By Samuel Ogbe By Samuel Ogbe

AndAnd

Laurin HunterLaurin Hunter

What is a Fungus?What is a Fungus? Fungi are heterotrophic and eukaryotic. Fungi are heterotrophic and eukaryotic. They are part of The Kingdom Fungi.They are part of The Kingdom Fungi.

SaprophyteSaprophyte == DecomposerDecomposer

Orange Peel Orange Peel FungusFungus

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Luminous fungi: bioluminescentLuminous fungi: bioluminescent mushroom mushroom

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Fungus structure p.402-04Fungus structure p.402-04

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Hyphae: tiny threads of Hyphae: tiny threads of cytoplasm surrounded cytoplasm surrounded by a plasma by a plasma membrane and covered membrane and covered by a cell wall.by a cell wall.

Most fungi build their Most fungi build their cell wall out of Chitin, cell wall out of Chitin, a strong flexible a strong flexible polysaccharide that is polysaccharide that is found in external found in external skeletons of insects.skeletons of insects.

Fungus structureFungus structure

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Mycelium: an interwoven Mycelium: an interwoven mat of hyphae under the mat of hyphae under the ground.ground.

Spore: haploid single cells Spore: haploid single cells with thick cell walls that are with thick cell walls that are dispersed as a mean of dispersed as a mean of reproduction. Usually reproduction. Usually spread by wind, water, or spread by wind, water, or animal contact.animal contact.

Septa: crosswalls that divide Septa: crosswalls that divide hyphaehyphae

Difference Between Fungi and Difference Between Fungi and Plants PlantsFungiFungi PlantsPlants

Cell walls made out Cell walls made out of Chitinof Chitin

Fungi have septaFungi have septa Does not have Does not have

chlorophyll which chlorophyll which makes it a makes it a heterotroph.heterotroph.

Cell walls made out Cell walls made out of Celluloseof Cellulose

Plants have cell wall Plants have cell wall and cell membraneand cell membrane

Has chlorophyll Has chlorophyll which make it an which make it an autotroph.autotroph.

Three Main GroupsThree Main Groups

Zygomycota(Zygote Fungi) Zygomycota(Zygote Fungi) p.405p.405

Mostly terrestrial and live in soil or on Mostly terrestrial and live in soil or on decaying plant and animal material.decaying plant and animal material.

When food is available it reproduces When food is available it reproduces asexually through sporangia.asexually through sporangia.

When there is no food supply it When there is no food supply it reproduces sexually.reproduces sexually.

Zygomycota(Zygote Fungi)Zygomycota(Zygote Fungi)

““Parents” are identical looking but Parents” are identical looking but genetically different mycelia.genetically different mycelia.

The mycelia come together and form a The mycelia come together and form a zygosporangium. zygosporangium.

The zygosporangium than goes through The zygosporangium than goes through meiosis to produce spores that will grow meiosis to produce spores that will grow into new hyphae.into new hyphae.

Zygomycota:Common mold Zygomycota:Common mold RhizopusRhizopus

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Ascomycetes(Sac Fungi)p.406Ascomycetes(Sac Fungi)p.406

Mostly live in marine, freshwater, and Mostly live in marine, freshwater, and terrestrial habitats.terrestrial habitats.

This fungus gets name from a specialized This fungus gets name from a specialized reproductive structure called an ascus reproductive structure called an ascus which have spore cells.which have spore cells.

Just like Zygomycota fungus, it Just like Zygomycota fungus, it reproduces in the same conditions.reproduces in the same conditions.

Ascomycetes(Sac Fungi)Ascomycetes(Sac Fungi)

When the two genetically different When the two genetically different mycelia come together, they produce mycelia come together, they produce dikaryotic hyphae.dikaryotic hyphae.

The dikaryotic hyphae grow into an The dikaryotic hyphae grow into an aboveground reproductive structure aboveground reproductive structure called a fruiting body.called a fruiting body.

Ascomycetes: A moralAscomycetes: A moral

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Basidiomycetes(Club Basidiomycetes(Club Fungi)p.407Fungi)p.407

Most familiar fungi to us in the form of Most familiar fungi to us in the form of mushrooms, puffballs, and rust.mushrooms, puffballs, and rust.

Named for club-shaped, spore-producing Named for club-shaped, spore-producing structure called a basidium.structure called a basidium.

Many basidiomycetes play a key role in Many basidiomycetes play a key role in the environment by decomposingthe environment by decomposing ..

Basidiomycetes(Club Fungi)Basidiomycetes(Club Fungi)

Spores are formed by sexual reproduction Spores are formed by sexual reproduction since asexual reproduction is less since asexual reproduction is less common common

Spores are dropped from the of a Spores are dropped from the of a mushroom called the “gills”mushroom called the “gills”

Spores travel by wind or contact with Spores travel by wind or contact with animals then drop and germinate when animals then drop and germinate when conditions are favorable.conditions are favorable.

BasidiomycetesBasidiomycetes

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Yeast p.408Yeast p.408

Single-celled fungi.Single-celled fungi.Live in liquid or moist habitats.Live in liquid or moist habitats.Some yeast can reproduce sexually and Some yeast can reproduce sexually and

some asexually.some asexually.

YeastYeast

Yeast and other fungi with no known sexual Yeast and other fungi with no known sexual stage of reproduction are put in an informal stage of reproduction are put in an informal category called the category called the imperfect fungi.imperfect fungi.

Yeast is used by baker to raise dough and it is Yeast is used by baker to raise dough and it is also used to ferment alcoholic drinks for also used to ferment alcoholic drinks for thousands of years.thousands of years.

Bread dough rises when yeast cells release Bread dough rises when yeast cells release carbon dioxide.carbon dioxide.

Yeast: Yeast budsYeast: Yeast buds

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Molds p.408Molds p.408

A fungus that grows rapidly on a surface A fungus that grows rapidly on a surface is considered a mold.is considered a mold.

This usually involves asexual This usually involves asexual reproduction.reproduction.

Some molds are placed as an Some molds are placed as an imperfect imperfect fungifungi but many molds are placed as a but many molds are placed as a basidiomycete, ascomycete, and a basidiomycete, ascomycete, and a zygomycota fungi.zygomycota fungi.

MoldsMolds

Penicillium is a common mold that grows Penicillium is a common mold that grows on fruit.on fruit.

Penicilluim is the source of the antibiotic Penicilluim is the source of the antibiotic penicillin. penicillin.

This fungus prevents bacteria from This fungus prevents bacteria from growing near it which benefits us when growing near it which benefits us when used for medical purposes.used for medical purposes.

Molds: PenicilliumMolds: Penicillium

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BibliographyBibliography "WordNet Search - 3.0." 13 May 2009 "WordNet Search - 3.0." 13 May 2009

<http://wordnetweb.princeton.edu/perl/webwn?s=fungus>.<http://wordnetweb.princeton.edu/perl/webwn?s=fungus>. Lillard, Susan. "Mold-Help.org: Differences Between Fungi And Lillard, Susan. "Mold-Help.org: Differences Between Fungi And

PlantsThe BEST." PlantsThe BEST." Mold-Help.org: The BEST toxic mold site on Mold-Help.org: The BEST toxic mold site on the web...the truth;the web...the truth;. 08 May . 08 May 2009 2009 <http://www.mold-help.org/content/view/177/>.<http://www.mold-help.org/content/view/177/>.

Kleijn, H. Kleijn, H. Mushrooms and other fungi; their form and colourMushrooms and other fungi; their form and colour. 1st american . 1st american ed. Garden City: Doubleday, 1962. p#5-12ed. Garden City: Doubleday, 1962. p#5-12

Ammirati, Joe F. "Fungi." Ammirati, Joe F. "Fungi." World BookWorld Book. 2006th ed. 2006. 559-60.. 2006th ed. 2006. 559-60. "Fungi." "Fungi." Hand specialist Hand Surgery David Nelson San Francisco Hand specialist Hand Surgery David Nelson San Francisco

MarinMarin. 18 June 2004. 14 May 2009 . 18 June 2004. 14 May 2009 <http://www.davidlnelson.md/Cazadero/Fungi.htm>.<http://www.davidlnelson.md/Cazadero/Fungi.htm>.

Biology Exploring LifeBiology Exploring Life. Upper Saddle River: Pearson Prentice Hall, . Upper Saddle River: Pearson Prentice Hall, 2006.p#402-408.2006.p#402-408.

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The EndThe End

Remember to………………….Remember to………………….

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