fundamentals of nanoelectronics: basic concepts

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Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 1 Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | www.hzdr.de FWIZ Seminar 13.11.2014 Fundamentals of Nanoelectronics: Basic Concepts Sławomir Prucnal FWIM

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Page 1: Fundamentals of Nanoelectronics: Basic Concepts

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 1

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Fundamentals of

Nanoelectronics

Basic Concepts

Sławomir Prucnal

FWIM

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 2

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Outline

bull Introduction

bull Electronics in nanoscale

ndash Transport

ndash Ohms law

bull Optoelectronic properties of

semiconductors

bull Optics in nanoscale

ndash Band gap

ndash Quantum confinement effect

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 3

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

httpdownloadintelcomnewsroomkitschipmakingpdfsSand-to-Silicon_22nm-Versionpdf

Silicon wafer

Photolithography

Ion implantation

Etching

Temporary Gate

Formation

metalization

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 4

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Introduction

NEAR-TERM 2013-2020 Scaling of Si CMOS - Implementation of fully depleted SOI

Implementation of high-mobility CMOS channel materials

httpwwwitrsnetLinks2013ITRSHome2013htm

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 5

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Introduction

From Wikipedia

SmartCut

SIMOX process

SOI

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 6

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Introduction

(Source Synopsys)

httpwwwgoogledeimgresimgurl=httpwwwtechdesignforumscompracticefiles201305tdf-snpspvff-fdsoi-3lrgjpgampimgrefurl=http wwwtechdesignforumscompractice techniquephysical-verification-design-finfet-fd-soi amph=532ampw=980amptbnid=bG2T-9aazoPmjMamptbnh=90amptbnw=166ampusg=__3fSXT57run64yrsHWP2cDxmXjfs=ampdocid=9ZIFDJ9SQcwv AMampsa=Xampved=0CEAQ9QEwBWoVChMIrqu3kfrAxwIVw7kUCh3DKQn5

Silicon wafer

httpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=ZvQMC7qL2B8

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 7

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Introduction

(Source Synopsys)

httpwwwgoogledeimgresimgurl=httpwwwtechdesignforumscompracticefiles201305tdf-snpspvff-fdsoi-3lrgjpgampimgrefurl=http wwwtechdesignforumscompractice techniquephysical-verification-design-finfet-fd-soi amph=532ampw=980amptbnid=bG2T-9aazoPmjMamptbnh=90amptbnw=166ampusg=__3fSXT57run64yrsHWP2cDxmXjfs=ampdocid=9ZIFDJ9SQcwv AMampsa=Xampved=0CEAQ9QEwBWoVChMIrqu3kfrAxwIVw7kUCh3DKQn5

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 8

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Introduction

Benefits Challanges

reduction in power consumption (~50 over 32nm)

Very restrictive design options

Faster switching speed Fin width variability and edge quality leads to variability in threshold voltage VT

Availability of strain engineering Extra manufacturing complexity and expense

The main manufacturing challenges for finFETs (above 20 nm) are - controlling the etch along the edges - uniform doping of 3D surfaces - Deposition of all the films used in the gate stack

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 9

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

The top silicon layer is typically between 50 and 90 nmthick Silicon under the channel is partially depleted of mobile charge carriers

The top silicon layer is between 5 and 20 nm thick typically frac14 of the gate length Silicon under the gate is fully depleted of mobile charge carriers There is no floating body effect

Fully depleted silicon-on-insulator FD-SOI vs PD-SOI

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 10

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

10

Benefits Challanges

Significant reduction in power consumption below 11 nm

High cost of initial wafers

Faster switching speed Variability in VT due to variations in the thickness of silicon thin-film

Easier standard manufacturing process No strain engineering possible

Availability of back-biasing to control VT

No doping variability

Fully depleted silicon-on-insulator FD-SOI (below 14 nm)

Introduction

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 11

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Introduction

NEAR-TERM 2013-2020 Scaling of Si CMOS - Implementation of fully depleted SOI

Implementation of high-mobility CMOS channel materials

LONG-TERM 2021-2028 Implementation of advanced multi-gate structuresmdash ultra-thin

body multi-gate MOSFETs

httpwwwitrsnetLinks2013ITRSHome2013htm

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 12

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Multi-gate structures

httpwwwgoogledeimgresimgurl=http3A2F2Fwwwfz-juelichde2FSharedDocs2FBilder2FPGI2FPGI-92FEN2FForschung2FNanowires2FMultigatMOSFET jpg253F __blob253Dnormalampimgrefurl=http3A2F2Fwwwfz-juelichde2Fpgi2Fpgi-92FDE2FForschung2F05-Si-Nano-MOSFET2F01-Multigate2520nanowire2F_nodehtmlamph= 336ampw=600amptbnid=4kA-VMzzxXDUlM3Aampdocid=ZqBKi7JKfbji2Mampei=OrjaVbjkF4n0ULaHjdAEamptbm=ischampiact=rcampuact=3ampdur=2146amppage=1ampstart=0ampndsp=30ampved=0CHQQrQMw GmoVChMIuOnjrIrBxwIVCToUCh22QwNK

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 13

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

httpwwwsecgovArchivesedgardata937966000119312514331751g784347page_012jpg

Multi-gate structures

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 14

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Hybrid 1D and 3D nanostructures

AFM topography of annealed and etched

sample

Room temperature semi-logarithmic I-V

characteristic of n-InAsp-Si heterojunction

Prucnal et al Nanolett 11 2814 (2011)

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 15

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

InAs

Hybrid 1D and 3D nanostructures

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 16

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Hybrid 1D and 3D nanostructures

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 17

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

GeOI for junctionless transistors

00 05 10 15 2010

-11

10-10

10-9

10-8

50x50x3000 nm

H x W x L

Cu

rre

nt (A

)

Voltage (V)

100 nm Ge

50 nm Ge

100x100x3000 nm

H x W x L

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 18

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Electronic transport

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 19

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

length scale transistor density

1 mm = 1m1000

1 mm = 1mm1000

1 nm = 1mm1000 Atomic distance lt 1 nm

1985 rarr 10 mm channel length

2010 rarr lt 100 nm

2015 rarr lt 20 nm

For the channel length of 10 mm size

of transisotr is 100 mm

3 cm

3 c

m

300

300

105

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 20

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

length scale transistor density

1 mm = 1m1000

1 mm = 1mm1000

1 nm = 1mm1000 Atomic distance lt 1 nm

1985 rarr 10 mm channel length

2010 rarr lt 100 nm

2015 rarr lt 20 nm

For the channel length of 100 nm size

of transisotr is 1 mm

3 cm

3 c

m

30000

30000

109

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 21

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

length scale transistor density

1 mm = 1m1000

1 mm = 1mm1000

1 nm = 1mm1000 Atomic distance lt 1 nm

1985 rarr 10 mm channel length

2010 rarr lt 100 nm

2015 rarr lt 20 nm

For the channel length of 20 nm size

of transisotr is 200 nm

3 cm

3 c

m

150000

15

00

00

109 times 25

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 22

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

length scaleelectronic transport

1 mm = 1m1000

1 mm = 1mm1000

1 nm = 1mm1000 Atomic distance lt 1 nm

S D Channel

Vo I

119933

119920=R

R determines OnOff state and is controlled by 3rd terminal

- + 1985 rarr 10 mm

2010 rarr lt 100 nm

2015 rarr lt 20 nm

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 23

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

length scaleelectronic transport

1 mm = 1m1000

1 mm = 1mm1000

1 nm = 1mm1000 Atomic distance lt 1 nm

1985 rarr 10 mm

2010 rarr lt 100 nm

2015 rarr lt 20 nm

S D

Channel

Vo I

e

e

- +

Diffusive transport

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 24

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

length scaleelectronic transport

1 mm = 1m1000

1 mm = 1mm1000

1 nm = 1mm1000 Atomic distance lt 1 nm

1985 rarr 10 mm

2010 rarr lt 100 nm

2015 rarr lt 20 nm

S D

Channel

Vo I

e

e

- +

Ballistic transport

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 25

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

length scale Ohms law

S D Channel

Vo I

R=r119923

119912 Lrarr 120782119929 rarr 120782119929 =

119945

119954120784=25kWfor ballistic transport

119933

119920=R

- +

~mm ~nm

S D Channel

L W

Vo I + -

119933

119920=R=

120646

119934119923 119933

119920=R=

120646

119934(119923 +119950119942119938119951119943119955119942119942119953119938119957119945)

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 26

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

length scale Ohms law

G Jo et al J Appl Phys 102 084508 (2007)

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 27

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Mobility

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 28

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

length scale mobility

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 29

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

length scale mobility

F Gaacutemiz 2004 Semicond Sci Technol 19 113

Ballistic transport

Diffusive transport

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 30

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

length scale mobility

Patrick S Goley and Mantu K Hudait Materials 2014 7(3) 2301-2339

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 31

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

GeOI for junctionless transistors

Xiao Yu et all ECS Solid State Lett 4 P15 (2015)

1014

1015

1019

0

100

200

300

400

500 Electron mobility

for 50 nm Ge

Mobili

ty c

m2V

s

Carrier concentration (cm-3)

SmartCut

GeOI

Epi-Ge

University of Tokyo PECVD+FLA

HZDR

20x1018

40x1018

60x1018

80x1018

10x1019

0

25

50

75

100

125

150

175

200

Carrier concentration (cm-3)

Mo

bili

ty c

m2V

s

PECVD+FLA

HZDREpi-Ge

University of Tokyo

SmartCut

GeOI

hole mobility

for 50 nm Ge

Preliminary data

Carrier mobility vs Carrier concentration in 50 nm thick Ge on insulator

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 32

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Downscaling

httpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=v2gDMj42sIM

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 33

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optoelectronic properties of semiconductors

Douglas J Paul Semicond Sci Technol 19 R75-R108 (2004)

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 34

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optoelectronic properties of semiconductors

IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTRON DEVICES VOL 55 NO 1 JANUARY 2008

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 35

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optical properties of semiconductors

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 36

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optical properties of semiconductors

(a) Direct-bandgap semiconductors such as GaAs InP and GaN (b) An indirect-bandgap semiconductor such as silicon or germanium

kne0 k=0

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 37

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optical properties of semiconductors

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 38

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optical properties of semiconductors

Jia-Zhi Chen et al Opt Mater Express 4 1178-1185 (2014)

Direct bandgap energies of unstrained Ge1minus xSnx alloys (a) and calculated band edges of the

various bands for pseudomorphic Ge1minus xSnx alloys on Ge as a function of Sn composition

Ge with direct bandgap

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 39

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optical properties of semiconductors

Schematic of the effect of quantum confinement on the electronic structure of a semiconductor The arrows indicate the lowest energy absorption transition (a) Bulk semiconductor CB = conduction band VB = valence band) (b) Three lowest electron (Enle ) and hole (Enlh ) energy levels in a quantum dot The corresponding wave functions are represented by dashed lines (c) Semiconductor nanocrystal (quantum dot)

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 40

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optical properties of semiconductors

(a) Three lowest electron (Enle ) and hole (Enlh ) energy levels in a semiconductor nanocrystal quantum dot The corresponding wave functions are represented by the dashed lines Allowed optical transitions are given by the arrows (b) Assignment of the transitions in the absorption spectrum of colloidal CdTe quantum dots

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 41

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optical properties of semiconductors

Eg= band gap energy of bulk semiconductor

R = radius of quantum dot

me= effective mass of excited electron

mh= effective mass of excited hole

h = Planckrsquos constant

Energy of photons emitted by QDs

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 42

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optical properties of semiconductors

Eg= band gap energy of bulk semiconductor

R = radius of quantum dot

me= effective mass of excited electron

mh= effective mass of excited hole

h = Planckrsquos constant

Energy of photons emitted by QDs

CdS QD

1 Experimental data

2 calculation

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 43

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optical properties of semiconductors

Eg= band gap energy of bulk semiconductor

R = radius of quantum dot

me= effective mass of excited electron

mh= effective mass of excited hole

h = Planckrsquos constant

Energy of photons emitted by QDs

Advanced Biomedical Engineering book edited by Gaetano D Gargiulo Co-editor Alistair McEwan ISBN 978-953-307-555-6

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 44

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optical properties of semiconductors

Schematic representation of the quantum

confinement effect on the energy level structure of

a semiconductor material

Celso de Mello Donegaacute Chem Soc Rev 40 1512-1546 (2011)

119886119887 = 120634119898

120699119886119887

ab =0053 nm ndash dielectric constant

m ndash electron mass

m ndash effective electron mass

Bohr radius for semiconductors

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 45

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Questions

Page 2: Fundamentals of Nanoelectronics: Basic Concepts

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 2

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Outline

bull Introduction

bull Electronics in nanoscale

ndash Transport

ndash Ohms law

bull Optoelectronic properties of

semiconductors

bull Optics in nanoscale

ndash Band gap

ndash Quantum confinement effect

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 3

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

httpdownloadintelcomnewsroomkitschipmakingpdfsSand-to-Silicon_22nm-Versionpdf

Silicon wafer

Photolithography

Ion implantation

Etching

Temporary Gate

Formation

metalization

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 4

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Introduction

NEAR-TERM 2013-2020 Scaling of Si CMOS - Implementation of fully depleted SOI

Implementation of high-mobility CMOS channel materials

httpwwwitrsnetLinks2013ITRSHome2013htm

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 5

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Introduction

From Wikipedia

SmartCut

SIMOX process

SOI

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 6

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Introduction

(Source Synopsys)

httpwwwgoogledeimgresimgurl=httpwwwtechdesignforumscompracticefiles201305tdf-snpspvff-fdsoi-3lrgjpgampimgrefurl=http wwwtechdesignforumscompractice techniquephysical-verification-design-finfet-fd-soi amph=532ampw=980amptbnid=bG2T-9aazoPmjMamptbnh=90amptbnw=166ampusg=__3fSXT57run64yrsHWP2cDxmXjfs=ampdocid=9ZIFDJ9SQcwv AMampsa=Xampved=0CEAQ9QEwBWoVChMIrqu3kfrAxwIVw7kUCh3DKQn5

Silicon wafer

httpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=ZvQMC7qL2B8

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 7

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Introduction

(Source Synopsys)

httpwwwgoogledeimgresimgurl=httpwwwtechdesignforumscompracticefiles201305tdf-snpspvff-fdsoi-3lrgjpgampimgrefurl=http wwwtechdesignforumscompractice techniquephysical-verification-design-finfet-fd-soi amph=532ampw=980amptbnid=bG2T-9aazoPmjMamptbnh=90amptbnw=166ampusg=__3fSXT57run64yrsHWP2cDxmXjfs=ampdocid=9ZIFDJ9SQcwv AMampsa=Xampved=0CEAQ9QEwBWoVChMIrqu3kfrAxwIVw7kUCh3DKQn5

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 8

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Introduction

Benefits Challanges

reduction in power consumption (~50 over 32nm)

Very restrictive design options

Faster switching speed Fin width variability and edge quality leads to variability in threshold voltage VT

Availability of strain engineering Extra manufacturing complexity and expense

The main manufacturing challenges for finFETs (above 20 nm) are - controlling the etch along the edges - uniform doping of 3D surfaces - Deposition of all the films used in the gate stack

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 9

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

The top silicon layer is typically between 50 and 90 nmthick Silicon under the channel is partially depleted of mobile charge carriers

The top silicon layer is between 5 and 20 nm thick typically frac14 of the gate length Silicon under the gate is fully depleted of mobile charge carriers There is no floating body effect

Fully depleted silicon-on-insulator FD-SOI vs PD-SOI

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 10

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

10

Benefits Challanges

Significant reduction in power consumption below 11 nm

High cost of initial wafers

Faster switching speed Variability in VT due to variations in the thickness of silicon thin-film

Easier standard manufacturing process No strain engineering possible

Availability of back-biasing to control VT

No doping variability

Fully depleted silicon-on-insulator FD-SOI (below 14 nm)

Introduction

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 11

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Introduction

NEAR-TERM 2013-2020 Scaling of Si CMOS - Implementation of fully depleted SOI

Implementation of high-mobility CMOS channel materials

LONG-TERM 2021-2028 Implementation of advanced multi-gate structuresmdash ultra-thin

body multi-gate MOSFETs

httpwwwitrsnetLinks2013ITRSHome2013htm

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 12

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Multi-gate structures

httpwwwgoogledeimgresimgurl=http3A2F2Fwwwfz-juelichde2FSharedDocs2FBilder2FPGI2FPGI-92FEN2FForschung2FNanowires2FMultigatMOSFET jpg253F __blob253Dnormalampimgrefurl=http3A2F2Fwwwfz-juelichde2Fpgi2Fpgi-92FDE2FForschung2F05-Si-Nano-MOSFET2F01-Multigate2520nanowire2F_nodehtmlamph= 336ampw=600amptbnid=4kA-VMzzxXDUlM3Aampdocid=ZqBKi7JKfbji2Mampei=OrjaVbjkF4n0ULaHjdAEamptbm=ischampiact=rcampuact=3ampdur=2146amppage=1ampstart=0ampndsp=30ampved=0CHQQrQMw GmoVChMIuOnjrIrBxwIVCToUCh22QwNK

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 13

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

httpwwwsecgovArchivesedgardata937966000119312514331751g784347page_012jpg

Multi-gate structures

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 14

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Hybrid 1D and 3D nanostructures

AFM topography of annealed and etched

sample

Room temperature semi-logarithmic I-V

characteristic of n-InAsp-Si heterojunction

Prucnal et al Nanolett 11 2814 (2011)

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 15

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

InAs

Hybrid 1D and 3D nanostructures

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 16

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Hybrid 1D and 3D nanostructures

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 17

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

GeOI for junctionless transistors

00 05 10 15 2010

-11

10-10

10-9

10-8

50x50x3000 nm

H x W x L

Cu

rre

nt (A

)

Voltage (V)

100 nm Ge

50 nm Ge

100x100x3000 nm

H x W x L

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 18

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Electronic transport

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 19

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

length scale transistor density

1 mm = 1m1000

1 mm = 1mm1000

1 nm = 1mm1000 Atomic distance lt 1 nm

1985 rarr 10 mm channel length

2010 rarr lt 100 nm

2015 rarr lt 20 nm

For the channel length of 10 mm size

of transisotr is 100 mm

3 cm

3 c

m

300

300

105

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 20

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

length scale transistor density

1 mm = 1m1000

1 mm = 1mm1000

1 nm = 1mm1000 Atomic distance lt 1 nm

1985 rarr 10 mm channel length

2010 rarr lt 100 nm

2015 rarr lt 20 nm

For the channel length of 100 nm size

of transisotr is 1 mm

3 cm

3 c

m

30000

30000

109

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 21

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

length scale transistor density

1 mm = 1m1000

1 mm = 1mm1000

1 nm = 1mm1000 Atomic distance lt 1 nm

1985 rarr 10 mm channel length

2010 rarr lt 100 nm

2015 rarr lt 20 nm

For the channel length of 20 nm size

of transisotr is 200 nm

3 cm

3 c

m

150000

15

00

00

109 times 25

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 22

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

length scaleelectronic transport

1 mm = 1m1000

1 mm = 1mm1000

1 nm = 1mm1000 Atomic distance lt 1 nm

S D Channel

Vo I

119933

119920=R

R determines OnOff state and is controlled by 3rd terminal

- + 1985 rarr 10 mm

2010 rarr lt 100 nm

2015 rarr lt 20 nm

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 23

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

length scaleelectronic transport

1 mm = 1m1000

1 mm = 1mm1000

1 nm = 1mm1000 Atomic distance lt 1 nm

1985 rarr 10 mm

2010 rarr lt 100 nm

2015 rarr lt 20 nm

S D

Channel

Vo I

e

e

- +

Diffusive transport

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 24

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

length scaleelectronic transport

1 mm = 1m1000

1 mm = 1mm1000

1 nm = 1mm1000 Atomic distance lt 1 nm

1985 rarr 10 mm

2010 rarr lt 100 nm

2015 rarr lt 20 nm

S D

Channel

Vo I

e

e

- +

Ballistic transport

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 25

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

length scale Ohms law

S D Channel

Vo I

R=r119923

119912 Lrarr 120782119929 rarr 120782119929 =

119945

119954120784=25kWfor ballistic transport

119933

119920=R

- +

~mm ~nm

S D Channel

L W

Vo I + -

119933

119920=R=

120646

119934119923 119933

119920=R=

120646

119934(119923 +119950119942119938119951119943119955119942119942119953119938119957119945)

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 26

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

length scale Ohms law

G Jo et al J Appl Phys 102 084508 (2007)

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 27

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Mobility

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 28

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

length scale mobility

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 29

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

length scale mobility

F Gaacutemiz 2004 Semicond Sci Technol 19 113

Ballistic transport

Diffusive transport

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 30

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

length scale mobility

Patrick S Goley and Mantu K Hudait Materials 2014 7(3) 2301-2339

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 31

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

GeOI for junctionless transistors

Xiao Yu et all ECS Solid State Lett 4 P15 (2015)

1014

1015

1019

0

100

200

300

400

500 Electron mobility

for 50 nm Ge

Mobili

ty c

m2V

s

Carrier concentration (cm-3)

SmartCut

GeOI

Epi-Ge

University of Tokyo PECVD+FLA

HZDR

20x1018

40x1018

60x1018

80x1018

10x1019

0

25

50

75

100

125

150

175

200

Carrier concentration (cm-3)

Mo

bili

ty c

m2V

s

PECVD+FLA

HZDREpi-Ge

University of Tokyo

SmartCut

GeOI

hole mobility

for 50 nm Ge

Preliminary data

Carrier mobility vs Carrier concentration in 50 nm thick Ge on insulator

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 32

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Downscaling

httpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=v2gDMj42sIM

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 33

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optoelectronic properties of semiconductors

Douglas J Paul Semicond Sci Technol 19 R75-R108 (2004)

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 34

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optoelectronic properties of semiconductors

IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTRON DEVICES VOL 55 NO 1 JANUARY 2008

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 35

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optical properties of semiconductors

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 36

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optical properties of semiconductors

(a) Direct-bandgap semiconductors such as GaAs InP and GaN (b) An indirect-bandgap semiconductor such as silicon or germanium

kne0 k=0

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 37

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optical properties of semiconductors

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 38

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optical properties of semiconductors

Jia-Zhi Chen et al Opt Mater Express 4 1178-1185 (2014)

Direct bandgap energies of unstrained Ge1minus xSnx alloys (a) and calculated band edges of the

various bands for pseudomorphic Ge1minus xSnx alloys on Ge as a function of Sn composition

Ge with direct bandgap

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 39

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optical properties of semiconductors

Schematic of the effect of quantum confinement on the electronic structure of a semiconductor The arrows indicate the lowest energy absorption transition (a) Bulk semiconductor CB = conduction band VB = valence band) (b) Three lowest electron (Enle ) and hole (Enlh ) energy levels in a quantum dot The corresponding wave functions are represented by dashed lines (c) Semiconductor nanocrystal (quantum dot)

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 40

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optical properties of semiconductors

(a) Three lowest electron (Enle ) and hole (Enlh ) energy levels in a semiconductor nanocrystal quantum dot The corresponding wave functions are represented by the dashed lines Allowed optical transitions are given by the arrows (b) Assignment of the transitions in the absorption spectrum of colloidal CdTe quantum dots

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 41

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optical properties of semiconductors

Eg= band gap energy of bulk semiconductor

R = radius of quantum dot

me= effective mass of excited electron

mh= effective mass of excited hole

h = Planckrsquos constant

Energy of photons emitted by QDs

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 42

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optical properties of semiconductors

Eg= band gap energy of bulk semiconductor

R = radius of quantum dot

me= effective mass of excited electron

mh= effective mass of excited hole

h = Planckrsquos constant

Energy of photons emitted by QDs

CdS QD

1 Experimental data

2 calculation

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 43

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optical properties of semiconductors

Eg= band gap energy of bulk semiconductor

R = radius of quantum dot

me= effective mass of excited electron

mh= effective mass of excited hole

h = Planckrsquos constant

Energy of photons emitted by QDs

Advanced Biomedical Engineering book edited by Gaetano D Gargiulo Co-editor Alistair McEwan ISBN 978-953-307-555-6

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 44

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optical properties of semiconductors

Schematic representation of the quantum

confinement effect on the energy level structure of

a semiconductor material

Celso de Mello Donegaacute Chem Soc Rev 40 1512-1546 (2011)

119886119887 = 120634119898

120699119886119887

ab =0053 nm ndash dielectric constant

m ndash electron mass

m ndash effective electron mass

Bohr radius for semiconductors

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 45

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Questions

Page 3: Fundamentals of Nanoelectronics: Basic Concepts

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 3

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

httpdownloadintelcomnewsroomkitschipmakingpdfsSand-to-Silicon_22nm-Versionpdf

Silicon wafer

Photolithography

Ion implantation

Etching

Temporary Gate

Formation

metalization

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 4

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Introduction

NEAR-TERM 2013-2020 Scaling of Si CMOS - Implementation of fully depleted SOI

Implementation of high-mobility CMOS channel materials

httpwwwitrsnetLinks2013ITRSHome2013htm

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 5

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Introduction

From Wikipedia

SmartCut

SIMOX process

SOI

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 6

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Introduction

(Source Synopsys)

httpwwwgoogledeimgresimgurl=httpwwwtechdesignforumscompracticefiles201305tdf-snpspvff-fdsoi-3lrgjpgampimgrefurl=http wwwtechdesignforumscompractice techniquephysical-verification-design-finfet-fd-soi amph=532ampw=980amptbnid=bG2T-9aazoPmjMamptbnh=90amptbnw=166ampusg=__3fSXT57run64yrsHWP2cDxmXjfs=ampdocid=9ZIFDJ9SQcwv AMampsa=Xampved=0CEAQ9QEwBWoVChMIrqu3kfrAxwIVw7kUCh3DKQn5

Silicon wafer

httpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=ZvQMC7qL2B8

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 7

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Introduction

(Source Synopsys)

httpwwwgoogledeimgresimgurl=httpwwwtechdesignforumscompracticefiles201305tdf-snpspvff-fdsoi-3lrgjpgampimgrefurl=http wwwtechdesignforumscompractice techniquephysical-verification-design-finfet-fd-soi amph=532ampw=980amptbnid=bG2T-9aazoPmjMamptbnh=90amptbnw=166ampusg=__3fSXT57run64yrsHWP2cDxmXjfs=ampdocid=9ZIFDJ9SQcwv AMampsa=Xampved=0CEAQ9QEwBWoVChMIrqu3kfrAxwIVw7kUCh3DKQn5

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 8

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Introduction

Benefits Challanges

reduction in power consumption (~50 over 32nm)

Very restrictive design options

Faster switching speed Fin width variability and edge quality leads to variability in threshold voltage VT

Availability of strain engineering Extra manufacturing complexity and expense

The main manufacturing challenges for finFETs (above 20 nm) are - controlling the etch along the edges - uniform doping of 3D surfaces - Deposition of all the films used in the gate stack

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 9

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

The top silicon layer is typically between 50 and 90 nmthick Silicon under the channel is partially depleted of mobile charge carriers

The top silicon layer is between 5 and 20 nm thick typically frac14 of the gate length Silicon under the gate is fully depleted of mobile charge carriers There is no floating body effect

Fully depleted silicon-on-insulator FD-SOI vs PD-SOI

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 10

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

10

Benefits Challanges

Significant reduction in power consumption below 11 nm

High cost of initial wafers

Faster switching speed Variability in VT due to variations in the thickness of silicon thin-film

Easier standard manufacturing process No strain engineering possible

Availability of back-biasing to control VT

No doping variability

Fully depleted silicon-on-insulator FD-SOI (below 14 nm)

Introduction

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 11

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Introduction

NEAR-TERM 2013-2020 Scaling of Si CMOS - Implementation of fully depleted SOI

Implementation of high-mobility CMOS channel materials

LONG-TERM 2021-2028 Implementation of advanced multi-gate structuresmdash ultra-thin

body multi-gate MOSFETs

httpwwwitrsnetLinks2013ITRSHome2013htm

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 12

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Multi-gate structures

httpwwwgoogledeimgresimgurl=http3A2F2Fwwwfz-juelichde2FSharedDocs2FBilder2FPGI2FPGI-92FEN2FForschung2FNanowires2FMultigatMOSFET jpg253F __blob253Dnormalampimgrefurl=http3A2F2Fwwwfz-juelichde2Fpgi2Fpgi-92FDE2FForschung2F05-Si-Nano-MOSFET2F01-Multigate2520nanowire2F_nodehtmlamph= 336ampw=600amptbnid=4kA-VMzzxXDUlM3Aampdocid=ZqBKi7JKfbji2Mampei=OrjaVbjkF4n0ULaHjdAEamptbm=ischampiact=rcampuact=3ampdur=2146amppage=1ampstart=0ampndsp=30ampved=0CHQQrQMw GmoVChMIuOnjrIrBxwIVCToUCh22QwNK

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 13

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

httpwwwsecgovArchivesedgardata937966000119312514331751g784347page_012jpg

Multi-gate structures

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 14

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Hybrid 1D and 3D nanostructures

AFM topography of annealed and etched

sample

Room temperature semi-logarithmic I-V

characteristic of n-InAsp-Si heterojunction

Prucnal et al Nanolett 11 2814 (2011)

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 15

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InAs

Hybrid 1D and 3D nanostructures

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Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Hybrid 1D and 3D nanostructures

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 17

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

GeOI for junctionless transistors

00 05 10 15 2010

-11

10-10

10-9

10-8

50x50x3000 nm

H x W x L

Cu

rre

nt (A

)

Voltage (V)

100 nm Ge

50 nm Ge

100x100x3000 nm

H x W x L

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 18

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Electronic transport

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 19

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

length scale transistor density

1 mm = 1m1000

1 mm = 1mm1000

1 nm = 1mm1000 Atomic distance lt 1 nm

1985 rarr 10 mm channel length

2010 rarr lt 100 nm

2015 rarr lt 20 nm

For the channel length of 10 mm size

of transisotr is 100 mm

3 cm

3 c

m

300

300

105

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 20

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

length scale transistor density

1 mm = 1m1000

1 mm = 1mm1000

1 nm = 1mm1000 Atomic distance lt 1 nm

1985 rarr 10 mm channel length

2010 rarr lt 100 nm

2015 rarr lt 20 nm

For the channel length of 100 nm size

of transisotr is 1 mm

3 cm

3 c

m

30000

30000

109

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 21

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

length scale transistor density

1 mm = 1m1000

1 mm = 1mm1000

1 nm = 1mm1000 Atomic distance lt 1 nm

1985 rarr 10 mm channel length

2010 rarr lt 100 nm

2015 rarr lt 20 nm

For the channel length of 20 nm size

of transisotr is 200 nm

3 cm

3 c

m

150000

15

00

00

109 times 25

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 22

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

length scaleelectronic transport

1 mm = 1m1000

1 mm = 1mm1000

1 nm = 1mm1000 Atomic distance lt 1 nm

S D Channel

Vo I

119933

119920=R

R determines OnOff state and is controlled by 3rd terminal

- + 1985 rarr 10 mm

2010 rarr lt 100 nm

2015 rarr lt 20 nm

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 23

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

length scaleelectronic transport

1 mm = 1m1000

1 mm = 1mm1000

1 nm = 1mm1000 Atomic distance lt 1 nm

1985 rarr 10 mm

2010 rarr lt 100 nm

2015 rarr lt 20 nm

S D

Channel

Vo I

e

e

- +

Diffusive transport

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 24

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

length scaleelectronic transport

1 mm = 1m1000

1 mm = 1mm1000

1 nm = 1mm1000 Atomic distance lt 1 nm

1985 rarr 10 mm

2010 rarr lt 100 nm

2015 rarr lt 20 nm

S D

Channel

Vo I

e

e

- +

Ballistic transport

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 25

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

length scale Ohms law

S D Channel

Vo I

R=r119923

119912 Lrarr 120782119929 rarr 120782119929 =

119945

119954120784=25kWfor ballistic transport

119933

119920=R

- +

~mm ~nm

S D Channel

L W

Vo I + -

119933

119920=R=

120646

119934119923 119933

119920=R=

120646

119934(119923 +119950119942119938119951119943119955119942119942119953119938119957119945)

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 26

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

length scale Ohms law

G Jo et al J Appl Phys 102 084508 (2007)

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 27

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Mobility

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 28

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

length scale mobility

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 29

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

length scale mobility

F Gaacutemiz 2004 Semicond Sci Technol 19 113

Ballistic transport

Diffusive transport

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 30

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

length scale mobility

Patrick S Goley and Mantu K Hudait Materials 2014 7(3) 2301-2339

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 31

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

GeOI for junctionless transistors

Xiao Yu et all ECS Solid State Lett 4 P15 (2015)

1014

1015

1019

0

100

200

300

400

500 Electron mobility

for 50 nm Ge

Mobili

ty c

m2V

s

Carrier concentration (cm-3)

SmartCut

GeOI

Epi-Ge

University of Tokyo PECVD+FLA

HZDR

20x1018

40x1018

60x1018

80x1018

10x1019

0

25

50

75

100

125

150

175

200

Carrier concentration (cm-3)

Mo

bili

ty c

m2V

s

PECVD+FLA

HZDREpi-Ge

University of Tokyo

SmartCut

GeOI

hole mobility

for 50 nm Ge

Preliminary data

Carrier mobility vs Carrier concentration in 50 nm thick Ge on insulator

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 32

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Downscaling

httpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=v2gDMj42sIM

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 33

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optoelectronic properties of semiconductors

Douglas J Paul Semicond Sci Technol 19 R75-R108 (2004)

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 34

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optoelectronic properties of semiconductors

IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTRON DEVICES VOL 55 NO 1 JANUARY 2008

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 35

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optical properties of semiconductors

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 36

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optical properties of semiconductors

(a) Direct-bandgap semiconductors such as GaAs InP and GaN (b) An indirect-bandgap semiconductor such as silicon or germanium

kne0 k=0

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 37

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optical properties of semiconductors

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 38

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optical properties of semiconductors

Jia-Zhi Chen et al Opt Mater Express 4 1178-1185 (2014)

Direct bandgap energies of unstrained Ge1minus xSnx alloys (a) and calculated band edges of the

various bands for pseudomorphic Ge1minus xSnx alloys on Ge as a function of Sn composition

Ge with direct bandgap

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 39

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optical properties of semiconductors

Schematic of the effect of quantum confinement on the electronic structure of a semiconductor The arrows indicate the lowest energy absorption transition (a) Bulk semiconductor CB = conduction band VB = valence band) (b) Three lowest electron (Enle ) and hole (Enlh ) energy levels in a quantum dot The corresponding wave functions are represented by dashed lines (c) Semiconductor nanocrystal (quantum dot)

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 40

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optical properties of semiconductors

(a) Three lowest electron (Enle ) and hole (Enlh ) energy levels in a semiconductor nanocrystal quantum dot The corresponding wave functions are represented by the dashed lines Allowed optical transitions are given by the arrows (b) Assignment of the transitions in the absorption spectrum of colloidal CdTe quantum dots

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 41

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optical properties of semiconductors

Eg= band gap energy of bulk semiconductor

R = radius of quantum dot

me= effective mass of excited electron

mh= effective mass of excited hole

h = Planckrsquos constant

Energy of photons emitted by QDs

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 42

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optical properties of semiconductors

Eg= band gap energy of bulk semiconductor

R = radius of quantum dot

me= effective mass of excited electron

mh= effective mass of excited hole

h = Planckrsquos constant

Energy of photons emitted by QDs

CdS QD

1 Experimental data

2 calculation

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 43

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optical properties of semiconductors

Eg= band gap energy of bulk semiconductor

R = radius of quantum dot

me= effective mass of excited electron

mh= effective mass of excited hole

h = Planckrsquos constant

Energy of photons emitted by QDs

Advanced Biomedical Engineering book edited by Gaetano D Gargiulo Co-editor Alistair McEwan ISBN 978-953-307-555-6

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 44

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optical properties of semiconductors

Schematic representation of the quantum

confinement effect on the energy level structure of

a semiconductor material

Celso de Mello Donegaacute Chem Soc Rev 40 1512-1546 (2011)

119886119887 = 120634119898

120699119886119887

ab =0053 nm ndash dielectric constant

m ndash electron mass

m ndash effective electron mass

Bohr radius for semiconductors

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 45

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Questions

Page 4: Fundamentals of Nanoelectronics: Basic Concepts

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 4

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Introduction

NEAR-TERM 2013-2020 Scaling of Si CMOS - Implementation of fully depleted SOI

Implementation of high-mobility CMOS channel materials

httpwwwitrsnetLinks2013ITRSHome2013htm

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 5

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Introduction

From Wikipedia

SmartCut

SIMOX process

SOI

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 6

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Introduction

(Source Synopsys)

httpwwwgoogledeimgresimgurl=httpwwwtechdesignforumscompracticefiles201305tdf-snpspvff-fdsoi-3lrgjpgampimgrefurl=http wwwtechdesignforumscompractice techniquephysical-verification-design-finfet-fd-soi amph=532ampw=980amptbnid=bG2T-9aazoPmjMamptbnh=90amptbnw=166ampusg=__3fSXT57run64yrsHWP2cDxmXjfs=ampdocid=9ZIFDJ9SQcwv AMampsa=Xampved=0CEAQ9QEwBWoVChMIrqu3kfrAxwIVw7kUCh3DKQn5

Silicon wafer

httpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=ZvQMC7qL2B8

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 7

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Introduction

(Source Synopsys)

httpwwwgoogledeimgresimgurl=httpwwwtechdesignforumscompracticefiles201305tdf-snpspvff-fdsoi-3lrgjpgampimgrefurl=http wwwtechdesignforumscompractice techniquephysical-verification-design-finfet-fd-soi amph=532ampw=980amptbnid=bG2T-9aazoPmjMamptbnh=90amptbnw=166ampusg=__3fSXT57run64yrsHWP2cDxmXjfs=ampdocid=9ZIFDJ9SQcwv AMampsa=Xampved=0CEAQ9QEwBWoVChMIrqu3kfrAxwIVw7kUCh3DKQn5

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 8

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Introduction

Benefits Challanges

reduction in power consumption (~50 over 32nm)

Very restrictive design options

Faster switching speed Fin width variability and edge quality leads to variability in threshold voltage VT

Availability of strain engineering Extra manufacturing complexity and expense

The main manufacturing challenges for finFETs (above 20 nm) are - controlling the etch along the edges - uniform doping of 3D surfaces - Deposition of all the films used in the gate stack

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 9

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

The top silicon layer is typically between 50 and 90 nmthick Silicon under the channel is partially depleted of mobile charge carriers

The top silicon layer is between 5 and 20 nm thick typically frac14 of the gate length Silicon under the gate is fully depleted of mobile charge carriers There is no floating body effect

Fully depleted silicon-on-insulator FD-SOI vs PD-SOI

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 10

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

10

Benefits Challanges

Significant reduction in power consumption below 11 nm

High cost of initial wafers

Faster switching speed Variability in VT due to variations in the thickness of silicon thin-film

Easier standard manufacturing process No strain engineering possible

Availability of back-biasing to control VT

No doping variability

Fully depleted silicon-on-insulator FD-SOI (below 14 nm)

Introduction

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 11

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Introduction

NEAR-TERM 2013-2020 Scaling of Si CMOS - Implementation of fully depleted SOI

Implementation of high-mobility CMOS channel materials

LONG-TERM 2021-2028 Implementation of advanced multi-gate structuresmdash ultra-thin

body multi-gate MOSFETs

httpwwwitrsnetLinks2013ITRSHome2013htm

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 12

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Multi-gate structures

httpwwwgoogledeimgresimgurl=http3A2F2Fwwwfz-juelichde2FSharedDocs2FBilder2FPGI2FPGI-92FEN2FForschung2FNanowires2FMultigatMOSFET jpg253F __blob253Dnormalampimgrefurl=http3A2F2Fwwwfz-juelichde2Fpgi2Fpgi-92FDE2FForschung2F05-Si-Nano-MOSFET2F01-Multigate2520nanowire2F_nodehtmlamph= 336ampw=600amptbnid=4kA-VMzzxXDUlM3Aampdocid=ZqBKi7JKfbji2Mampei=OrjaVbjkF4n0ULaHjdAEamptbm=ischampiact=rcampuact=3ampdur=2146amppage=1ampstart=0ampndsp=30ampved=0CHQQrQMw GmoVChMIuOnjrIrBxwIVCToUCh22QwNK

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 13

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

httpwwwsecgovArchivesedgardata937966000119312514331751g784347page_012jpg

Multi-gate structures

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 14

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Hybrid 1D and 3D nanostructures

AFM topography of annealed and etched

sample

Room temperature semi-logarithmic I-V

characteristic of n-InAsp-Si heterojunction

Prucnal et al Nanolett 11 2814 (2011)

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 15

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

InAs

Hybrid 1D and 3D nanostructures

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 16

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Hybrid 1D and 3D nanostructures

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 17

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

GeOI for junctionless transistors

00 05 10 15 2010

-11

10-10

10-9

10-8

50x50x3000 nm

H x W x L

Cu

rre

nt (A

)

Voltage (V)

100 nm Ge

50 nm Ge

100x100x3000 nm

H x W x L

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 18

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Electronic transport

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 19

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

length scale transistor density

1 mm = 1m1000

1 mm = 1mm1000

1 nm = 1mm1000 Atomic distance lt 1 nm

1985 rarr 10 mm channel length

2010 rarr lt 100 nm

2015 rarr lt 20 nm

For the channel length of 10 mm size

of transisotr is 100 mm

3 cm

3 c

m

300

300

105

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 20

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

length scale transistor density

1 mm = 1m1000

1 mm = 1mm1000

1 nm = 1mm1000 Atomic distance lt 1 nm

1985 rarr 10 mm channel length

2010 rarr lt 100 nm

2015 rarr lt 20 nm

For the channel length of 100 nm size

of transisotr is 1 mm

3 cm

3 c

m

30000

30000

109

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 21

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

length scale transistor density

1 mm = 1m1000

1 mm = 1mm1000

1 nm = 1mm1000 Atomic distance lt 1 nm

1985 rarr 10 mm channel length

2010 rarr lt 100 nm

2015 rarr lt 20 nm

For the channel length of 20 nm size

of transisotr is 200 nm

3 cm

3 c

m

150000

15

00

00

109 times 25

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 22

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

length scaleelectronic transport

1 mm = 1m1000

1 mm = 1mm1000

1 nm = 1mm1000 Atomic distance lt 1 nm

S D Channel

Vo I

119933

119920=R

R determines OnOff state and is controlled by 3rd terminal

- + 1985 rarr 10 mm

2010 rarr lt 100 nm

2015 rarr lt 20 nm

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 23

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

length scaleelectronic transport

1 mm = 1m1000

1 mm = 1mm1000

1 nm = 1mm1000 Atomic distance lt 1 nm

1985 rarr 10 mm

2010 rarr lt 100 nm

2015 rarr lt 20 nm

S D

Channel

Vo I

e

e

- +

Diffusive transport

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 24

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

length scaleelectronic transport

1 mm = 1m1000

1 mm = 1mm1000

1 nm = 1mm1000 Atomic distance lt 1 nm

1985 rarr 10 mm

2010 rarr lt 100 nm

2015 rarr lt 20 nm

S D

Channel

Vo I

e

e

- +

Ballistic transport

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 25

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

length scale Ohms law

S D Channel

Vo I

R=r119923

119912 Lrarr 120782119929 rarr 120782119929 =

119945

119954120784=25kWfor ballistic transport

119933

119920=R

- +

~mm ~nm

S D Channel

L W

Vo I + -

119933

119920=R=

120646

119934119923 119933

119920=R=

120646

119934(119923 +119950119942119938119951119943119955119942119942119953119938119957119945)

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 26

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

length scale Ohms law

G Jo et al J Appl Phys 102 084508 (2007)

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 27

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Mobility

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 28

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

length scale mobility

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 29

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

length scale mobility

F Gaacutemiz 2004 Semicond Sci Technol 19 113

Ballistic transport

Diffusive transport

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 30

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

length scale mobility

Patrick S Goley and Mantu K Hudait Materials 2014 7(3) 2301-2339

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 31

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

GeOI for junctionless transistors

Xiao Yu et all ECS Solid State Lett 4 P15 (2015)

1014

1015

1019

0

100

200

300

400

500 Electron mobility

for 50 nm Ge

Mobili

ty c

m2V

s

Carrier concentration (cm-3)

SmartCut

GeOI

Epi-Ge

University of Tokyo PECVD+FLA

HZDR

20x1018

40x1018

60x1018

80x1018

10x1019

0

25

50

75

100

125

150

175

200

Carrier concentration (cm-3)

Mo

bili

ty c

m2V

s

PECVD+FLA

HZDREpi-Ge

University of Tokyo

SmartCut

GeOI

hole mobility

for 50 nm Ge

Preliminary data

Carrier mobility vs Carrier concentration in 50 nm thick Ge on insulator

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 32

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Downscaling

httpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=v2gDMj42sIM

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 33

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optoelectronic properties of semiconductors

Douglas J Paul Semicond Sci Technol 19 R75-R108 (2004)

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 34

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optoelectronic properties of semiconductors

IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTRON DEVICES VOL 55 NO 1 JANUARY 2008

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 35

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optical properties of semiconductors

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 36

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optical properties of semiconductors

(a) Direct-bandgap semiconductors such as GaAs InP and GaN (b) An indirect-bandgap semiconductor such as silicon or germanium

kne0 k=0

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 37

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optical properties of semiconductors

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 38

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optical properties of semiconductors

Jia-Zhi Chen et al Opt Mater Express 4 1178-1185 (2014)

Direct bandgap energies of unstrained Ge1minus xSnx alloys (a) and calculated band edges of the

various bands for pseudomorphic Ge1minus xSnx alloys on Ge as a function of Sn composition

Ge with direct bandgap

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 39

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optical properties of semiconductors

Schematic of the effect of quantum confinement on the electronic structure of a semiconductor The arrows indicate the lowest energy absorption transition (a) Bulk semiconductor CB = conduction band VB = valence band) (b) Three lowest electron (Enle ) and hole (Enlh ) energy levels in a quantum dot The corresponding wave functions are represented by dashed lines (c) Semiconductor nanocrystal (quantum dot)

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 40

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optical properties of semiconductors

(a) Three lowest electron (Enle ) and hole (Enlh ) energy levels in a semiconductor nanocrystal quantum dot The corresponding wave functions are represented by the dashed lines Allowed optical transitions are given by the arrows (b) Assignment of the transitions in the absorption spectrum of colloidal CdTe quantum dots

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 41

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optical properties of semiconductors

Eg= band gap energy of bulk semiconductor

R = radius of quantum dot

me= effective mass of excited electron

mh= effective mass of excited hole

h = Planckrsquos constant

Energy of photons emitted by QDs

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 42

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optical properties of semiconductors

Eg= band gap energy of bulk semiconductor

R = radius of quantum dot

me= effective mass of excited electron

mh= effective mass of excited hole

h = Planckrsquos constant

Energy of photons emitted by QDs

CdS QD

1 Experimental data

2 calculation

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 43

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optical properties of semiconductors

Eg= band gap energy of bulk semiconductor

R = radius of quantum dot

me= effective mass of excited electron

mh= effective mass of excited hole

h = Planckrsquos constant

Energy of photons emitted by QDs

Advanced Biomedical Engineering book edited by Gaetano D Gargiulo Co-editor Alistair McEwan ISBN 978-953-307-555-6

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 44

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optical properties of semiconductors

Schematic representation of the quantum

confinement effect on the energy level structure of

a semiconductor material

Celso de Mello Donegaacute Chem Soc Rev 40 1512-1546 (2011)

119886119887 = 120634119898

120699119886119887

ab =0053 nm ndash dielectric constant

m ndash electron mass

m ndash effective electron mass

Bohr radius for semiconductors

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 45

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Questions

Page 5: Fundamentals of Nanoelectronics: Basic Concepts

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 5

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Introduction

From Wikipedia

SmartCut

SIMOX process

SOI

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 6

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Introduction

(Source Synopsys)

httpwwwgoogledeimgresimgurl=httpwwwtechdesignforumscompracticefiles201305tdf-snpspvff-fdsoi-3lrgjpgampimgrefurl=http wwwtechdesignforumscompractice techniquephysical-verification-design-finfet-fd-soi amph=532ampw=980amptbnid=bG2T-9aazoPmjMamptbnh=90amptbnw=166ampusg=__3fSXT57run64yrsHWP2cDxmXjfs=ampdocid=9ZIFDJ9SQcwv AMampsa=Xampved=0CEAQ9QEwBWoVChMIrqu3kfrAxwIVw7kUCh3DKQn5

Silicon wafer

httpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=ZvQMC7qL2B8

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 7

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Introduction

(Source Synopsys)

httpwwwgoogledeimgresimgurl=httpwwwtechdesignforumscompracticefiles201305tdf-snpspvff-fdsoi-3lrgjpgampimgrefurl=http wwwtechdesignforumscompractice techniquephysical-verification-design-finfet-fd-soi amph=532ampw=980amptbnid=bG2T-9aazoPmjMamptbnh=90amptbnw=166ampusg=__3fSXT57run64yrsHWP2cDxmXjfs=ampdocid=9ZIFDJ9SQcwv AMampsa=Xampved=0CEAQ9QEwBWoVChMIrqu3kfrAxwIVw7kUCh3DKQn5

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 8

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Introduction

Benefits Challanges

reduction in power consumption (~50 over 32nm)

Very restrictive design options

Faster switching speed Fin width variability and edge quality leads to variability in threshold voltage VT

Availability of strain engineering Extra manufacturing complexity and expense

The main manufacturing challenges for finFETs (above 20 nm) are - controlling the etch along the edges - uniform doping of 3D surfaces - Deposition of all the films used in the gate stack

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 9

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

The top silicon layer is typically between 50 and 90 nmthick Silicon under the channel is partially depleted of mobile charge carriers

The top silicon layer is between 5 and 20 nm thick typically frac14 of the gate length Silicon under the gate is fully depleted of mobile charge carriers There is no floating body effect

Fully depleted silicon-on-insulator FD-SOI vs PD-SOI

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 10

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

10

Benefits Challanges

Significant reduction in power consumption below 11 nm

High cost of initial wafers

Faster switching speed Variability in VT due to variations in the thickness of silicon thin-film

Easier standard manufacturing process No strain engineering possible

Availability of back-biasing to control VT

No doping variability

Fully depleted silicon-on-insulator FD-SOI (below 14 nm)

Introduction

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 11

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Introduction

NEAR-TERM 2013-2020 Scaling of Si CMOS - Implementation of fully depleted SOI

Implementation of high-mobility CMOS channel materials

LONG-TERM 2021-2028 Implementation of advanced multi-gate structuresmdash ultra-thin

body multi-gate MOSFETs

httpwwwitrsnetLinks2013ITRSHome2013htm

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 12

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Multi-gate structures

httpwwwgoogledeimgresimgurl=http3A2F2Fwwwfz-juelichde2FSharedDocs2FBilder2FPGI2FPGI-92FEN2FForschung2FNanowires2FMultigatMOSFET jpg253F __blob253Dnormalampimgrefurl=http3A2F2Fwwwfz-juelichde2Fpgi2Fpgi-92FDE2FForschung2F05-Si-Nano-MOSFET2F01-Multigate2520nanowire2F_nodehtmlamph= 336ampw=600amptbnid=4kA-VMzzxXDUlM3Aampdocid=ZqBKi7JKfbji2Mampei=OrjaVbjkF4n0ULaHjdAEamptbm=ischampiact=rcampuact=3ampdur=2146amppage=1ampstart=0ampndsp=30ampved=0CHQQrQMw GmoVChMIuOnjrIrBxwIVCToUCh22QwNK

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 13

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

httpwwwsecgovArchivesedgardata937966000119312514331751g784347page_012jpg

Multi-gate structures

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 14

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Hybrid 1D and 3D nanostructures

AFM topography of annealed and etched

sample

Room temperature semi-logarithmic I-V

characteristic of n-InAsp-Si heterojunction

Prucnal et al Nanolett 11 2814 (2011)

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 15

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

InAs

Hybrid 1D and 3D nanostructures

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 16

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Hybrid 1D and 3D nanostructures

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 17

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

GeOI for junctionless transistors

00 05 10 15 2010

-11

10-10

10-9

10-8

50x50x3000 nm

H x W x L

Cu

rre

nt (A

)

Voltage (V)

100 nm Ge

50 nm Ge

100x100x3000 nm

H x W x L

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 18

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Electronic transport

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 19

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

length scale transistor density

1 mm = 1m1000

1 mm = 1mm1000

1 nm = 1mm1000 Atomic distance lt 1 nm

1985 rarr 10 mm channel length

2010 rarr lt 100 nm

2015 rarr lt 20 nm

For the channel length of 10 mm size

of transisotr is 100 mm

3 cm

3 c

m

300

300

105

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 20

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

length scale transistor density

1 mm = 1m1000

1 mm = 1mm1000

1 nm = 1mm1000 Atomic distance lt 1 nm

1985 rarr 10 mm channel length

2010 rarr lt 100 nm

2015 rarr lt 20 nm

For the channel length of 100 nm size

of transisotr is 1 mm

3 cm

3 c

m

30000

30000

109

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 21

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

length scale transistor density

1 mm = 1m1000

1 mm = 1mm1000

1 nm = 1mm1000 Atomic distance lt 1 nm

1985 rarr 10 mm channel length

2010 rarr lt 100 nm

2015 rarr lt 20 nm

For the channel length of 20 nm size

of transisotr is 200 nm

3 cm

3 c

m

150000

15

00

00

109 times 25

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 22

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

length scaleelectronic transport

1 mm = 1m1000

1 mm = 1mm1000

1 nm = 1mm1000 Atomic distance lt 1 nm

S D Channel

Vo I

119933

119920=R

R determines OnOff state and is controlled by 3rd terminal

- + 1985 rarr 10 mm

2010 rarr lt 100 nm

2015 rarr lt 20 nm

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 23

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

length scaleelectronic transport

1 mm = 1m1000

1 mm = 1mm1000

1 nm = 1mm1000 Atomic distance lt 1 nm

1985 rarr 10 mm

2010 rarr lt 100 nm

2015 rarr lt 20 nm

S D

Channel

Vo I

e

e

- +

Diffusive transport

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 24

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

length scaleelectronic transport

1 mm = 1m1000

1 mm = 1mm1000

1 nm = 1mm1000 Atomic distance lt 1 nm

1985 rarr 10 mm

2010 rarr lt 100 nm

2015 rarr lt 20 nm

S D

Channel

Vo I

e

e

- +

Ballistic transport

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 25

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

length scale Ohms law

S D Channel

Vo I

R=r119923

119912 Lrarr 120782119929 rarr 120782119929 =

119945

119954120784=25kWfor ballistic transport

119933

119920=R

- +

~mm ~nm

S D Channel

L W

Vo I + -

119933

119920=R=

120646

119934119923 119933

119920=R=

120646

119934(119923 +119950119942119938119951119943119955119942119942119953119938119957119945)

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 26

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

length scale Ohms law

G Jo et al J Appl Phys 102 084508 (2007)

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 27

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Mobility

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 28

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

length scale mobility

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 29

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

length scale mobility

F Gaacutemiz 2004 Semicond Sci Technol 19 113

Ballistic transport

Diffusive transport

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 30

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

length scale mobility

Patrick S Goley and Mantu K Hudait Materials 2014 7(3) 2301-2339

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 31

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

GeOI for junctionless transistors

Xiao Yu et all ECS Solid State Lett 4 P15 (2015)

1014

1015

1019

0

100

200

300

400

500 Electron mobility

for 50 nm Ge

Mobili

ty c

m2V

s

Carrier concentration (cm-3)

SmartCut

GeOI

Epi-Ge

University of Tokyo PECVD+FLA

HZDR

20x1018

40x1018

60x1018

80x1018

10x1019

0

25

50

75

100

125

150

175

200

Carrier concentration (cm-3)

Mo

bili

ty c

m2V

s

PECVD+FLA

HZDREpi-Ge

University of Tokyo

SmartCut

GeOI

hole mobility

for 50 nm Ge

Preliminary data

Carrier mobility vs Carrier concentration in 50 nm thick Ge on insulator

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 32

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Downscaling

httpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=v2gDMj42sIM

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 33

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optoelectronic properties of semiconductors

Douglas J Paul Semicond Sci Technol 19 R75-R108 (2004)

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 34

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optoelectronic properties of semiconductors

IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTRON DEVICES VOL 55 NO 1 JANUARY 2008

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 35

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optical properties of semiconductors

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 36

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optical properties of semiconductors

(a) Direct-bandgap semiconductors such as GaAs InP and GaN (b) An indirect-bandgap semiconductor such as silicon or germanium

kne0 k=0

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 37

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optical properties of semiconductors

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 38

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optical properties of semiconductors

Jia-Zhi Chen et al Opt Mater Express 4 1178-1185 (2014)

Direct bandgap energies of unstrained Ge1minus xSnx alloys (a) and calculated band edges of the

various bands for pseudomorphic Ge1minus xSnx alloys on Ge as a function of Sn composition

Ge with direct bandgap

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 39

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optical properties of semiconductors

Schematic of the effect of quantum confinement on the electronic structure of a semiconductor The arrows indicate the lowest energy absorption transition (a) Bulk semiconductor CB = conduction band VB = valence band) (b) Three lowest electron (Enle ) and hole (Enlh ) energy levels in a quantum dot The corresponding wave functions are represented by dashed lines (c) Semiconductor nanocrystal (quantum dot)

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 40

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optical properties of semiconductors

(a) Three lowest electron (Enle ) and hole (Enlh ) energy levels in a semiconductor nanocrystal quantum dot The corresponding wave functions are represented by the dashed lines Allowed optical transitions are given by the arrows (b) Assignment of the transitions in the absorption spectrum of colloidal CdTe quantum dots

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 41

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optical properties of semiconductors

Eg= band gap energy of bulk semiconductor

R = radius of quantum dot

me= effective mass of excited electron

mh= effective mass of excited hole

h = Planckrsquos constant

Energy of photons emitted by QDs

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 42

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optical properties of semiconductors

Eg= band gap energy of bulk semiconductor

R = radius of quantum dot

me= effective mass of excited electron

mh= effective mass of excited hole

h = Planckrsquos constant

Energy of photons emitted by QDs

CdS QD

1 Experimental data

2 calculation

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 43

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optical properties of semiconductors

Eg= band gap energy of bulk semiconductor

R = radius of quantum dot

me= effective mass of excited electron

mh= effective mass of excited hole

h = Planckrsquos constant

Energy of photons emitted by QDs

Advanced Biomedical Engineering book edited by Gaetano D Gargiulo Co-editor Alistair McEwan ISBN 978-953-307-555-6

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 44

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optical properties of semiconductors

Schematic representation of the quantum

confinement effect on the energy level structure of

a semiconductor material

Celso de Mello Donegaacute Chem Soc Rev 40 1512-1546 (2011)

119886119887 = 120634119898

120699119886119887

ab =0053 nm ndash dielectric constant

m ndash electron mass

m ndash effective electron mass

Bohr radius for semiconductors

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 45

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Questions

Page 6: Fundamentals of Nanoelectronics: Basic Concepts

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 6

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Introduction

(Source Synopsys)

httpwwwgoogledeimgresimgurl=httpwwwtechdesignforumscompracticefiles201305tdf-snpspvff-fdsoi-3lrgjpgampimgrefurl=http wwwtechdesignforumscompractice techniquephysical-verification-design-finfet-fd-soi amph=532ampw=980amptbnid=bG2T-9aazoPmjMamptbnh=90amptbnw=166ampusg=__3fSXT57run64yrsHWP2cDxmXjfs=ampdocid=9ZIFDJ9SQcwv AMampsa=Xampved=0CEAQ9QEwBWoVChMIrqu3kfrAxwIVw7kUCh3DKQn5

Silicon wafer

httpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=ZvQMC7qL2B8

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 7

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Introduction

(Source Synopsys)

httpwwwgoogledeimgresimgurl=httpwwwtechdesignforumscompracticefiles201305tdf-snpspvff-fdsoi-3lrgjpgampimgrefurl=http wwwtechdesignforumscompractice techniquephysical-verification-design-finfet-fd-soi amph=532ampw=980amptbnid=bG2T-9aazoPmjMamptbnh=90amptbnw=166ampusg=__3fSXT57run64yrsHWP2cDxmXjfs=ampdocid=9ZIFDJ9SQcwv AMampsa=Xampved=0CEAQ9QEwBWoVChMIrqu3kfrAxwIVw7kUCh3DKQn5

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 8

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Introduction

Benefits Challanges

reduction in power consumption (~50 over 32nm)

Very restrictive design options

Faster switching speed Fin width variability and edge quality leads to variability in threshold voltage VT

Availability of strain engineering Extra manufacturing complexity and expense

The main manufacturing challenges for finFETs (above 20 nm) are - controlling the etch along the edges - uniform doping of 3D surfaces - Deposition of all the films used in the gate stack

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 9

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

The top silicon layer is typically between 50 and 90 nmthick Silicon under the channel is partially depleted of mobile charge carriers

The top silicon layer is between 5 and 20 nm thick typically frac14 of the gate length Silicon under the gate is fully depleted of mobile charge carriers There is no floating body effect

Fully depleted silicon-on-insulator FD-SOI vs PD-SOI

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 10

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

10

Benefits Challanges

Significant reduction in power consumption below 11 nm

High cost of initial wafers

Faster switching speed Variability in VT due to variations in the thickness of silicon thin-film

Easier standard manufacturing process No strain engineering possible

Availability of back-biasing to control VT

No doping variability

Fully depleted silicon-on-insulator FD-SOI (below 14 nm)

Introduction

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 11

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Introduction

NEAR-TERM 2013-2020 Scaling of Si CMOS - Implementation of fully depleted SOI

Implementation of high-mobility CMOS channel materials

LONG-TERM 2021-2028 Implementation of advanced multi-gate structuresmdash ultra-thin

body multi-gate MOSFETs

httpwwwitrsnetLinks2013ITRSHome2013htm

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 12

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Multi-gate structures

httpwwwgoogledeimgresimgurl=http3A2F2Fwwwfz-juelichde2FSharedDocs2FBilder2FPGI2FPGI-92FEN2FForschung2FNanowires2FMultigatMOSFET jpg253F __blob253Dnormalampimgrefurl=http3A2F2Fwwwfz-juelichde2Fpgi2Fpgi-92FDE2FForschung2F05-Si-Nano-MOSFET2F01-Multigate2520nanowire2F_nodehtmlamph= 336ampw=600amptbnid=4kA-VMzzxXDUlM3Aampdocid=ZqBKi7JKfbji2Mampei=OrjaVbjkF4n0ULaHjdAEamptbm=ischampiact=rcampuact=3ampdur=2146amppage=1ampstart=0ampndsp=30ampved=0CHQQrQMw GmoVChMIuOnjrIrBxwIVCToUCh22QwNK

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 13

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

httpwwwsecgovArchivesedgardata937966000119312514331751g784347page_012jpg

Multi-gate structures

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 14

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Hybrid 1D and 3D nanostructures

AFM topography of annealed and etched

sample

Room temperature semi-logarithmic I-V

characteristic of n-InAsp-Si heterojunction

Prucnal et al Nanolett 11 2814 (2011)

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 15

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

InAs

Hybrid 1D and 3D nanostructures

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 16

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Hybrid 1D and 3D nanostructures

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 17

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

GeOI for junctionless transistors

00 05 10 15 2010

-11

10-10

10-9

10-8

50x50x3000 nm

H x W x L

Cu

rre

nt (A

)

Voltage (V)

100 nm Ge

50 nm Ge

100x100x3000 nm

H x W x L

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 18

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Electronic transport

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 19

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

length scale transistor density

1 mm = 1m1000

1 mm = 1mm1000

1 nm = 1mm1000 Atomic distance lt 1 nm

1985 rarr 10 mm channel length

2010 rarr lt 100 nm

2015 rarr lt 20 nm

For the channel length of 10 mm size

of transisotr is 100 mm

3 cm

3 c

m

300

300

105

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 20

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

length scale transistor density

1 mm = 1m1000

1 mm = 1mm1000

1 nm = 1mm1000 Atomic distance lt 1 nm

1985 rarr 10 mm channel length

2010 rarr lt 100 nm

2015 rarr lt 20 nm

For the channel length of 100 nm size

of transisotr is 1 mm

3 cm

3 c

m

30000

30000

109

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 21

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

length scale transistor density

1 mm = 1m1000

1 mm = 1mm1000

1 nm = 1mm1000 Atomic distance lt 1 nm

1985 rarr 10 mm channel length

2010 rarr lt 100 nm

2015 rarr lt 20 nm

For the channel length of 20 nm size

of transisotr is 200 nm

3 cm

3 c

m

150000

15

00

00

109 times 25

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 22

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

length scaleelectronic transport

1 mm = 1m1000

1 mm = 1mm1000

1 nm = 1mm1000 Atomic distance lt 1 nm

S D Channel

Vo I

119933

119920=R

R determines OnOff state and is controlled by 3rd terminal

- + 1985 rarr 10 mm

2010 rarr lt 100 nm

2015 rarr lt 20 nm

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 23

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

length scaleelectronic transport

1 mm = 1m1000

1 mm = 1mm1000

1 nm = 1mm1000 Atomic distance lt 1 nm

1985 rarr 10 mm

2010 rarr lt 100 nm

2015 rarr lt 20 nm

S D

Channel

Vo I

e

e

- +

Diffusive transport

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 24

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

length scaleelectronic transport

1 mm = 1m1000

1 mm = 1mm1000

1 nm = 1mm1000 Atomic distance lt 1 nm

1985 rarr 10 mm

2010 rarr lt 100 nm

2015 rarr lt 20 nm

S D

Channel

Vo I

e

e

- +

Ballistic transport

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 25

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

length scale Ohms law

S D Channel

Vo I

R=r119923

119912 Lrarr 120782119929 rarr 120782119929 =

119945

119954120784=25kWfor ballistic transport

119933

119920=R

- +

~mm ~nm

S D Channel

L W

Vo I + -

119933

119920=R=

120646

119934119923 119933

119920=R=

120646

119934(119923 +119950119942119938119951119943119955119942119942119953119938119957119945)

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 26

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

length scale Ohms law

G Jo et al J Appl Phys 102 084508 (2007)

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 27

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Mobility

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 28

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

length scale mobility

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 29

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

length scale mobility

F Gaacutemiz 2004 Semicond Sci Technol 19 113

Ballistic transport

Diffusive transport

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 30

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

length scale mobility

Patrick S Goley and Mantu K Hudait Materials 2014 7(3) 2301-2339

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 31

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

GeOI for junctionless transistors

Xiao Yu et all ECS Solid State Lett 4 P15 (2015)

1014

1015

1019

0

100

200

300

400

500 Electron mobility

for 50 nm Ge

Mobili

ty c

m2V

s

Carrier concentration (cm-3)

SmartCut

GeOI

Epi-Ge

University of Tokyo PECVD+FLA

HZDR

20x1018

40x1018

60x1018

80x1018

10x1019

0

25

50

75

100

125

150

175

200

Carrier concentration (cm-3)

Mo

bili

ty c

m2V

s

PECVD+FLA

HZDREpi-Ge

University of Tokyo

SmartCut

GeOI

hole mobility

for 50 nm Ge

Preliminary data

Carrier mobility vs Carrier concentration in 50 nm thick Ge on insulator

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 32

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Downscaling

httpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=v2gDMj42sIM

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 33

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optoelectronic properties of semiconductors

Douglas J Paul Semicond Sci Technol 19 R75-R108 (2004)

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 34

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optoelectronic properties of semiconductors

IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTRON DEVICES VOL 55 NO 1 JANUARY 2008

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 35

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optical properties of semiconductors

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 36

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optical properties of semiconductors

(a) Direct-bandgap semiconductors such as GaAs InP and GaN (b) An indirect-bandgap semiconductor such as silicon or germanium

kne0 k=0

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 37

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optical properties of semiconductors

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 38

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optical properties of semiconductors

Jia-Zhi Chen et al Opt Mater Express 4 1178-1185 (2014)

Direct bandgap energies of unstrained Ge1minus xSnx alloys (a) and calculated band edges of the

various bands for pseudomorphic Ge1minus xSnx alloys on Ge as a function of Sn composition

Ge with direct bandgap

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 39

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optical properties of semiconductors

Schematic of the effect of quantum confinement on the electronic structure of a semiconductor The arrows indicate the lowest energy absorption transition (a) Bulk semiconductor CB = conduction band VB = valence band) (b) Three lowest electron (Enle ) and hole (Enlh ) energy levels in a quantum dot The corresponding wave functions are represented by dashed lines (c) Semiconductor nanocrystal (quantum dot)

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 40

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optical properties of semiconductors

(a) Three lowest electron (Enle ) and hole (Enlh ) energy levels in a semiconductor nanocrystal quantum dot The corresponding wave functions are represented by the dashed lines Allowed optical transitions are given by the arrows (b) Assignment of the transitions in the absorption spectrum of colloidal CdTe quantum dots

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 41

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optical properties of semiconductors

Eg= band gap energy of bulk semiconductor

R = radius of quantum dot

me= effective mass of excited electron

mh= effective mass of excited hole

h = Planckrsquos constant

Energy of photons emitted by QDs

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 42

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optical properties of semiconductors

Eg= band gap energy of bulk semiconductor

R = radius of quantum dot

me= effective mass of excited electron

mh= effective mass of excited hole

h = Planckrsquos constant

Energy of photons emitted by QDs

CdS QD

1 Experimental data

2 calculation

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 43

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optical properties of semiconductors

Eg= band gap energy of bulk semiconductor

R = radius of quantum dot

me= effective mass of excited electron

mh= effective mass of excited hole

h = Planckrsquos constant

Energy of photons emitted by QDs

Advanced Biomedical Engineering book edited by Gaetano D Gargiulo Co-editor Alistair McEwan ISBN 978-953-307-555-6

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 44

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optical properties of semiconductors

Schematic representation of the quantum

confinement effect on the energy level structure of

a semiconductor material

Celso de Mello Donegaacute Chem Soc Rev 40 1512-1546 (2011)

119886119887 = 120634119898

120699119886119887

ab =0053 nm ndash dielectric constant

m ndash electron mass

m ndash effective electron mass

Bohr radius for semiconductors

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 45

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Questions

Page 7: Fundamentals of Nanoelectronics: Basic Concepts

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 7

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Introduction

(Source Synopsys)

httpwwwgoogledeimgresimgurl=httpwwwtechdesignforumscompracticefiles201305tdf-snpspvff-fdsoi-3lrgjpgampimgrefurl=http wwwtechdesignforumscompractice techniquephysical-verification-design-finfet-fd-soi amph=532ampw=980amptbnid=bG2T-9aazoPmjMamptbnh=90amptbnw=166ampusg=__3fSXT57run64yrsHWP2cDxmXjfs=ampdocid=9ZIFDJ9SQcwv AMampsa=Xampved=0CEAQ9QEwBWoVChMIrqu3kfrAxwIVw7kUCh3DKQn5

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 8

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Introduction

Benefits Challanges

reduction in power consumption (~50 over 32nm)

Very restrictive design options

Faster switching speed Fin width variability and edge quality leads to variability in threshold voltage VT

Availability of strain engineering Extra manufacturing complexity and expense

The main manufacturing challenges for finFETs (above 20 nm) are - controlling the etch along the edges - uniform doping of 3D surfaces - Deposition of all the films used in the gate stack

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 9

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

The top silicon layer is typically between 50 and 90 nmthick Silicon under the channel is partially depleted of mobile charge carriers

The top silicon layer is between 5 and 20 nm thick typically frac14 of the gate length Silicon under the gate is fully depleted of mobile charge carriers There is no floating body effect

Fully depleted silicon-on-insulator FD-SOI vs PD-SOI

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 10

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

10

Benefits Challanges

Significant reduction in power consumption below 11 nm

High cost of initial wafers

Faster switching speed Variability in VT due to variations in the thickness of silicon thin-film

Easier standard manufacturing process No strain engineering possible

Availability of back-biasing to control VT

No doping variability

Fully depleted silicon-on-insulator FD-SOI (below 14 nm)

Introduction

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 11

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Introduction

NEAR-TERM 2013-2020 Scaling of Si CMOS - Implementation of fully depleted SOI

Implementation of high-mobility CMOS channel materials

LONG-TERM 2021-2028 Implementation of advanced multi-gate structuresmdash ultra-thin

body multi-gate MOSFETs

httpwwwitrsnetLinks2013ITRSHome2013htm

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 12

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Multi-gate structures

httpwwwgoogledeimgresimgurl=http3A2F2Fwwwfz-juelichde2FSharedDocs2FBilder2FPGI2FPGI-92FEN2FForschung2FNanowires2FMultigatMOSFET jpg253F __blob253Dnormalampimgrefurl=http3A2F2Fwwwfz-juelichde2Fpgi2Fpgi-92FDE2FForschung2F05-Si-Nano-MOSFET2F01-Multigate2520nanowire2F_nodehtmlamph= 336ampw=600amptbnid=4kA-VMzzxXDUlM3Aampdocid=ZqBKi7JKfbji2Mampei=OrjaVbjkF4n0ULaHjdAEamptbm=ischampiact=rcampuact=3ampdur=2146amppage=1ampstart=0ampndsp=30ampved=0CHQQrQMw GmoVChMIuOnjrIrBxwIVCToUCh22QwNK

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 13

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

httpwwwsecgovArchivesedgardata937966000119312514331751g784347page_012jpg

Multi-gate structures

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 14

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Hybrid 1D and 3D nanostructures

AFM topography of annealed and etched

sample

Room temperature semi-logarithmic I-V

characteristic of n-InAsp-Si heterojunction

Prucnal et al Nanolett 11 2814 (2011)

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 15

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

InAs

Hybrid 1D and 3D nanostructures

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 16

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Hybrid 1D and 3D nanostructures

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 17

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

GeOI for junctionless transistors

00 05 10 15 2010

-11

10-10

10-9

10-8

50x50x3000 nm

H x W x L

Cu

rre

nt (A

)

Voltage (V)

100 nm Ge

50 nm Ge

100x100x3000 nm

H x W x L

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 18

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Electronic transport

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 19

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

length scale transistor density

1 mm = 1m1000

1 mm = 1mm1000

1 nm = 1mm1000 Atomic distance lt 1 nm

1985 rarr 10 mm channel length

2010 rarr lt 100 nm

2015 rarr lt 20 nm

For the channel length of 10 mm size

of transisotr is 100 mm

3 cm

3 c

m

300

300

105

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 20

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

length scale transistor density

1 mm = 1m1000

1 mm = 1mm1000

1 nm = 1mm1000 Atomic distance lt 1 nm

1985 rarr 10 mm channel length

2010 rarr lt 100 nm

2015 rarr lt 20 nm

For the channel length of 100 nm size

of transisotr is 1 mm

3 cm

3 c

m

30000

30000

109

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 21

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

length scale transistor density

1 mm = 1m1000

1 mm = 1mm1000

1 nm = 1mm1000 Atomic distance lt 1 nm

1985 rarr 10 mm channel length

2010 rarr lt 100 nm

2015 rarr lt 20 nm

For the channel length of 20 nm size

of transisotr is 200 nm

3 cm

3 c

m

150000

15

00

00

109 times 25

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 22

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

length scaleelectronic transport

1 mm = 1m1000

1 mm = 1mm1000

1 nm = 1mm1000 Atomic distance lt 1 nm

S D Channel

Vo I

119933

119920=R

R determines OnOff state and is controlled by 3rd terminal

- + 1985 rarr 10 mm

2010 rarr lt 100 nm

2015 rarr lt 20 nm

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 23

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

length scaleelectronic transport

1 mm = 1m1000

1 mm = 1mm1000

1 nm = 1mm1000 Atomic distance lt 1 nm

1985 rarr 10 mm

2010 rarr lt 100 nm

2015 rarr lt 20 nm

S D

Channel

Vo I

e

e

- +

Diffusive transport

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 24

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

length scaleelectronic transport

1 mm = 1m1000

1 mm = 1mm1000

1 nm = 1mm1000 Atomic distance lt 1 nm

1985 rarr 10 mm

2010 rarr lt 100 nm

2015 rarr lt 20 nm

S D

Channel

Vo I

e

e

- +

Ballistic transport

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 25

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

length scale Ohms law

S D Channel

Vo I

R=r119923

119912 Lrarr 120782119929 rarr 120782119929 =

119945

119954120784=25kWfor ballistic transport

119933

119920=R

- +

~mm ~nm

S D Channel

L W

Vo I + -

119933

119920=R=

120646

119934119923 119933

119920=R=

120646

119934(119923 +119950119942119938119951119943119955119942119942119953119938119957119945)

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 26

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

length scale Ohms law

G Jo et al J Appl Phys 102 084508 (2007)

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 27

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Mobility

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 28

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

length scale mobility

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 29

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

length scale mobility

F Gaacutemiz 2004 Semicond Sci Technol 19 113

Ballistic transport

Diffusive transport

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 30

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

length scale mobility

Patrick S Goley and Mantu K Hudait Materials 2014 7(3) 2301-2339

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 31

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

GeOI for junctionless transistors

Xiao Yu et all ECS Solid State Lett 4 P15 (2015)

1014

1015

1019

0

100

200

300

400

500 Electron mobility

for 50 nm Ge

Mobili

ty c

m2V

s

Carrier concentration (cm-3)

SmartCut

GeOI

Epi-Ge

University of Tokyo PECVD+FLA

HZDR

20x1018

40x1018

60x1018

80x1018

10x1019

0

25

50

75

100

125

150

175

200

Carrier concentration (cm-3)

Mo

bili

ty c

m2V

s

PECVD+FLA

HZDREpi-Ge

University of Tokyo

SmartCut

GeOI

hole mobility

for 50 nm Ge

Preliminary data

Carrier mobility vs Carrier concentration in 50 nm thick Ge on insulator

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 32

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Downscaling

httpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=v2gDMj42sIM

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 33

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optoelectronic properties of semiconductors

Douglas J Paul Semicond Sci Technol 19 R75-R108 (2004)

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 34

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optoelectronic properties of semiconductors

IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTRON DEVICES VOL 55 NO 1 JANUARY 2008

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 35

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optical properties of semiconductors

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 36

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optical properties of semiconductors

(a) Direct-bandgap semiconductors such as GaAs InP and GaN (b) An indirect-bandgap semiconductor such as silicon or germanium

kne0 k=0

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 37

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optical properties of semiconductors

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 38

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optical properties of semiconductors

Jia-Zhi Chen et al Opt Mater Express 4 1178-1185 (2014)

Direct bandgap energies of unstrained Ge1minus xSnx alloys (a) and calculated band edges of the

various bands for pseudomorphic Ge1minus xSnx alloys on Ge as a function of Sn composition

Ge with direct bandgap

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 39

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optical properties of semiconductors

Schematic of the effect of quantum confinement on the electronic structure of a semiconductor The arrows indicate the lowest energy absorption transition (a) Bulk semiconductor CB = conduction band VB = valence band) (b) Three lowest electron (Enle ) and hole (Enlh ) energy levels in a quantum dot The corresponding wave functions are represented by dashed lines (c) Semiconductor nanocrystal (quantum dot)

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 40

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optical properties of semiconductors

(a) Three lowest electron (Enle ) and hole (Enlh ) energy levels in a semiconductor nanocrystal quantum dot The corresponding wave functions are represented by the dashed lines Allowed optical transitions are given by the arrows (b) Assignment of the transitions in the absorption spectrum of colloidal CdTe quantum dots

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 41

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optical properties of semiconductors

Eg= band gap energy of bulk semiconductor

R = radius of quantum dot

me= effective mass of excited electron

mh= effective mass of excited hole

h = Planckrsquos constant

Energy of photons emitted by QDs

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 42

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optical properties of semiconductors

Eg= band gap energy of bulk semiconductor

R = radius of quantum dot

me= effective mass of excited electron

mh= effective mass of excited hole

h = Planckrsquos constant

Energy of photons emitted by QDs

CdS QD

1 Experimental data

2 calculation

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 43

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optical properties of semiconductors

Eg= band gap energy of bulk semiconductor

R = radius of quantum dot

me= effective mass of excited electron

mh= effective mass of excited hole

h = Planckrsquos constant

Energy of photons emitted by QDs

Advanced Biomedical Engineering book edited by Gaetano D Gargiulo Co-editor Alistair McEwan ISBN 978-953-307-555-6

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 44

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optical properties of semiconductors

Schematic representation of the quantum

confinement effect on the energy level structure of

a semiconductor material

Celso de Mello Donegaacute Chem Soc Rev 40 1512-1546 (2011)

119886119887 = 120634119898

120699119886119887

ab =0053 nm ndash dielectric constant

m ndash electron mass

m ndash effective electron mass

Bohr radius for semiconductors

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 45

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Questions

Page 8: Fundamentals of Nanoelectronics: Basic Concepts

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 8

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Introduction

Benefits Challanges

reduction in power consumption (~50 over 32nm)

Very restrictive design options

Faster switching speed Fin width variability and edge quality leads to variability in threshold voltage VT

Availability of strain engineering Extra manufacturing complexity and expense

The main manufacturing challenges for finFETs (above 20 nm) are - controlling the etch along the edges - uniform doping of 3D surfaces - Deposition of all the films used in the gate stack

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 9

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

The top silicon layer is typically between 50 and 90 nmthick Silicon under the channel is partially depleted of mobile charge carriers

The top silicon layer is between 5 and 20 nm thick typically frac14 of the gate length Silicon under the gate is fully depleted of mobile charge carriers There is no floating body effect

Fully depleted silicon-on-insulator FD-SOI vs PD-SOI

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 10

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

10

Benefits Challanges

Significant reduction in power consumption below 11 nm

High cost of initial wafers

Faster switching speed Variability in VT due to variations in the thickness of silicon thin-film

Easier standard manufacturing process No strain engineering possible

Availability of back-biasing to control VT

No doping variability

Fully depleted silicon-on-insulator FD-SOI (below 14 nm)

Introduction

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 11

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Introduction

NEAR-TERM 2013-2020 Scaling of Si CMOS - Implementation of fully depleted SOI

Implementation of high-mobility CMOS channel materials

LONG-TERM 2021-2028 Implementation of advanced multi-gate structuresmdash ultra-thin

body multi-gate MOSFETs

httpwwwitrsnetLinks2013ITRSHome2013htm

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 12

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Multi-gate structures

httpwwwgoogledeimgresimgurl=http3A2F2Fwwwfz-juelichde2FSharedDocs2FBilder2FPGI2FPGI-92FEN2FForschung2FNanowires2FMultigatMOSFET jpg253F __blob253Dnormalampimgrefurl=http3A2F2Fwwwfz-juelichde2Fpgi2Fpgi-92FDE2FForschung2F05-Si-Nano-MOSFET2F01-Multigate2520nanowire2F_nodehtmlamph= 336ampw=600amptbnid=4kA-VMzzxXDUlM3Aampdocid=ZqBKi7JKfbji2Mampei=OrjaVbjkF4n0ULaHjdAEamptbm=ischampiact=rcampuact=3ampdur=2146amppage=1ampstart=0ampndsp=30ampved=0CHQQrQMw GmoVChMIuOnjrIrBxwIVCToUCh22QwNK

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 13

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

httpwwwsecgovArchivesedgardata937966000119312514331751g784347page_012jpg

Multi-gate structures

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 14

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Hybrid 1D and 3D nanostructures

AFM topography of annealed and etched

sample

Room temperature semi-logarithmic I-V

characteristic of n-InAsp-Si heterojunction

Prucnal et al Nanolett 11 2814 (2011)

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 15

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

InAs

Hybrid 1D and 3D nanostructures

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 16

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Hybrid 1D and 3D nanostructures

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 17

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

GeOI for junctionless transistors

00 05 10 15 2010

-11

10-10

10-9

10-8

50x50x3000 nm

H x W x L

Cu

rre

nt (A

)

Voltage (V)

100 nm Ge

50 nm Ge

100x100x3000 nm

H x W x L

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 18

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Electronic transport

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 19

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

length scale transistor density

1 mm = 1m1000

1 mm = 1mm1000

1 nm = 1mm1000 Atomic distance lt 1 nm

1985 rarr 10 mm channel length

2010 rarr lt 100 nm

2015 rarr lt 20 nm

For the channel length of 10 mm size

of transisotr is 100 mm

3 cm

3 c

m

300

300

105

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 20

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

length scale transistor density

1 mm = 1m1000

1 mm = 1mm1000

1 nm = 1mm1000 Atomic distance lt 1 nm

1985 rarr 10 mm channel length

2010 rarr lt 100 nm

2015 rarr lt 20 nm

For the channel length of 100 nm size

of transisotr is 1 mm

3 cm

3 c

m

30000

30000

109

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 21

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

length scale transistor density

1 mm = 1m1000

1 mm = 1mm1000

1 nm = 1mm1000 Atomic distance lt 1 nm

1985 rarr 10 mm channel length

2010 rarr lt 100 nm

2015 rarr lt 20 nm

For the channel length of 20 nm size

of transisotr is 200 nm

3 cm

3 c

m

150000

15

00

00

109 times 25

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 22

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

length scaleelectronic transport

1 mm = 1m1000

1 mm = 1mm1000

1 nm = 1mm1000 Atomic distance lt 1 nm

S D Channel

Vo I

119933

119920=R

R determines OnOff state and is controlled by 3rd terminal

- + 1985 rarr 10 mm

2010 rarr lt 100 nm

2015 rarr lt 20 nm

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 23

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

length scaleelectronic transport

1 mm = 1m1000

1 mm = 1mm1000

1 nm = 1mm1000 Atomic distance lt 1 nm

1985 rarr 10 mm

2010 rarr lt 100 nm

2015 rarr lt 20 nm

S D

Channel

Vo I

e

e

- +

Diffusive transport

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 24

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

length scaleelectronic transport

1 mm = 1m1000

1 mm = 1mm1000

1 nm = 1mm1000 Atomic distance lt 1 nm

1985 rarr 10 mm

2010 rarr lt 100 nm

2015 rarr lt 20 nm

S D

Channel

Vo I

e

e

- +

Ballistic transport

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 25

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

length scale Ohms law

S D Channel

Vo I

R=r119923

119912 Lrarr 120782119929 rarr 120782119929 =

119945

119954120784=25kWfor ballistic transport

119933

119920=R

- +

~mm ~nm

S D Channel

L W

Vo I + -

119933

119920=R=

120646

119934119923 119933

119920=R=

120646

119934(119923 +119950119942119938119951119943119955119942119942119953119938119957119945)

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 26

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

length scale Ohms law

G Jo et al J Appl Phys 102 084508 (2007)

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 27

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Mobility

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 28

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

length scale mobility

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 29

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

length scale mobility

F Gaacutemiz 2004 Semicond Sci Technol 19 113

Ballistic transport

Diffusive transport

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 30

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

length scale mobility

Patrick S Goley and Mantu K Hudait Materials 2014 7(3) 2301-2339

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 31

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

GeOI for junctionless transistors

Xiao Yu et all ECS Solid State Lett 4 P15 (2015)

1014

1015

1019

0

100

200

300

400

500 Electron mobility

for 50 nm Ge

Mobili

ty c

m2V

s

Carrier concentration (cm-3)

SmartCut

GeOI

Epi-Ge

University of Tokyo PECVD+FLA

HZDR

20x1018

40x1018

60x1018

80x1018

10x1019

0

25

50

75

100

125

150

175

200

Carrier concentration (cm-3)

Mo

bili

ty c

m2V

s

PECVD+FLA

HZDREpi-Ge

University of Tokyo

SmartCut

GeOI

hole mobility

for 50 nm Ge

Preliminary data

Carrier mobility vs Carrier concentration in 50 nm thick Ge on insulator

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 32

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Downscaling

httpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=v2gDMj42sIM

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 33

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optoelectronic properties of semiconductors

Douglas J Paul Semicond Sci Technol 19 R75-R108 (2004)

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 34

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optoelectronic properties of semiconductors

IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTRON DEVICES VOL 55 NO 1 JANUARY 2008

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 35

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optical properties of semiconductors

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 36

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optical properties of semiconductors

(a) Direct-bandgap semiconductors such as GaAs InP and GaN (b) An indirect-bandgap semiconductor such as silicon or germanium

kne0 k=0

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 37

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optical properties of semiconductors

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 38

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optical properties of semiconductors

Jia-Zhi Chen et al Opt Mater Express 4 1178-1185 (2014)

Direct bandgap energies of unstrained Ge1minus xSnx alloys (a) and calculated band edges of the

various bands for pseudomorphic Ge1minus xSnx alloys on Ge as a function of Sn composition

Ge with direct bandgap

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 39

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optical properties of semiconductors

Schematic of the effect of quantum confinement on the electronic structure of a semiconductor The arrows indicate the lowest energy absorption transition (a) Bulk semiconductor CB = conduction band VB = valence band) (b) Three lowest electron (Enle ) and hole (Enlh ) energy levels in a quantum dot The corresponding wave functions are represented by dashed lines (c) Semiconductor nanocrystal (quantum dot)

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 40

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optical properties of semiconductors

(a) Three lowest electron (Enle ) and hole (Enlh ) energy levels in a semiconductor nanocrystal quantum dot The corresponding wave functions are represented by the dashed lines Allowed optical transitions are given by the arrows (b) Assignment of the transitions in the absorption spectrum of colloidal CdTe quantum dots

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 41

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optical properties of semiconductors

Eg= band gap energy of bulk semiconductor

R = radius of quantum dot

me= effective mass of excited electron

mh= effective mass of excited hole

h = Planckrsquos constant

Energy of photons emitted by QDs

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 42

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optical properties of semiconductors

Eg= band gap energy of bulk semiconductor

R = radius of quantum dot

me= effective mass of excited electron

mh= effective mass of excited hole

h = Planckrsquos constant

Energy of photons emitted by QDs

CdS QD

1 Experimental data

2 calculation

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 43

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optical properties of semiconductors

Eg= band gap energy of bulk semiconductor

R = radius of quantum dot

me= effective mass of excited electron

mh= effective mass of excited hole

h = Planckrsquos constant

Energy of photons emitted by QDs

Advanced Biomedical Engineering book edited by Gaetano D Gargiulo Co-editor Alistair McEwan ISBN 978-953-307-555-6

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 44

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optical properties of semiconductors

Schematic representation of the quantum

confinement effect on the energy level structure of

a semiconductor material

Celso de Mello Donegaacute Chem Soc Rev 40 1512-1546 (2011)

119886119887 = 120634119898

120699119886119887

ab =0053 nm ndash dielectric constant

m ndash electron mass

m ndash effective electron mass

Bohr radius for semiconductors

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 45

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Questions

Page 9: Fundamentals of Nanoelectronics: Basic Concepts

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 9

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

The top silicon layer is typically between 50 and 90 nmthick Silicon under the channel is partially depleted of mobile charge carriers

The top silicon layer is between 5 and 20 nm thick typically frac14 of the gate length Silicon under the gate is fully depleted of mobile charge carriers There is no floating body effect

Fully depleted silicon-on-insulator FD-SOI vs PD-SOI

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 10

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

10

Benefits Challanges

Significant reduction in power consumption below 11 nm

High cost of initial wafers

Faster switching speed Variability in VT due to variations in the thickness of silicon thin-film

Easier standard manufacturing process No strain engineering possible

Availability of back-biasing to control VT

No doping variability

Fully depleted silicon-on-insulator FD-SOI (below 14 nm)

Introduction

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 11

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Introduction

NEAR-TERM 2013-2020 Scaling of Si CMOS - Implementation of fully depleted SOI

Implementation of high-mobility CMOS channel materials

LONG-TERM 2021-2028 Implementation of advanced multi-gate structuresmdash ultra-thin

body multi-gate MOSFETs

httpwwwitrsnetLinks2013ITRSHome2013htm

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 12

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Multi-gate structures

httpwwwgoogledeimgresimgurl=http3A2F2Fwwwfz-juelichde2FSharedDocs2FBilder2FPGI2FPGI-92FEN2FForschung2FNanowires2FMultigatMOSFET jpg253F __blob253Dnormalampimgrefurl=http3A2F2Fwwwfz-juelichde2Fpgi2Fpgi-92FDE2FForschung2F05-Si-Nano-MOSFET2F01-Multigate2520nanowire2F_nodehtmlamph= 336ampw=600amptbnid=4kA-VMzzxXDUlM3Aampdocid=ZqBKi7JKfbji2Mampei=OrjaVbjkF4n0ULaHjdAEamptbm=ischampiact=rcampuact=3ampdur=2146amppage=1ampstart=0ampndsp=30ampved=0CHQQrQMw GmoVChMIuOnjrIrBxwIVCToUCh22QwNK

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 13

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

httpwwwsecgovArchivesedgardata937966000119312514331751g784347page_012jpg

Multi-gate structures

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 14

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Hybrid 1D and 3D nanostructures

AFM topography of annealed and etched

sample

Room temperature semi-logarithmic I-V

characteristic of n-InAsp-Si heterojunction

Prucnal et al Nanolett 11 2814 (2011)

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 15

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

InAs

Hybrid 1D and 3D nanostructures

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 16

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Hybrid 1D and 3D nanostructures

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 17

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

GeOI for junctionless transistors

00 05 10 15 2010

-11

10-10

10-9

10-8

50x50x3000 nm

H x W x L

Cu

rre

nt (A

)

Voltage (V)

100 nm Ge

50 nm Ge

100x100x3000 nm

H x W x L

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 18

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Electronic transport

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 19

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

length scale transistor density

1 mm = 1m1000

1 mm = 1mm1000

1 nm = 1mm1000 Atomic distance lt 1 nm

1985 rarr 10 mm channel length

2010 rarr lt 100 nm

2015 rarr lt 20 nm

For the channel length of 10 mm size

of transisotr is 100 mm

3 cm

3 c

m

300

300

105

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 20

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

length scale transistor density

1 mm = 1m1000

1 mm = 1mm1000

1 nm = 1mm1000 Atomic distance lt 1 nm

1985 rarr 10 mm channel length

2010 rarr lt 100 nm

2015 rarr lt 20 nm

For the channel length of 100 nm size

of transisotr is 1 mm

3 cm

3 c

m

30000

30000

109

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 21

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

length scale transistor density

1 mm = 1m1000

1 mm = 1mm1000

1 nm = 1mm1000 Atomic distance lt 1 nm

1985 rarr 10 mm channel length

2010 rarr lt 100 nm

2015 rarr lt 20 nm

For the channel length of 20 nm size

of transisotr is 200 nm

3 cm

3 c

m

150000

15

00

00

109 times 25

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 22

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

length scaleelectronic transport

1 mm = 1m1000

1 mm = 1mm1000

1 nm = 1mm1000 Atomic distance lt 1 nm

S D Channel

Vo I

119933

119920=R

R determines OnOff state and is controlled by 3rd terminal

- + 1985 rarr 10 mm

2010 rarr lt 100 nm

2015 rarr lt 20 nm

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 23

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

length scaleelectronic transport

1 mm = 1m1000

1 mm = 1mm1000

1 nm = 1mm1000 Atomic distance lt 1 nm

1985 rarr 10 mm

2010 rarr lt 100 nm

2015 rarr lt 20 nm

S D

Channel

Vo I

e

e

- +

Diffusive transport

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 24

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

length scaleelectronic transport

1 mm = 1m1000

1 mm = 1mm1000

1 nm = 1mm1000 Atomic distance lt 1 nm

1985 rarr 10 mm

2010 rarr lt 100 nm

2015 rarr lt 20 nm

S D

Channel

Vo I

e

e

- +

Ballistic transport

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 25

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

length scale Ohms law

S D Channel

Vo I

R=r119923

119912 Lrarr 120782119929 rarr 120782119929 =

119945

119954120784=25kWfor ballistic transport

119933

119920=R

- +

~mm ~nm

S D Channel

L W

Vo I + -

119933

119920=R=

120646

119934119923 119933

119920=R=

120646

119934(119923 +119950119942119938119951119943119955119942119942119953119938119957119945)

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 26

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

length scale Ohms law

G Jo et al J Appl Phys 102 084508 (2007)

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 27

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Mobility

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 28

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

length scale mobility

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 29

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

length scale mobility

F Gaacutemiz 2004 Semicond Sci Technol 19 113

Ballistic transport

Diffusive transport

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 30

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

length scale mobility

Patrick S Goley and Mantu K Hudait Materials 2014 7(3) 2301-2339

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 31

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

GeOI for junctionless transistors

Xiao Yu et all ECS Solid State Lett 4 P15 (2015)

1014

1015

1019

0

100

200

300

400

500 Electron mobility

for 50 nm Ge

Mobili

ty c

m2V

s

Carrier concentration (cm-3)

SmartCut

GeOI

Epi-Ge

University of Tokyo PECVD+FLA

HZDR

20x1018

40x1018

60x1018

80x1018

10x1019

0

25

50

75

100

125

150

175

200

Carrier concentration (cm-3)

Mo

bili

ty c

m2V

s

PECVD+FLA

HZDREpi-Ge

University of Tokyo

SmartCut

GeOI

hole mobility

for 50 nm Ge

Preliminary data

Carrier mobility vs Carrier concentration in 50 nm thick Ge on insulator

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 32

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Downscaling

httpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=v2gDMj42sIM

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 33

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optoelectronic properties of semiconductors

Douglas J Paul Semicond Sci Technol 19 R75-R108 (2004)

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 34

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optoelectronic properties of semiconductors

IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTRON DEVICES VOL 55 NO 1 JANUARY 2008

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 35

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optical properties of semiconductors

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 36

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optical properties of semiconductors

(a) Direct-bandgap semiconductors such as GaAs InP and GaN (b) An indirect-bandgap semiconductor such as silicon or germanium

kne0 k=0

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 37

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optical properties of semiconductors

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 38

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optical properties of semiconductors

Jia-Zhi Chen et al Opt Mater Express 4 1178-1185 (2014)

Direct bandgap energies of unstrained Ge1minus xSnx alloys (a) and calculated band edges of the

various bands for pseudomorphic Ge1minus xSnx alloys on Ge as a function of Sn composition

Ge with direct bandgap

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 39

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optical properties of semiconductors

Schematic of the effect of quantum confinement on the electronic structure of a semiconductor The arrows indicate the lowest energy absorption transition (a) Bulk semiconductor CB = conduction band VB = valence band) (b) Three lowest electron (Enle ) and hole (Enlh ) energy levels in a quantum dot The corresponding wave functions are represented by dashed lines (c) Semiconductor nanocrystal (quantum dot)

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 40

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optical properties of semiconductors

(a) Three lowest electron (Enle ) and hole (Enlh ) energy levels in a semiconductor nanocrystal quantum dot The corresponding wave functions are represented by the dashed lines Allowed optical transitions are given by the arrows (b) Assignment of the transitions in the absorption spectrum of colloidal CdTe quantum dots

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 41

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optical properties of semiconductors

Eg= band gap energy of bulk semiconductor

R = radius of quantum dot

me= effective mass of excited electron

mh= effective mass of excited hole

h = Planckrsquos constant

Energy of photons emitted by QDs

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 42

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optical properties of semiconductors

Eg= band gap energy of bulk semiconductor

R = radius of quantum dot

me= effective mass of excited electron

mh= effective mass of excited hole

h = Planckrsquos constant

Energy of photons emitted by QDs

CdS QD

1 Experimental data

2 calculation

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 43

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optical properties of semiconductors

Eg= band gap energy of bulk semiconductor

R = radius of quantum dot

me= effective mass of excited electron

mh= effective mass of excited hole

h = Planckrsquos constant

Energy of photons emitted by QDs

Advanced Biomedical Engineering book edited by Gaetano D Gargiulo Co-editor Alistair McEwan ISBN 978-953-307-555-6

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 44

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optical properties of semiconductors

Schematic representation of the quantum

confinement effect on the energy level structure of

a semiconductor material

Celso de Mello Donegaacute Chem Soc Rev 40 1512-1546 (2011)

119886119887 = 120634119898

120699119886119887

ab =0053 nm ndash dielectric constant

m ndash electron mass

m ndash effective electron mass

Bohr radius for semiconductors

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 45

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Questions

Page 10: Fundamentals of Nanoelectronics: Basic Concepts

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 10

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

10

Benefits Challanges

Significant reduction in power consumption below 11 nm

High cost of initial wafers

Faster switching speed Variability in VT due to variations in the thickness of silicon thin-film

Easier standard manufacturing process No strain engineering possible

Availability of back-biasing to control VT

No doping variability

Fully depleted silicon-on-insulator FD-SOI (below 14 nm)

Introduction

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 11

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Introduction

NEAR-TERM 2013-2020 Scaling of Si CMOS - Implementation of fully depleted SOI

Implementation of high-mobility CMOS channel materials

LONG-TERM 2021-2028 Implementation of advanced multi-gate structuresmdash ultra-thin

body multi-gate MOSFETs

httpwwwitrsnetLinks2013ITRSHome2013htm

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 12

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Multi-gate structures

httpwwwgoogledeimgresimgurl=http3A2F2Fwwwfz-juelichde2FSharedDocs2FBilder2FPGI2FPGI-92FEN2FForschung2FNanowires2FMultigatMOSFET jpg253F __blob253Dnormalampimgrefurl=http3A2F2Fwwwfz-juelichde2Fpgi2Fpgi-92FDE2FForschung2F05-Si-Nano-MOSFET2F01-Multigate2520nanowire2F_nodehtmlamph= 336ampw=600amptbnid=4kA-VMzzxXDUlM3Aampdocid=ZqBKi7JKfbji2Mampei=OrjaVbjkF4n0ULaHjdAEamptbm=ischampiact=rcampuact=3ampdur=2146amppage=1ampstart=0ampndsp=30ampved=0CHQQrQMw GmoVChMIuOnjrIrBxwIVCToUCh22QwNK

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 13

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

httpwwwsecgovArchivesedgardata937966000119312514331751g784347page_012jpg

Multi-gate structures

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 14

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Hybrid 1D and 3D nanostructures

AFM topography of annealed and etched

sample

Room temperature semi-logarithmic I-V

characteristic of n-InAsp-Si heterojunction

Prucnal et al Nanolett 11 2814 (2011)

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 15

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

InAs

Hybrid 1D and 3D nanostructures

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 16

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Hybrid 1D and 3D nanostructures

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 17

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

GeOI for junctionless transistors

00 05 10 15 2010

-11

10-10

10-9

10-8

50x50x3000 nm

H x W x L

Cu

rre

nt (A

)

Voltage (V)

100 nm Ge

50 nm Ge

100x100x3000 nm

H x W x L

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 18

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Electronic transport

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 19

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

length scale transistor density

1 mm = 1m1000

1 mm = 1mm1000

1 nm = 1mm1000 Atomic distance lt 1 nm

1985 rarr 10 mm channel length

2010 rarr lt 100 nm

2015 rarr lt 20 nm

For the channel length of 10 mm size

of transisotr is 100 mm

3 cm

3 c

m

300

300

105

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 20

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

length scale transistor density

1 mm = 1m1000

1 mm = 1mm1000

1 nm = 1mm1000 Atomic distance lt 1 nm

1985 rarr 10 mm channel length

2010 rarr lt 100 nm

2015 rarr lt 20 nm

For the channel length of 100 nm size

of transisotr is 1 mm

3 cm

3 c

m

30000

30000

109

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 21

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

length scale transistor density

1 mm = 1m1000

1 mm = 1mm1000

1 nm = 1mm1000 Atomic distance lt 1 nm

1985 rarr 10 mm channel length

2010 rarr lt 100 nm

2015 rarr lt 20 nm

For the channel length of 20 nm size

of transisotr is 200 nm

3 cm

3 c

m

150000

15

00

00

109 times 25

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 22

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

length scaleelectronic transport

1 mm = 1m1000

1 mm = 1mm1000

1 nm = 1mm1000 Atomic distance lt 1 nm

S D Channel

Vo I

119933

119920=R

R determines OnOff state and is controlled by 3rd terminal

- + 1985 rarr 10 mm

2010 rarr lt 100 nm

2015 rarr lt 20 nm

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 23

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

length scaleelectronic transport

1 mm = 1m1000

1 mm = 1mm1000

1 nm = 1mm1000 Atomic distance lt 1 nm

1985 rarr 10 mm

2010 rarr lt 100 nm

2015 rarr lt 20 nm

S D

Channel

Vo I

e

e

- +

Diffusive transport

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 24

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

length scaleelectronic transport

1 mm = 1m1000

1 mm = 1mm1000

1 nm = 1mm1000 Atomic distance lt 1 nm

1985 rarr 10 mm

2010 rarr lt 100 nm

2015 rarr lt 20 nm

S D

Channel

Vo I

e

e

- +

Ballistic transport

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 25

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

length scale Ohms law

S D Channel

Vo I

R=r119923

119912 Lrarr 120782119929 rarr 120782119929 =

119945

119954120784=25kWfor ballistic transport

119933

119920=R

- +

~mm ~nm

S D Channel

L W

Vo I + -

119933

119920=R=

120646

119934119923 119933

119920=R=

120646

119934(119923 +119950119942119938119951119943119955119942119942119953119938119957119945)

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 26

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

length scale Ohms law

G Jo et al J Appl Phys 102 084508 (2007)

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 27

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Mobility

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 28

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

length scale mobility

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 29

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

length scale mobility

F Gaacutemiz 2004 Semicond Sci Technol 19 113

Ballistic transport

Diffusive transport

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 30

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

length scale mobility

Patrick S Goley and Mantu K Hudait Materials 2014 7(3) 2301-2339

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 31

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

GeOI for junctionless transistors

Xiao Yu et all ECS Solid State Lett 4 P15 (2015)

1014

1015

1019

0

100

200

300

400

500 Electron mobility

for 50 nm Ge

Mobili

ty c

m2V

s

Carrier concentration (cm-3)

SmartCut

GeOI

Epi-Ge

University of Tokyo PECVD+FLA

HZDR

20x1018

40x1018

60x1018

80x1018

10x1019

0

25

50

75

100

125

150

175

200

Carrier concentration (cm-3)

Mo

bili

ty c

m2V

s

PECVD+FLA

HZDREpi-Ge

University of Tokyo

SmartCut

GeOI

hole mobility

for 50 nm Ge

Preliminary data

Carrier mobility vs Carrier concentration in 50 nm thick Ge on insulator

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 32

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Downscaling

httpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=v2gDMj42sIM

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 33

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optoelectronic properties of semiconductors

Douglas J Paul Semicond Sci Technol 19 R75-R108 (2004)

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 34

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optoelectronic properties of semiconductors

IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTRON DEVICES VOL 55 NO 1 JANUARY 2008

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 35

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optical properties of semiconductors

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 36

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optical properties of semiconductors

(a) Direct-bandgap semiconductors such as GaAs InP and GaN (b) An indirect-bandgap semiconductor such as silicon or germanium

kne0 k=0

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 37

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optical properties of semiconductors

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 38

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optical properties of semiconductors

Jia-Zhi Chen et al Opt Mater Express 4 1178-1185 (2014)

Direct bandgap energies of unstrained Ge1minus xSnx alloys (a) and calculated band edges of the

various bands for pseudomorphic Ge1minus xSnx alloys on Ge as a function of Sn composition

Ge with direct bandgap

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 39

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optical properties of semiconductors

Schematic of the effect of quantum confinement on the electronic structure of a semiconductor The arrows indicate the lowest energy absorption transition (a) Bulk semiconductor CB = conduction band VB = valence band) (b) Three lowest electron (Enle ) and hole (Enlh ) energy levels in a quantum dot The corresponding wave functions are represented by dashed lines (c) Semiconductor nanocrystal (quantum dot)

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 40

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optical properties of semiconductors

(a) Three lowest electron (Enle ) and hole (Enlh ) energy levels in a semiconductor nanocrystal quantum dot The corresponding wave functions are represented by the dashed lines Allowed optical transitions are given by the arrows (b) Assignment of the transitions in the absorption spectrum of colloidal CdTe quantum dots

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 41

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optical properties of semiconductors

Eg= band gap energy of bulk semiconductor

R = radius of quantum dot

me= effective mass of excited electron

mh= effective mass of excited hole

h = Planckrsquos constant

Energy of photons emitted by QDs

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 42

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optical properties of semiconductors

Eg= band gap energy of bulk semiconductor

R = radius of quantum dot

me= effective mass of excited electron

mh= effective mass of excited hole

h = Planckrsquos constant

Energy of photons emitted by QDs

CdS QD

1 Experimental data

2 calculation

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 43

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optical properties of semiconductors

Eg= band gap energy of bulk semiconductor

R = radius of quantum dot

me= effective mass of excited electron

mh= effective mass of excited hole

h = Planckrsquos constant

Energy of photons emitted by QDs

Advanced Biomedical Engineering book edited by Gaetano D Gargiulo Co-editor Alistair McEwan ISBN 978-953-307-555-6

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 44

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optical properties of semiconductors

Schematic representation of the quantum

confinement effect on the energy level structure of

a semiconductor material

Celso de Mello Donegaacute Chem Soc Rev 40 1512-1546 (2011)

119886119887 = 120634119898

120699119886119887

ab =0053 nm ndash dielectric constant

m ndash electron mass

m ndash effective electron mass

Bohr radius for semiconductors

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 45

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Questions

Page 11: Fundamentals of Nanoelectronics: Basic Concepts

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 11

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Introduction

NEAR-TERM 2013-2020 Scaling of Si CMOS - Implementation of fully depleted SOI

Implementation of high-mobility CMOS channel materials

LONG-TERM 2021-2028 Implementation of advanced multi-gate structuresmdash ultra-thin

body multi-gate MOSFETs

httpwwwitrsnetLinks2013ITRSHome2013htm

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 12

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Multi-gate structures

httpwwwgoogledeimgresimgurl=http3A2F2Fwwwfz-juelichde2FSharedDocs2FBilder2FPGI2FPGI-92FEN2FForschung2FNanowires2FMultigatMOSFET jpg253F __blob253Dnormalampimgrefurl=http3A2F2Fwwwfz-juelichde2Fpgi2Fpgi-92FDE2FForschung2F05-Si-Nano-MOSFET2F01-Multigate2520nanowire2F_nodehtmlamph= 336ampw=600amptbnid=4kA-VMzzxXDUlM3Aampdocid=ZqBKi7JKfbji2Mampei=OrjaVbjkF4n0ULaHjdAEamptbm=ischampiact=rcampuact=3ampdur=2146amppage=1ampstart=0ampndsp=30ampved=0CHQQrQMw GmoVChMIuOnjrIrBxwIVCToUCh22QwNK

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 13

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

httpwwwsecgovArchivesedgardata937966000119312514331751g784347page_012jpg

Multi-gate structures

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 14

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Hybrid 1D and 3D nanostructures

AFM topography of annealed and etched

sample

Room temperature semi-logarithmic I-V

characteristic of n-InAsp-Si heterojunction

Prucnal et al Nanolett 11 2814 (2011)

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 15

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

InAs

Hybrid 1D and 3D nanostructures

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 16

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Hybrid 1D and 3D nanostructures

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 17

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

GeOI for junctionless transistors

00 05 10 15 2010

-11

10-10

10-9

10-8

50x50x3000 nm

H x W x L

Cu

rre

nt (A

)

Voltage (V)

100 nm Ge

50 nm Ge

100x100x3000 nm

H x W x L

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 18

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Electronic transport

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 19

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

length scale transistor density

1 mm = 1m1000

1 mm = 1mm1000

1 nm = 1mm1000 Atomic distance lt 1 nm

1985 rarr 10 mm channel length

2010 rarr lt 100 nm

2015 rarr lt 20 nm

For the channel length of 10 mm size

of transisotr is 100 mm

3 cm

3 c

m

300

300

105

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 20

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

length scale transistor density

1 mm = 1m1000

1 mm = 1mm1000

1 nm = 1mm1000 Atomic distance lt 1 nm

1985 rarr 10 mm channel length

2010 rarr lt 100 nm

2015 rarr lt 20 nm

For the channel length of 100 nm size

of transisotr is 1 mm

3 cm

3 c

m

30000

30000

109

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 21

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

length scale transistor density

1 mm = 1m1000

1 mm = 1mm1000

1 nm = 1mm1000 Atomic distance lt 1 nm

1985 rarr 10 mm channel length

2010 rarr lt 100 nm

2015 rarr lt 20 nm

For the channel length of 20 nm size

of transisotr is 200 nm

3 cm

3 c

m

150000

15

00

00

109 times 25

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 22

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

length scaleelectronic transport

1 mm = 1m1000

1 mm = 1mm1000

1 nm = 1mm1000 Atomic distance lt 1 nm

S D Channel

Vo I

119933

119920=R

R determines OnOff state and is controlled by 3rd terminal

- + 1985 rarr 10 mm

2010 rarr lt 100 nm

2015 rarr lt 20 nm

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 23

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

length scaleelectronic transport

1 mm = 1m1000

1 mm = 1mm1000

1 nm = 1mm1000 Atomic distance lt 1 nm

1985 rarr 10 mm

2010 rarr lt 100 nm

2015 rarr lt 20 nm

S D

Channel

Vo I

e

e

- +

Diffusive transport

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 24

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

length scaleelectronic transport

1 mm = 1m1000

1 mm = 1mm1000

1 nm = 1mm1000 Atomic distance lt 1 nm

1985 rarr 10 mm

2010 rarr lt 100 nm

2015 rarr lt 20 nm

S D

Channel

Vo I

e

e

- +

Ballistic transport

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 25

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

length scale Ohms law

S D Channel

Vo I

R=r119923

119912 Lrarr 120782119929 rarr 120782119929 =

119945

119954120784=25kWfor ballistic transport

119933

119920=R

- +

~mm ~nm

S D Channel

L W

Vo I + -

119933

119920=R=

120646

119934119923 119933

119920=R=

120646

119934(119923 +119950119942119938119951119943119955119942119942119953119938119957119945)

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 26

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

length scale Ohms law

G Jo et al J Appl Phys 102 084508 (2007)

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 27

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Mobility

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 28

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

length scale mobility

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 29

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

length scale mobility

F Gaacutemiz 2004 Semicond Sci Technol 19 113

Ballistic transport

Diffusive transport

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 30

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

length scale mobility

Patrick S Goley and Mantu K Hudait Materials 2014 7(3) 2301-2339

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 31

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

GeOI for junctionless transistors

Xiao Yu et all ECS Solid State Lett 4 P15 (2015)

1014

1015

1019

0

100

200

300

400

500 Electron mobility

for 50 nm Ge

Mobili

ty c

m2V

s

Carrier concentration (cm-3)

SmartCut

GeOI

Epi-Ge

University of Tokyo PECVD+FLA

HZDR

20x1018

40x1018

60x1018

80x1018

10x1019

0

25

50

75

100

125

150

175

200

Carrier concentration (cm-3)

Mo

bili

ty c

m2V

s

PECVD+FLA

HZDREpi-Ge

University of Tokyo

SmartCut

GeOI

hole mobility

for 50 nm Ge

Preliminary data

Carrier mobility vs Carrier concentration in 50 nm thick Ge on insulator

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 32

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Downscaling

httpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=v2gDMj42sIM

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 33

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optoelectronic properties of semiconductors

Douglas J Paul Semicond Sci Technol 19 R75-R108 (2004)

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 34

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optoelectronic properties of semiconductors

IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTRON DEVICES VOL 55 NO 1 JANUARY 2008

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 35

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optical properties of semiconductors

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 36

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optical properties of semiconductors

(a) Direct-bandgap semiconductors such as GaAs InP and GaN (b) An indirect-bandgap semiconductor such as silicon or germanium

kne0 k=0

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 37

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optical properties of semiconductors

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 38

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optical properties of semiconductors

Jia-Zhi Chen et al Opt Mater Express 4 1178-1185 (2014)

Direct bandgap energies of unstrained Ge1minus xSnx alloys (a) and calculated band edges of the

various bands for pseudomorphic Ge1minus xSnx alloys on Ge as a function of Sn composition

Ge with direct bandgap

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 39

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optical properties of semiconductors

Schematic of the effect of quantum confinement on the electronic structure of a semiconductor The arrows indicate the lowest energy absorption transition (a) Bulk semiconductor CB = conduction band VB = valence band) (b) Three lowest electron (Enle ) and hole (Enlh ) energy levels in a quantum dot The corresponding wave functions are represented by dashed lines (c) Semiconductor nanocrystal (quantum dot)

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 40

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optical properties of semiconductors

(a) Three lowest electron (Enle ) and hole (Enlh ) energy levels in a semiconductor nanocrystal quantum dot The corresponding wave functions are represented by the dashed lines Allowed optical transitions are given by the arrows (b) Assignment of the transitions in the absorption spectrum of colloidal CdTe quantum dots

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 41

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optical properties of semiconductors

Eg= band gap energy of bulk semiconductor

R = radius of quantum dot

me= effective mass of excited electron

mh= effective mass of excited hole

h = Planckrsquos constant

Energy of photons emitted by QDs

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 42

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optical properties of semiconductors

Eg= band gap energy of bulk semiconductor

R = radius of quantum dot

me= effective mass of excited electron

mh= effective mass of excited hole

h = Planckrsquos constant

Energy of photons emitted by QDs

CdS QD

1 Experimental data

2 calculation

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 43

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optical properties of semiconductors

Eg= band gap energy of bulk semiconductor

R = radius of quantum dot

me= effective mass of excited electron

mh= effective mass of excited hole

h = Planckrsquos constant

Energy of photons emitted by QDs

Advanced Biomedical Engineering book edited by Gaetano D Gargiulo Co-editor Alistair McEwan ISBN 978-953-307-555-6

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 44

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optical properties of semiconductors

Schematic representation of the quantum

confinement effect on the energy level structure of

a semiconductor material

Celso de Mello Donegaacute Chem Soc Rev 40 1512-1546 (2011)

119886119887 = 120634119898

120699119886119887

ab =0053 nm ndash dielectric constant

m ndash electron mass

m ndash effective electron mass

Bohr radius for semiconductors

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 45

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Questions

Page 12: Fundamentals of Nanoelectronics: Basic Concepts

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 12

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Multi-gate structures

httpwwwgoogledeimgresimgurl=http3A2F2Fwwwfz-juelichde2FSharedDocs2FBilder2FPGI2FPGI-92FEN2FForschung2FNanowires2FMultigatMOSFET jpg253F __blob253Dnormalampimgrefurl=http3A2F2Fwwwfz-juelichde2Fpgi2Fpgi-92FDE2FForschung2F05-Si-Nano-MOSFET2F01-Multigate2520nanowire2F_nodehtmlamph= 336ampw=600amptbnid=4kA-VMzzxXDUlM3Aampdocid=ZqBKi7JKfbji2Mampei=OrjaVbjkF4n0ULaHjdAEamptbm=ischampiact=rcampuact=3ampdur=2146amppage=1ampstart=0ampndsp=30ampved=0CHQQrQMw GmoVChMIuOnjrIrBxwIVCToUCh22QwNK

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 13

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

httpwwwsecgovArchivesedgardata937966000119312514331751g784347page_012jpg

Multi-gate structures

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 14

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Hybrid 1D and 3D nanostructures

AFM topography of annealed and etched

sample

Room temperature semi-logarithmic I-V

characteristic of n-InAsp-Si heterojunction

Prucnal et al Nanolett 11 2814 (2011)

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 15

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

InAs

Hybrid 1D and 3D nanostructures

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 16

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Hybrid 1D and 3D nanostructures

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 17

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

GeOI for junctionless transistors

00 05 10 15 2010

-11

10-10

10-9

10-8

50x50x3000 nm

H x W x L

Cu

rre

nt (A

)

Voltage (V)

100 nm Ge

50 nm Ge

100x100x3000 nm

H x W x L

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 18

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Electronic transport

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 19

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

length scale transistor density

1 mm = 1m1000

1 mm = 1mm1000

1 nm = 1mm1000 Atomic distance lt 1 nm

1985 rarr 10 mm channel length

2010 rarr lt 100 nm

2015 rarr lt 20 nm

For the channel length of 10 mm size

of transisotr is 100 mm

3 cm

3 c

m

300

300

105

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 20

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

length scale transistor density

1 mm = 1m1000

1 mm = 1mm1000

1 nm = 1mm1000 Atomic distance lt 1 nm

1985 rarr 10 mm channel length

2010 rarr lt 100 nm

2015 rarr lt 20 nm

For the channel length of 100 nm size

of transisotr is 1 mm

3 cm

3 c

m

30000

30000

109

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 21

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

length scale transistor density

1 mm = 1m1000

1 mm = 1mm1000

1 nm = 1mm1000 Atomic distance lt 1 nm

1985 rarr 10 mm channel length

2010 rarr lt 100 nm

2015 rarr lt 20 nm

For the channel length of 20 nm size

of transisotr is 200 nm

3 cm

3 c

m

150000

15

00

00

109 times 25

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 22

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

length scaleelectronic transport

1 mm = 1m1000

1 mm = 1mm1000

1 nm = 1mm1000 Atomic distance lt 1 nm

S D Channel

Vo I

119933

119920=R

R determines OnOff state and is controlled by 3rd terminal

- + 1985 rarr 10 mm

2010 rarr lt 100 nm

2015 rarr lt 20 nm

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 23

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

length scaleelectronic transport

1 mm = 1m1000

1 mm = 1mm1000

1 nm = 1mm1000 Atomic distance lt 1 nm

1985 rarr 10 mm

2010 rarr lt 100 nm

2015 rarr lt 20 nm

S D

Channel

Vo I

e

e

- +

Diffusive transport

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 24

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

length scaleelectronic transport

1 mm = 1m1000

1 mm = 1mm1000

1 nm = 1mm1000 Atomic distance lt 1 nm

1985 rarr 10 mm

2010 rarr lt 100 nm

2015 rarr lt 20 nm

S D

Channel

Vo I

e

e

- +

Ballistic transport

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 25

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

length scale Ohms law

S D Channel

Vo I

R=r119923

119912 Lrarr 120782119929 rarr 120782119929 =

119945

119954120784=25kWfor ballistic transport

119933

119920=R

- +

~mm ~nm

S D Channel

L W

Vo I + -

119933

119920=R=

120646

119934119923 119933

119920=R=

120646

119934(119923 +119950119942119938119951119943119955119942119942119953119938119957119945)

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 26

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

length scale Ohms law

G Jo et al J Appl Phys 102 084508 (2007)

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 27

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Mobility

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 28

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

length scale mobility

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 29

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

length scale mobility

F Gaacutemiz 2004 Semicond Sci Technol 19 113

Ballistic transport

Diffusive transport

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 30

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

length scale mobility

Patrick S Goley and Mantu K Hudait Materials 2014 7(3) 2301-2339

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 31

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

GeOI for junctionless transistors

Xiao Yu et all ECS Solid State Lett 4 P15 (2015)

1014

1015

1019

0

100

200

300

400

500 Electron mobility

for 50 nm Ge

Mobili

ty c

m2V

s

Carrier concentration (cm-3)

SmartCut

GeOI

Epi-Ge

University of Tokyo PECVD+FLA

HZDR

20x1018

40x1018

60x1018

80x1018

10x1019

0

25

50

75

100

125

150

175

200

Carrier concentration (cm-3)

Mo

bili

ty c

m2V

s

PECVD+FLA

HZDREpi-Ge

University of Tokyo

SmartCut

GeOI

hole mobility

for 50 nm Ge

Preliminary data

Carrier mobility vs Carrier concentration in 50 nm thick Ge on insulator

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 32

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Downscaling

httpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=v2gDMj42sIM

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 33

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optoelectronic properties of semiconductors

Douglas J Paul Semicond Sci Technol 19 R75-R108 (2004)

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 34

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optoelectronic properties of semiconductors

IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTRON DEVICES VOL 55 NO 1 JANUARY 2008

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 35

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optical properties of semiconductors

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 36

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optical properties of semiconductors

(a) Direct-bandgap semiconductors such as GaAs InP and GaN (b) An indirect-bandgap semiconductor such as silicon or germanium

kne0 k=0

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 37

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optical properties of semiconductors

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 38

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optical properties of semiconductors

Jia-Zhi Chen et al Opt Mater Express 4 1178-1185 (2014)

Direct bandgap energies of unstrained Ge1minus xSnx alloys (a) and calculated band edges of the

various bands for pseudomorphic Ge1minus xSnx alloys on Ge as a function of Sn composition

Ge with direct bandgap

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 39

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optical properties of semiconductors

Schematic of the effect of quantum confinement on the electronic structure of a semiconductor The arrows indicate the lowest energy absorption transition (a) Bulk semiconductor CB = conduction band VB = valence band) (b) Three lowest electron (Enle ) and hole (Enlh ) energy levels in a quantum dot The corresponding wave functions are represented by dashed lines (c) Semiconductor nanocrystal (quantum dot)

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 40

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optical properties of semiconductors

(a) Three lowest electron (Enle ) and hole (Enlh ) energy levels in a semiconductor nanocrystal quantum dot The corresponding wave functions are represented by the dashed lines Allowed optical transitions are given by the arrows (b) Assignment of the transitions in the absorption spectrum of colloidal CdTe quantum dots

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 41

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optical properties of semiconductors

Eg= band gap energy of bulk semiconductor

R = radius of quantum dot

me= effective mass of excited electron

mh= effective mass of excited hole

h = Planckrsquos constant

Energy of photons emitted by QDs

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 42

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optical properties of semiconductors

Eg= band gap energy of bulk semiconductor

R = radius of quantum dot

me= effective mass of excited electron

mh= effective mass of excited hole

h = Planckrsquos constant

Energy of photons emitted by QDs

CdS QD

1 Experimental data

2 calculation

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 43

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optical properties of semiconductors

Eg= band gap energy of bulk semiconductor

R = radius of quantum dot

me= effective mass of excited electron

mh= effective mass of excited hole

h = Planckrsquos constant

Energy of photons emitted by QDs

Advanced Biomedical Engineering book edited by Gaetano D Gargiulo Co-editor Alistair McEwan ISBN 978-953-307-555-6

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 44

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optical properties of semiconductors

Schematic representation of the quantum

confinement effect on the energy level structure of

a semiconductor material

Celso de Mello Donegaacute Chem Soc Rev 40 1512-1546 (2011)

119886119887 = 120634119898

120699119886119887

ab =0053 nm ndash dielectric constant

m ndash electron mass

m ndash effective electron mass

Bohr radius for semiconductors

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 45

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Questions

Page 13: Fundamentals of Nanoelectronics: Basic Concepts

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 13

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

httpwwwsecgovArchivesedgardata937966000119312514331751g784347page_012jpg

Multi-gate structures

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 14

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Hybrid 1D and 3D nanostructures

AFM topography of annealed and etched

sample

Room temperature semi-logarithmic I-V

characteristic of n-InAsp-Si heterojunction

Prucnal et al Nanolett 11 2814 (2011)

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 15

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

InAs

Hybrid 1D and 3D nanostructures

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 16

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Hybrid 1D and 3D nanostructures

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 17

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

GeOI for junctionless transistors

00 05 10 15 2010

-11

10-10

10-9

10-8

50x50x3000 nm

H x W x L

Cu

rre

nt (A

)

Voltage (V)

100 nm Ge

50 nm Ge

100x100x3000 nm

H x W x L

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 18

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Electronic transport

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 19

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

length scale transistor density

1 mm = 1m1000

1 mm = 1mm1000

1 nm = 1mm1000 Atomic distance lt 1 nm

1985 rarr 10 mm channel length

2010 rarr lt 100 nm

2015 rarr lt 20 nm

For the channel length of 10 mm size

of transisotr is 100 mm

3 cm

3 c

m

300

300

105

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 20

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

length scale transistor density

1 mm = 1m1000

1 mm = 1mm1000

1 nm = 1mm1000 Atomic distance lt 1 nm

1985 rarr 10 mm channel length

2010 rarr lt 100 nm

2015 rarr lt 20 nm

For the channel length of 100 nm size

of transisotr is 1 mm

3 cm

3 c

m

30000

30000

109

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 21

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

length scale transistor density

1 mm = 1m1000

1 mm = 1mm1000

1 nm = 1mm1000 Atomic distance lt 1 nm

1985 rarr 10 mm channel length

2010 rarr lt 100 nm

2015 rarr lt 20 nm

For the channel length of 20 nm size

of transisotr is 200 nm

3 cm

3 c

m

150000

15

00

00

109 times 25

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 22

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

length scaleelectronic transport

1 mm = 1m1000

1 mm = 1mm1000

1 nm = 1mm1000 Atomic distance lt 1 nm

S D Channel

Vo I

119933

119920=R

R determines OnOff state and is controlled by 3rd terminal

- + 1985 rarr 10 mm

2010 rarr lt 100 nm

2015 rarr lt 20 nm

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 23

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

length scaleelectronic transport

1 mm = 1m1000

1 mm = 1mm1000

1 nm = 1mm1000 Atomic distance lt 1 nm

1985 rarr 10 mm

2010 rarr lt 100 nm

2015 rarr lt 20 nm

S D

Channel

Vo I

e

e

- +

Diffusive transport

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 24

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

length scaleelectronic transport

1 mm = 1m1000

1 mm = 1mm1000

1 nm = 1mm1000 Atomic distance lt 1 nm

1985 rarr 10 mm

2010 rarr lt 100 nm

2015 rarr lt 20 nm

S D

Channel

Vo I

e

e

- +

Ballistic transport

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 25

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

length scale Ohms law

S D Channel

Vo I

R=r119923

119912 Lrarr 120782119929 rarr 120782119929 =

119945

119954120784=25kWfor ballistic transport

119933

119920=R

- +

~mm ~nm

S D Channel

L W

Vo I + -

119933

119920=R=

120646

119934119923 119933

119920=R=

120646

119934(119923 +119950119942119938119951119943119955119942119942119953119938119957119945)

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 26

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

length scale Ohms law

G Jo et al J Appl Phys 102 084508 (2007)

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 27

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Mobility

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 28

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

length scale mobility

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 29

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

length scale mobility

F Gaacutemiz 2004 Semicond Sci Technol 19 113

Ballistic transport

Diffusive transport

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 30

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

length scale mobility

Patrick S Goley and Mantu K Hudait Materials 2014 7(3) 2301-2339

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 31

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

GeOI for junctionless transistors

Xiao Yu et all ECS Solid State Lett 4 P15 (2015)

1014

1015

1019

0

100

200

300

400

500 Electron mobility

for 50 nm Ge

Mobili

ty c

m2V

s

Carrier concentration (cm-3)

SmartCut

GeOI

Epi-Ge

University of Tokyo PECVD+FLA

HZDR

20x1018

40x1018

60x1018

80x1018

10x1019

0

25

50

75

100

125

150

175

200

Carrier concentration (cm-3)

Mo

bili

ty c

m2V

s

PECVD+FLA

HZDREpi-Ge

University of Tokyo

SmartCut

GeOI

hole mobility

for 50 nm Ge

Preliminary data

Carrier mobility vs Carrier concentration in 50 nm thick Ge on insulator

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 32

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Downscaling

httpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=v2gDMj42sIM

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 33

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optoelectronic properties of semiconductors

Douglas J Paul Semicond Sci Technol 19 R75-R108 (2004)

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 34

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optoelectronic properties of semiconductors

IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTRON DEVICES VOL 55 NO 1 JANUARY 2008

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 35

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optical properties of semiconductors

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 36

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optical properties of semiconductors

(a) Direct-bandgap semiconductors such as GaAs InP and GaN (b) An indirect-bandgap semiconductor such as silicon or germanium

kne0 k=0

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 37

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optical properties of semiconductors

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 38

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optical properties of semiconductors

Jia-Zhi Chen et al Opt Mater Express 4 1178-1185 (2014)

Direct bandgap energies of unstrained Ge1minus xSnx alloys (a) and calculated band edges of the

various bands for pseudomorphic Ge1minus xSnx alloys on Ge as a function of Sn composition

Ge with direct bandgap

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 39

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optical properties of semiconductors

Schematic of the effect of quantum confinement on the electronic structure of a semiconductor The arrows indicate the lowest energy absorption transition (a) Bulk semiconductor CB = conduction band VB = valence band) (b) Three lowest electron (Enle ) and hole (Enlh ) energy levels in a quantum dot The corresponding wave functions are represented by dashed lines (c) Semiconductor nanocrystal (quantum dot)

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 40

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optical properties of semiconductors

(a) Three lowest electron (Enle ) and hole (Enlh ) energy levels in a semiconductor nanocrystal quantum dot The corresponding wave functions are represented by the dashed lines Allowed optical transitions are given by the arrows (b) Assignment of the transitions in the absorption spectrum of colloidal CdTe quantum dots

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 41

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optical properties of semiconductors

Eg= band gap energy of bulk semiconductor

R = radius of quantum dot

me= effective mass of excited electron

mh= effective mass of excited hole

h = Planckrsquos constant

Energy of photons emitted by QDs

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 42

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optical properties of semiconductors

Eg= band gap energy of bulk semiconductor

R = radius of quantum dot

me= effective mass of excited electron

mh= effective mass of excited hole

h = Planckrsquos constant

Energy of photons emitted by QDs

CdS QD

1 Experimental data

2 calculation

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 43

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optical properties of semiconductors

Eg= band gap energy of bulk semiconductor

R = radius of quantum dot

me= effective mass of excited electron

mh= effective mass of excited hole

h = Planckrsquos constant

Energy of photons emitted by QDs

Advanced Biomedical Engineering book edited by Gaetano D Gargiulo Co-editor Alistair McEwan ISBN 978-953-307-555-6

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 44

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optical properties of semiconductors

Schematic representation of the quantum

confinement effect on the energy level structure of

a semiconductor material

Celso de Mello Donegaacute Chem Soc Rev 40 1512-1546 (2011)

119886119887 = 120634119898

120699119886119887

ab =0053 nm ndash dielectric constant

m ndash electron mass

m ndash effective electron mass

Bohr radius for semiconductors

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 45

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Questions

Page 14: Fundamentals of Nanoelectronics: Basic Concepts

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 14

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Hybrid 1D and 3D nanostructures

AFM topography of annealed and etched

sample

Room temperature semi-logarithmic I-V

characteristic of n-InAsp-Si heterojunction

Prucnal et al Nanolett 11 2814 (2011)

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 15

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

InAs

Hybrid 1D and 3D nanostructures

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 16

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Hybrid 1D and 3D nanostructures

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 17

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

GeOI for junctionless transistors

00 05 10 15 2010

-11

10-10

10-9

10-8

50x50x3000 nm

H x W x L

Cu

rre

nt (A

)

Voltage (V)

100 nm Ge

50 nm Ge

100x100x3000 nm

H x W x L

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 18

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Electronic transport

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 19

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

length scale transistor density

1 mm = 1m1000

1 mm = 1mm1000

1 nm = 1mm1000 Atomic distance lt 1 nm

1985 rarr 10 mm channel length

2010 rarr lt 100 nm

2015 rarr lt 20 nm

For the channel length of 10 mm size

of transisotr is 100 mm

3 cm

3 c

m

300

300

105

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 20

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

length scale transistor density

1 mm = 1m1000

1 mm = 1mm1000

1 nm = 1mm1000 Atomic distance lt 1 nm

1985 rarr 10 mm channel length

2010 rarr lt 100 nm

2015 rarr lt 20 nm

For the channel length of 100 nm size

of transisotr is 1 mm

3 cm

3 c

m

30000

30000

109

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 21

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

length scale transistor density

1 mm = 1m1000

1 mm = 1mm1000

1 nm = 1mm1000 Atomic distance lt 1 nm

1985 rarr 10 mm channel length

2010 rarr lt 100 nm

2015 rarr lt 20 nm

For the channel length of 20 nm size

of transisotr is 200 nm

3 cm

3 c

m

150000

15

00

00

109 times 25

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 22

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

length scaleelectronic transport

1 mm = 1m1000

1 mm = 1mm1000

1 nm = 1mm1000 Atomic distance lt 1 nm

S D Channel

Vo I

119933

119920=R

R determines OnOff state and is controlled by 3rd terminal

- + 1985 rarr 10 mm

2010 rarr lt 100 nm

2015 rarr lt 20 nm

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 23

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

length scaleelectronic transport

1 mm = 1m1000

1 mm = 1mm1000

1 nm = 1mm1000 Atomic distance lt 1 nm

1985 rarr 10 mm

2010 rarr lt 100 nm

2015 rarr lt 20 nm

S D

Channel

Vo I

e

e

- +

Diffusive transport

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 24

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

length scaleelectronic transport

1 mm = 1m1000

1 mm = 1mm1000

1 nm = 1mm1000 Atomic distance lt 1 nm

1985 rarr 10 mm

2010 rarr lt 100 nm

2015 rarr lt 20 nm

S D

Channel

Vo I

e

e

- +

Ballistic transport

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 25

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

length scale Ohms law

S D Channel

Vo I

R=r119923

119912 Lrarr 120782119929 rarr 120782119929 =

119945

119954120784=25kWfor ballistic transport

119933

119920=R

- +

~mm ~nm

S D Channel

L W

Vo I + -

119933

119920=R=

120646

119934119923 119933

119920=R=

120646

119934(119923 +119950119942119938119951119943119955119942119942119953119938119957119945)

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 26

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

length scale Ohms law

G Jo et al J Appl Phys 102 084508 (2007)

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 27

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Mobility

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 28

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

length scale mobility

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 29

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

length scale mobility

F Gaacutemiz 2004 Semicond Sci Technol 19 113

Ballistic transport

Diffusive transport

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 30

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

length scale mobility

Patrick S Goley and Mantu K Hudait Materials 2014 7(3) 2301-2339

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 31

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

GeOI for junctionless transistors

Xiao Yu et all ECS Solid State Lett 4 P15 (2015)

1014

1015

1019

0

100

200

300

400

500 Electron mobility

for 50 nm Ge

Mobili

ty c

m2V

s

Carrier concentration (cm-3)

SmartCut

GeOI

Epi-Ge

University of Tokyo PECVD+FLA

HZDR

20x1018

40x1018

60x1018

80x1018

10x1019

0

25

50

75

100

125

150

175

200

Carrier concentration (cm-3)

Mo

bili

ty c

m2V

s

PECVD+FLA

HZDREpi-Ge

University of Tokyo

SmartCut

GeOI

hole mobility

for 50 nm Ge

Preliminary data

Carrier mobility vs Carrier concentration in 50 nm thick Ge on insulator

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 32

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Downscaling

httpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=v2gDMj42sIM

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 33

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optoelectronic properties of semiconductors

Douglas J Paul Semicond Sci Technol 19 R75-R108 (2004)

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 34

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optoelectronic properties of semiconductors

IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTRON DEVICES VOL 55 NO 1 JANUARY 2008

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 35

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optical properties of semiconductors

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 36

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optical properties of semiconductors

(a) Direct-bandgap semiconductors such as GaAs InP and GaN (b) An indirect-bandgap semiconductor such as silicon or germanium

kne0 k=0

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 37

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optical properties of semiconductors

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 38

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optical properties of semiconductors

Jia-Zhi Chen et al Opt Mater Express 4 1178-1185 (2014)

Direct bandgap energies of unstrained Ge1minus xSnx alloys (a) and calculated band edges of the

various bands for pseudomorphic Ge1minus xSnx alloys on Ge as a function of Sn composition

Ge with direct bandgap

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 39

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optical properties of semiconductors

Schematic of the effect of quantum confinement on the electronic structure of a semiconductor The arrows indicate the lowest energy absorption transition (a) Bulk semiconductor CB = conduction band VB = valence band) (b) Three lowest electron (Enle ) and hole (Enlh ) energy levels in a quantum dot The corresponding wave functions are represented by dashed lines (c) Semiconductor nanocrystal (quantum dot)

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 40

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optical properties of semiconductors

(a) Three lowest electron (Enle ) and hole (Enlh ) energy levels in a semiconductor nanocrystal quantum dot The corresponding wave functions are represented by the dashed lines Allowed optical transitions are given by the arrows (b) Assignment of the transitions in the absorption spectrum of colloidal CdTe quantum dots

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 41

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optical properties of semiconductors

Eg= band gap energy of bulk semiconductor

R = radius of quantum dot

me= effective mass of excited electron

mh= effective mass of excited hole

h = Planckrsquos constant

Energy of photons emitted by QDs

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 42

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optical properties of semiconductors

Eg= band gap energy of bulk semiconductor

R = radius of quantum dot

me= effective mass of excited electron

mh= effective mass of excited hole

h = Planckrsquos constant

Energy of photons emitted by QDs

CdS QD

1 Experimental data

2 calculation

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 43

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optical properties of semiconductors

Eg= band gap energy of bulk semiconductor

R = radius of quantum dot

me= effective mass of excited electron

mh= effective mass of excited hole

h = Planckrsquos constant

Energy of photons emitted by QDs

Advanced Biomedical Engineering book edited by Gaetano D Gargiulo Co-editor Alistair McEwan ISBN 978-953-307-555-6

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 44

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optical properties of semiconductors

Schematic representation of the quantum

confinement effect on the energy level structure of

a semiconductor material

Celso de Mello Donegaacute Chem Soc Rev 40 1512-1546 (2011)

119886119887 = 120634119898

120699119886119887

ab =0053 nm ndash dielectric constant

m ndash electron mass

m ndash effective electron mass

Bohr radius for semiconductors

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 45

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Questions

Page 15: Fundamentals of Nanoelectronics: Basic Concepts

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 15

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

InAs

Hybrid 1D and 3D nanostructures

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 16

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Hybrid 1D and 3D nanostructures

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 17

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

GeOI for junctionless transistors

00 05 10 15 2010

-11

10-10

10-9

10-8

50x50x3000 nm

H x W x L

Cu

rre

nt (A

)

Voltage (V)

100 nm Ge

50 nm Ge

100x100x3000 nm

H x W x L

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 18

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Electronic transport

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 19

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

length scale transistor density

1 mm = 1m1000

1 mm = 1mm1000

1 nm = 1mm1000 Atomic distance lt 1 nm

1985 rarr 10 mm channel length

2010 rarr lt 100 nm

2015 rarr lt 20 nm

For the channel length of 10 mm size

of transisotr is 100 mm

3 cm

3 c

m

300

300

105

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 20

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

length scale transistor density

1 mm = 1m1000

1 mm = 1mm1000

1 nm = 1mm1000 Atomic distance lt 1 nm

1985 rarr 10 mm channel length

2010 rarr lt 100 nm

2015 rarr lt 20 nm

For the channel length of 100 nm size

of transisotr is 1 mm

3 cm

3 c

m

30000

30000

109

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 21

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

length scale transistor density

1 mm = 1m1000

1 mm = 1mm1000

1 nm = 1mm1000 Atomic distance lt 1 nm

1985 rarr 10 mm channel length

2010 rarr lt 100 nm

2015 rarr lt 20 nm

For the channel length of 20 nm size

of transisotr is 200 nm

3 cm

3 c

m

150000

15

00

00

109 times 25

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 22

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

length scaleelectronic transport

1 mm = 1m1000

1 mm = 1mm1000

1 nm = 1mm1000 Atomic distance lt 1 nm

S D Channel

Vo I

119933

119920=R

R determines OnOff state and is controlled by 3rd terminal

- + 1985 rarr 10 mm

2010 rarr lt 100 nm

2015 rarr lt 20 nm

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 23

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

length scaleelectronic transport

1 mm = 1m1000

1 mm = 1mm1000

1 nm = 1mm1000 Atomic distance lt 1 nm

1985 rarr 10 mm

2010 rarr lt 100 nm

2015 rarr lt 20 nm

S D

Channel

Vo I

e

e

- +

Diffusive transport

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 24

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

length scaleelectronic transport

1 mm = 1m1000

1 mm = 1mm1000

1 nm = 1mm1000 Atomic distance lt 1 nm

1985 rarr 10 mm

2010 rarr lt 100 nm

2015 rarr lt 20 nm

S D

Channel

Vo I

e

e

- +

Ballistic transport

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 25

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

length scale Ohms law

S D Channel

Vo I

R=r119923

119912 Lrarr 120782119929 rarr 120782119929 =

119945

119954120784=25kWfor ballistic transport

119933

119920=R

- +

~mm ~nm

S D Channel

L W

Vo I + -

119933

119920=R=

120646

119934119923 119933

119920=R=

120646

119934(119923 +119950119942119938119951119943119955119942119942119953119938119957119945)

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 26

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

length scale Ohms law

G Jo et al J Appl Phys 102 084508 (2007)

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 27

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Mobility

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 28

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

length scale mobility

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 29

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

length scale mobility

F Gaacutemiz 2004 Semicond Sci Technol 19 113

Ballistic transport

Diffusive transport

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 30

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

length scale mobility

Patrick S Goley and Mantu K Hudait Materials 2014 7(3) 2301-2339

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 31

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

GeOI for junctionless transistors

Xiao Yu et all ECS Solid State Lett 4 P15 (2015)

1014

1015

1019

0

100

200

300

400

500 Electron mobility

for 50 nm Ge

Mobili

ty c

m2V

s

Carrier concentration (cm-3)

SmartCut

GeOI

Epi-Ge

University of Tokyo PECVD+FLA

HZDR

20x1018

40x1018

60x1018

80x1018

10x1019

0

25

50

75

100

125

150

175

200

Carrier concentration (cm-3)

Mo

bili

ty c

m2V

s

PECVD+FLA

HZDREpi-Ge

University of Tokyo

SmartCut

GeOI

hole mobility

for 50 nm Ge

Preliminary data

Carrier mobility vs Carrier concentration in 50 nm thick Ge on insulator

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 32

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Downscaling

httpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=v2gDMj42sIM

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 33

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optoelectronic properties of semiconductors

Douglas J Paul Semicond Sci Technol 19 R75-R108 (2004)

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 34

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optoelectronic properties of semiconductors

IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTRON DEVICES VOL 55 NO 1 JANUARY 2008

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 35

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optical properties of semiconductors

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 36

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optical properties of semiconductors

(a) Direct-bandgap semiconductors such as GaAs InP and GaN (b) An indirect-bandgap semiconductor such as silicon or germanium

kne0 k=0

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 37

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optical properties of semiconductors

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 38

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optical properties of semiconductors

Jia-Zhi Chen et al Opt Mater Express 4 1178-1185 (2014)

Direct bandgap energies of unstrained Ge1minus xSnx alloys (a) and calculated band edges of the

various bands for pseudomorphic Ge1minus xSnx alloys on Ge as a function of Sn composition

Ge with direct bandgap

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 39

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optical properties of semiconductors

Schematic of the effect of quantum confinement on the electronic structure of a semiconductor The arrows indicate the lowest energy absorption transition (a) Bulk semiconductor CB = conduction band VB = valence band) (b) Three lowest electron (Enle ) and hole (Enlh ) energy levels in a quantum dot The corresponding wave functions are represented by dashed lines (c) Semiconductor nanocrystal (quantum dot)

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 40

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optical properties of semiconductors

(a) Three lowest electron (Enle ) and hole (Enlh ) energy levels in a semiconductor nanocrystal quantum dot The corresponding wave functions are represented by the dashed lines Allowed optical transitions are given by the arrows (b) Assignment of the transitions in the absorption spectrum of colloidal CdTe quantum dots

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 41

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optical properties of semiconductors

Eg= band gap energy of bulk semiconductor

R = radius of quantum dot

me= effective mass of excited electron

mh= effective mass of excited hole

h = Planckrsquos constant

Energy of photons emitted by QDs

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 42

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optical properties of semiconductors

Eg= band gap energy of bulk semiconductor

R = radius of quantum dot

me= effective mass of excited electron

mh= effective mass of excited hole

h = Planckrsquos constant

Energy of photons emitted by QDs

CdS QD

1 Experimental data

2 calculation

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 43

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optical properties of semiconductors

Eg= band gap energy of bulk semiconductor

R = radius of quantum dot

me= effective mass of excited electron

mh= effective mass of excited hole

h = Planckrsquos constant

Energy of photons emitted by QDs

Advanced Biomedical Engineering book edited by Gaetano D Gargiulo Co-editor Alistair McEwan ISBN 978-953-307-555-6

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 44

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optical properties of semiconductors

Schematic representation of the quantum

confinement effect on the energy level structure of

a semiconductor material

Celso de Mello Donegaacute Chem Soc Rev 40 1512-1546 (2011)

119886119887 = 120634119898

120699119886119887

ab =0053 nm ndash dielectric constant

m ndash electron mass

m ndash effective electron mass

Bohr radius for semiconductors

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 45

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Questions

Page 16: Fundamentals of Nanoelectronics: Basic Concepts

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 16

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Hybrid 1D and 3D nanostructures

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 17

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

GeOI for junctionless transistors

00 05 10 15 2010

-11

10-10

10-9

10-8

50x50x3000 nm

H x W x L

Cu

rre

nt (A

)

Voltage (V)

100 nm Ge

50 nm Ge

100x100x3000 nm

H x W x L

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 18

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Electronic transport

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 19

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

length scale transistor density

1 mm = 1m1000

1 mm = 1mm1000

1 nm = 1mm1000 Atomic distance lt 1 nm

1985 rarr 10 mm channel length

2010 rarr lt 100 nm

2015 rarr lt 20 nm

For the channel length of 10 mm size

of transisotr is 100 mm

3 cm

3 c

m

300

300

105

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 20

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

length scale transistor density

1 mm = 1m1000

1 mm = 1mm1000

1 nm = 1mm1000 Atomic distance lt 1 nm

1985 rarr 10 mm channel length

2010 rarr lt 100 nm

2015 rarr lt 20 nm

For the channel length of 100 nm size

of transisotr is 1 mm

3 cm

3 c

m

30000

30000

109

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 21

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

length scale transistor density

1 mm = 1m1000

1 mm = 1mm1000

1 nm = 1mm1000 Atomic distance lt 1 nm

1985 rarr 10 mm channel length

2010 rarr lt 100 nm

2015 rarr lt 20 nm

For the channel length of 20 nm size

of transisotr is 200 nm

3 cm

3 c

m

150000

15

00

00

109 times 25

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 22

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

length scaleelectronic transport

1 mm = 1m1000

1 mm = 1mm1000

1 nm = 1mm1000 Atomic distance lt 1 nm

S D Channel

Vo I

119933

119920=R

R determines OnOff state and is controlled by 3rd terminal

- + 1985 rarr 10 mm

2010 rarr lt 100 nm

2015 rarr lt 20 nm

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 23

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

length scaleelectronic transport

1 mm = 1m1000

1 mm = 1mm1000

1 nm = 1mm1000 Atomic distance lt 1 nm

1985 rarr 10 mm

2010 rarr lt 100 nm

2015 rarr lt 20 nm

S D

Channel

Vo I

e

e

- +

Diffusive transport

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 24

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

length scaleelectronic transport

1 mm = 1m1000

1 mm = 1mm1000

1 nm = 1mm1000 Atomic distance lt 1 nm

1985 rarr 10 mm

2010 rarr lt 100 nm

2015 rarr lt 20 nm

S D

Channel

Vo I

e

e

- +

Ballistic transport

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 25

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

length scale Ohms law

S D Channel

Vo I

R=r119923

119912 Lrarr 120782119929 rarr 120782119929 =

119945

119954120784=25kWfor ballistic transport

119933

119920=R

- +

~mm ~nm

S D Channel

L W

Vo I + -

119933

119920=R=

120646

119934119923 119933

119920=R=

120646

119934(119923 +119950119942119938119951119943119955119942119942119953119938119957119945)

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 26

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

length scale Ohms law

G Jo et al J Appl Phys 102 084508 (2007)

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 27

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Mobility

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 28

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

length scale mobility

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 29

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

length scale mobility

F Gaacutemiz 2004 Semicond Sci Technol 19 113

Ballistic transport

Diffusive transport

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 30

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

length scale mobility

Patrick S Goley and Mantu K Hudait Materials 2014 7(3) 2301-2339

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 31

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

GeOI for junctionless transistors

Xiao Yu et all ECS Solid State Lett 4 P15 (2015)

1014

1015

1019

0

100

200

300

400

500 Electron mobility

for 50 nm Ge

Mobili

ty c

m2V

s

Carrier concentration (cm-3)

SmartCut

GeOI

Epi-Ge

University of Tokyo PECVD+FLA

HZDR

20x1018

40x1018

60x1018

80x1018

10x1019

0

25

50

75

100

125

150

175

200

Carrier concentration (cm-3)

Mo

bili

ty c

m2V

s

PECVD+FLA

HZDREpi-Ge

University of Tokyo

SmartCut

GeOI

hole mobility

for 50 nm Ge

Preliminary data

Carrier mobility vs Carrier concentration in 50 nm thick Ge on insulator

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 32

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Downscaling

httpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=v2gDMj42sIM

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 33

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optoelectronic properties of semiconductors

Douglas J Paul Semicond Sci Technol 19 R75-R108 (2004)

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 34

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optoelectronic properties of semiconductors

IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTRON DEVICES VOL 55 NO 1 JANUARY 2008

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 35

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optical properties of semiconductors

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 36

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optical properties of semiconductors

(a) Direct-bandgap semiconductors such as GaAs InP and GaN (b) An indirect-bandgap semiconductor such as silicon or germanium

kne0 k=0

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 37

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optical properties of semiconductors

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 38

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optical properties of semiconductors

Jia-Zhi Chen et al Opt Mater Express 4 1178-1185 (2014)

Direct bandgap energies of unstrained Ge1minus xSnx alloys (a) and calculated band edges of the

various bands for pseudomorphic Ge1minus xSnx alloys on Ge as a function of Sn composition

Ge with direct bandgap

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 39

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optical properties of semiconductors

Schematic of the effect of quantum confinement on the electronic structure of a semiconductor The arrows indicate the lowest energy absorption transition (a) Bulk semiconductor CB = conduction band VB = valence band) (b) Three lowest electron (Enle ) and hole (Enlh ) energy levels in a quantum dot The corresponding wave functions are represented by dashed lines (c) Semiconductor nanocrystal (quantum dot)

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 40

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optical properties of semiconductors

(a) Three lowest electron (Enle ) and hole (Enlh ) energy levels in a semiconductor nanocrystal quantum dot The corresponding wave functions are represented by the dashed lines Allowed optical transitions are given by the arrows (b) Assignment of the transitions in the absorption spectrum of colloidal CdTe quantum dots

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 41

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optical properties of semiconductors

Eg= band gap energy of bulk semiconductor

R = radius of quantum dot

me= effective mass of excited electron

mh= effective mass of excited hole

h = Planckrsquos constant

Energy of photons emitted by QDs

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 42

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optical properties of semiconductors

Eg= band gap energy of bulk semiconductor

R = radius of quantum dot

me= effective mass of excited electron

mh= effective mass of excited hole

h = Planckrsquos constant

Energy of photons emitted by QDs

CdS QD

1 Experimental data

2 calculation

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 43

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optical properties of semiconductors

Eg= band gap energy of bulk semiconductor

R = radius of quantum dot

me= effective mass of excited electron

mh= effective mass of excited hole

h = Planckrsquos constant

Energy of photons emitted by QDs

Advanced Biomedical Engineering book edited by Gaetano D Gargiulo Co-editor Alistair McEwan ISBN 978-953-307-555-6

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 44

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optical properties of semiconductors

Schematic representation of the quantum

confinement effect on the energy level structure of

a semiconductor material

Celso de Mello Donegaacute Chem Soc Rev 40 1512-1546 (2011)

119886119887 = 120634119898

120699119886119887

ab =0053 nm ndash dielectric constant

m ndash electron mass

m ndash effective electron mass

Bohr radius for semiconductors

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 45

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Questions

Page 17: Fundamentals of Nanoelectronics: Basic Concepts

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 17

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

GeOI for junctionless transistors

00 05 10 15 2010

-11

10-10

10-9

10-8

50x50x3000 nm

H x W x L

Cu

rre

nt (A

)

Voltage (V)

100 nm Ge

50 nm Ge

100x100x3000 nm

H x W x L

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 18

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Electronic transport

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 19

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

length scale transistor density

1 mm = 1m1000

1 mm = 1mm1000

1 nm = 1mm1000 Atomic distance lt 1 nm

1985 rarr 10 mm channel length

2010 rarr lt 100 nm

2015 rarr lt 20 nm

For the channel length of 10 mm size

of transisotr is 100 mm

3 cm

3 c

m

300

300

105

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 20

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

length scale transistor density

1 mm = 1m1000

1 mm = 1mm1000

1 nm = 1mm1000 Atomic distance lt 1 nm

1985 rarr 10 mm channel length

2010 rarr lt 100 nm

2015 rarr lt 20 nm

For the channel length of 100 nm size

of transisotr is 1 mm

3 cm

3 c

m

30000

30000

109

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 21

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

length scale transistor density

1 mm = 1m1000

1 mm = 1mm1000

1 nm = 1mm1000 Atomic distance lt 1 nm

1985 rarr 10 mm channel length

2010 rarr lt 100 nm

2015 rarr lt 20 nm

For the channel length of 20 nm size

of transisotr is 200 nm

3 cm

3 c

m

150000

15

00

00

109 times 25

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 22

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

length scaleelectronic transport

1 mm = 1m1000

1 mm = 1mm1000

1 nm = 1mm1000 Atomic distance lt 1 nm

S D Channel

Vo I

119933

119920=R

R determines OnOff state and is controlled by 3rd terminal

- + 1985 rarr 10 mm

2010 rarr lt 100 nm

2015 rarr lt 20 nm

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 23

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

length scaleelectronic transport

1 mm = 1m1000

1 mm = 1mm1000

1 nm = 1mm1000 Atomic distance lt 1 nm

1985 rarr 10 mm

2010 rarr lt 100 nm

2015 rarr lt 20 nm

S D

Channel

Vo I

e

e

- +

Diffusive transport

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 24

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

length scaleelectronic transport

1 mm = 1m1000

1 mm = 1mm1000

1 nm = 1mm1000 Atomic distance lt 1 nm

1985 rarr 10 mm

2010 rarr lt 100 nm

2015 rarr lt 20 nm

S D

Channel

Vo I

e

e

- +

Ballistic transport

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 25

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

length scale Ohms law

S D Channel

Vo I

R=r119923

119912 Lrarr 120782119929 rarr 120782119929 =

119945

119954120784=25kWfor ballistic transport

119933

119920=R

- +

~mm ~nm

S D Channel

L W

Vo I + -

119933

119920=R=

120646

119934119923 119933

119920=R=

120646

119934(119923 +119950119942119938119951119943119955119942119942119953119938119957119945)

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 26

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

length scale Ohms law

G Jo et al J Appl Phys 102 084508 (2007)

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 27

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Mobility

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 28

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

length scale mobility

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 29

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

length scale mobility

F Gaacutemiz 2004 Semicond Sci Technol 19 113

Ballistic transport

Diffusive transport

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 30

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

length scale mobility

Patrick S Goley and Mantu K Hudait Materials 2014 7(3) 2301-2339

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 31

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

GeOI for junctionless transistors

Xiao Yu et all ECS Solid State Lett 4 P15 (2015)

1014

1015

1019

0

100

200

300

400

500 Electron mobility

for 50 nm Ge

Mobili

ty c

m2V

s

Carrier concentration (cm-3)

SmartCut

GeOI

Epi-Ge

University of Tokyo PECVD+FLA

HZDR

20x1018

40x1018

60x1018

80x1018

10x1019

0

25

50

75

100

125

150

175

200

Carrier concentration (cm-3)

Mo

bili

ty c

m2V

s

PECVD+FLA

HZDREpi-Ge

University of Tokyo

SmartCut

GeOI

hole mobility

for 50 nm Ge

Preliminary data

Carrier mobility vs Carrier concentration in 50 nm thick Ge on insulator

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 32

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Downscaling

httpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=v2gDMj42sIM

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 33

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optoelectronic properties of semiconductors

Douglas J Paul Semicond Sci Technol 19 R75-R108 (2004)

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 34

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optoelectronic properties of semiconductors

IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTRON DEVICES VOL 55 NO 1 JANUARY 2008

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 35

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optical properties of semiconductors

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 36

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optical properties of semiconductors

(a) Direct-bandgap semiconductors such as GaAs InP and GaN (b) An indirect-bandgap semiconductor such as silicon or germanium

kne0 k=0

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 37

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optical properties of semiconductors

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 38

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optical properties of semiconductors

Jia-Zhi Chen et al Opt Mater Express 4 1178-1185 (2014)

Direct bandgap energies of unstrained Ge1minus xSnx alloys (a) and calculated band edges of the

various bands for pseudomorphic Ge1minus xSnx alloys on Ge as a function of Sn composition

Ge with direct bandgap

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 39

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optical properties of semiconductors

Schematic of the effect of quantum confinement on the electronic structure of a semiconductor The arrows indicate the lowest energy absorption transition (a) Bulk semiconductor CB = conduction band VB = valence band) (b) Three lowest electron (Enle ) and hole (Enlh ) energy levels in a quantum dot The corresponding wave functions are represented by dashed lines (c) Semiconductor nanocrystal (quantum dot)

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 40

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optical properties of semiconductors

(a) Three lowest electron (Enle ) and hole (Enlh ) energy levels in a semiconductor nanocrystal quantum dot The corresponding wave functions are represented by the dashed lines Allowed optical transitions are given by the arrows (b) Assignment of the transitions in the absorption spectrum of colloidal CdTe quantum dots

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 41

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optical properties of semiconductors

Eg= band gap energy of bulk semiconductor

R = radius of quantum dot

me= effective mass of excited electron

mh= effective mass of excited hole

h = Planckrsquos constant

Energy of photons emitted by QDs

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 42

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optical properties of semiconductors

Eg= band gap energy of bulk semiconductor

R = radius of quantum dot

me= effective mass of excited electron

mh= effective mass of excited hole

h = Planckrsquos constant

Energy of photons emitted by QDs

CdS QD

1 Experimental data

2 calculation

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 43

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optical properties of semiconductors

Eg= band gap energy of bulk semiconductor

R = radius of quantum dot

me= effective mass of excited electron

mh= effective mass of excited hole

h = Planckrsquos constant

Energy of photons emitted by QDs

Advanced Biomedical Engineering book edited by Gaetano D Gargiulo Co-editor Alistair McEwan ISBN 978-953-307-555-6

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 44

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optical properties of semiconductors

Schematic representation of the quantum

confinement effect on the energy level structure of

a semiconductor material

Celso de Mello Donegaacute Chem Soc Rev 40 1512-1546 (2011)

119886119887 = 120634119898

120699119886119887

ab =0053 nm ndash dielectric constant

m ndash electron mass

m ndash effective electron mass

Bohr radius for semiconductors

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 45

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Questions

Page 18: Fundamentals of Nanoelectronics: Basic Concepts

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 18

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Electronic transport

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 19

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

length scale transistor density

1 mm = 1m1000

1 mm = 1mm1000

1 nm = 1mm1000 Atomic distance lt 1 nm

1985 rarr 10 mm channel length

2010 rarr lt 100 nm

2015 rarr lt 20 nm

For the channel length of 10 mm size

of transisotr is 100 mm

3 cm

3 c

m

300

300

105

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 20

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

length scale transistor density

1 mm = 1m1000

1 mm = 1mm1000

1 nm = 1mm1000 Atomic distance lt 1 nm

1985 rarr 10 mm channel length

2010 rarr lt 100 nm

2015 rarr lt 20 nm

For the channel length of 100 nm size

of transisotr is 1 mm

3 cm

3 c

m

30000

30000

109

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 21

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

length scale transistor density

1 mm = 1m1000

1 mm = 1mm1000

1 nm = 1mm1000 Atomic distance lt 1 nm

1985 rarr 10 mm channel length

2010 rarr lt 100 nm

2015 rarr lt 20 nm

For the channel length of 20 nm size

of transisotr is 200 nm

3 cm

3 c

m

150000

15

00

00

109 times 25

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 22

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

length scaleelectronic transport

1 mm = 1m1000

1 mm = 1mm1000

1 nm = 1mm1000 Atomic distance lt 1 nm

S D Channel

Vo I

119933

119920=R

R determines OnOff state and is controlled by 3rd terminal

- + 1985 rarr 10 mm

2010 rarr lt 100 nm

2015 rarr lt 20 nm

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 23

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

length scaleelectronic transport

1 mm = 1m1000

1 mm = 1mm1000

1 nm = 1mm1000 Atomic distance lt 1 nm

1985 rarr 10 mm

2010 rarr lt 100 nm

2015 rarr lt 20 nm

S D

Channel

Vo I

e

e

- +

Diffusive transport

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 24

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

length scaleelectronic transport

1 mm = 1m1000

1 mm = 1mm1000

1 nm = 1mm1000 Atomic distance lt 1 nm

1985 rarr 10 mm

2010 rarr lt 100 nm

2015 rarr lt 20 nm

S D

Channel

Vo I

e

e

- +

Ballistic transport

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 25

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

length scale Ohms law

S D Channel

Vo I

R=r119923

119912 Lrarr 120782119929 rarr 120782119929 =

119945

119954120784=25kWfor ballistic transport

119933

119920=R

- +

~mm ~nm

S D Channel

L W

Vo I + -

119933

119920=R=

120646

119934119923 119933

119920=R=

120646

119934(119923 +119950119942119938119951119943119955119942119942119953119938119957119945)

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 26

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

length scale Ohms law

G Jo et al J Appl Phys 102 084508 (2007)

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 27

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Mobility

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 28

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

length scale mobility

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 29

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

length scale mobility

F Gaacutemiz 2004 Semicond Sci Technol 19 113

Ballistic transport

Diffusive transport

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 30

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

length scale mobility

Patrick S Goley and Mantu K Hudait Materials 2014 7(3) 2301-2339

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 31

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

GeOI for junctionless transistors

Xiao Yu et all ECS Solid State Lett 4 P15 (2015)

1014

1015

1019

0

100

200

300

400

500 Electron mobility

for 50 nm Ge

Mobili

ty c

m2V

s

Carrier concentration (cm-3)

SmartCut

GeOI

Epi-Ge

University of Tokyo PECVD+FLA

HZDR

20x1018

40x1018

60x1018

80x1018

10x1019

0

25

50

75

100

125

150

175

200

Carrier concentration (cm-3)

Mo

bili

ty c

m2V

s

PECVD+FLA

HZDREpi-Ge

University of Tokyo

SmartCut

GeOI

hole mobility

for 50 nm Ge

Preliminary data

Carrier mobility vs Carrier concentration in 50 nm thick Ge on insulator

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 32

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Downscaling

httpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=v2gDMj42sIM

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 33

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optoelectronic properties of semiconductors

Douglas J Paul Semicond Sci Technol 19 R75-R108 (2004)

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 34

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optoelectronic properties of semiconductors

IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTRON DEVICES VOL 55 NO 1 JANUARY 2008

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 35

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optical properties of semiconductors

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 36

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optical properties of semiconductors

(a) Direct-bandgap semiconductors such as GaAs InP and GaN (b) An indirect-bandgap semiconductor such as silicon or germanium

kne0 k=0

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 37

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optical properties of semiconductors

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 38

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optical properties of semiconductors

Jia-Zhi Chen et al Opt Mater Express 4 1178-1185 (2014)

Direct bandgap energies of unstrained Ge1minus xSnx alloys (a) and calculated band edges of the

various bands for pseudomorphic Ge1minus xSnx alloys on Ge as a function of Sn composition

Ge with direct bandgap

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 39

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optical properties of semiconductors

Schematic of the effect of quantum confinement on the electronic structure of a semiconductor The arrows indicate the lowest energy absorption transition (a) Bulk semiconductor CB = conduction band VB = valence band) (b) Three lowest electron (Enle ) and hole (Enlh ) energy levels in a quantum dot The corresponding wave functions are represented by dashed lines (c) Semiconductor nanocrystal (quantum dot)

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 40

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optical properties of semiconductors

(a) Three lowest electron (Enle ) and hole (Enlh ) energy levels in a semiconductor nanocrystal quantum dot The corresponding wave functions are represented by the dashed lines Allowed optical transitions are given by the arrows (b) Assignment of the transitions in the absorption spectrum of colloidal CdTe quantum dots

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 41

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optical properties of semiconductors

Eg= band gap energy of bulk semiconductor

R = radius of quantum dot

me= effective mass of excited electron

mh= effective mass of excited hole

h = Planckrsquos constant

Energy of photons emitted by QDs

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 42

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optical properties of semiconductors

Eg= band gap energy of bulk semiconductor

R = radius of quantum dot

me= effective mass of excited electron

mh= effective mass of excited hole

h = Planckrsquos constant

Energy of photons emitted by QDs

CdS QD

1 Experimental data

2 calculation

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 43

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optical properties of semiconductors

Eg= band gap energy of bulk semiconductor

R = radius of quantum dot

me= effective mass of excited electron

mh= effective mass of excited hole

h = Planckrsquos constant

Energy of photons emitted by QDs

Advanced Biomedical Engineering book edited by Gaetano D Gargiulo Co-editor Alistair McEwan ISBN 978-953-307-555-6

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 44

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optical properties of semiconductors

Schematic representation of the quantum

confinement effect on the energy level structure of

a semiconductor material

Celso de Mello Donegaacute Chem Soc Rev 40 1512-1546 (2011)

119886119887 = 120634119898

120699119886119887

ab =0053 nm ndash dielectric constant

m ndash electron mass

m ndash effective electron mass

Bohr radius for semiconductors

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 45

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Questions

Page 19: Fundamentals of Nanoelectronics: Basic Concepts

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 19

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

length scale transistor density

1 mm = 1m1000

1 mm = 1mm1000

1 nm = 1mm1000 Atomic distance lt 1 nm

1985 rarr 10 mm channel length

2010 rarr lt 100 nm

2015 rarr lt 20 nm

For the channel length of 10 mm size

of transisotr is 100 mm

3 cm

3 c

m

300

300

105

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 20

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

length scale transistor density

1 mm = 1m1000

1 mm = 1mm1000

1 nm = 1mm1000 Atomic distance lt 1 nm

1985 rarr 10 mm channel length

2010 rarr lt 100 nm

2015 rarr lt 20 nm

For the channel length of 100 nm size

of transisotr is 1 mm

3 cm

3 c

m

30000

30000

109

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 21

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

length scale transistor density

1 mm = 1m1000

1 mm = 1mm1000

1 nm = 1mm1000 Atomic distance lt 1 nm

1985 rarr 10 mm channel length

2010 rarr lt 100 nm

2015 rarr lt 20 nm

For the channel length of 20 nm size

of transisotr is 200 nm

3 cm

3 c

m

150000

15

00

00

109 times 25

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 22

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

length scaleelectronic transport

1 mm = 1m1000

1 mm = 1mm1000

1 nm = 1mm1000 Atomic distance lt 1 nm

S D Channel

Vo I

119933

119920=R

R determines OnOff state and is controlled by 3rd terminal

- + 1985 rarr 10 mm

2010 rarr lt 100 nm

2015 rarr lt 20 nm

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 23

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

length scaleelectronic transport

1 mm = 1m1000

1 mm = 1mm1000

1 nm = 1mm1000 Atomic distance lt 1 nm

1985 rarr 10 mm

2010 rarr lt 100 nm

2015 rarr lt 20 nm

S D

Channel

Vo I

e

e

- +

Diffusive transport

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 24

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

length scaleelectronic transport

1 mm = 1m1000

1 mm = 1mm1000

1 nm = 1mm1000 Atomic distance lt 1 nm

1985 rarr 10 mm

2010 rarr lt 100 nm

2015 rarr lt 20 nm

S D

Channel

Vo I

e

e

- +

Ballistic transport

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 25

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

length scale Ohms law

S D Channel

Vo I

R=r119923

119912 Lrarr 120782119929 rarr 120782119929 =

119945

119954120784=25kWfor ballistic transport

119933

119920=R

- +

~mm ~nm

S D Channel

L W

Vo I + -

119933

119920=R=

120646

119934119923 119933

119920=R=

120646

119934(119923 +119950119942119938119951119943119955119942119942119953119938119957119945)

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 26

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

length scale Ohms law

G Jo et al J Appl Phys 102 084508 (2007)

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 27

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Mobility

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 28

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

length scale mobility

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 29

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

length scale mobility

F Gaacutemiz 2004 Semicond Sci Technol 19 113

Ballistic transport

Diffusive transport

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 30

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

length scale mobility

Patrick S Goley and Mantu K Hudait Materials 2014 7(3) 2301-2339

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 31

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

GeOI for junctionless transistors

Xiao Yu et all ECS Solid State Lett 4 P15 (2015)

1014

1015

1019

0

100

200

300

400

500 Electron mobility

for 50 nm Ge

Mobili

ty c

m2V

s

Carrier concentration (cm-3)

SmartCut

GeOI

Epi-Ge

University of Tokyo PECVD+FLA

HZDR

20x1018

40x1018

60x1018

80x1018

10x1019

0

25

50

75

100

125

150

175

200

Carrier concentration (cm-3)

Mo

bili

ty c

m2V

s

PECVD+FLA

HZDREpi-Ge

University of Tokyo

SmartCut

GeOI

hole mobility

for 50 nm Ge

Preliminary data

Carrier mobility vs Carrier concentration in 50 nm thick Ge on insulator

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 32

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Downscaling

httpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=v2gDMj42sIM

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 33

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optoelectronic properties of semiconductors

Douglas J Paul Semicond Sci Technol 19 R75-R108 (2004)

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 34

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optoelectronic properties of semiconductors

IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTRON DEVICES VOL 55 NO 1 JANUARY 2008

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 35

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optical properties of semiconductors

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 36

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optical properties of semiconductors

(a) Direct-bandgap semiconductors such as GaAs InP and GaN (b) An indirect-bandgap semiconductor such as silicon or germanium

kne0 k=0

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 37

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optical properties of semiconductors

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 38

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optical properties of semiconductors

Jia-Zhi Chen et al Opt Mater Express 4 1178-1185 (2014)

Direct bandgap energies of unstrained Ge1minus xSnx alloys (a) and calculated band edges of the

various bands for pseudomorphic Ge1minus xSnx alloys on Ge as a function of Sn composition

Ge with direct bandgap

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 39

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optical properties of semiconductors

Schematic of the effect of quantum confinement on the electronic structure of a semiconductor The arrows indicate the lowest energy absorption transition (a) Bulk semiconductor CB = conduction band VB = valence band) (b) Three lowest electron (Enle ) and hole (Enlh ) energy levels in a quantum dot The corresponding wave functions are represented by dashed lines (c) Semiconductor nanocrystal (quantum dot)

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 40

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optical properties of semiconductors

(a) Three lowest electron (Enle ) and hole (Enlh ) energy levels in a semiconductor nanocrystal quantum dot The corresponding wave functions are represented by the dashed lines Allowed optical transitions are given by the arrows (b) Assignment of the transitions in the absorption spectrum of colloidal CdTe quantum dots

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 41

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optical properties of semiconductors

Eg= band gap energy of bulk semiconductor

R = radius of quantum dot

me= effective mass of excited electron

mh= effective mass of excited hole

h = Planckrsquos constant

Energy of photons emitted by QDs

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 42

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optical properties of semiconductors

Eg= band gap energy of bulk semiconductor

R = radius of quantum dot

me= effective mass of excited electron

mh= effective mass of excited hole

h = Planckrsquos constant

Energy of photons emitted by QDs

CdS QD

1 Experimental data

2 calculation

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 43

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optical properties of semiconductors

Eg= band gap energy of bulk semiconductor

R = radius of quantum dot

me= effective mass of excited electron

mh= effective mass of excited hole

h = Planckrsquos constant

Energy of photons emitted by QDs

Advanced Biomedical Engineering book edited by Gaetano D Gargiulo Co-editor Alistair McEwan ISBN 978-953-307-555-6

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 44

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optical properties of semiconductors

Schematic representation of the quantum

confinement effect on the energy level structure of

a semiconductor material

Celso de Mello Donegaacute Chem Soc Rev 40 1512-1546 (2011)

119886119887 = 120634119898

120699119886119887

ab =0053 nm ndash dielectric constant

m ndash electron mass

m ndash effective electron mass

Bohr radius for semiconductors

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 45

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Questions

Page 20: Fundamentals of Nanoelectronics: Basic Concepts

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 20

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

length scale transistor density

1 mm = 1m1000

1 mm = 1mm1000

1 nm = 1mm1000 Atomic distance lt 1 nm

1985 rarr 10 mm channel length

2010 rarr lt 100 nm

2015 rarr lt 20 nm

For the channel length of 100 nm size

of transisotr is 1 mm

3 cm

3 c

m

30000

30000

109

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 21

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

length scale transistor density

1 mm = 1m1000

1 mm = 1mm1000

1 nm = 1mm1000 Atomic distance lt 1 nm

1985 rarr 10 mm channel length

2010 rarr lt 100 nm

2015 rarr lt 20 nm

For the channel length of 20 nm size

of transisotr is 200 nm

3 cm

3 c

m

150000

15

00

00

109 times 25

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 22

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

length scaleelectronic transport

1 mm = 1m1000

1 mm = 1mm1000

1 nm = 1mm1000 Atomic distance lt 1 nm

S D Channel

Vo I

119933

119920=R

R determines OnOff state and is controlled by 3rd terminal

- + 1985 rarr 10 mm

2010 rarr lt 100 nm

2015 rarr lt 20 nm

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 23

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

length scaleelectronic transport

1 mm = 1m1000

1 mm = 1mm1000

1 nm = 1mm1000 Atomic distance lt 1 nm

1985 rarr 10 mm

2010 rarr lt 100 nm

2015 rarr lt 20 nm

S D

Channel

Vo I

e

e

- +

Diffusive transport

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 24

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

length scaleelectronic transport

1 mm = 1m1000

1 mm = 1mm1000

1 nm = 1mm1000 Atomic distance lt 1 nm

1985 rarr 10 mm

2010 rarr lt 100 nm

2015 rarr lt 20 nm

S D

Channel

Vo I

e

e

- +

Ballistic transport

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 25

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

length scale Ohms law

S D Channel

Vo I

R=r119923

119912 Lrarr 120782119929 rarr 120782119929 =

119945

119954120784=25kWfor ballistic transport

119933

119920=R

- +

~mm ~nm

S D Channel

L W

Vo I + -

119933

119920=R=

120646

119934119923 119933

119920=R=

120646

119934(119923 +119950119942119938119951119943119955119942119942119953119938119957119945)

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 26

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

length scale Ohms law

G Jo et al J Appl Phys 102 084508 (2007)

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 27

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Mobility

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 28

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

length scale mobility

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 29

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

length scale mobility

F Gaacutemiz 2004 Semicond Sci Technol 19 113

Ballistic transport

Diffusive transport

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 30

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

length scale mobility

Patrick S Goley and Mantu K Hudait Materials 2014 7(3) 2301-2339

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 31

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

GeOI for junctionless transistors

Xiao Yu et all ECS Solid State Lett 4 P15 (2015)

1014

1015

1019

0

100

200

300

400

500 Electron mobility

for 50 nm Ge

Mobili

ty c

m2V

s

Carrier concentration (cm-3)

SmartCut

GeOI

Epi-Ge

University of Tokyo PECVD+FLA

HZDR

20x1018

40x1018

60x1018

80x1018

10x1019

0

25

50

75

100

125

150

175

200

Carrier concentration (cm-3)

Mo

bili

ty c

m2V

s

PECVD+FLA

HZDREpi-Ge

University of Tokyo

SmartCut

GeOI

hole mobility

for 50 nm Ge

Preliminary data

Carrier mobility vs Carrier concentration in 50 nm thick Ge on insulator

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 32

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Downscaling

httpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=v2gDMj42sIM

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 33

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optoelectronic properties of semiconductors

Douglas J Paul Semicond Sci Technol 19 R75-R108 (2004)

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 34

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optoelectronic properties of semiconductors

IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTRON DEVICES VOL 55 NO 1 JANUARY 2008

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 35

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optical properties of semiconductors

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 36

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optical properties of semiconductors

(a) Direct-bandgap semiconductors such as GaAs InP and GaN (b) An indirect-bandgap semiconductor such as silicon or germanium

kne0 k=0

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 37

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optical properties of semiconductors

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 38

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optical properties of semiconductors

Jia-Zhi Chen et al Opt Mater Express 4 1178-1185 (2014)

Direct bandgap energies of unstrained Ge1minus xSnx alloys (a) and calculated band edges of the

various bands for pseudomorphic Ge1minus xSnx alloys on Ge as a function of Sn composition

Ge with direct bandgap

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 39

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optical properties of semiconductors

Schematic of the effect of quantum confinement on the electronic structure of a semiconductor The arrows indicate the lowest energy absorption transition (a) Bulk semiconductor CB = conduction band VB = valence band) (b) Three lowest electron (Enle ) and hole (Enlh ) energy levels in a quantum dot The corresponding wave functions are represented by dashed lines (c) Semiconductor nanocrystal (quantum dot)

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 40

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optical properties of semiconductors

(a) Three lowest electron (Enle ) and hole (Enlh ) energy levels in a semiconductor nanocrystal quantum dot The corresponding wave functions are represented by the dashed lines Allowed optical transitions are given by the arrows (b) Assignment of the transitions in the absorption spectrum of colloidal CdTe quantum dots

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 41

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optical properties of semiconductors

Eg= band gap energy of bulk semiconductor

R = radius of quantum dot

me= effective mass of excited electron

mh= effective mass of excited hole

h = Planckrsquos constant

Energy of photons emitted by QDs

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 42

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optical properties of semiconductors

Eg= band gap energy of bulk semiconductor

R = radius of quantum dot

me= effective mass of excited electron

mh= effective mass of excited hole

h = Planckrsquos constant

Energy of photons emitted by QDs

CdS QD

1 Experimental data

2 calculation

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 43

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optical properties of semiconductors

Eg= band gap energy of bulk semiconductor

R = radius of quantum dot

me= effective mass of excited electron

mh= effective mass of excited hole

h = Planckrsquos constant

Energy of photons emitted by QDs

Advanced Biomedical Engineering book edited by Gaetano D Gargiulo Co-editor Alistair McEwan ISBN 978-953-307-555-6

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 44

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optical properties of semiconductors

Schematic representation of the quantum

confinement effect on the energy level structure of

a semiconductor material

Celso de Mello Donegaacute Chem Soc Rev 40 1512-1546 (2011)

119886119887 = 120634119898

120699119886119887

ab =0053 nm ndash dielectric constant

m ndash electron mass

m ndash effective electron mass

Bohr radius for semiconductors

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 45

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Questions

Page 21: Fundamentals of Nanoelectronics: Basic Concepts

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 21

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

length scale transistor density

1 mm = 1m1000

1 mm = 1mm1000

1 nm = 1mm1000 Atomic distance lt 1 nm

1985 rarr 10 mm channel length

2010 rarr lt 100 nm

2015 rarr lt 20 nm

For the channel length of 20 nm size

of transisotr is 200 nm

3 cm

3 c

m

150000

15

00

00

109 times 25

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 22

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

length scaleelectronic transport

1 mm = 1m1000

1 mm = 1mm1000

1 nm = 1mm1000 Atomic distance lt 1 nm

S D Channel

Vo I

119933

119920=R

R determines OnOff state and is controlled by 3rd terminal

- + 1985 rarr 10 mm

2010 rarr lt 100 nm

2015 rarr lt 20 nm

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 23

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

length scaleelectronic transport

1 mm = 1m1000

1 mm = 1mm1000

1 nm = 1mm1000 Atomic distance lt 1 nm

1985 rarr 10 mm

2010 rarr lt 100 nm

2015 rarr lt 20 nm

S D

Channel

Vo I

e

e

- +

Diffusive transport

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 24

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

length scaleelectronic transport

1 mm = 1m1000

1 mm = 1mm1000

1 nm = 1mm1000 Atomic distance lt 1 nm

1985 rarr 10 mm

2010 rarr lt 100 nm

2015 rarr lt 20 nm

S D

Channel

Vo I

e

e

- +

Ballistic transport

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 25

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

length scale Ohms law

S D Channel

Vo I

R=r119923

119912 Lrarr 120782119929 rarr 120782119929 =

119945

119954120784=25kWfor ballistic transport

119933

119920=R

- +

~mm ~nm

S D Channel

L W

Vo I + -

119933

119920=R=

120646

119934119923 119933

119920=R=

120646

119934(119923 +119950119942119938119951119943119955119942119942119953119938119957119945)

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 26

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

length scale Ohms law

G Jo et al J Appl Phys 102 084508 (2007)

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 27

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Mobility

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 28

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

length scale mobility

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 29

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

length scale mobility

F Gaacutemiz 2004 Semicond Sci Technol 19 113

Ballistic transport

Diffusive transport

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 30

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

length scale mobility

Patrick S Goley and Mantu K Hudait Materials 2014 7(3) 2301-2339

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 31

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

GeOI for junctionless transistors

Xiao Yu et all ECS Solid State Lett 4 P15 (2015)

1014

1015

1019

0

100

200

300

400

500 Electron mobility

for 50 nm Ge

Mobili

ty c

m2V

s

Carrier concentration (cm-3)

SmartCut

GeOI

Epi-Ge

University of Tokyo PECVD+FLA

HZDR

20x1018

40x1018

60x1018

80x1018

10x1019

0

25

50

75

100

125

150

175

200

Carrier concentration (cm-3)

Mo

bili

ty c

m2V

s

PECVD+FLA

HZDREpi-Ge

University of Tokyo

SmartCut

GeOI

hole mobility

for 50 nm Ge

Preliminary data

Carrier mobility vs Carrier concentration in 50 nm thick Ge on insulator

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 32

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Downscaling

httpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=v2gDMj42sIM

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 33

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optoelectronic properties of semiconductors

Douglas J Paul Semicond Sci Technol 19 R75-R108 (2004)

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 34

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optoelectronic properties of semiconductors

IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTRON DEVICES VOL 55 NO 1 JANUARY 2008

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 35

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optical properties of semiconductors

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 36

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optical properties of semiconductors

(a) Direct-bandgap semiconductors such as GaAs InP and GaN (b) An indirect-bandgap semiconductor such as silicon or germanium

kne0 k=0

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 37

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optical properties of semiconductors

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 38

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optical properties of semiconductors

Jia-Zhi Chen et al Opt Mater Express 4 1178-1185 (2014)

Direct bandgap energies of unstrained Ge1minus xSnx alloys (a) and calculated band edges of the

various bands for pseudomorphic Ge1minus xSnx alloys on Ge as a function of Sn composition

Ge with direct bandgap

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 39

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optical properties of semiconductors

Schematic of the effect of quantum confinement on the electronic structure of a semiconductor The arrows indicate the lowest energy absorption transition (a) Bulk semiconductor CB = conduction band VB = valence band) (b) Three lowest electron (Enle ) and hole (Enlh ) energy levels in a quantum dot The corresponding wave functions are represented by dashed lines (c) Semiconductor nanocrystal (quantum dot)

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 40

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optical properties of semiconductors

(a) Three lowest electron (Enle ) and hole (Enlh ) energy levels in a semiconductor nanocrystal quantum dot The corresponding wave functions are represented by the dashed lines Allowed optical transitions are given by the arrows (b) Assignment of the transitions in the absorption spectrum of colloidal CdTe quantum dots

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 41

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optical properties of semiconductors

Eg= band gap energy of bulk semiconductor

R = radius of quantum dot

me= effective mass of excited electron

mh= effective mass of excited hole

h = Planckrsquos constant

Energy of photons emitted by QDs

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 42

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optical properties of semiconductors

Eg= band gap energy of bulk semiconductor

R = radius of quantum dot

me= effective mass of excited electron

mh= effective mass of excited hole

h = Planckrsquos constant

Energy of photons emitted by QDs

CdS QD

1 Experimental data

2 calculation

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 43

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optical properties of semiconductors

Eg= band gap energy of bulk semiconductor

R = radius of quantum dot

me= effective mass of excited electron

mh= effective mass of excited hole

h = Planckrsquos constant

Energy of photons emitted by QDs

Advanced Biomedical Engineering book edited by Gaetano D Gargiulo Co-editor Alistair McEwan ISBN 978-953-307-555-6

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 44

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optical properties of semiconductors

Schematic representation of the quantum

confinement effect on the energy level structure of

a semiconductor material

Celso de Mello Donegaacute Chem Soc Rev 40 1512-1546 (2011)

119886119887 = 120634119898

120699119886119887

ab =0053 nm ndash dielectric constant

m ndash electron mass

m ndash effective electron mass

Bohr radius for semiconductors

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 45

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Questions

Page 22: Fundamentals of Nanoelectronics: Basic Concepts

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 22

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

length scaleelectronic transport

1 mm = 1m1000

1 mm = 1mm1000

1 nm = 1mm1000 Atomic distance lt 1 nm

S D Channel

Vo I

119933

119920=R

R determines OnOff state and is controlled by 3rd terminal

- + 1985 rarr 10 mm

2010 rarr lt 100 nm

2015 rarr lt 20 nm

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 23

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

length scaleelectronic transport

1 mm = 1m1000

1 mm = 1mm1000

1 nm = 1mm1000 Atomic distance lt 1 nm

1985 rarr 10 mm

2010 rarr lt 100 nm

2015 rarr lt 20 nm

S D

Channel

Vo I

e

e

- +

Diffusive transport

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 24

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

length scaleelectronic transport

1 mm = 1m1000

1 mm = 1mm1000

1 nm = 1mm1000 Atomic distance lt 1 nm

1985 rarr 10 mm

2010 rarr lt 100 nm

2015 rarr lt 20 nm

S D

Channel

Vo I

e

e

- +

Ballistic transport

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 25

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

length scale Ohms law

S D Channel

Vo I

R=r119923

119912 Lrarr 120782119929 rarr 120782119929 =

119945

119954120784=25kWfor ballistic transport

119933

119920=R

- +

~mm ~nm

S D Channel

L W

Vo I + -

119933

119920=R=

120646

119934119923 119933

119920=R=

120646

119934(119923 +119950119942119938119951119943119955119942119942119953119938119957119945)

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 26

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

length scale Ohms law

G Jo et al J Appl Phys 102 084508 (2007)

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 27

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Mobility

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 28

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

length scale mobility

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 29

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

length scale mobility

F Gaacutemiz 2004 Semicond Sci Technol 19 113

Ballistic transport

Diffusive transport

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 30

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

length scale mobility

Patrick S Goley and Mantu K Hudait Materials 2014 7(3) 2301-2339

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 31

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

GeOI for junctionless transistors

Xiao Yu et all ECS Solid State Lett 4 P15 (2015)

1014

1015

1019

0

100

200

300

400

500 Electron mobility

for 50 nm Ge

Mobili

ty c

m2V

s

Carrier concentration (cm-3)

SmartCut

GeOI

Epi-Ge

University of Tokyo PECVD+FLA

HZDR

20x1018

40x1018

60x1018

80x1018

10x1019

0

25

50

75

100

125

150

175

200

Carrier concentration (cm-3)

Mo

bili

ty c

m2V

s

PECVD+FLA

HZDREpi-Ge

University of Tokyo

SmartCut

GeOI

hole mobility

for 50 nm Ge

Preliminary data

Carrier mobility vs Carrier concentration in 50 nm thick Ge on insulator

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 32

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Downscaling

httpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=v2gDMj42sIM

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 33

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optoelectronic properties of semiconductors

Douglas J Paul Semicond Sci Technol 19 R75-R108 (2004)

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 34

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optoelectronic properties of semiconductors

IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTRON DEVICES VOL 55 NO 1 JANUARY 2008

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 35

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optical properties of semiconductors

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 36

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optical properties of semiconductors

(a) Direct-bandgap semiconductors such as GaAs InP and GaN (b) An indirect-bandgap semiconductor such as silicon or germanium

kne0 k=0

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 37

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optical properties of semiconductors

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 38

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optical properties of semiconductors

Jia-Zhi Chen et al Opt Mater Express 4 1178-1185 (2014)

Direct bandgap energies of unstrained Ge1minus xSnx alloys (a) and calculated band edges of the

various bands for pseudomorphic Ge1minus xSnx alloys on Ge as a function of Sn composition

Ge with direct bandgap

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 39

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optical properties of semiconductors

Schematic of the effect of quantum confinement on the electronic structure of a semiconductor The arrows indicate the lowest energy absorption transition (a) Bulk semiconductor CB = conduction band VB = valence band) (b) Three lowest electron (Enle ) and hole (Enlh ) energy levels in a quantum dot The corresponding wave functions are represented by dashed lines (c) Semiconductor nanocrystal (quantum dot)

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 40

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optical properties of semiconductors

(a) Three lowest electron (Enle ) and hole (Enlh ) energy levels in a semiconductor nanocrystal quantum dot The corresponding wave functions are represented by the dashed lines Allowed optical transitions are given by the arrows (b) Assignment of the transitions in the absorption spectrum of colloidal CdTe quantum dots

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 41

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optical properties of semiconductors

Eg= band gap energy of bulk semiconductor

R = radius of quantum dot

me= effective mass of excited electron

mh= effective mass of excited hole

h = Planckrsquos constant

Energy of photons emitted by QDs

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 42

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optical properties of semiconductors

Eg= band gap energy of bulk semiconductor

R = radius of quantum dot

me= effective mass of excited electron

mh= effective mass of excited hole

h = Planckrsquos constant

Energy of photons emitted by QDs

CdS QD

1 Experimental data

2 calculation

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 43

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optical properties of semiconductors

Eg= band gap energy of bulk semiconductor

R = radius of quantum dot

me= effective mass of excited electron

mh= effective mass of excited hole

h = Planckrsquos constant

Energy of photons emitted by QDs

Advanced Biomedical Engineering book edited by Gaetano D Gargiulo Co-editor Alistair McEwan ISBN 978-953-307-555-6

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 44

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optical properties of semiconductors

Schematic representation of the quantum

confinement effect on the energy level structure of

a semiconductor material

Celso de Mello Donegaacute Chem Soc Rev 40 1512-1546 (2011)

119886119887 = 120634119898

120699119886119887

ab =0053 nm ndash dielectric constant

m ndash electron mass

m ndash effective electron mass

Bohr radius for semiconductors

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 45

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Questions

Page 23: Fundamentals of Nanoelectronics: Basic Concepts

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 23

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

length scaleelectronic transport

1 mm = 1m1000

1 mm = 1mm1000

1 nm = 1mm1000 Atomic distance lt 1 nm

1985 rarr 10 mm

2010 rarr lt 100 nm

2015 rarr lt 20 nm

S D

Channel

Vo I

e

e

- +

Diffusive transport

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 24

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

length scaleelectronic transport

1 mm = 1m1000

1 mm = 1mm1000

1 nm = 1mm1000 Atomic distance lt 1 nm

1985 rarr 10 mm

2010 rarr lt 100 nm

2015 rarr lt 20 nm

S D

Channel

Vo I

e

e

- +

Ballistic transport

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 25

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

length scale Ohms law

S D Channel

Vo I

R=r119923

119912 Lrarr 120782119929 rarr 120782119929 =

119945

119954120784=25kWfor ballistic transport

119933

119920=R

- +

~mm ~nm

S D Channel

L W

Vo I + -

119933

119920=R=

120646

119934119923 119933

119920=R=

120646

119934(119923 +119950119942119938119951119943119955119942119942119953119938119957119945)

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 26

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

length scale Ohms law

G Jo et al J Appl Phys 102 084508 (2007)

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 27

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Mobility

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 28

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

length scale mobility

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 29

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

length scale mobility

F Gaacutemiz 2004 Semicond Sci Technol 19 113

Ballistic transport

Diffusive transport

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 30

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

length scale mobility

Patrick S Goley and Mantu K Hudait Materials 2014 7(3) 2301-2339

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 31

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

GeOI for junctionless transistors

Xiao Yu et all ECS Solid State Lett 4 P15 (2015)

1014

1015

1019

0

100

200

300

400

500 Electron mobility

for 50 nm Ge

Mobili

ty c

m2V

s

Carrier concentration (cm-3)

SmartCut

GeOI

Epi-Ge

University of Tokyo PECVD+FLA

HZDR

20x1018

40x1018

60x1018

80x1018

10x1019

0

25

50

75

100

125

150

175

200

Carrier concentration (cm-3)

Mo

bili

ty c

m2V

s

PECVD+FLA

HZDREpi-Ge

University of Tokyo

SmartCut

GeOI

hole mobility

for 50 nm Ge

Preliminary data

Carrier mobility vs Carrier concentration in 50 nm thick Ge on insulator

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 32

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Downscaling

httpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=v2gDMj42sIM

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 33

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optoelectronic properties of semiconductors

Douglas J Paul Semicond Sci Technol 19 R75-R108 (2004)

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 34

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optoelectronic properties of semiconductors

IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTRON DEVICES VOL 55 NO 1 JANUARY 2008

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 35

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optical properties of semiconductors

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 36

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optical properties of semiconductors

(a) Direct-bandgap semiconductors such as GaAs InP and GaN (b) An indirect-bandgap semiconductor such as silicon or germanium

kne0 k=0

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 37

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optical properties of semiconductors

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 38

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optical properties of semiconductors

Jia-Zhi Chen et al Opt Mater Express 4 1178-1185 (2014)

Direct bandgap energies of unstrained Ge1minus xSnx alloys (a) and calculated band edges of the

various bands for pseudomorphic Ge1minus xSnx alloys on Ge as a function of Sn composition

Ge with direct bandgap

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 39

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optical properties of semiconductors

Schematic of the effect of quantum confinement on the electronic structure of a semiconductor The arrows indicate the lowest energy absorption transition (a) Bulk semiconductor CB = conduction band VB = valence band) (b) Three lowest electron (Enle ) and hole (Enlh ) energy levels in a quantum dot The corresponding wave functions are represented by dashed lines (c) Semiconductor nanocrystal (quantum dot)

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 40

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optical properties of semiconductors

(a) Three lowest electron (Enle ) and hole (Enlh ) energy levels in a semiconductor nanocrystal quantum dot The corresponding wave functions are represented by the dashed lines Allowed optical transitions are given by the arrows (b) Assignment of the transitions in the absorption spectrum of colloidal CdTe quantum dots

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 41

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optical properties of semiconductors

Eg= band gap energy of bulk semiconductor

R = radius of quantum dot

me= effective mass of excited electron

mh= effective mass of excited hole

h = Planckrsquos constant

Energy of photons emitted by QDs

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 42

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optical properties of semiconductors

Eg= band gap energy of bulk semiconductor

R = radius of quantum dot

me= effective mass of excited electron

mh= effective mass of excited hole

h = Planckrsquos constant

Energy of photons emitted by QDs

CdS QD

1 Experimental data

2 calculation

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 43

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optical properties of semiconductors

Eg= band gap energy of bulk semiconductor

R = radius of quantum dot

me= effective mass of excited electron

mh= effective mass of excited hole

h = Planckrsquos constant

Energy of photons emitted by QDs

Advanced Biomedical Engineering book edited by Gaetano D Gargiulo Co-editor Alistair McEwan ISBN 978-953-307-555-6

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 44

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optical properties of semiconductors

Schematic representation of the quantum

confinement effect on the energy level structure of

a semiconductor material

Celso de Mello Donegaacute Chem Soc Rev 40 1512-1546 (2011)

119886119887 = 120634119898

120699119886119887

ab =0053 nm ndash dielectric constant

m ndash electron mass

m ndash effective electron mass

Bohr radius for semiconductors

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 45

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Questions

Page 24: Fundamentals of Nanoelectronics: Basic Concepts

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 24

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

length scaleelectronic transport

1 mm = 1m1000

1 mm = 1mm1000

1 nm = 1mm1000 Atomic distance lt 1 nm

1985 rarr 10 mm

2010 rarr lt 100 nm

2015 rarr lt 20 nm

S D

Channel

Vo I

e

e

- +

Ballistic transport

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 25

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

length scale Ohms law

S D Channel

Vo I

R=r119923

119912 Lrarr 120782119929 rarr 120782119929 =

119945

119954120784=25kWfor ballistic transport

119933

119920=R

- +

~mm ~nm

S D Channel

L W

Vo I + -

119933

119920=R=

120646

119934119923 119933

119920=R=

120646

119934(119923 +119950119942119938119951119943119955119942119942119953119938119957119945)

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 26

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

length scale Ohms law

G Jo et al J Appl Phys 102 084508 (2007)

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 27

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Mobility

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 28

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

length scale mobility

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 29

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

length scale mobility

F Gaacutemiz 2004 Semicond Sci Technol 19 113

Ballistic transport

Diffusive transport

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 30

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

length scale mobility

Patrick S Goley and Mantu K Hudait Materials 2014 7(3) 2301-2339

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 31

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

GeOI for junctionless transistors

Xiao Yu et all ECS Solid State Lett 4 P15 (2015)

1014

1015

1019

0

100

200

300

400

500 Electron mobility

for 50 nm Ge

Mobili

ty c

m2V

s

Carrier concentration (cm-3)

SmartCut

GeOI

Epi-Ge

University of Tokyo PECVD+FLA

HZDR

20x1018

40x1018

60x1018

80x1018

10x1019

0

25

50

75

100

125

150

175

200

Carrier concentration (cm-3)

Mo

bili

ty c

m2V

s

PECVD+FLA

HZDREpi-Ge

University of Tokyo

SmartCut

GeOI

hole mobility

for 50 nm Ge

Preliminary data

Carrier mobility vs Carrier concentration in 50 nm thick Ge on insulator

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 32

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Downscaling

httpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=v2gDMj42sIM

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 33

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optoelectronic properties of semiconductors

Douglas J Paul Semicond Sci Technol 19 R75-R108 (2004)

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 34

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optoelectronic properties of semiconductors

IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTRON DEVICES VOL 55 NO 1 JANUARY 2008

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 35

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optical properties of semiconductors

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 36

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optical properties of semiconductors

(a) Direct-bandgap semiconductors such as GaAs InP and GaN (b) An indirect-bandgap semiconductor such as silicon or germanium

kne0 k=0

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 37

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optical properties of semiconductors

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 38

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optical properties of semiconductors

Jia-Zhi Chen et al Opt Mater Express 4 1178-1185 (2014)

Direct bandgap energies of unstrained Ge1minus xSnx alloys (a) and calculated band edges of the

various bands for pseudomorphic Ge1minus xSnx alloys on Ge as a function of Sn composition

Ge with direct bandgap

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 39

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optical properties of semiconductors

Schematic of the effect of quantum confinement on the electronic structure of a semiconductor The arrows indicate the lowest energy absorption transition (a) Bulk semiconductor CB = conduction band VB = valence band) (b) Three lowest electron (Enle ) and hole (Enlh ) energy levels in a quantum dot The corresponding wave functions are represented by dashed lines (c) Semiconductor nanocrystal (quantum dot)

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 40

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optical properties of semiconductors

(a) Three lowest electron (Enle ) and hole (Enlh ) energy levels in a semiconductor nanocrystal quantum dot The corresponding wave functions are represented by the dashed lines Allowed optical transitions are given by the arrows (b) Assignment of the transitions in the absorption spectrum of colloidal CdTe quantum dots

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 41

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optical properties of semiconductors

Eg= band gap energy of bulk semiconductor

R = radius of quantum dot

me= effective mass of excited electron

mh= effective mass of excited hole

h = Planckrsquos constant

Energy of photons emitted by QDs

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 42

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optical properties of semiconductors

Eg= band gap energy of bulk semiconductor

R = radius of quantum dot

me= effective mass of excited electron

mh= effective mass of excited hole

h = Planckrsquos constant

Energy of photons emitted by QDs

CdS QD

1 Experimental data

2 calculation

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 43

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optical properties of semiconductors

Eg= band gap energy of bulk semiconductor

R = radius of quantum dot

me= effective mass of excited electron

mh= effective mass of excited hole

h = Planckrsquos constant

Energy of photons emitted by QDs

Advanced Biomedical Engineering book edited by Gaetano D Gargiulo Co-editor Alistair McEwan ISBN 978-953-307-555-6

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 44

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optical properties of semiconductors

Schematic representation of the quantum

confinement effect on the energy level structure of

a semiconductor material

Celso de Mello Donegaacute Chem Soc Rev 40 1512-1546 (2011)

119886119887 = 120634119898

120699119886119887

ab =0053 nm ndash dielectric constant

m ndash electron mass

m ndash effective electron mass

Bohr radius for semiconductors

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 45

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Questions

Page 25: Fundamentals of Nanoelectronics: Basic Concepts

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 25

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

length scale Ohms law

S D Channel

Vo I

R=r119923

119912 Lrarr 120782119929 rarr 120782119929 =

119945

119954120784=25kWfor ballistic transport

119933

119920=R

- +

~mm ~nm

S D Channel

L W

Vo I + -

119933

119920=R=

120646

119934119923 119933

119920=R=

120646

119934(119923 +119950119942119938119951119943119955119942119942119953119938119957119945)

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 26

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

length scale Ohms law

G Jo et al J Appl Phys 102 084508 (2007)

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 27

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Mobility

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 28

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

length scale mobility

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 29

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

length scale mobility

F Gaacutemiz 2004 Semicond Sci Technol 19 113

Ballistic transport

Diffusive transport

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 30

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

length scale mobility

Patrick S Goley and Mantu K Hudait Materials 2014 7(3) 2301-2339

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 31

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

GeOI for junctionless transistors

Xiao Yu et all ECS Solid State Lett 4 P15 (2015)

1014

1015

1019

0

100

200

300

400

500 Electron mobility

for 50 nm Ge

Mobili

ty c

m2V

s

Carrier concentration (cm-3)

SmartCut

GeOI

Epi-Ge

University of Tokyo PECVD+FLA

HZDR

20x1018

40x1018

60x1018

80x1018

10x1019

0

25

50

75

100

125

150

175

200

Carrier concentration (cm-3)

Mo

bili

ty c

m2V

s

PECVD+FLA

HZDREpi-Ge

University of Tokyo

SmartCut

GeOI

hole mobility

for 50 nm Ge

Preliminary data

Carrier mobility vs Carrier concentration in 50 nm thick Ge on insulator

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 32

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Downscaling

httpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=v2gDMj42sIM

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 33

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optoelectronic properties of semiconductors

Douglas J Paul Semicond Sci Technol 19 R75-R108 (2004)

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 34

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optoelectronic properties of semiconductors

IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTRON DEVICES VOL 55 NO 1 JANUARY 2008

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 35

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optical properties of semiconductors

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 36

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optical properties of semiconductors

(a) Direct-bandgap semiconductors such as GaAs InP and GaN (b) An indirect-bandgap semiconductor such as silicon or germanium

kne0 k=0

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 37

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optical properties of semiconductors

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 38

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optical properties of semiconductors

Jia-Zhi Chen et al Opt Mater Express 4 1178-1185 (2014)

Direct bandgap energies of unstrained Ge1minus xSnx alloys (a) and calculated band edges of the

various bands for pseudomorphic Ge1minus xSnx alloys on Ge as a function of Sn composition

Ge with direct bandgap

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 39

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optical properties of semiconductors

Schematic of the effect of quantum confinement on the electronic structure of a semiconductor The arrows indicate the lowest energy absorption transition (a) Bulk semiconductor CB = conduction band VB = valence band) (b) Three lowest electron (Enle ) and hole (Enlh ) energy levels in a quantum dot The corresponding wave functions are represented by dashed lines (c) Semiconductor nanocrystal (quantum dot)

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 40

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optical properties of semiconductors

(a) Three lowest electron (Enle ) and hole (Enlh ) energy levels in a semiconductor nanocrystal quantum dot The corresponding wave functions are represented by the dashed lines Allowed optical transitions are given by the arrows (b) Assignment of the transitions in the absorption spectrum of colloidal CdTe quantum dots

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 41

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optical properties of semiconductors

Eg= band gap energy of bulk semiconductor

R = radius of quantum dot

me= effective mass of excited electron

mh= effective mass of excited hole

h = Planckrsquos constant

Energy of photons emitted by QDs

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 42

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optical properties of semiconductors

Eg= band gap energy of bulk semiconductor

R = radius of quantum dot

me= effective mass of excited electron

mh= effective mass of excited hole

h = Planckrsquos constant

Energy of photons emitted by QDs

CdS QD

1 Experimental data

2 calculation

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 43

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optical properties of semiconductors

Eg= band gap energy of bulk semiconductor

R = radius of quantum dot

me= effective mass of excited electron

mh= effective mass of excited hole

h = Planckrsquos constant

Energy of photons emitted by QDs

Advanced Biomedical Engineering book edited by Gaetano D Gargiulo Co-editor Alistair McEwan ISBN 978-953-307-555-6

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 44

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optical properties of semiconductors

Schematic representation of the quantum

confinement effect on the energy level structure of

a semiconductor material

Celso de Mello Donegaacute Chem Soc Rev 40 1512-1546 (2011)

119886119887 = 120634119898

120699119886119887

ab =0053 nm ndash dielectric constant

m ndash electron mass

m ndash effective electron mass

Bohr radius for semiconductors

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 45

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Questions

Page 26: Fundamentals of Nanoelectronics: Basic Concepts

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 26

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

length scale Ohms law

G Jo et al J Appl Phys 102 084508 (2007)

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 27

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Mobility

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 28

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

length scale mobility

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 29

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

length scale mobility

F Gaacutemiz 2004 Semicond Sci Technol 19 113

Ballistic transport

Diffusive transport

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 30

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

length scale mobility

Patrick S Goley and Mantu K Hudait Materials 2014 7(3) 2301-2339

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 31

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

GeOI for junctionless transistors

Xiao Yu et all ECS Solid State Lett 4 P15 (2015)

1014

1015

1019

0

100

200

300

400

500 Electron mobility

for 50 nm Ge

Mobili

ty c

m2V

s

Carrier concentration (cm-3)

SmartCut

GeOI

Epi-Ge

University of Tokyo PECVD+FLA

HZDR

20x1018

40x1018

60x1018

80x1018

10x1019

0

25

50

75

100

125

150

175

200

Carrier concentration (cm-3)

Mo

bili

ty c

m2V

s

PECVD+FLA

HZDREpi-Ge

University of Tokyo

SmartCut

GeOI

hole mobility

for 50 nm Ge

Preliminary data

Carrier mobility vs Carrier concentration in 50 nm thick Ge on insulator

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 32

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Downscaling

httpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=v2gDMj42sIM

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 33

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optoelectronic properties of semiconductors

Douglas J Paul Semicond Sci Technol 19 R75-R108 (2004)

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 34

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optoelectronic properties of semiconductors

IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTRON DEVICES VOL 55 NO 1 JANUARY 2008

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 35

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optical properties of semiconductors

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 36

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optical properties of semiconductors

(a) Direct-bandgap semiconductors such as GaAs InP and GaN (b) An indirect-bandgap semiconductor such as silicon or germanium

kne0 k=0

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 37

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optical properties of semiconductors

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 38

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optical properties of semiconductors

Jia-Zhi Chen et al Opt Mater Express 4 1178-1185 (2014)

Direct bandgap energies of unstrained Ge1minus xSnx alloys (a) and calculated band edges of the

various bands for pseudomorphic Ge1minus xSnx alloys on Ge as a function of Sn composition

Ge with direct bandgap

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 39

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optical properties of semiconductors

Schematic of the effect of quantum confinement on the electronic structure of a semiconductor The arrows indicate the lowest energy absorption transition (a) Bulk semiconductor CB = conduction band VB = valence band) (b) Three lowest electron (Enle ) and hole (Enlh ) energy levels in a quantum dot The corresponding wave functions are represented by dashed lines (c) Semiconductor nanocrystal (quantum dot)

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 40

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optical properties of semiconductors

(a) Three lowest electron (Enle ) and hole (Enlh ) energy levels in a semiconductor nanocrystal quantum dot The corresponding wave functions are represented by the dashed lines Allowed optical transitions are given by the arrows (b) Assignment of the transitions in the absorption spectrum of colloidal CdTe quantum dots

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 41

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optical properties of semiconductors

Eg= band gap energy of bulk semiconductor

R = radius of quantum dot

me= effective mass of excited electron

mh= effective mass of excited hole

h = Planckrsquos constant

Energy of photons emitted by QDs

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 42

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optical properties of semiconductors

Eg= band gap energy of bulk semiconductor

R = radius of quantum dot

me= effective mass of excited electron

mh= effective mass of excited hole

h = Planckrsquos constant

Energy of photons emitted by QDs

CdS QD

1 Experimental data

2 calculation

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 43

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optical properties of semiconductors

Eg= band gap energy of bulk semiconductor

R = radius of quantum dot

me= effective mass of excited electron

mh= effective mass of excited hole

h = Planckrsquos constant

Energy of photons emitted by QDs

Advanced Biomedical Engineering book edited by Gaetano D Gargiulo Co-editor Alistair McEwan ISBN 978-953-307-555-6

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 44

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optical properties of semiconductors

Schematic representation of the quantum

confinement effect on the energy level structure of

a semiconductor material

Celso de Mello Donegaacute Chem Soc Rev 40 1512-1546 (2011)

119886119887 = 120634119898

120699119886119887

ab =0053 nm ndash dielectric constant

m ndash electron mass

m ndash effective electron mass

Bohr radius for semiconductors

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 45

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Questions

Page 27: Fundamentals of Nanoelectronics: Basic Concepts

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 27

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Mobility

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 28

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

length scale mobility

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 29

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

length scale mobility

F Gaacutemiz 2004 Semicond Sci Technol 19 113

Ballistic transport

Diffusive transport

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 30

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

length scale mobility

Patrick S Goley and Mantu K Hudait Materials 2014 7(3) 2301-2339

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 31

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

GeOI for junctionless transistors

Xiao Yu et all ECS Solid State Lett 4 P15 (2015)

1014

1015

1019

0

100

200

300

400

500 Electron mobility

for 50 nm Ge

Mobili

ty c

m2V

s

Carrier concentration (cm-3)

SmartCut

GeOI

Epi-Ge

University of Tokyo PECVD+FLA

HZDR

20x1018

40x1018

60x1018

80x1018

10x1019

0

25

50

75

100

125

150

175

200

Carrier concentration (cm-3)

Mo

bili

ty c

m2V

s

PECVD+FLA

HZDREpi-Ge

University of Tokyo

SmartCut

GeOI

hole mobility

for 50 nm Ge

Preliminary data

Carrier mobility vs Carrier concentration in 50 nm thick Ge on insulator

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 32

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Downscaling

httpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=v2gDMj42sIM

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 33

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optoelectronic properties of semiconductors

Douglas J Paul Semicond Sci Technol 19 R75-R108 (2004)

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 34

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optoelectronic properties of semiconductors

IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTRON DEVICES VOL 55 NO 1 JANUARY 2008

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 35

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optical properties of semiconductors

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 36

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optical properties of semiconductors

(a) Direct-bandgap semiconductors such as GaAs InP and GaN (b) An indirect-bandgap semiconductor such as silicon or germanium

kne0 k=0

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 37

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optical properties of semiconductors

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 38

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optical properties of semiconductors

Jia-Zhi Chen et al Opt Mater Express 4 1178-1185 (2014)

Direct bandgap energies of unstrained Ge1minus xSnx alloys (a) and calculated band edges of the

various bands for pseudomorphic Ge1minus xSnx alloys on Ge as a function of Sn composition

Ge with direct bandgap

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 39

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optical properties of semiconductors

Schematic of the effect of quantum confinement on the electronic structure of a semiconductor The arrows indicate the lowest energy absorption transition (a) Bulk semiconductor CB = conduction band VB = valence band) (b) Three lowest electron (Enle ) and hole (Enlh ) energy levels in a quantum dot The corresponding wave functions are represented by dashed lines (c) Semiconductor nanocrystal (quantum dot)

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 40

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optical properties of semiconductors

(a) Three lowest electron (Enle ) and hole (Enlh ) energy levels in a semiconductor nanocrystal quantum dot The corresponding wave functions are represented by the dashed lines Allowed optical transitions are given by the arrows (b) Assignment of the transitions in the absorption spectrum of colloidal CdTe quantum dots

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 41

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optical properties of semiconductors

Eg= band gap energy of bulk semiconductor

R = radius of quantum dot

me= effective mass of excited electron

mh= effective mass of excited hole

h = Planckrsquos constant

Energy of photons emitted by QDs

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 42

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optical properties of semiconductors

Eg= band gap energy of bulk semiconductor

R = radius of quantum dot

me= effective mass of excited electron

mh= effective mass of excited hole

h = Planckrsquos constant

Energy of photons emitted by QDs

CdS QD

1 Experimental data

2 calculation

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 43

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optical properties of semiconductors

Eg= band gap energy of bulk semiconductor

R = radius of quantum dot

me= effective mass of excited electron

mh= effective mass of excited hole

h = Planckrsquos constant

Energy of photons emitted by QDs

Advanced Biomedical Engineering book edited by Gaetano D Gargiulo Co-editor Alistair McEwan ISBN 978-953-307-555-6

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 44

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optical properties of semiconductors

Schematic representation of the quantum

confinement effect on the energy level structure of

a semiconductor material

Celso de Mello Donegaacute Chem Soc Rev 40 1512-1546 (2011)

119886119887 = 120634119898

120699119886119887

ab =0053 nm ndash dielectric constant

m ndash electron mass

m ndash effective electron mass

Bohr radius for semiconductors

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 45

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Questions

Page 28: Fundamentals of Nanoelectronics: Basic Concepts

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 28

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

length scale mobility

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 29

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

length scale mobility

F Gaacutemiz 2004 Semicond Sci Technol 19 113

Ballistic transport

Diffusive transport

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 30

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

length scale mobility

Patrick S Goley and Mantu K Hudait Materials 2014 7(3) 2301-2339

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 31

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

GeOI for junctionless transistors

Xiao Yu et all ECS Solid State Lett 4 P15 (2015)

1014

1015

1019

0

100

200

300

400

500 Electron mobility

for 50 nm Ge

Mobili

ty c

m2V

s

Carrier concentration (cm-3)

SmartCut

GeOI

Epi-Ge

University of Tokyo PECVD+FLA

HZDR

20x1018

40x1018

60x1018

80x1018

10x1019

0

25

50

75

100

125

150

175

200

Carrier concentration (cm-3)

Mo

bili

ty c

m2V

s

PECVD+FLA

HZDREpi-Ge

University of Tokyo

SmartCut

GeOI

hole mobility

for 50 nm Ge

Preliminary data

Carrier mobility vs Carrier concentration in 50 nm thick Ge on insulator

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 32

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Downscaling

httpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=v2gDMj42sIM

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 33

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optoelectronic properties of semiconductors

Douglas J Paul Semicond Sci Technol 19 R75-R108 (2004)

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 34

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optoelectronic properties of semiconductors

IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTRON DEVICES VOL 55 NO 1 JANUARY 2008

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 35

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optical properties of semiconductors

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 36

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optical properties of semiconductors

(a) Direct-bandgap semiconductors such as GaAs InP and GaN (b) An indirect-bandgap semiconductor such as silicon or germanium

kne0 k=0

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 37

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optical properties of semiconductors

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 38

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optical properties of semiconductors

Jia-Zhi Chen et al Opt Mater Express 4 1178-1185 (2014)

Direct bandgap energies of unstrained Ge1minus xSnx alloys (a) and calculated band edges of the

various bands for pseudomorphic Ge1minus xSnx alloys on Ge as a function of Sn composition

Ge with direct bandgap

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 39

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optical properties of semiconductors

Schematic of the effect of quantum confinement on the electronic structure of a semiconductor The arrows indicate the lowest energy absorption transition (a) Bulk semiconductor CB = conduction band VB = valence band) (b) Three lowest electron (Enle ) and hole (Enlh ) energy levels in a quantum dot The corresponding wave functions are represented by dashed lines (c) Semiconductor nanocrystal (quantum dot)

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 40

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optical properties of semiconductors

(a) Three lowest electron (Enle ) and hole (Enlh ) energy levels in a semiconductor nanocrystal quantum dot The corresponding wave functions are represented by the dashed lines Allowed optical transitions are given by the arrows (b) Assignment of the transitions in the absorption spectrum of colloidal CdTe quantum dots

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 41

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optical properties of semiconductors

Eg= band gap energy of bulk semiconductor

R = radius of quantum dot

me= effective mass of excited electron

mh= effective mass of excited hole

h = Planckrsquos constant

Energy of photons emitted by QDs

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 42

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optical properties of semiconductors

Eg= band gap energy of bulk semiconductor

R = radius of quantum dot

me= effective mass of excited electron

mh= effective mass of excited hole

h = Planckrsquos constant

Energy of photons emitted by QDs

CdS QD

1 Experimental data

2 calculation

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 43

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optical properties of semiconductors

Eg= band gap energy of bulk semiconductor

R = radius of quantum dot

me= effective mass of excited electron

mh= effective mass of excited hole

h = Planckrsquos constant

Energy of photons emitted by QDs

Advanced Biomedical Engineering book edited by Gaetano D Gargiulo Co-editor Alistair McEwan ISBN 978-953-307-555-6

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 44

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optical properties of semiconductors

Schematic representation of the quantum

confinement effect on the energy level structure of

a semiconductor material

Celso de Mello Donegaacute Chem Soc Rev 40 1512-1546 (2011)

119886119887 = 120634119898

120699119886119887

ab =0053 nm ndash dielectric constant

m ndash electron mass

m ndash effective electron mass

Bohr radius for semiconductors

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 45

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Questions

Page 29: Fundamentals of Nanoelectronics: Basic Concepts

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 29

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

length scale mobility

F Gaacutemiz 2004 Semicond Sci Technol 19 113

Ballistic transport

Diffusive transport

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 30

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

length scale mobility

Patrick S Goley and Mantu K Hudait Materials 2014 7(3) 2301-2339

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 31

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

GeOI for junctionless transistors

Xiao Yu et all ECS Solid State Lett 4 P15 (2015)

1014

1015

1019

0

100

200

300

400

500 Electron mobility

for 50 nm Ge

Mobili

ty c

m2V

s

Carrier concentration (cm-3)

SmartCut

GeOI

Epi-Ge

University of Tokyo PECVD+FLA

HZDR

20x1018

40x1018

60x1018

80x1018

10x1019

0

25

50

75

100

125

150

175

200

Carrier concentration (cm-3)

Mo

bili

ty c

m2V

s

PECVD+FLA

HZDREpi-Ge

University of Tokyo

SmartCut

GeOI

hole mobility

for 50 nm Ge

Preliminary data

Carrier mobility vs Carrier concentration in 50 nm thick Ge on insulator

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 32

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Downscaling

httpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=v2gDMj42sIM

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 33

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optoelectronic properties of semiconductors

Douglas J Paul Semicond Sci Technol 19 R75-R108 (2004)

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 34

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optoelectronic properties of semiconductors

IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTRON DEVICES VOL 55 NO 1 JANUARY 2008

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 35

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optical properties of semiconductors

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 36

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optical properties of semiconductors

(a) Direct-bandgap semiconductors such as GaAs InP and GaN (b) An indirect-bandgap semiconductor such as silicon or germanium

kne0 k=0

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 37

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optical properties of semiconductors

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 38

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optical properties of semiconductors

Jia-Zhi Chen et al Opt Mater Express 4 1178-1185 (2014)

Direct bandgap energies of unstrained Ge1minus xSnx alloys (a) and calculated band edges of the

various bands for pseudomorphic Ge1minus xSnx alloys on Ge as a function of Sn composition

Ge with direct bandgap

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 39

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optical properties of semiconductors

Schematic of the effect of quantum confinement on the electronic structure of a semiconductor The arrows indicate the lowest energy absorption transition (a) Bulk semiconductor CB = conduction band VB = valence band) (b) Three lowest electron (Enle ) and hole (Enlh ) energy levels in a quantum dot The corresponding wave functions are represented by dashed lines (c) Semiconductor nanocrystal (quantum dot)

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 40

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optical properties of semiconductors

(a) Three lowest electron (Enle ) and hole (Enlh ) energy levels in a semiconductor nanocrystal quantum dot The corresponding wave functions are represented by the dashed lines Allowed optical transitions are given by the arrows (b) Assignment of the transitions in the absorption spectrum of colloidal CdTe quantum dots

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 41

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optical properties of semiconductors

Eg= band gap energy of bulk semiconductor

R = radius of quantum dot

me= effective mass of excited electron

mh= effective mass of excited hole

h = Planckrsquos constant

Energy of photons emitted by QDs

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 42

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optical properties of semiconductors

Eg= band gap energy of bulk semiconductor

R = radius of quantum dot

me= effective mass of excited electron

mh= effective mass of excited hole

h = Planckrsquos constant

Energy of photons emitted by QDs

CdS QD

1 Experimental data

2 calculation

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 43

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optical properties of semiconductors

Eg= band gap energy of bulk semiconductor

R = radius of quantum dot

me= effective mass of excited electron

mh= effective mass of excited hole

h = Planckrsquos constant

Energy of photons emitted by QDs

Advanced Biomedical Engineering book edited by Gaetano D Gargiulo Co-editor Alistair McEwan ISBN 978-953-307-555-6

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 44

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optical properties of semiconductors

Schematic representation of the quantum

confinement effect on the energy level structure of

a semiconductor material

Celso de Mello Donegaacute Chem Soc Rev 40 1512-1546 (2011)

119886119887 = 120634119898

120699119886119887

ab =0053 nm ndash dielectric constant

m ndash electron mass

m ndash effective electron mass

Bohr radius for semiconductors

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 45

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Questions

Page 30: Fundamentals of Nanoelectronics: Basic Concepts

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 30

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

length scale mobility

Patrick S Goley and Mantu K Hudait Materials 2014 7(3) 2301-2339

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 31

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

GeOI for junctionless transistors

Xiao Yu et all ECS Solid State Lett 4 P15 (2015)

1014

1015

1019

0

100

200

300

400

500 Electron mobility

for 50 nm Ge

Mobili

ty c

m2V

s

Carrier concentration (cm-3)

SmartCut

GeOI

Epi-Ge

University of Tokyo PECVD+FLA

HZDR

20x1018

40x1018

60x1018

80x1018

10x1019

0

25

50

75

100

125

150

175

200

Carrier concentration (cm-3)

Mo

bili

ty c

m2V

s

PECVD+FLA

HZDREpi-Ge

University of Tokyo

SmartCut

GeOI

hole mobility

for 50 nm Ge

Preliminary data

Carrier mobility vs Carrier concentration in 50 nm thick Ge on insulator

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 32

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Downscaling

httpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=v2gDMj42sIM

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 33

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optoelectronic properties of semiconductors

Douglas J Paul Semicond Sci Technol 19 R75-R108 (2004)

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 34

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optoelectronic properties of semiconductors

IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTRON DEVICES VOL 55 NO 1 JANUARY 2008

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 35

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optical properties of semiconductors

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 36

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optical properties of semiconductors

(a) Direct-bandgap semiconductors such as GaAs InP and GaN (b) An indirect-bandgap semiconductor such as silicon or germanium

kne0 k=0

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 37

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optical properties of semiconductors

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 38

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optical properties of semiconductors

Jia-Zhi Chen et al Opt Mater Express 4 1178-1185 (2014)

Direct bandgap energies of unstrained Ge1minus xSnx alloys (a) and calculated band edges of the

various bands for pseudomorphic Ge1minus xSnx alloys on Ge as a function of Sn composition

Ge with direct bandgap

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 39

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optical properties of semiconductors

Schematic of the effect of quantum confinement on the electronic structure of a semiconductor The arrows indicate the lowest energy absorption transition (a) Bulk semiconductor CB = conduction band VB = valence band) (b) Three lowest electron (Enle ) and hole (Enlh ) energy levels in a quantum dot The corresponding wave functions are represented by dashed lines (c) Semiconductor nanocrystal (quantum dot)

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 40

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optical properties of semiconductors

(a) Three lowest electron (Enle ) and hole (Enlh ) energy levels in a semiconductor nanocrystal quantum dot The corresponding wave functions are represented by the dashed lines Allowed optical transitions are given by the arrows (b) Assignment of the transitions in the absorption spectrum of colloidal CdTe quantum dots

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 41

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optical properties of semiconductors

Eg= band gap energy of bulk semiconductor

R = radius of quantum dot

me= effective mass of excited electron

mh= effective mass of excited hole

h = Planckrsquos constant

Energy of photons emitted by QDs

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 42

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optical properties of semiconductors

Eg= band gap energy of bulk semiconductor

R = radius of quantum dot

me= effective mass of excited electron

mh= effective mass of excited hole

h = Planckrsquos constant

Energy of photons emitted by QDs

CdS QD

1 Experimental data

2 calculation

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 43

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optical properties of semiconductors

Eg= band gap energy of bulk semiconductor

R = radius of quantum dot

me= effective mass of excited electron

mh= effective mass of excited hole

h = Planckrsquos constant

Energy of photons emitted by QDs

Advanced Biomedical Engineering book edited by Gaetano D Gargiulo Co-editor Alistair McEwan ISBN 978-953-307-555-6

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 44

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optical properties of semiconductors

Schematic representation of the quantum

confinement effect on the energy level structure of

a semiconductor material

Celso de Mello Donegaacute Chem Soc Rev 40 1512-1546 (2011)

119886119887 = 120634119898

120699119886119887

ab =0053 nm ndash dielectric constant

m ndash electron mass

m ndash effective electron mass

Bohr radius for semiconductors

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 45

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Questions

Page 31: Fundamentals of Nanoelectronics: Basic Concepts

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 31

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

GeOI for junctionless transistors

Xiao Yu et all ECS Solid State Lett 4 P15 (2015)

1014

1015

1019

0

100

200

300

400

500 Electron mobility

for 50 nm Ge

Mobili

ty c

m2V

s

Carrier concentration (cm-3)

SmartCut

GeOI

Epi-Ge

University of Tokyo PECVD+FLA

HZDR

20x1018

40x1018

60x1018

80x1018

10x1019

0

25

50

75

100

125

150

175

200

Carrier concentration (cm-3)

Mo

bili

ty c

m2V

s

PECVD+FLA

HZDREpi-Ge

University of Tokyo

SmartCut

GeOI

hole mobility

for 50 nm Ge

Preliminary data

Carrier mobility vs Carrier concentration in 50 nm thick Ge on insulator

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 32

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Downscaling

httpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=v2gDMj42sIM

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 33

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optoelectronic properties of semiconductors

Douglas J Paul Semicond Sci Technol 19 R75-R108 (2004)

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 34

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optoelectronic properties of semiconductors

IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTRON DEVICES VOL 55 NO 1 JANUARY 2008

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 35

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optical properties of semiconductors

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 36

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optical properties of semiconductors

(a) Direct-bandgap semiconductors such as GaAs InP and GaN (b) An indirect-bandgap semiconductor such as silicon or germanium

kne0 k=0

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 37

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optical properties of semiconductors

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 38

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optical properties of semiconductors

Jia-Zhi Chen et al Opt Mater Express 4 1178-1185 (2014)

Direct bandgap energies of unstrained Ge1minus xSnx alloys (a) and calculated band edges of the

various bands for pseudomorphic Ge1minus xSnx alloys on Ge as a function of Sn composition

Ge with direct bandgap

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 39

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optical properties of semiconductors

Schematic of the effect of quantum confinement on the electronic structure of a semiconductor The arrows indicate the lowest energy absorption transition (a) Bulk semiconductor CB = conduction band VB = valence band) (b) Three lowest electron (Enle ) and hole (Enlh ) energy levels in a quantum dot The corresponding wave functions are represented by dashed lines (c) Semiconductor nanocrystal (quantum dot)

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 40

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optical properties of semiconductors

(a) Three lowest electron (Enle ) and hole (Enlh ) energy levels in a semiconductor nanocrystal quantum dot The corresponding wave functions are represented by the dashed lines Allowed optical transitions are given by the arrows (b) Assignment of the transitions in the absorption spectrum of colloidal CdTe quantum dots

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 41

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optical properties of semiconductors

Eg= band gap energy of bulk semiconductor

R = radius of quantum dot

me= effective mass of excited electron

mh= effective mass of excited hole

h = Planckrsquos constant

Energy of photons emitted by QDs

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 42

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optical properties of semiconductors

Eg= band gap energy of bulk semiconductor

R = radius of quantum dot

me= effective mass of excited electron

mh= effective mass of excited hole

h = Planckrsquos constant

Energy of photons emitted by QDs

CdS QD

1 Experimental data

2 calculation

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 43

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optical properties of semiconductors

Eg= band gap energy of bulk semiconductor

R = radius of quantum dot

me= effective mass of excited electron

mh= effective mass of excited hole

h = Planckrsquos constant

Energy of photons emitted by QDs

Advanced Biomedical Engineering book edited by Gaetano D Gargiulo Co-editor Alistair McEwan ISBN 978-953-307-555-6

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 44

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optical properties of semiconductors

Schematic representation of the quantum

confinement effect on the energy level structure of

a semiconductor material

Celso de Mello Donegaacute Chem Soc Rev 40 1512-1546 (2011)

119886119887 = 120634119898

120699119886119887

ab =0053 nm ndash dielectric constant

m ndash electron mass

m ndash effective electron mass

Bohr radius for semiconductors

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 45

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Questions

Page 32: Fundamentals of Nanoelectronics: Basic Concepts

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 32

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Downscaling

httpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=v2gDMj42sIM

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 33

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optoelectronic properties of semiconductors

Douglas J Paul Semicond Sci Technol 19 R75-R108 (2004)

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 34

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optoelectronic properties of semiconductors

IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTRON DEVICES VOL 55 NO 1 JANUARY 2008

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 35

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optical properties of semiconductors

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 36

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optical properties of semiconductors

(a) Direct-bandgap semiconductors such as GaAs InP and GaN (b) An indirect-bandgap semiconductor such as silicon or germanium

kne0 k=0

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 37

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optical properties of semiconductors

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 38

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optical properties of semiconductors

Jia-Zhi Chen et al Opt Mater Express 4 1178-1185 (2014)

Direct bandgap energies of unstrained Ge1minus xSnx alloys (a) and calculated band edges of the

various bands for pseudomorphic Ge1minus xSnx alloys on Ge as a function of Sn composition

Ge with direct bandgap

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 39

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optical properties of semiconductors

Schematic of the effect of quantum confinement on the electronic structure of a semiconductor The arrows indicate the lowest energy absorption transition (a) Bulk semiconductor CB = conduction band VB = valence band) (b) Three lowest electron (Enle ) and hole (Enlh ) energy levels in a quantum dot The corresponding wave functions are represented by dashed lines (c) Semiconductor nanocrystal (quantum dot)

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 40

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optical properties of semiconductors

(a) Three lowest electron (Enle ) and hole (Enlh ) energy levels in a semiconductor nanocrystal quantum dot The corresponding wave functions are represented by the dashed lines Allowed optical transitions are given by the arrows (b) Assignment of the transitions in the absorption spectrum of colloidal CdTe quantum dots

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 41

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optical properties of semiconductors

Eg= band gap energy of bulk semiconductor

R = radius of quantum dot

me= effective mass of excited electron

mh= effective mass of excited hole

h = Planckrsquos constant

Energy of photons emitted by QDs

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 42

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optical properties of semiconductors

Eg= band gap energy of bulk semiconductor

R = radius of quantum dot

me= effective mass of excited electron

mh= effective mass of excited hole

h = Planckrsquos constant

Energy of photons emitted by QDs

CdS QD

1 Experimental data

2 calculation

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 43

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optical properties of semiconductors

Eg= band gap energy of bulk semiconductor

R = radius of quantum dot

me= effective mass of excited electron

mh= effective mass of excited hole

h = Planckrsquos constant

Energy of photons emitted by QDs

Advanced Biomedical Engineering book edited by Gaetano D Gargiulo Co-editor Alistair McEwan ISBN 978-953-307-555-6

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 44

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optical properties of semiconductors

Schematic representation of the quantum

confinement effect on the energy level structure of

a semiconductor material

Celso de Mello Donegaacute Chem Soc Rev 40 1512-1546 (2011)

119886119887 = 120634119898

120699119886119887

ab =0053 nm ndash dielectric constant

m ndash electron mass

m ndash effective electron mass

Bohr radius for semiconductors

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 45

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Questions

Page 33: Fundamentals of Nanoelectronics: Basic Concepts

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 33

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optoelectronic properties of semiconductors

Douglas J Paul Semicond Sci Technol 19 R75-R108 (2004)

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 34

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optoelectronic properties of semiconductors

IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTRON DEVICES VOL 55 NO 1 JANUARY 2008

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 35

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optical properties of semiconductors

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 36

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optical properties of semiconductors

(a) Direct-bandgap semiconductors such as GaAs InP and GaN (b) An indirect-bandgap semiconductor such as silicon or germanium

kne0 k=0

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 37

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optical properties of semiconductors

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 38

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optical properties of semiconductors

Jia-Zhi Chen et al Opt Mater Express 4 1178-1185 (2014)

Direct bandgap energies of unstrained Ge1minus xSnx alloys (a) and calculated band edges of the

various bands for pseudomorphic Ge1minus xSnx alloys on Ge as a function of Sn composition

Ge with direct bandgap

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 39

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optical properties of semiconductors

Schematic of the effect of quantum confinement on the electronic structure of a semiconductor The arrows indicate the lowest energy absorption transition (a) Bulk semiconductor CB = conduction band VB = valence band) (b) Three lowest electron (Enle ) and hole (Enlh ) energy levels in a quantum dot The corresponding wave functions are represented by dashed lines (c) Semiconductor nanocrystal (quantum dot)

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 40

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optical properties of semiconductors

(a) Three lowest electron (Enle ) and hole (Enlh ) energy levels in a semiconductor nanocrystal quantum dot The corresponding wave functions are represented by the dashed lines Allowed optical transitions are given by the arrows (b) Assignment of the transitions in the absorption spectrum of colloidal CdTe quantum dots

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 41

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optical properties of semiconductors

Eg= band gap energy of bulk semiconductor

R = radius of quantum dot

me= effective mass of excited electron

mh= effective mass of excited hole

h = Planckrsquos constant

Energy of photons emitted by QDs

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 42

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optical properties of semiconductors

Eg= band gap energy of bulk semiconductor

R = radius of quantum dot

me= effective mass of excited electron

mh= effective mass of excited hole

h = Planckrsquos constant

Energy of photons emitted by QDs

CdS QD

1 Experimental data

2 calculation

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 43

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optical properties of semiconductors

Eg= band gap energy of bulk semiconductor

R = radius of quantum dot

me= effective mass of excited electron

mh= effective mass of excited hole

h = Planckrsquos constant

Energy of photons emitted by QDs

Advanced Biomedical Engineering book edited by Gaetano D Gargiulo Co-editor Alistair McEwan ISBN 978-953-307-555-6

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 44

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optical properties of semiconductors

Schematic representation of the quantum

confinement effect on the energy level structure of

a semiconductor material

Celso de Mello Donegaacute Chem Soc Rev 40 1512-1546 (2011)

119886119887 = 120634119898

120699119886119887

ab =0053 nm ndash dielectric constant

m ndash electron mass

m ndash effective electron mass

Bohr radius for semiconductors

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 45

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Questions

Page 34: Fundamentals of Nanoelectronics: Basic Concepts

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 34

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optoelectronic properties of semiconductors

IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTRON DEVICES VOL 55 NO 1 JANUARY 2008

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 35

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optical properties of semiconductors

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 36

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optical properties of semiconductors

(a) Direct-bandgap semiconductors such as GaAs InP and GaN (b) An indirect-bandgap semiconductor such as silicon or germanium

kne0 k=0

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 37

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optical properties of semiconductors

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 38

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optical properties of semiconductors

Jia-Zhi Chen et al Opt Mater Express 4 1178-1185 (2014)

Direct bandgap energies of unstrained Ge1minus xSnx alloys (a) and calculated band edges of the

various bands for pseudomorphic Ge1minus xSnx alloys on Ge as a function of Sn composition

Ge with direct bandgap

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 39

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optical properties of semiconductors

Schematic of the effect of quantum confinement on the electronic structure of a semiconductor The arrows indicate the lowest energy absorption transition (a) Bulk semiconductor CB = conduction band VB = valence band) (b) Three lowest electron (Enle ) and hole (Enlh ) energy levels in a quantum dot The corresponding wave functions are represented by dashed lines (c) Semiconductor nanocrystal (quantum dot)

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 40

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optical properties of semiconductors

(a) Three lowest electron (Enle ) and hole (Enlh ) energy levels in a semiconductor nanocrystal quantum dot The corresponding wave functions are represented by the dashed lines Allowed optical transitions are given by the arrows (b) Assignment of the transitions in the absorption spectrum of colloidal CdTe quantum dots

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 41

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optical properties of semiconductors

Eg= band gap energy of bulk semiconductor

R = radius of quantum dot

me= effective mass of excited electron

mh= effective mass of excited hole

h = Planckrsquos constant

Energy of photons emitted by QDs

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 42

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optical properties of semiconductors

Eg= band gap energy of bulk semiconductor

R = radius of quantum dot

me= effective mass of excited electron

mh= effective mass of excited hole

h = Planckrsquos constant

Energy of photons emitted by QDs

CdS QD

1 Experimental data

2 calculation

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 43

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optical properties of semiconductors

Eg= band gap energy of bulk semiconductor

R = radius of quantum dot

me= effective mass of excited electron

mh= effective mass of excited hole

h = Planckrsquos constant

Energy of photons emitted by QDs

Advanced Biomedical Engineering book edited by Gaetano D Gargiulo Co-editor Alistair McEwan ISBN 978-953-307-555-6

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 44

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optical properties of semiconductors

Schematic representation of the quantum

confinement effect on the energy level structure of

a semiconductor material

Celso de Mello Donegaacute Chem Soc Rev 40 1512-1546 (2011)

119886119887 = 120634119898

120699119886119887

ab =0053 nm ndash dielectric constant

m ndash electron mass

m ndash effective electron mass

Bohr radius for semiconductors

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 45

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Questions

Page 35: Fundamentals of Nanoelectronics: Basic Concepts

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 35

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optical properties of semiconductors

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 36

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optical properties of semiconductors

(a) Direct-bandgap semiconductors such as GaAs InP and GaN (b) An indirect-bandgap semiconductor such as silicon or germanium

kne0 k=0

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 37

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optical properties of semiconductors

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 38

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optical properties of semiconductors

Jia-Zhi Chen et al Opt Mater Express 4 1178-1185 (2014)

Direct bandgap energies of unstrained Ge1minus xSnx alloys (a) and calculated band edges of the

various bands for pseudomorphic Ge1minus xSnx alloys on Ge as a function of Sn composition

Ge with direct bandgap

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 39

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optical properties of semiconductors

Schematic of the effect of quantum confinement on the electronic structure of a semiconductor The arrows indicate the lowest energy absorption transition (a) Bulk semiconductor CB = conduction band VB = valence band) (b) Three lowest electron (Enle ) and hole (Enlh ) energy levels in a quantum dot The corresponding wave functions are represented by dashed lines (c) Semiconductor nanocrystal (quantum dot)

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 40

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optical properties of semiconductors

(a) Three lowest electron (Enle ) and hole (Enlh ) energy levels in a semiconductor nanocrystal quantum dot The corresponding wave functions are represented by the dashed lines Allowed optical transitions are given by the arrows (b) Assignment of the transitions in the absorption spectrum of colloidal CdTe quantum dots

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 41

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optical properties of semiconductors

Eg= band gap energy of bulk semiconductor

R = radius of quantum dot

me= effective mass of excited electron

mh= effective mass of excited hole

h = Planckrsquos constant

Energy of photons emitted by QDs

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 42

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optical properties of semiconductors

Eg= band gap energy of bulk semiconductor

R = radius of quantum dot

me= effective mass of excited electron

mh= effective mass of excited hole

h = Planckrsquos constant

Energy of photons emitted by QDs

CdS QD

1 Experimental data

2 calculation

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 43

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optical properties of semiconductors

Eg= band gap energy of bulk semiconductor

R = radius of quantum dot

me= effective mass of excited electron

mh= effective mass of excited hole

h = Planckrsquos constant

Energy of photons emitted by QDs

Advanced Biomedical Engineering book edited by Gaetano D Gargiulo Co-editor Alistair McEwan ISBN 978-953-307-555-6

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 44

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optical properties of semiconductors

Schematic representation of the quantum

confinement effect on the energy level structure of

a semiconductor material

Celso de Mello Donegaacute Chem Soc Rev 40 1512-1546 (2011)

119886119887 = 120634119898

120699119886119887

ab =0053 nm ndash dielectric constant

m ndash electron mass

m ndash effective electron mass

Bohr radius for semiconductors

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 45

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Questions

Page 36: Fundamentals of Nanoelectronics: Basic Concepts

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 36

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optical properties of semiconductors

(a) Direct-bandgap semiconductors such as GaAs InP and GaN (b) An indirect-bandgap semiconductor such as silicon or germanium

kne0 k=0

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 37

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optical properties of semiconductors

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 38

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optical properties of semiconductors

Jia-Zhi Chen et al Opt Mater Express 4 1178-1185 (2014)

Direct bandgap energies of unstrained Ge1minus xSnx alloys (a) and calculated band edges of the

various bands for pseudomorphic Ge1minus xSnx alloys on Ge as a function of Sn composition

Ge with direct bandgap

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 39

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optical properties of semiconductors

Schematic of the effect of quantum confinement on the electronic structure of a semiconductor The arrows indicate the lowest energy absorption transition (a) Bulk semiconductor CB = conduction band VB = valence band) (b) Three lowest electron (Enle ) and hole (Enlh ) energy levels in a quantum dot The corresponding wave functions are represented by dashed lines (c) Semiconductor nanocrystal (quantum dot)

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 40

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optical properties of semiconductors

(a) Three lowest electron (Enle ) and hole (Enlh ) energy levels in a semiconductor nanocrystal quantum dot The corresponding wave functions are represented by the dashed lines Allowed optical transitions are given by the arrows (b) Assignment of the transitions in the absorption spectrum of colloidal CdTe quantum dots

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 41

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optical properties of semiconductors

Eg= band gap energy of bulk semiconductor

R = radius of quantum dot

me= effective mass of excited electron

mh= effective mass of excited hole

h = Planckrsquos constant

Energy of photons emitted by QDs

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 42

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optical properties of semiconductors

Eg= band gap energy of bulk semiconductor

R = radius of quantum dot

me= effective mass of excited electron

mh= effective mass of excited hole

h = Planckrsquos constant

Energy of photons emitted by QDs

CdS QD

1 Experimental data

2 calculation

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 43

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optical properties of semiconductors

Eg= band gap energy of bulk semiconductor

R = radius of quantum dot

me= effective mass of excited electron

mh= effective mass of excited hole

h = Planckrsquos constant

Energy of photons emitted by QDs

Advanced Biomedical Engineering book edited by Gaetano D Gargiulo Co-editor Alistair McEwan ISBN 978-953-307-555-6

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 44

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optical properties of semiconductors

Schematic representation of the quantum

confinement effect on the energy level structure of

a semiconductor material

Celso de Mello Donegaacute Chem Soc Rev 40 1512-1546 (2011)

119886119887 = 120634119898

120699119886119887

ab =0053 nm ndash dielectric constant

m ndash electron mass

m ndash effective electron mass

Bohr radius for semiconductors

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 45

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Questions

Page 37: Fundamentals of Nanoelectronics: Basic Concepts

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 37

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optical properties of semiconductors

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 38

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optical properties of semiconductors

Jia-Zhi Chen et al Opt Mater Express 4 1178-1185 (2014)

Direct bandgap energies of unstrained Ge1minus xSnx alloys (a) and calculated band edges of the

various bands for pseudomorphic Ge1minus xSnx alloys on Ge as a function of Sn composition

Ge with direct bandgap

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 39

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optical properties of semiconductors

Schematic of the effect of quantum confinement on the electronic structure of a semiconductor The arrows indicate the lowest energy absorption transition (a) Bulk semiconductor CB = conduction band VB = valence band) (b) Three lowest electron (Enle ) and hole (Enlh ) energy levels in a quantum dot The corresponding wave functions are represented by dashed lines (c) Semiconductor nanocrystal (quantum dot)

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 40

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optical properties of semiconductors

(a) Three lowest electron (Enle ) and hole (Enlh ) energy levels in a semiconductor nanocrystal quantum dot The corresponding wave functions are represented by the dashed lines Allowed optical transitions are given by the arrows (b) Assignment of the transitions in the absorption spectrum of colloidal CdTe quantum dots

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 41

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optical properties of semiconductors

Eg= band gap energy of bulk semiconductor

R = radius of quantum dot

me= effective mass of excited electron

mh= effective mass of excited hole

h = Planckrsquos constant

Energy of photons emitted by QDs

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 42

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optical properties of semiconductors

Eg= band gap energy of bulk semiconductor

R = radius of quantum dot

me= effective mass of excited electron

mh= effective mass of excited hole

h = Planckrsquos constant

Energy of photons emitted by QDs

CdS QD

1 Experimental data

2 calculation

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 43

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optical properties of semiconductors

Eg= band gap energy of bulk semiconductor

R = radius of quantum dot

me= effective mass of excited electron

mh= effective mass of excited hole

h = Planckrsquos constant

Energy of photons emitted by QDs

Advanced Biomedical Engineering book edited by Gaetano D Gargiulo Co-editor Alistair McEwan ISBN 978-953-307-555-6

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 44

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optical properties of semiconductors

Schematic representation of the quantum

confinement effect on the energy level structure of

a semiconductor material

Celso de Mello Donegaacute Chem Soc Rev 40 1512-1546 (2011)

119886119887 = 120634119898

120699119886119887

ab =0053 nm ndash dielectric constant

m ndash electron mass

m ndash effective electron mass

Bohr radius for semiconductors

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 45

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Questions

Page 38: Fundamentals of Nanoelectronics: Basic Concepts

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 38

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optical properties of semiconductors

Jia-Zhi Chen et al Opt Mater Express 4 1178-1185 (2014)

Direct bandgap energies of unstrained Ge1minus xSnx alloys (a) and calculated band edges of the

various bands for pseudomorphic Ge1minus xSnx alloys on Ge as a function of Sn composition

Ge with direct bandgap

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 39

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optical properties of semiconductors

Schematic of the effect of quantum confinement on the electronic structure of a semiconductor The arrows indicate the lowest energy absorption transition (a) Bulk semiconductor CB = conduction band VB = valence band) (b) Three lowest electron (Enle ) and hole (Enlh ) energy levels in a quantum dot The corresponding wave functions are represented by dashed lines (c) Semiconductor nanocrystal (quantum dot)

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 40

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optical properties of semiconductors

(a) Three lowest electron (Enle ) and hole (Enlh ) energy levels in a semiconductor nanocrystal quantum dot The corresponding wave functions are represented by the dashed lines Allowed optical transitions are given by the arrows (b) Assignment of the transitions in the absorption spectrum of colloidal CdTe quantum dots

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 41

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optical properties of semiconductors

Eg= band gap energy of bulk semiconductor

R = radius of quantum dot

me= effective mass of excited electron

mh= effective mass of excited hole

h = Planckrsquos constant

Energy of photons emitted by QDs

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 42

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optical properties of semiconductors

Eg= band gap energy of bulk semiconductor

R = radius of quantum dot

me= effective mass of excited electron

mh= effective mass of excited hole

h = Planckrsquos constant

Energy of photons emitted by QDs

CdS QD

1 Experimental data

2 calculation

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 43

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optical properties of semiconductors

Eg= band gap energy of bulk semiconductor

R = radius of quantum dot

me= effective mass of excited electron

mh= effective mass of excited hole

h = Planckrsquos constant

Energy of photons emitted by QDs

Advanced Biomedical Engineering book edited by Gaetano D Gargiulo Co-editor Alistair McEwan ISBN 978-953-307-555-6

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 44

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optical properties of semiconductors

Schematic representation of the quantum

confinement effect on the energy level structure of

a semiconductor material

Celso de Mello Donegaacute Chem Soc Rev 40 1512-1546 (2011)

119886119887 = 120634119898

120699119886119887

ab =0053 nm ndash dielectric constant

m ndash electron mass

m ndash effective electron mass

Bohr radius for semiconductors

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 45

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Questions

Page 39: Fundamentals of Nanoelectronics: Basic Concepts

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 39

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optical properties of semiconductors

Schematic of the effect of quantum confinement on the electronic structure of a semiconductor The arrows indicate the lowest energy absorption transition (a) Bulk semiconductor CB = conduction band VB = valence band) (b) Three lowest electron (Enle ) and hole (Enlh ) energy levels in a quantum dot The corresponding wave functions are represented by dashed lines (c) Semiconductor nanocrystal (quantum dot)

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 40

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optical properties of semiconductors

(a) Three lowest electron (Enle ) and hole (Enlh ) energy levels in a semiconductor nanocrystal quantum dot The corresponding wave functions are represented by the dashed lines Allowed optical transitions are given by the arrows (b) Assignment of the transitions in the absorption spectrum of colloidal CdTe quantum dots

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 41

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optical properties of semiconductors

Eg= band gap energy of bulk semiconductor

R = radius of quantum dot

me= effective mass of excited electron

mh= effective mass of excited hole

h = Planckrsquos constant

Energy of photons emitted by QDs

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 42

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optical properties of semiconductors

Eg= band gap energy of bulk semiconductor

R = radius of quantum dot

me= effective mass of excited electron

mh= effective mass of excited hole

h = Planckrsquos constant

Energy of photons emitted by QDs

CdS QD

1 Experimental data

2 calculation

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 43

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optical properties of semiconductors

Eg= band gap energy of bulk semiconductor

R = radius of quantum dot

me= effective mass of excited electron

mh= effective mass of excited hole

h = Planckrsquos constant

Energy of photons emitted by QDs

Advanced Biomedical Engineering book edited by Gaetano D Gargiulo Co-editor Alistair McEwan ISBN 978-953-307-555-6

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 44

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optical properties of semiconductors

Schematic representation of the quantum

confinement effect on the energy level structure of

a semiconductor material

Celso de Mello Donegaacute Chem Soc Rev 40 1512-1546 (2011)

119886119887 = 120634119898

120699119886119887

ab =0053 nm ndash dielectric constant

m ndash electron mass

m ndash effective electron mass

Bohr radius for semiconductors

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 45

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Questions

Page 40: Fundamentals of Nanoelectronics: Basic Concepts

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 40

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optical properties of semiconductors

(a) Three lowest electron (Enle ) and hole (Enlh ) energy levels in a semiconductor nanocrystal quantum dot The corresponding wave functions are represented by the dashed lines Allowed optical transitions are given by the arrows (b) Assignment of the transitions in the absorption spectrum of colloidal CdTe quantum dots

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 41

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optical properties of semiconductors

Eg= band gap energy of bulk semiconductor

R = radius of quantum dot

me= effective mass of excited electron

mh= effective mass of excited hole

h = Planckrsquos constant

Energy of photons emitted by QDs

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 42

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optical properties of semiconductors

Eg= band gap energy of bulk semiconductor

R = radius of quantum dot

me= effective mass of excited electron

mh= effective mass of excited hole

h = Planckrsquos constant

Energy of photons emitted by QDs

CdS QD

1 Experimental data

2 calculation

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 43

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optical properties of semiconductors

Eg= band gap energy of bulk semiconductor

R = radius of quantum dot

me= effective mass of excited electron

mh= effective mass of excited hole

h = Planckrsquos constant

Energy of photons emitted by QDs

Advanced Biomedical Engineering book edited by Gaetano D Gargiulo Co-editor Alistair McEwan ISBN 978-953-307-555-6

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 44

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optical properties of semiconductors

Schematic representation of the quantum

confinement effect on the energy level structure of

a semiconductor material

Celso de Mello Donegaacute Chem Soc Rev 40 1512-1546 (2011)

119886119887 = 120634119898

120699119886119887

ab =0053 nm ndash dielectric constant

m ndash electron mass

m ndash effective electron mass

Bohr radius for semiconductors

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 45

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Questions

Page 41: Fundamentals of Nanoelectronics: Basic Concepts

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 41

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optical properties of semiconductors

Eg= band gap energy of bulk semiconductor

R = radius of quantum dot

me= effective mass of excited electron

mh= effective mass of excited hole

h = Planckrsquos constant

Energy of photons emitted by QDs

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 42

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optical properties of semiconductors

Eg= band gap energy of bulk semiconductor

R = radius of quantum dot

me= effective mass of excited electron

mh= effective mass of excited hole

h = Planckrsquos constant

Energy of photons emitted by QDs

CdS QD

1 Experimental data

2 calculation

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 43

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optical properties of semiconductors

Eg= band gap energy of bulk semiconductor

R = radius of quantum dot

me= effective mass of excited electron

mh= effective mass of excited hole

h = Planckrsquos constant

Energy of photons emitted by QDs

Advanced Biomedical Engineering book edited by Gaetano D Gargiulo Co-editor Alistair McEwan ISBN 978-953-307-555-6

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 44

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optical properties of semiconductors

Schematic representation of the quantum

confinement effect on the energy level structure of

a semiconductor material

Celso de Mello Donegaacute Chem Soc Rev 40 1512-1546 (2011)

119886119887 = 120634119898

120699119886119887

ab =0053 nm ndash dielectric constant

m ndash electron mass

m ndash effective electron mass

Bohr radius for semiconductors

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 45

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Questions

Page 42: Fundamentals of Nanoelectronics: Basic Concepts

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 42

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optical properties of semiconductors

Eg= band gap energy of bulk semiconductor

R = radius of quantum dot

me= effective mass of excited electron

mh= effective mass of excited hole

h = Planckrsquos constant

Energy of photons emitted by QDs

CdS QD

1 Experimental data

2 calculation

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 43

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optical properties of semiconductors

Eg= band gap energy of bulk semiconductor

R = radius of quantum dot

me= effective mass of excited electron

mh= effective mass of excited hole

h = Planckrsquos constant

Energy of photons emitted by QDs

Advanced Biomedical Engineering book edited by Gaetano D Gargiulo Co-editor Alistair McEwan ISBN 978-953-307-555-6

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 44

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optical properties of semiconductors

Schematic representation of the quantum

confinement effect on the energy level structure of

a semiconductor material

Celso de Mello Donegaacute Chem Soc Rev 40 1512-1546 (2011)

119886119887 = 120634119898

120699119886119887

ab =0053 nm ndash dielectric constant

m ndash electron mass

m ndash effective electron mass

Bohr radius for semiconductors

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 45

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Questions

Page 43: Fundamentals of Nanoelectronics: Basic Concepts

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 43

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optical properties of semiconductors

Eg= band gap energy of bulk semiconductor

R = radius of quantum dot

me= effective mass of excited electron

mh= effective mass of excited hole

h = Planckrsquos constant

Energy of photons emitted by QDs

Advanced Biomedical Engineering book edited by Gaetano D Gargiulo Co-editor Alistair McEwan ISBN 978-953-307-555-6

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 44

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optical properties of semiconductors

Schematic representation of the quantum

confinement effect on the energy level structure of

a semiconductor material

Celso de Mello Donegaacute Chem Soc Rev 40 1512-1546 (2011)

119886119887 = 120634119898

120699119886119887

ab =0053 nm ndash dielectric constant

m ndash electron mass

m ndash effective electron mass

Bohr radius for semiconductors

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 45

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Questions

Page 44: Fundamentals of Nanoelectronics: Basic Concepts

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 44

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Optical properties of semiconductors

Schematic representation of the quantum

confinement effect on the energy level structure of

a semiconductor material

Celso de Mello Donegaacute Chem Soc Rev 40 1512-1546 (2011)

119886119887 = 120634119898

120699119886119887

ab =0053 nm ndash dielectric constant

m ndash electron mass

m ndash effective electron mass

Bohr radius for semiconductors

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 45

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Questions

Page 45: Fundamentals of Nanoelectronics: Basic Concepts

Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 45

Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014

Questions