fungi
DESCRIPTION
Fungi. PURPLE CORAL FUNGUS Clavaria. RUBBER CUP FUNGUS Sarcosorna. SULFUR SHELF FUNGUS Polyporus. TRUMPET CHANTARELLE Caraterellus. SCARLET HOOD Hygrophorus. BIG LAUGHING MUSHROOM Gymnophilus. The light red coral Fungus, Ramaria. The shelf Fungus, Polyporus. A.ocreata - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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• Fungi
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SULFUR SHELF FUNGUS Polyporus
BIG LAUGHING MUSHROOM Gymnophilus
PURPLE CORAL FUNGUS Clavaria RUBBER CUP FUNGUS Sarcosorna
TRUMPET CHANTARELLE Caraterellus
SCARLET HOOD Hygrophorus
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The light red coral Fungus, Ramaria
The shelf Fungus, Polyporus
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Fly Agaric mushroom, Amanita muscariaCauses hallucinations when eaten.
A.ocreataVery poisonous
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Key Concepts:
• Fungi are heterotrophs• Fungi and bacteria are the decomposers of the
biosphere• Fungal enzymes are secreted outside their body
which digest food• Most fungi are multicelled• Fungal spores develop from hyphae• Many fungi are symbionts with other organisms
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Characteristics of Fungi
• Premier decomposers• Heterotrophs• Extracellular digestion• Absorption of products• Saprophytic• Parasitic
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Major Groups of Fungi
• Zygomycota• Ascomycota• Basidiomycota• Life Cycles
– Asexually most often• Spores• Mycelium
– Hyphae– Chitin
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nuclear fusion meiosis
zygospore (2n)
spores (n) Zygospore Spore sac
mycelium develops from germinated spore
rhizoids
stolon
ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION
(mitosis)
contact between hyphae of two mating strains
germinating zygospore
Diploid StageHaploid Stage
young zygospore
gametangia fusing
50 µm
spores (n)
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Spores and More Spores
• Sexual or asexual– Temperature
dependent– Moisture dependent
• Zygosporangium• Basidiospores• Ascospores
Sarcoscypha coccinia
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ascospore (sexual spore)
spore sac
spore-bearing hypha of this ascoscarp
ascoscarp ascoscarp
conidia (chains of asexual spores)
budding yeast cell
Morels
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Other Sac Fungi
• Molds– Penicillium
• Penicillin• Camembert and
Roquefort cheeses
– Aspergillus• Soy sauce• Soft drinks - citric
acid
• Yeasts– Saccharomyces
cerevisiae• Bread, wine and beer
– Candida albicans• Infections
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Beneficial Associations Between Fungi and Plants
• Symbiosis– Mutualism
• Lichen– Fungus and
photosynthetic organism
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Leaf-like
Old Man’s Beard Usnea
Erect branching LichenCladonia rangiferina
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Lichens
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dispersal fragment (cells of mycobiont and of photobiont)
cortex (outer layer of mycobiont)
photobionts
medulla (inner layer of loosley woven hyphae)
cortex
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Other Symbiotic Relationships
• Mycorrhiza– Young tree roots– Mutualistic
• Fungi as clues to the environment– Decline correlate with rise in air pollution
• Fungi and disease– Histoplasmosis– Poisonings– Skin infections– Pneumocystis carinii
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Athlete’s foot –Epidermophyton floccosum Apple scab- Venturia inaequalis
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Reproductive structures of Pilobolus
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Some Pathogenic and Toxic Fungi
ZygomycetesRhizopus - Food spoilage
AscomycetesAjeliomyces capsulatus- Histoplasmosis
Aspergillus – sinus, ear, lung infection
Microsporium sp. Various ringworms.
Verticillium sp Plant wilt
Monilinia fructicola- Brown Rot of Peaches
Basidiomycetes
Puccinia graminis Wheat Rust
Ustilago maydis Corn Smut
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In Conclusion
• Fungi are heterotrophs and major decomposers• Most fungi are multicellular• The main groups of fungi are the Zygomycetes, the
Ascomycetes, and the Basidiomycetes• Fungi are classified by the type of spores they
produce
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In Conclusion
• Most fungi can produce sexual and asexual spores• Lichen are mutualistic associations between a
fungus and a photosynthetic organism
• developed by M. Roig