future of healthcare robotics
DESCRIPTION
by Richard M. Satava, MD FACS, Professor of Surgery, University of Washington, Program Manager, Advanced Biomedical Technologies, DARPA, and Special Assistant, Advance Medical Technologies US Army Medical Research and Materiel Command Future of Healthcare Robotics, CyberTherapy 2005 Robotics Session, Basel, Switzerland, June 7, 2005TRANSCRIPT
Richard M. Satava, MD FACSProfessor of Surgery
University of Washington
Program Manager, Advanced Biomedical TechnologiesDefense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA)
andSpecial Assistant, Advance Medical Technologies
US Army Medical Research and Materiel Command
Future of Healthcare Robotics
CyberTherapy 2005 Robotics Session
Basel, SwitzerlandJune 7, 2005
“Prediction is difficult . . .
. . . especially about the Future”
….Yogi Berra
Prediction
Virtual Reality … the promise of the future
1987
Virtual Reality … the realization of the future
2005
Surgeon of the Future ?? Cybertherapist of the Future ??
Wizard of Idby Brant Parker
Superhuman Robots!
The Touch Lab, MITMovie: Alien
“The Future is here …
. . . it’s the Information Age”
Current Visions
HolomerTotal body-scan for total diagnosis
From visible human to Virtual SoldierMulti-modal total body scan on every trauma patient in 15 seconds
Satava March, 2004
Why robotics, imaging and modeling & simulation
• Healthcare is the only industry without a computer representation of its “product”
•A robot is not a machine . . .it is an information system with arms . . .
• A CT scanner is not an imaging systemit is an information system with eyes . . .
thus
• An operating room is an information system with . . .
Total Integration of Surgical Care
Joel Jensen, SRI International, Menlo Park, CA
Minimally Invasive Surgery
Pre-operative planning
Intra-operative navigation
Remote Surgery
Simulation & Training
Remote telesurgery
“Operation Lindberg”
First remote and trans-AtlanticTelesurgery procedure
ROUTINE telesurgery from Hamilton to North Bay
300 mile distant
Prof. Jacques Marescaux, IRCAD Dr. Mehran Anvari, MDMcMaster Univ, Toronto CANADA
“Penelope” – robotic scrub nurse
Michael Treat MD, Columbia Univ, NYC. 2003
Entirely computerized ICU
• Defibrillator• Ventilator• Suction• Monitoring• Blood Chemistry Analysis• 3-Channel Fluid/Drug Infusion•Data Storage and Transmission• On-board Battery• On-board Oxygen• Accepts Off-Board Power and Oxygen
Total Patient Awareness
The LSTAT
Courtesy of Integreated Medical Systems, Signal Hill, CA
LSTAT Deployment to Kosovo - March 2000212th MASH Deployed with LSTAT - Combat Support Hospital
Courtesy of Integreated Medical Systems, Signal Hill, CA
Why now?VTOL UAV technology is maturing rapidly enough to minimize risk.
Nightingale UAV GoalIdentify
“optimum” VTOL UAV design
Create a new VTOL UAV tailored to the operational need
LSTAT
Or:
Robotic Medical Assistant
SATAVA 7 July, 1999DARPA
Nursing shortage crisis
Applicable at all levelsHospitalsClinicsNursing HomeAssisted living
Courtesy Yulun Wang, InTouch Technologies, Inc, Goleta, CA
Honda Humanoid Robot Asimo Honda Motor Company, Tokyo Japan
“Blue Dragon” passive recording device
Courtesy Blake Hannaford, University of Washington, Seattle
Hand motion tracking patterns Ara Darzi, MD. Imperial College, London, 2000
Objective AssessmentNovice
Intermediate
Expert
Integrating Surgical Systems for AutonomyThe Operating Room (personnel) of the Future
Surgeon Assistant Scrub Nurse Circulating nurse
100,000
Satava March, 2000
The Operating Room of the Future
Predator 2003Fighter Pilots – until 2002 Fighter Pilots – Beyond 2003
SATAVA 7 July, 1999DARPA
“The Future is not what it used to be”
….Yogi Berra
Disruptive Visions
DARPA Controlled Biological Systems Program
Animats Machine Living AnimalsAnimats Machine Living Animals
•Integration of biological designfor sensorimotor function
•neural control architecture•biomechanical self-stabilization•sensor/performance
•Autonomous navigation
•Modular design/fabrication offault tolerant mobile sensorplatforms
•New interfaces for measuringneural-muscular outputs sensorimotorcontrol in freely moving/sensing behaving biological systems
•Stimulation of neural and muscular systems to influence sensorimotorfunction
•Inexpensive attachment of sensors(chem/bio)
•Pheremone control ofsensorimotor output - plumetracing
•Plasticity of associativelearning to threats of interest(conditioned training)
•Investigate behavior withsensor motor architecture
Biomimetic Systems Biohybrid Organisms Biological Systems
Courtesy Alan Rudolph, Program Manager, 1999
Biomimetic robot - Ariel
Biomimetic Micro-robot
Courtesy Sandia National Labs
Capsule camera for gastrointestinal endoscopyCourtesy Paul Swain, London, England
Femtosecond Laser(1 x 10 –15 sec)
Los Alamos National Labs, Los Alamos NM
Time of Flight Spectroscopy
Cellular opto-porationCold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Long Island, NY
BioSurgery
Satava September 2003
Confidential
Technologies will change the Future
• The rate of new discovery is accelerating exponentially
• The changes raise profound fundamental issues
• Moral and ethical solutions will take decades to resolve
Differing responses to scientific discovery by various sectors
TIME
Rat
e of
Cha
nge
Society
Business
Sector
Technology
Healthcare
And just what are these profound moral and ethical issues?
Gaak
Courtesy Professor Noel Sharkey, Sheffield Unversity, London
"Thinking" robot in escape bidScientists running a pioneering experiment with
robots which think for themselves have caught one trying to flee the centre where it "lives".
The small unit, called Gaak, is one of 12 taking part in a "survival of the fittest" test at the Magna science centre in Rotherham, South Yorkshire, which has been running since March.
Gaak made its bid for freedom after it had been taken out of the arena where hundreds of visitors watch the machines learning how to repair themselves after doing daily battle.
Professor Noel Sharkey said he turned his back on the drone, but when he returned 15 minutes later he found it had forced its way out of the small make-shift paddock it was being kept in.
He later found it had travelled down an access slope, through the front door of the centre and was discovered at the main entrance to the car park when a visitor nearly flattened it with his car.
TECHNOLOGY NEWS
Intelligent “Living Robot”Uses genetic algorithms to “learn”
Kismet
Courtesy Rosalind Picard, MIT Affective Computing Lab, Boston, MA
ESCAPED
Ray Kurzweil
Humans vs Machine
Humans 4.0X10 19 cpsRed Storm 3.5X10 15 cps
Moore’ s Law“computer power doubles
every 18 months”
Do the Math !!
Who is smarter now??
ROBOTHans Moravec
The Age of
Spiritual
Machines
WHEN COMPUTERS EXCEEDHUMAN INTELLIGENCE
Will Machines become “smarter than humans?
Do Robots Dream ?