Gabriella ChiellinoeAmbiente Srl

February 2012

Future energy for the present Future energy for the present economyeconomy

Gabriella Chiellino is the first woman graduated in Environmental Science in Italy and she founded eAmbiente in the year 2002. The Company is now a consultancy firm for environment and engeneering that works in Italy and in Europe.

The company is now composed by 35 graduates and it collaborates with about 10 external professionals

OUR VALUES:Competence InnovationExcellenceMutual respectEnthusiasmDiscipline

MILANOFiliale Commericale

via Tiziano, 15 20145 Milano ItalyT. +39 02 436072

Environmental assessments and analysis

UNDERSTANDING

DESIGNEnvironmental restoration and

remediation

Environmental management and control

MANAGE

competenceUNDERSTANDIN

G

DESIGNINGinnovation

excellenceMANAGING

MANAGINGexcellenceUNDERSTANDIN

Gcompetence

PROGETTAREInnovation

700 MW have already been

designed and licensed

SUSTAINABLE CITYSUSTAINABLE CITY

eAmbiente and RiminiFiera manage the scientific coordination of the project “Sustainable City”, the exhibition that shows the most representative ideas about the city to LIVE in: best practices and innovative solutions in order to apply the concept of sustainability to the planning of local urban contexts.

PART IPART I

We need to understand the following as well:We need to understand the following as well:

1. UNFCCC

2. Kyoto Protocol

3. IPCC

4. The Bali Action Plan

5. The Copenhagen Accord

6. The Cancun Agreements

7. Why is COP 17 so important?

COP 17COP 17

• The word itself is an acronym for Conference of Parties (COP).

• Parties refers to the States that have signed on to the United

Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC).

• The parties have been meeting annually in Conferences of the

Parties (COP) to assess progress in dealing with climate change

since 1995.

• COP 17 is therefore the 17th Conference that will take place at the

end of 2011.

• The COP 17- CMP 7 will mark a critical moment in the ongoing

international climate change negotiations.

• CMP 7 means the seventh meeting of the Parties since the Kyoto

Protocol was signed.

COP 17 COP 17

2011 United Nations Climate Change 2011 United Nations Climate Change ConferenceConference

• The 2011 United Nations Climate Change Conference will be held in Durban, South Africa, from 28 November to 9 December 2011.

• Officially it is referred to as the 17th session of the Conference of the Parties (COP 17) to the UNFCCC

• It is also the 7th session of the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties (CMP 7) to the Kyoto Protocol.

• In addition, the two permanent subsidiary bodies of the UNFCCC – the Subsidiary Body for Scientific and Technological Advice (SBSTA) and the Subsidiary Body for Implementation (SBI) – are likely to hold their 35th sessions.

The United Nations Framework The United Nations Framework Convention Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC)on Climate Change (UNFCCC)(21 March 1994) 1/2(21 March 1994) 1/2

• Christiana Figueres from Costa Rica is the Head of the UNFCCC.

• UNFCCC has set an overall framework for global efforts to tackle the challenge posed by climate change.

• UNFCCC recognises that the climate system is a shared resource whose stability can be affected by industrial and other emissions of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases.

The United Nations Framework The United Nations Framework Convention Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC)on Climate Change (UNFCCC)(21 March 1994) 2/2(21 March 1994) 2/2

Governments are required to:

(i) gather and share information on greenhouse gas emissions, national policies and best practices

(ii) launch national strategies for addressing greenhouse gas emissions and adapting to expected impacts, including the provision of financial and technological support to developing countries

(iii) cooperate in preparing for adaptation to the impacts of climate change.

Currently, there are 195 Parties (194 States and 1 regional economic integration organisation) to the Convention.

The Kyoto Protocol 1/2The Kyoto Protocol 1/2

The Kyoto Protocol is an international agreement linked to the UNFCCC.

• It sets binding targets for 37 industrialised countries and the European Union for reducing greenhouse gas emissions.

• Using the emissions inventory for the year 1990 as a basis, reductions amounting to an average of 5% over the five-year period 2008-2012 is expected.

• The major difference between the Protocol and the UNFCCC is that while the UNFCCC encourages industrialised countries to stabilise greenhouse gas emissions (GHG’s), the Protocol commits them to do so.

• The Kyoto Protocol was adopted in Kyoto, Japan, on 11 December 1997 and entered into force on 16 February 2005.

• The commitment period of the Kyoto Protocol ends in 2012

• A new international framework needs to have been negotiated and ratified that can deliver the stringent emission reductions as recommended by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC).

• The basis for this is expected to happen in COP 17- CMP 7.

The Kyoto Protocol 2/2The Kyoto Protocol 2/2

The Intergovernmental Panel on The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) 1/2Climate Change (IPCC) 1/2

• IPCC was established in 1988 by the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) and the World Meteorological Organization (WMO)

• IPCC provides the world with a clear scientific view on the current state of knowledge in climate change and its potential environmental and socio-economic impacts.

•

• As an intergovernmental body the IPCC is open to all member countries of the United Nations and WMO.

• IPCC was established in 1988 by the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) and the World Meteorological Organization (WMO)

• IPCC provides the world with a clear scientific view on the current state of knowledge in climate change and its potential environmental and socio-economic impacts.

• As an intergovernmental body the IPCC is open to all member countries of the United Nations and WMO.

The Intergovernmental Panel on The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) 2/2Climate Change (IPCC) 2/2

Towards a new agreement in 2012Towards a new agreement in 2012

• Kyoto Protocol reaches its sell by date in 2012.

• Processes have been taking place to replace it with a new binding agreement.

• In 2007, The Bali Action Plan sought such an agreement.

• COP 15 which took place in Copenhagen called for a new deal but could only come up with the Copenhagen Accord.

• COP 16 which took place in Mexico in 2010 resulted in the CANCUN AGREEMENTS.

• It is up to South Africa to ensure that a solid agreement is to happen in 2012.

The Bali Action Plan (5 point plan)The Bali Action Plan (5 point plan)

The Bali Action Plan was agreed upon at COP 13 in December, in Bali, Indonesia.

1. A shared vision for long-term cooperative action, including a long-term global goal for emission reductions.

2. Enhanced national/international action on mitigation of climate change.

3. Enhanced action on adaptation.

4. Enhanced action on technology development and transfer to support action on mitigation and adaptation.

5. Enhanced action on the provision of financial resources and investment to support action on mitigation and adaptation and technology cooperation.

The Copenhagen AccordThe Copenhagen Accord

• The 15th session of the Conference of Parties (COP 15) to the UNFCCC took place in Denmark in the city of Copenhagen.

• COP 15 noted the Copenhagen Accord at the final plenary on 18 December 2009.

• Countries had to pledge their CO2 emission reductions.

• The Accord is not legally binding and does not commit countries to agree to a binding successor to the Kyoto Protocol.

• An assessment of the implementation of this Accord is to be completed by 2015.

The Cancun AgreementsThe Cancun Agreements

• COP 16 was held in Cancún, Mexico in 2010

• Arising thereof the Cancun Agreements were adopted.

• The Cancun Agreements are a set of significant decisions:

1. The international community agreed to address the long-term challenge of climate change collectively and comprehensively over time and to take concrete action now to speed up the global response.

2. The agreements represent key steps forward in capturing plans to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and to help developing nations protect themselves from climate impacts and build their own sustainable futures.

The 11th Hour has arrived.The 11th Hour has arrived.

We cannot allow the Kyoto Protocol to die here.

Christina Figueres (Head :UNFCCC) maintains that it is important to resolve the future of the Kyoto Protocol which is fundamental and critical for at least two reasons:

1) It contains the key rules to quantify monitor the mitigation efforts of countries.

2) It also contains important market based mechanisms that allows those countries to reach their mitigation levels in a cost effective manner.

Climate Change Consequences for Africa Climate Change Consequences for Africa

• Africa’s coastal regions will warm by around 1-2°C by about 2050 and around 3-4°C by about 2100;

• Africa’s interior regions will warm by around 3-4°C by about 2050 and around 6-7°C by about 2100;

• There will be significant changes in rainfall patterns and this, coupled with increased evaporation, will result in significant changes in respect of water availability, e.g. the western side of the country is likely to experience significant reductions in the flow of streams in the region;

CC Consequences if we do not take actionCC Consequences if we do not take action

• Constrained agricultural production and increasing food insecurity

• Increasing water stress and related water conflicts

• Increasing energy constraints, further impeding industrial development

• Expanding range and prevalence of vector-borne diseases (malaria, cholera, yellow fever, rift valley fever)

• Rising sea level impacting livelihoods in coastal areas

• Loss of biodiversity, forests and other natural habitats

• Increased risks of conflicts arising from climate-induced population migrations

YES, WE CAN

South Africa has proven to the world that as a fledgling democracy, we have surpassed international expectations when we host events of such stature.

YES, A new agreement can be negotiated in South Africa….

• Extend the Ad Hoc Working Group on Long-term Cooperative Action

• Launch a process to develop a protocol, another legal instrument or a legal outcome under the Convention applicable to all Parties

• Ad Hoc Working Group on the Durban Platform for Enhanced Action shall start its work as a matter of urgency in the first half of 2012 and shall report to future sessions of the Conference of the Parties on the progress of its work

• Ad Hoc Working Group on the Durban Platform for Enhanced Action shall complete its work as early as possible but no later than 2015 in order to adopt this protocol

The Durban Agreements The Durban Agreements 1/21/2

•Ad Hoc Working Group on the Durban Platform for Enhanced Action shall plan its work in the first half of 2012

•The process shall raise the level of ambition and shall be informed, inter alia, by the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, the outcomes of the 2013–2015 review and the work of the subsidiary bodies

•Launch a workplan on enhancing mitigation ambition to identify and to explore options for a range of actions that can close the ambition gap with a view to ensuring the highest possible mitigation efforts by all Parties

•Requests Parties and observer organizations to submit by 28 February 2012 theirviews on options and ways for further increasing the level of ambition

The Durban Agreements 2/2The Durban Agreements 2/2

PART IIPART II

The Economy of the Future Will be The Economy of the Future Will be GreenGreen

Million

s o

f U

.S.

Dollars

Investments in energy efficiency of buildings

1,200

1,000

800

600

400

200

0

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

Source: Cleantech Group, LLC

20

30

Source: Bloomberg New Energy Finance

Expected global investments in clean energy

Billion

s o

f U

.S.

Dollars

600

500

400

300

200

100

0

20

05

20

10

20

15

20

20

20

25

What is Green Economy?..What is Green Economy?..

Demand for renewable energy

Demand for energy consumption products

Demand for products that reduce pollution

Global warming and pollution

High prices for fossil fuels

Eco-friendly product demand

Improve the clean energy production’s…Improve the clean energy production’s…

Sources of clean energy

Wave Energy Biomass Power

Wind Geothermal Solar Fuel Cells Hydro

Energy saving transport

Reducing energy consumption…Reducing energy consumption…

Energy saving products

Energy saving process

The energy-saving opportunities involve all sectors….The energy-saving opportunities involve all sectors….

Green Economy SegmentGreen Economy Segment

Function Category SegmentIncrease Clean

Energy Generation

Energy source Wind Solar Geothermal Biopower Hydro Wave Alt. Fuels

Energy storage Fuel Cells Advanced Batteries Hybrid Systems

Energy infrastructure

Transmission Management Smart Grids

Reduce consumption of energy and

natural resources

ProductsApplianc

esLighting Building

Materials

Water Conservation

Audits & Retrofits

Sust. Design & Construction

Alt. Vehicles

ProcessesLife cycle design Packaging Smart

ProductionRecycling

Sustainable Forestry Sustainable Aquaculture Sustainable Food Processing

Systems Logistics Transit Systems Local Food Systems

Reduce pollution

Products Non-toxic and renewable materials Non-toxic cleaning products

Systems Ecosystem Regeneration Industrial Ecology Land Conservation

ServicesWaste and Wastewater

ManagementAir and Water Purification

Emissions control

Organic Farming

Support Services Research & Development

Advocacy & Policy

Education Green Consulting

Green Finance

Green Real Estate

Nowadays, which is the challenge?....Nowadays, which is the challenge?....

……Identify the “big” opportunities Identify the “big” opportunities of Green Economyof Green Economy

Materials Components Manufacturers Logistic transport

Final employment

Understand the emerging markets and their supply chains:(for example wind energy..)

Companies can adapt existing capabilities in emerging markets

..Joining in the “green chain”..Joining in the “green chain”

An automotive supplier has created a line gearbox housing for wind energy producers.

New 42,000 sq foot facility

Gearbox housings

..Discovery an emerging market..Discovery an emerging market

An engineering company has created new lines of products intrams sector and energy from the wave.

..Reduce pollution by turning waste into ..Reduce pollution by turning waste into profitprofit

Alternative uses of waste can create opportunities for new sales and products.

……And Cameroon?...And Cameroon?...

Cameroon Tribune 15.01.2012:Cameroon Tribune 15.01.2012:

“Renewable Energy – Gov’t Partners with Forbes Energy to Increase Supply.”

An agreement was signed by the government, According to the technical project for the project is expected to produce 19.2 MW of bio-energy, 600,000 tons and 150,000 tons of cassava

The project could change the The project could change the country’s energy sector country’s energy sector

Michael Forbes Ngako Tomdio (Minister of Energy and Water Resources) said:

”the project could offer the country the opportunity to diversify its energy sources: Today in Cameroon produce energy from water and we will soon be producing energy from gas. We are having experiments with solar and wind energy and this time, we are going to have practical experience with bio fuel.”

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