E-070.7935,452.590.00000077920.780.04661.9

EP31,657.792.45E-070.2527,392.740.00000021230.210.012713.5

HTP5,864,475.231.18E-070.122,132,397.190.00000004280.040.002663.6

Total environmental burden (yr)2.28E-050.00001671280.000006059

sec0.0002732610.0002005536

Total Environmental burden (yrs.)

Energy Recovery - Option 10.000022771822.77

Mechanical Recycling - Option 20.000016712816.71

1.4

1.3625337035

Total Environmental burden (yrs.)ADPGWP

Energy Recovery - Option 12.277E-052.287.2811.72

Mechanical Recycling - Option 20.00001671281.674.458.68

BaseEnergy Recovery0.0000227718

Material Rec. - base0.0000134043

Efficiency ofEnergy ConvertionEfficiency of SeparationTotal Burden

ESDelta-Energy-RecDelta-materila

110670.0000134043-41.141.701.00E-091.00

212670.0000134043-41.141.708.77E-101.00

315670.0000134043-41.141.706.86E-101.00

417670.0000134043-41.141.705.58E-101.00

519670.0000134043-41.141.701.33E-101.00

621.1670.0000134043-41.141.700.00E+001.00

723670.0000134043-41.141.70-1.20E-101.00

825670.0000134043-41.141.70-2.47E-101.00

927670.0000134043-41.141.70-3.75E-101.00

1029670.0000134043-41.141.70-5.02E-101.00

1130670.0000134043-41.141.70-5.66E-101.00

1232670.0000134043-41.141.70-6.94E-101.00

1334670.0000134043-41.141.70-8.21E-101.00

1436670.0000134043-41.141.70-9.49E-101.00

1538670.0000134043-41.141.70-1.08E-091.00

1640670.0000134043-41.141.70-1.20E-091.00

1721.1470.0000138371-39.241.653.23E+000.97

1821.1490.0000137706-39.531.652.73E+000.97

1921.1510.0000137109-39.791.662.29E+000.98

2021.1530.0000136572-40.031.671.89E+000.98

2121.1550.0000136088-40.241.671.53E+000.98

2221.1570.0000135653-40.431.681.20E+000.99

2321.1590.000013526-40.601.689.08E-010.99

2421.1610.0000134907-40.761.696.44E-010.99

2521.1630.0000134588-40.901.694.06E-011.00

2621.1650.0000134301-41.021.701.92E-011.00

2721.1690.0000133812-41.241.70-1.73E-011.00

2821.1710.0000133605-41.331.70-3.27E-011.00

2921.1730.000013342-41.411.71-4.65E-011.00

3021.1750.0000133256-41.481.71-5.88E-011.01

3121.1770.000013311-41.551.71-6.96E-011.01

3221.1790.0000132982-41.601.71-7.92E-011.01

3321.1810.000013287-41.651.71-8.75E-011.01

3421.1830.0000132773-41.691.72-9.48E-011.01

3521.1850.000013269-41.731.72-1.01E+001.01

3621.1870.000013262-41.761.72-1.06E+001.01

3721.1890.0000132562-41.791.72-1.11E+001.01

3821.1910.0000132515-41.811.72-1.14E+001.01

3921.1930.0000132479-41.821.72-1.17E+001.01

4021.1950.0000132453-41.831.72-1.19E+001.01

4121.1970.0000132436-41.841.72-1.20E+001.01

4270670.0000134043-41.141.70-3.11E-091.00

43100670.0000134043-41.141.70-2.00E-081.00

44100770.000013311-41.551.71-6.96E-011.01

4540770.000013311-41.551.71-6.96E-011.01

4615770.000013311-41.551.71-6.96E-011.01

4720880.000013259-41.771.72-1.08E+001.01

4820500.0000137399-39.661.662.50E+000.98

4910400.0000141377-37.921.615.47E+000.95

5015500.0000137399-39.661.662.50E+000.98

5110900.0000132537-41.801.72-1.12E+001.01

5215900.0000132537-41.801.72-1.12E+001.01

5320900.0000132537-41.801.72-1.12E+001.01

5425900.0000132537-41.801.72-1.12E+001.01

5530900.0000132537-41.801.72-1.12E+001.01

5635900.0000132537-41.801.72-1.12E+001.01

5740900.0000132537-41.801.72-1.12E+001.01

5810800.0000132924-41.631.71-8.35E-011.01

5910850.000013269-41.731.72-1.01E+001.01

6015800.0000132924-41.631.71-8.35E-011.01

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

Scenario 1

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

Scenario 2

00101000

000000

ADP

GWP

#REF!

HTP

#REF!

AP

EP

POCP

Options

[yr.]

Environmental interventions

0

0

Total Environmental Burden, (x 10-5 yrs.-1)

00

00

ADP

GWP

(10-6 years)

00

00

ADP

GWP

00

00

00

00

00

00



Impact Category Indicator

Environmental Burden, (x 10-6 yrs.-1)

00

00

ADP

GWP

Environmental Burden (x 10-5 yrs.)

c=0.5 ; r=0.5

g_Charchterized_Wheighted_at_c50-r50g_at_c50-r50

1Energy from Resources (kcal)0-195315502500


3Naphtha (kg)-4.28E-06-33426675

4(LPG), Liquefied petroleum gas, (kg)-1.01E-07-787285.29

5(NGL), Natural gas liquid (kg)-1.16E-07-976050

6Oxygen gas (liquefied oxygen is included), kg0-2049300

7Coal (kg)-3.39E-07-7933240.64

8Natural gas (kg)-1.16E-08-97414.81

9Petroleum (L)-2.48E-07-1939976.17

10Crude oil (L)-2.20E-07-1718106.13

11LNG (kg)-8.11E-07-6808636.87

12gasoline (kg)0-33946.12

13COG, Coke oven gas (kg)0-133038.82

141.06E-02409493970219.73

151.14E-0521003300

16HCF (g)1.31E-071802.69

178.91E-061,108,899.43

183.78E-066,101.43

195.45E-06226044229.57

202.06E-03616815853.56

21 (g)052496100

22Dust, (g)1.44E-0687343798.94

23028572.75

24 (g)4.85E-061646203.5

25 (g)5.25E-0888452

26Chemical Oxygen Demand (mg)9.43E-045532040316.31

27Solid suspend, (mg)02652437464.08

28Biochemical Oxygen Demand, (mg)03405240000

29T-P, (mg)5.30E-03223,357,500.00

30T-Ni, (mg)8.17E-025427000000

31Oil, (mg)0360247500

32Phenol, (mg)3.71E-1123105250

11Energy from Resources (kcal)0


33Naphtha (kg)-4.28E-06

44(LPG), Liquefied petroleum gas, (kg)-1.01E-07

55(NGL), Natural gas liquid (kg)-1.16E-07

66Oxygen gas (liquefied oxygen is included), kg0

77Coal (kg)-3.39E-07

88Natural gas (kg)-1.16E-08

99Petroleum (L)-2.48E-07

1010Crude oil (L)-2.20E-07

1111LNG (kg)-8.11E-07

12141.06E-02

13151.14E-05

1416HCF (g)1.31E-07

15178.91E-06

16183.78E-06

17195.45E-06

18202.06E-03

1922Dust, (g)1.44E-06

2024 (g)4.85E-06

2125 (g)5.25E-08

2226Chemical Oxygen Demand (mg)9.43E-04

2329T-P, (mg)5.30E-03

2430T-Ni, (mg)8.17E-02

2532Phenol, (mg)3.71E-11






















0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

00000000000000000000000

Naphtha (kg)

(LPG), Liquefied petroleum gas, (kg)

(NGL), Natural gas liquid (kg)

Oxygen gas (liquefied oxygen is included), kg

Coal (kg)

Natural gas (kg)

Petroleum (L)

Crude oil (L)

LNG (kg)

CO2 (g)

CH4 (g)

HCF (g)

N2O (g)

SF6 (g)

NOx (g)

SOx (g)

Dust, (g)

(g)

(g)

Chemical Oxygen Demand (mg)

T-P, (mg)

T-Ni, (mg)

Phenol, (mg)

Impact indicators, Ii

FlowADP(i),(kg Sb eq./kg)GWP(i),(kg CO2 eq./kg)AP(i),(kg SO2 eq./kg)POCP(i),(kg C2H4 eq./kg)EP(i),(kg PO43- eq./kg)HTP(i),(kg 1,4-DCB eq./kg)

1Energy from Resources (kcal)000000


3Naphtha (kg)Resourcesg3Naphtha0.020100000

4(LPG), Liquefied petroleum gas, (kg)g4LPG0.020100000

5(NGL), Natural gas liquid (kg)g5NGL0.018700000

6Oxygen gas (liquefied oxygen is included), kg000000

7Coal (kg)g7Coal0.006700000

8Natural gas (kg)g8Natural gas0.018700000

9Petroleum (L)g9Petroleum0.020100000

10Crude oil (L)g10Crude oil0.020100000

11LNG (kg)g11LNG0.018700000

12gasoline (kg)000000

13COG, Coke oven gas (kg)000000

14Emission to airg12CO2010000

15g13CH40210000

16HCF (g)g14HCF028000000

17g15N2O03100000

18g16SF60239000000

19g17NOx000.70.0280.131.2

20g18SOx0010.04800.096

21 (g)000000

22Dust, (g)g19Dust000000.82

23000000

24 (g)g20HCl000.88000.5

25 (g)g21CO0000.02700

26Chemical Oxygen Demand (mg)Emission to waterg22COD00000.0220

27Solid suspend, (mg)000000

28Biochemical Oxygen Demand, (mg)000000

29T-P, (mg)g23T-P00003.060

30T-Ni, (mg)g24T-Ni00000750

31Oil, (mg)000000

32Phenol, (mg)g25Phenol000000.00008

IndicatorWeighting factorUnit

ADP1.57E+11kg (Sb eq.) yr-1

GWP3.86E+13kg (CO2 eq.) yr-1

AP2.99E+11kg (SO2 eq.) yr-1

POCP4.55E+10kg (C2H4 eq.) yr-1

EP1.29E+11kg (PO4 eq.) yr-1

HTP4.98E+13kg (1,4-DCB eq.) yr-1

A - mechanical recycling12345678

11000-1.8022680000

20100-1.05013230000

30010-0.303780000

4-0.13-0.29-0.081-9.40-409765215780500

500001-180000000

6000005670000-56700000

70000001701000-1701000

800000100

B - mechanical recycling

1-4567.1-4937.9-3540.8-0.09-8088.110-35257000000

2000000013577868000

3-0.96-0.44-0.9600000

4-0.01-0.01-0.0200000

5-0.03-0.02-0.0400000

6-0.01-0.12000000

7000-0.060000

800000000

9000-0.010000

10000-0.010000

11000-0.050000

1200000000

1300000000

1413871105980.3535310830004490640000

150.030500000

1600000000

17000.200000

1800000000

191.241.010.940.188.49000

200.260.310.220.1432.54000

210.222.771.9300000

220.030.03210.010000

2300000000

24000.400000

2500.01000000

2664.8268340.150000

2747.8100160.060000

2842.81602400000

294.27.7300000

301191529400000

310.823.90.500000

320.11.430.100000













If sensitivity is NEGATIVE it means that the total sum of LOAD ("g") decreased in accordance with the increase of parameter

If sensitivity is POSITIVE it means that the total sum of LOAD ("g") INCREASES in accordance with the increase of parameter

c=0.5 ; r=0.5

Weighting Factors

ADP0.2660748595

GWP0.519252814

Load 1 Energy from Resources

57 / 33 / 10 %


Production of PS (1 kg)Production of PVC (1 kg)Production of PE (1 kg)Production of electricity (1 kWh)Production of a TV set (PS:PVC:PE = 1.8 : 1.05 : 0.3 kg)Use of TV set (unit/yrs)Recovery of plasticsIncineration of Plastics

To Decrease Energy from Resources

1PS (kg)-0.570000.760-0.190Scenario 156Decrease demand

2PVC (kg)0-0.36000.480-0.120Scenario 266Increase the collection rate of Plastic waste

3PE (kg)00-0.0700.10-0.020Scenario 315, 25, 35Decrease the amount of Plastic Use for TV

4Electricity (kWh)00000000Scenario 417, 27, 37Increase RECOVERY of separation

5TV set (No)0000-1.331.3300Scenario 511, 22, 33Improve the efficiency of the process for production of PLASTICS (especially PS)

6Collected Plastics for separation00000-0.330.330

7Waste plastics for inceneration (kg)00000000


Load 2 Energy from combustion

57 / 33 / 10 %


Production of PS (1 kg)Production of PVC (1 kg)Production of PE (1 kg)Production of electricity (1 kWh)Production of a TV set (PS:PVC:PE = 1.8 : 1.05 : 0.3 kg)Use of TV set (unit/yrs)Recovery of plasticsIncineration of Plastics

To INCREASE Energy from combustion

1PS (kg)00000000Scenario 166Increase the collection ratio

2PVC (kg)00000000

3PE (kg)00000000

4Electricity (kWh)00000000

5TV set (No)00000000

6Collected Plastics for separation000000.33-0.330

7Waste plastics for inceneration (kg)000000.670.33-1


ADP0.2660748595

Weighting factors42.3437374311Weighting factors42.3437374311

Load 3 Naphta2.64Load 3 Naphta _Characterised _ Weighted

57 / 33 / 10 %57 / 33 / 10 %

p - Process vector12345678p - Process vector12345678

Production of PS (1 kg)Production of PVC (1 kg)Production of PE (1 kg)Production of electricity (1 kWh)Production of a TV set (PS:PVC:PE = 1.8 : 1.05 : 0.3 kg)Use of TV set (unit/yrs)Recovery of plasticsIncineration of PlasticsProduction of PS (1 kg)Production of PVC (1 kg)Production of PE (1 kg)Production of electricity (1 kWh)Production of a TV set (PS:PVC:PE = 1.8 : 1.05 : 0.3 kg)Use of TV set (unit/yrs)Recovery of plasticsIncineration of Plastics

To Decrease use on NAPHTA Energy from combustion

1PS (kg)-0.700000.930-0.230Scenario 156Decrease demand1PS (kg)-000000-00

2PVC (kg)0-0.18000.250-0.060Scenario 266Increase the collection rate of Plastic waste2PVC (kg)0-00000-00

3PE (kg)00-0.1200.150-0.040Scenario 315, 25, 35Decrease the amount of Plastic Use for TV3PE (kg)00-0000-00

4Electricity (kWh)00000000Scenario 417, 27, 37Increase RECOVERY of separation4Electricity (kWh)00000000

5TV set (No)0000-1.331.3300Scenario 586Increase the life of TV sets5TV set (No)0000-0000

6Collected Plastics for separation00000-0.330.330Scenario 611, 22, 33Improve the efficiency of the process for production of PLASTICS (especially PS)6Collected Plastics for separation00000-000

7Waste plastics for inceneration (kg)00000000.00E+007Waste plastics for inceneration (kg)00000000

8USE of TV Set (years)00000-1.00008USE of TV Set (years)00000-000

ADP0.2660748595

Weigt1.5151Weigt1.5151

Load 4 LPGLoad 4 LPG _Characterised _ Weighted

57 / 33 / 10 %57 / 33 / 10 %



To Decrease use of LPG

1PS (kg)-0.440000.590-0.150Scenario 156Decrease demand1PS (kg)-000000-00

2PVC (kg)0-0.17000.230-0.060Scenario 266Increase the collection rate of Plastic waste2PVC (kg)0-00000-00

3PE (kg)00-0.100.140-0.030Scenario 315, 25, 35Decrease the amount of Plastic Use for TV3PE (kg)00-0000-00

4Electricity (kWh)0.010.010-0.30.3700.05-0.13Scenario 417, 27, 37Increase RECOVERY of separation4Electricity (kWh)000-0000-0

5TV set (No)0000-1.321.32005TV set (No)0000-0000

6Collected Plastics for separation00000-0.240.2406Collected Plastics for separation00000-000

7Waste plastics for inceneration (kg)00000-0.09-0.040.137Waste plastics for inceneration (kg)00000-0-00

8USE of TV Set (years)00000-1008USE of TV Set (years)00000-000

ADP0.2660748595

Weight1.1503Weight1.1503

Load 5 NLGLoad 5 NLG _Characterised _ Weighted

57 / 33 / 10 %57 / 33 / 10 %



To Decrease use of LPG

1PS (kg)-0.620000.830-0.210Scenario 156Decrease demand1PS (kg)-7.41E-140009.88E-140-2.47E-140

2PVC (kg)0-0.23000.310-0.080Scenario 266Increase the collection rate of Plastic waste2PVC (kg)0-2.77E-14003.69E-140-9.23E-150

3PE (kg)00-0.1500.190-0.050Scenario 315, 25, 35Decrease the amount of Plastic Use for TV3PE (kg)00-1.73E-1402.31E-140-5.77E-150

4Electricity (kWh)00000000Scenario 417, 27, 37Increase RECOVERY of separation4Electricity (kWh)00000000

5TV set (No)0000-1.331.33005TV set (No)0000-1.59E-131.59E-1300

6Collected Plastics for separation00000-0.330.3306Collected Plastics for separation00000-3.97E-143.97E-140

7Waste plastics for inceneration (kg)000000007Waste plastics for inceneration (kg)00000000

8USE of TV Set (years)00000-1008USE of TV Set (years)00000-1.19E-1300

ADP0.2660748595


Load 7 CoalLoad 7 Coal NLG _Characterised _ Weighted

57 / 33 / 10 %57 / 33 / 10 %



1PS (kg)-0.020000.030-0.0101PS (kg)-000000-00

2PVC (kg)0-0.03000.040-0.0102PVC (kg)0-00000-00

3PE (kg)00-0.002300.003100.000803PE (kg)00-0000-00

4Electricity (kWh)0.020.030.0023-11.2200.15-0.434Electricity (kWh)000-0000-0

5TV set (No)0000-1.291.29005TV set (No)0000-0000

6Collected Plastics for separation00000-0.010.0106Collected Plastics for separation00000-000

7Waste plastics for inceneration (kg)00000-0.28-0.140.437Waste plastics for inceneration (kg)00000-0-00

8USE of TV Set (years)00000-1008USE of TV Set (years)00000-000


Load 8 Natural GasLoad 8 Natural Gas_Characterised _ Weighted

57 / 33 / 10 %57 / 33 / 10 %



1PS (kg)-0.02330000.03110-0.007801PS (kg)-2.78E-150003.70E-150-9.25E-160

2PVC (kg)0-0.0296000.03950-0.009902PVC (kg)0-3.53E-15004.71E-150-1.18E-150

3PE (kg)00-0.002300.00310-0.000803PE (kg)00-2.78E-1603.71E-160-9.28E-170

4Electricity (kWh)0.02330.02960.0023-11.220200.1513-0.42674Electricity (kWh)2.78E-153.53E-152.78E-16-1.19E-131.45E-1301.80E-14-5.08E-14

5TV set (No)0000-1.29391.2939005TV set (No)0000-1.54E-131.54E-1300

6Collected Plastics for separation00000-0.00940.009406Collected Plastics for separation00000-1.12E-151.12E-150

7Waste plastics for inceneration (kg)00000-0.2845-0.14220.42677Waste plastics for inceneration (kg)00000-3.39E-14-1.69E-145.08E-14

8USE of TV Set (years)00000-1008USE of TV Set (years)00000-1.19E-1300


Load 9 PetroliumLoad 9 Petrolium_Characterised _ Weighted

57 / 33 / 10 %57 / 33 / 10 %


Production of PS (1 kg)Production of PVC (1 kg)Production of PE (1 kg)Production of electricity (1 kWh)Production of a TV set (PS:PVC:PE = 1.8 : 1.05 : 0.3

g. dodbiba 1 , k.takahashi 1 , t. furuyama 2 , j. sadaki 1 , t. kamo 3 , and t. fujita 1

Documents

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