1

Future Internet Research at WINLABSpring 2010 Research ReviewJune 10, 2010

D. Raychaudhuriray@winlab.rutgers.eduwww.winlab.rutgers.edu

WINLAB

2

Introduction

WINLAB 3

INTERNET

Introduction: Wireless as the key driver for the future Internet Historic shift from PC’s to mobile computing and

embedded devices… ~4 B cell phones vs. ~1B Internet-connected PC’s in 2010 ~700M cell phones worldwide with IP service, increasing rapidly Mobile data growing exponentially – Cisco white paper predicts >1exabyte

per month (surpassing wired PC traffic) by 2012 Sensor deployment just starting, ~5-10B units by 2020

WirelessEdge Network

INTERNET

~1B server/PC’s, ~700M smart phones

~2B servers/PC’s, 1~0B notebooks, PDA’s, smart phones, sensors

~2010 ~2020

WirelessEdge Network

WINLAB 4

Emerging Wireless Scenarios: Dynamic Spectrum & Cognitive Radio

Spectrum Policy Server

Maximum Amplitudes

Frequency (MHz)

Am

plid

ue

(dB

m)

Heavy Use

Sparse Use

Heavy Use

Medium Use

Less than 6% Occupancy

Atlanta

NewOrleans

SanDiego

Frequency

Time

Dynamic Spectrum ProtocolsFor Coordination

Next-gen wireless devices with dynamic spectrum capability

(fast RF scan, agile, adaptive PHY/MAC)

WiredInternet

Data Signal

Spectrum Coordination

Emerging DSA techniques for future wireless access

White space WLAN, femtocell,etc.

Spectrum markets, subleasing, ..

Future network support for spectrum assignment as an integrated feature …

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WINLAB 5

Emerging Wireless Scenarios: Network MIMO & Cooperative PHY Current radio transmission methods reaching capacity limit Today’s capacity of ~1Mbps/Mhz/Km**2 needs to increase to

~100 Mbps/Mhz/Km**2 Network MIMO and cooperative PHY offer significant potential for

scaling radio capacity New access network features (packet diversity, multipath routing)

needed to support network MIMO feature ….MIMO Processing

Theory result on network MIMO, Karayakali and Yates, WINLAB, 2006

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WINLAB 6

Emerging Wireless Scenarios: Mesh Networks & Relay

Multi-hop modes will be important for wireless access networks despite failure of many 1st gen metro mesh services Multi-hop mesh useful for extending range of

802.11 or 16 networks Forwarding relays for ~30-40% increased

capacity in 3G/LTE; also power savings Need protocol features for self-organization,

router mobility, etc ( MANET standards) Serious TCP problems in multi-hop radio

solutions require cross-layer protocols

Wired Internet Infrastructure

Mesh GW or AP

Hierarchical Mesh Network

MeshRouter

The $99 Mesh Router fromMeraki Networks

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WINLAB 7

Emerging Wireless Scenarios: P2P and DTN P2P and DTN modes for content delivery becoming mainstream

Key technique for scaling wireless access network capacity ~10x or more Network may be disconnected at times …delay tolerant protocols Caching and opportunistic data delivery …. In-network storage Content- and location- aware protocols Both terminal and router mobility

InternetMobile DTN Router

Roadway Sensors

Mobile DTN Router

Ad-HocNetwork

OpportunisticHigh-Speed Link(MB/s)

Mobile P2P User

Static DTNRouter

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WINLAB 8

Vehicle safety and media delivery services

Potentially high density Networking involves

location awareness… Ad hoc network formation

and disconnections Network (group) mobility V2V and V2I modes Privacy issues

Desired message delivery zone

(Idealized) Broadcast range

Irrelevant vehicles in radio range for few seconds

Passing vehicle,in radio range for tens of seconds

Following vehicle,in radio range for minutes

Emerging Wireless Scenarios: Vehicular Applications

WINLAB 9

Emerging Wireless Scenarios: Pervasive Systems

Vehicles with Sensors & Wireless

Hospital with Embedded Monitoring

Robotics Application

Smart Public Space

Autonomous Wireless Clusters(“ecosystems”)

Network Connectivity& Computation

Application Management & Control Software

“Human in the Loop”

To Actuators

From Sensors

Virtualized physicalworld object

Content & LocationAware Routers

Computation& StorageProtocol

module

Ambient interfaces

Global Pervasive Network(Future Internet)

Multiple radio standards, Cognitive radios

Integrating physical world with Internet the next major challenge.. Heterogeneous short-range wireless access with wide-area cellular as “control plane” Context-, content- and location-awareness in network services real-time binding of

sensors with computing services or agents Integrated computation and storage needed in the network for latency & scale

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WINLAB 10

Introduction: Impact of Emerging Wireless Scenarios on Network Architecture Basic transport services should reflect intrinsic radio properties

(spectrum scarcity, mobility, varying link quality, heterogeneous PHY, diversity/MIMO, locality…) Integrated protocol support for dynamic spectrum allocation

Multipoint, high-bandwidth connectivity for co-operative PHY

Cross-layer protocol support for radio network performance

User & router mobility at scale separation of naming and addressing

In-network storage for disconnections, opportunistic access

Also need new network service and computing features to address emerging usage scenarios Integration of geographic location into routing/addressing Content- or context-aware routing for sensors and mobile data In-network computation (“cloud computing” or other more network oriented model)

for real-time, pervasive applications Economic incentives, e.g. for forwarding and network cooperation

11

Future Internet Projects at WINLAB

WINLAB 12

Future Internet Research Programs: GENI, FIND & FIA US research funding for future Internet to date

mostly from GENI and FIND programs at NSF GENI project (~2006--) aims to build experimental networking

infrastructure at global scale in order to enable protocol research

FIND project (~2006-09) was aimed at promoting “clean-slate” approaches to the design of next-generation protocols

Future Internet Architecture (FIA) program announced in 2010 Solicitation for large team projects aiming to design and

prototype/deploy comprehensive future Internet architecture

WINLAB

WINLAB Future Internet Project Timeline: ~2005-10

2006 2007 2008 2009 20102005

GENI Planning Project & Proof-of-concept demos

NSF WMPG Planning Project

Cache-and-Forward (CNF) Architecture Project (FIND) – collaboration with UMass

Geometric Stack Project (FIND)

CogNet cognitive network protocol project (FIND) – collaboration with CMU, KU, Blossom

ORBIT virtualization and wired-wireless integration demos

ORBIT Testbed Project ……………….

Spiral 1 GENI – WiMAX open BS

Spiral 1 GENI – OMF/GENI experiment control

Spiral 2 GENI – WiMAX campus nets

Spiral 2 GENI – OpenFlow campus (Stanford led project)

Spiral 2 GENI – SDR platform prototype

Research Projects

Prototyping Projects

Mobility First Architectureconcepts, etc.

GENIPlanningStarted

FINDProgramRFP

FIARFP

GENISpiral 1RFP

GENISpiral 2RFP

GENISpiral 3RFP

Virtual Mobile NetworkConcepts

WINLAB 14

Cache-and-Forward Project: Storage-Aware Routing for Mobile Content Delivery NSF FIND collaborative clean-slate project at Rutgers & UMass (2006-10) Architecture designed to optimize efficient delivery of content to mobile users,

also works well for both wired and wireless devices Concept based on strict hop-by-hop transport, in-network storage and caching Storage-aware routing (STAR) works seamlessly across wired & wireless

Media Server

PlanetLab Slice

Storage Caches

ORBIT Radio Grid

ORBIT Gateway

Hop-by-hop File TransferHop-by-hop

File Transfer Reliable Link Layer

File sent to multiple destinations

Media file (~10MB-GB)

Wireless AccessNetwork

AP/Gateway(CNF “P.O.”)

Wired Internet withCache & Forward Routers

WINLAB 15

ORBIT Radio Grid

Mobile node trajectory

AP2

AP1

Location aware routing protocol

AP1

AP2

Geometric Stack Project: Implementing Location Aware Networks Location-aware architecture project at WINLAB (FIND, 2006-10) Intended to study impact of location on future Internet protocols Evaluation of alternative methods, e.g. overlays vs. integrated

WINLAB 16

CogNet Project: Protocol stack for cognitive networking NSF FIND Project (2006-10) involving WINLAB, CMU,

U Kansas, Blossom Project aims to design a general purpose cognitive radio protocol

stack and open source GNU radio/ORBIT implementation

Global Control Plane (GCP) Decentralized control framework for dynamic spectrum access PHY/MAC bootstrap, network formation and cross-layer routing

Data plane Dynamically linked spectrum assignment, PHY, MAC, Network

modules and parameters as specified by control plane protocol

Control PHYControl MAC

SpectrumMgmt

- PHY/MACAdaptation

PHYMAC

NetworkTransport

Application

Control Plane Data Plane

Global Control Plane

Data Plane

Control API

NetworkDiscovery

& PathSetup

Naming&

Addressing

WINLAB 17

Architecture Concepts: Multi-Protocol Virtual Mobile Network

Network programmability and virtualization make it possible to offer multiple optimized transport services Vastly differing requirements for

voice, SMS, web, content file delivery, video streaming

Not always feasible to integrate all these into a single protocol

Clean-slate protocols introduced on separate virtual networks (VN)

Legacy protocols on their own VN

Base StationAd Hoc Cluster

AP

Wired Network

Router

Open Programmable Network Elements

Virtual Network Control Software (VNCS)

Virtual Network 1(Protocol A = CNF)

Virtual Network 2(Protocol B = GEO)

End User DeviceConnected to VN1,Using GEO protocol

End User DeviceConnected to VN1,2Using GEO & CNF protocols

Hardware mapped to multiple VN’s

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WINLAB

Architecture Concepts: “Mobility First” Protocol Design

Mobility-centric architecture developed for FIA initiative

Team project involving WINLAB + 6 other univs

Robust network designed for mobility & disconnection

Key technical features include: In-network storage and storage-aware

routing Hop-by-hop transport protocol Fast global name resolution service Network support for context and

location Flat-label routing with self-certifying

public key addresses Programmable services layer Separate network management plane

Base Station

Wireless Router

AP

Core Network(flat label routing)

Router

Global Name Resolution Service

Control & Management Plane

Computing Blade

Buffer Storage

Forwarding Engine

MobilityFirstRouter withIntegrated

Computing & Storage

Hop-by-HopTransport

GDTN Routing

Name PKI address mapping

Data blockDataPlane

Mobility First Architecture

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WINLAB 19

Experimental Platforms: ORBIT Radio Grid for Next-Generation Network Research ORBIT radio grid testbed currently supports networks with ~100’s of

radio nodes (both end-points and routers) Integration with wired network testbeds available (PlanetLab, VINI) GNU radio for programmable MAC/PHY beyond open API features

Urban

300 meters

500 meters

Suburban

20 meters

ORBIT Radio Grid

Office

30 meters

Radio Mapping Concept for ORBIT Emulator

400-node Radio Grid Facility at WINLAB Tech Center

ProgrammableORBIT radio node

URSP2CR board

Planned upgrade(2007-08)

Current ORBIT sandbox with GNU radio

WINLAB 20

Experimental Platforms: ORBIT Outdoor Testbed Infrastructure

Outdoor Unit (ODU)

RF Module( sector)

BaseModule

Omni-directional antenna(elev. < 6ft above roof!)

NEC WiMAX Base Station

WINLAB 21

Extending OMF features to support mobile experiments Supporting federation of testbeds Disconnection tolerance Spatiotemporal experiment orchestration tools

Experimental Platforms: ORBIT/GENI – OMF Support for Vehicular Mobility

Spatialtripwire

Vehicular Node

WINLAB 22

Experimental Platforms: ORBIT/GENI Access Network with OpenFlow Switching

WINLAB

Experimental Platforms: Cognitive Radio Prototype for GENI

WINLAB WINC2R System (~2008-) WINLAB GENI SDR Prototype (~2010)

USRP2

USRP

RICE WARP PlatformU. Of Colorado

Future Internet Research at WINLAB�Spring 2010 Research Review�June 10, 2010IntroductionIntroduction: Wireless as the key driver for the future InternetEmerging Wireless Scenarios: Dynamic Spectrum & Cognitive RadioEmerging Wireless Scenarios: Network MIMO & Cooperative PHYEmerging Wireless Scenarios: Mesh Networks & RelayEmerging Wireless Scenarios: P2P and DTNEmerging Wireless Scenarios: Vehicular ApplicationsEmerging Wireless Scenarios: Pervasive SystemsIntroduction: Impact of Emerging Wireless Scenarios on Network ArchitectureFuture Internet Projects at WINLABFuture Internet Research Programs: GENI, FIND & FIAWINLAB Future Internet Project Timeline: ~2005-10Slide Number 14Slide Number 15CogNet Project: Protocol stack for cognitive networkingArchitecture Concepts: Multi-Protocol Virtual Mobile NetworkArchitecture Concepts: “Mobility First” Protocol DesignExperimental Platforms: ORBIT Radio Grid for Next-Generation Network ResearchExperimental Platforms: ORBIT Outdoor Testbed InfrastructureSlide Number 21Experimental Platforms: ORBIT/GENI Access Network with OpenFlow SwitchingExperimental Platforms: Cognitive Radio Prototype for GENI