fundamentals of nanoelectronics: basic concepts
TRANSCRIPT
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 1
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Fundamentals of
Nanoelectronics
Basic Concepts
Sławomir Prucnal
FWIM
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 2
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Outline
bull Introduction
bull Electronics in nanoscale
ndash Transport
ndash Ohms law
bull Optoelectronic properties of
semiconductors
bull Optics in nanoscale
ndash Band gap
ndash Quantum confinement effect
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 3
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
httpdownloadintelcomnewsroomkitschipmakingpdfsSand-to-Silicon_22nm-Versionpdf
Silicon wafer
Photolithography
Ion implantation
Etching
Temporary Gate
Formation
metalization
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 4
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Introduction
NEAR-TERM 2013-2020 Scaling of Si CMOS - Implementation of fully depleted SOI
Implementation of high-mobility CMOS channel materials
httpwwwitrsnetLinks2013ITRSHome2013htm
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 5
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Introduction
From Wikipedia
SmartCut
SIMOX process
SOI
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 6
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Introduction
(Source Synopsys)
httpwwwgoogledeimgresimgurl=httpwwwtechdesignforumscompracticefiles201305tdf-snpspvff-fdsoi-3lrgjpgampimgrefurl=http wwwtechdesignforumscompractice techniquephysical-verification-design-finfet-fd-soi amph=532ampw=980amptbnid=bG2T-9aazoPmjMamptbnh=90amptbnw=166ampusg=__3fSXT57run64yrsHWP2cDxmXjfs=ampdocid=9ZIFDJ9SQcwv AMampsa=Xampved=0CEAQ9QEwBWoVChMIrqu3kfrAxwIVw7kUCh3DKQn5
Silicon wafer
httpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=ZvQMC7qL2B8
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 7
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Introduction
(Source Synopsys)
httpwwwgoogledeimgresimgurl=httpwwwtechdesignforumscompracticefiles201305tdf-snpspvff-fdsoi-3lrgjpgampimgrefurl=http wwwtechdesignforumscompractice techniquephysical-verification-design-finfet-fd-soi amph=532ampw=980amptbnid=bG2T-9aazoPmjMamptbnh=90amptbnw=166ampusg=__3fSXT57run64yrsHWP2cDxmXjfs=ampdocid=9ZIFDJ9SQcwv AMampsa=Xampved=0CEAQ9QEwBWoVChMIrqu3kfrAxwIVw7kUCh3DKQn5
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 8
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Introduction
Benefits Challanges
reduction in power consumption (~50 over 32nm)
Very restrictive design options
Faster switching speed Fin width variability and edge quality leads to variability in threshold voltage VT
Availability of strain engineering Extra manufacturing complexity and expense
The main manufacturing challenges for finFETs (above 20 nm) are - controlling the etch along the edges - uniform doping of 3D surfaces - Deposition of all the films used in the gate stack
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 9
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
The top silicon layer is typically between 50 and 90 nmthick Silicon under the channel is partially depleted of mobile charge carriers
The top silicon layer is between 5 and 20 nm thick typically frac14 of the gate length Silicon under the gate is fully depleted of mobile charge carriers There is no floating body effect
Fully depleted silicon-on-insulator FD-SOI vs PD-SOI
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 10
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
10
Benefits Challanges
Significant reduction in power consumption below 11 nm
High cost of initial wafers
Faster switching speed Variability in VT due to variations in the thickness of silicon thin-film
Easier standard manufacturing process No strain engineering possible
Availability of back-biasing to control VT
No doping variability
Fully depleted silicon-on-insulator FD-SOI (below 14 nm)
Introduction
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 11
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Introduction
NEAR-TERM 2013-2020 Scaling of Si CMOS - Implementation of fully depleted SOI
Implementation of high-mobility CMOS channel materials
LONG-TERM 2021-2028 Implementation of advanced multi-gate structuresmdash ultra-thin
body multi-gate MOSFETs
httpwwwitrsnetLinks2013ITRSHome2013htm
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 12
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Multi-gate structures
httpwwwgoogledeimgresimgurl=http3A2F2Fwwwfz-juelichde2FSharedDocs2FBilder2FPGI2FPGI-92FEN2FForschung2FNanowires2FMultigatMOSFET jpg253F __blob253Dnormalampimgrefurl=http3A2F2Fwwwfz-juelichde2Fpgi2Fpgi-92FDE2FForschung2F05-Si-Nano-MOSFET2F01-Multigate2520nanowire2F_nodehtmlamph= 336ampw=600amptbnid=4kA-VMzzxXDUlM3Aampdocid=ZqBKi7JKfbji2Mampei=OrjaVbjkF4n0ULaHjdAEamptbm=ischampiact=rcampuact=3ampdur=2146amppage=1ampstart=0ampndsp=30ampved=0CHQQrQMw GmoVChMIuOnjrIrBxwIVCToUCh22QwNK
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Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
httpwwwsecgovArchivesedgardata937966000119312514331751g784347page_012jpg
Multi-gate structures
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 14
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Hybrid 1D and 3D nanostructures
AFM topography of annealed and etched
sample
Room temperature semi-logarithmic I-V
characteristic of n-InAsp-Si heterojunction
Prucnal et al Nanolett 11 2814 (2011)
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 15
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
InAs
Hybrid 1D and 3D nanostructures
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 16
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Hybrid 1D and 3D nanostructures
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 17
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
GeOI for junctionless transistors
00 05 10 15 2010
-11
10-10
10-9
10-8
50x50x3000 nm
H x W x L
Cu
rre
nt (A
)
Voltage (V)
100 nm Ge
50 nm Ge
100x100x3000 nm
H x W x L
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 18
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Electronic transport
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 19
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
length scale transistor density
1 mm = 1m1000
1 mm = 1mm1000
1 nm = 1mm1000 Atomic distance lt 1 nm
1985 rarr 10 mm channel length
2010 rarr lt 100 nm
2015 rarr lt 20 nm
For the channel length of 10 mm size
of transisotr is 100 mm
3 cm
3 c
m
300
300
105
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 20
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
length scale transistor density
1 mm = 1m1000
1 mm = 1mm1000
1 nm = 1mm1000 Atomic distance lt 1 nm
1985 rarr 10 mm channel length
2010 rarr lt 100 nm
2015 rarr lt 20 nm
For the channel length of 100 nm size
of transisotr is 1 mm
3 cm
3 c
m
30000
30000
109
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 21
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
length scale transistor density
1 mm = 1m1000
1 mm = 1mm1000
1 nm = 1mm1000 Atomic distance lt 1 nm
1985 rarr 10 mm channel length
2010 rarr lt 100 nm
2015 rarr lt 20 nm
For the channel length of 20 nm size
of transisotr is 200 nm
3 cm
3 c
m
150000
15
00
00
109 times 25
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 22
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
length scaleelectronic transport
1 mm = 1m1000
1 mm = 1mm1000
1 nm = 1mm1000 Atomic distance lt 1 nm
S D Channel
Vo I
119933
119920=R
R determines OnOff state and is controlled by 3rd terminal
- + 1985 rarr 10 mm
2010 rarr lt 100 nm
2015 rarr lt 20 nm
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 23
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
length scaleelectronic transport
1 mm = 1m1000
1 mm = 1mm1000
1 nm = 1mm1000 Atomic distance lt 1 nm
1985 rarr 10 mm
2010 rarr lt 100 nm
2015 rarr lt 20 nm
S D
Channel
Vo I
e
e
- +
Diffusive transport
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 24
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
length scaleelectronic transport
1 mm = 1m1000
1 mm = 1mm1000
1 nm = 1mm1000 Atomic distance lt 1 nm
1985 rarr 10 mm
2010 rarr lt 100 nm
2015 rarr lt 20 nm
S D
Channel
Vo I
e
e
- +
Ballistic transport
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 25
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
length scale Ohms law
S D Channel
Vo I
R=r119923
119912 Lrarr 120782119929 rarr 120782119929 =
119945
119954120784=25kWfor ballistic transport
119933
119920=R
- +
~mm ~nm
S D Channel
L W
Vo I + -
119933
119920=R=
120646
119934119923 119933
119920=R=
120646
119934(119923 +119950119942119938119951119943119955119942119942119953119938119957119945)
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length scale Ohms law
G Jo et al J Appl Phys 102 084508 (2007)
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Mobility
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length scale mobility
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length scale mobility
F Gaacutemiz 2004 Semicond Sci Technol 19 113
Ballistic transport
Diffusive transport
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length scale mobility
Patrick S Goley and Mantu K Hudait Materials 2014 7(3) 2301-2339
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GeOI for junctionless transistors
Xiao Yu et all ECS Solid State Lett 4 P15 (2015)
1014
1015
1019
0
100
200
300
400
500 Electron mobility
for 50 nm Ge
Mobili
ty c
m2V
s
Carrier concentration (cm-3)
SmartCut
GeOI
Epi-Ge
University of Tokyo PECVD+FLA
HZDR
20x1018
40x1018
60x1018
80x1018
10x1019
0
25
50
75
100
125
150
175
200
Carrier concentration (cm-3)
Mo
bili
ty c
m2V
s
PECVD+FLA
HZDREpi-Ge
University of Tokyo
SmartCut
GeOI
hole mobility
for 50 nm Ge
Preliminary data
Carrier mobility vs Carrier concentration in 50 nm thick Ge on insulator
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Downscaling
httpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=v2gDMj42sIM
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Optoelectronic properties of semiconductors
Douglas J Paul Semicond Sci Technol 19 R75-R108 (2004)
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Optoelectronic properties of semiconductors
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTRON DEVICES VOL 55 NO 1 JANUARY 2008
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Optical properties of semiconductors
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Optical properties of semiconductors
(a) Direct-bandgap semiconductors such as GaAs InP and GaN (b) An indirect-bandgap semiconductor such as silicon or germanium
kne0 k=0
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Optical properties of semiconductors
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Optical properties of semiconductors
Jia-Zhi Chen et al Opt Mater Express 4 1178-1185 (2014)
Direct bandgap energies of unstrained Ge1minus xSnx alloys (a) and calculated band edges of the
various bands for pseudomorphic Ge1minus xSnx alloys on Ge as a function of Sn composition
Ge with direct bandgap
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Optical properties of semiconductors
Schematic of the effect of quantum confinement on the electronic structure of a semiconductor The arrows indicate the lowest energy absorption transition (a) Bulk semiconductor CB = conduction band VB = valence band) (b) Three lowest electron (Enle ) and hole (Enlh ) energy levels in a quantum dot The corresponding wave functions are represented by dashed lines (c) Semiconductor nanocrystal (quantum dot)
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Optical properties of semiconductors
(a) Three lowest electron (Enle ) and hole (Enlh ) energy levels in a semiconductor nanocrystal quantum dot The corresponding wave functions are represented by the dashed lines Allowed optical transitions are given by the arrows (b) Assignment of the transitions in the absorption spectrum of colloidal CdTe quantum dots
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Optical properties of semiconductors
Eg= band gap energy of bulk semiconductor
R = radius of quantum dot
me= effective mass of excited electron
mh= effective mass of excited hole
h = Planckrsquos constant
Energy of photons emitted by QDs
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 42
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optical properties of semiconductors
Eg= band gap energy of bulk semiconductor
R = radius of quantum dot
me= effective mass of excited electron
mh= effective mass of excited hole
h = Planckrsquos constant
Energy of photons emitted by QDs
CdS QD
1 Experimental data
2 calculation
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 43
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optical properties of semiconductors
Eg= band gap energy of bulk semiconductor
R = radius of quantum dot
me= effective mass of excited electron
mh= effective mass of excited hole
h = Planckrsquos constant
Energy of photons emitted by QDs
Advanced Biomedical Engineering book edited by Gaetano D Gargiulo Co-editor Alistair McEwan ISBN 978-953-307-555-6
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 44
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Optical properties of semiconductors
Schematic representation of the quantum
confinement effect on the energy level structure of
a semiconductor material
Celso de Mello Donegaacute Chem Soc Rev 40 1512-1546 (2011)
119886119887 = 120634119898
120699119886119887
ab =0053 nm ndash dielectric constant
m ndash electron mass
m ndash effective electron mass
Bohr radius for semiconductors
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 45
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Questions
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 2
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Outline
bull Introduction
bull Electronics in nanoscale
ndash Transport
ndash Ohms law
bull Optoelectronic properties of
semiconductors
bull Optics in nanoscale
ndash Band gap
ndash Quantum confinement effect
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 3
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
httpdownloadintelcomnewsroomkitschipmakingpdfsSand-to-Silicon_22nm-Versionpdf
Silicon wafer
Photolithography
Ion implantation
Etching
Temporary Gate
Formation
metalization
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 4
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Introduction
NEAR-TERM 2013-2020 Scaling of Si CMOS - Implementation of fully depleted SOI
Implementation of high-mobility CMOS channel materials
httpwwwitrsnetLinks2013ITRSHome2013htm
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 5
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Introduction
From Wikipedia
SmartCut
SIMOX process
SOI
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 6
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Introduction
(Source Synopsys)
httpwwwgoogledeimgresimgurl=httpwwwtechdesignforumscompracticefiles201305tdf-snpspvff-fdsoi-3lrgjpgampimgrefurl=http wwwtechdesignforumscompractice techniquephysical-verification-design-finfet-fd-soi amph=532ampw=980amptbnid=bG2T-9aazoPmjMamptbnh=90amptbnw=166ampusg=__3fSXT57run64yrsHWP2cDxmXjfs=ampdocid=9ZIFDJ9SQcwv AMampsa=Xampved=0CEAQ9QEwBWoVChMIrqu3kfrAxwIVw7kUCh3DKQn5
Silicon wafer
httpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=ZvQMC7qL2B8
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 7
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Introduction
(Source Synopsys)
httpwwwgoogledeimgresimgurl=httpwwwtechdesignforumscompracticefiles201305tdf-snpspvff-fdsoi-3lrgjpgampimgrefurl=http wwwtechdesignforumscompractice techniquephysical-verification-design-finfet-fd-soi amph=532ampw=980amptbnid=bG2T-9aazoPmjMamptbnh=90amptbnw=166ampusg=__3fSXT57run64yrsHWP2cDxmXjfs=ampdocid=9ZIFDJ9SQcwv AMampsa=Xampved=0CEAQ9QEwBWoVChMIrqu3kfrAxwIVw7kUCh3DKQn5
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 8
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Introduction
Benefits Challanges
reduction in power consumption (~50 over 32nm)
Very restrictive design options
Faster switching speed Fin width variability and edge quality leads to variability in threshold voltage VT
Availability of strain engineering Extra manufacturing complexity and expense
The main manufacturing challenges for finFETs (above 20 nm) are - controlling the etch along the edges - uniform doping of 3D surfaces - Deposition of all the films used in the gate stack
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 9
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
The top silicon layer is typically between 50 and 90 nmthick Silicon under the channel is partially depleted of mobile charge carriers
The top silicon layer is between 5 and 20 nm thick typically frac14 of the gate length Silicon under the gate is fully depleted of mobile charge carriers There is no floating body effect
Fully depleted silicon-on-insulator FD-SOI vs PD-SOI
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 10
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
10
Benefits Challanges
Significant reduction in power consumption below 11 nm
High cost of initial wafers
Faster switching speed Variability in VT due to variations in the thickness of silicon thin-film
Easier standard manufacturing process No strain engineering possible
Availability of back-biasing to control VT
No doping variability
Fully depleted silicon-on-insulator FD-SOI (below 14 nm)
Introduction
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 11
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Introduction
NEAR-TERM 2013-2020 Scaling of Si CMOS - Implementation of fully depleted SOI
Implementation of high-mobility CMOS channel materials
LONG-TERM 2021-2028 Implementation of advanced multi-gate structuresmdash ultra-thin
body multi-gate MOSFETs
httpwwwitrsnetLinks2013ITRSHome2013htm
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 12
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Multi-gate structures
httpwwwgoogledeimgresimgurl=http3A2F2Fwwwfz-juelichde2FSharedDocs2FBilder2FPGI2FPGI-92FEN2FForschung2FNanowires2FMultigatMOSFET jpg253F __blob253Dnormalampimgrefurl=http3A2F2Fwwwfz-juelichde2Fpgi2Fpgi-92FDE2FForschung2F05-Si-Nano-MOSFET2F01-Multigate2520nanowire2F_nodehtmlamph= 336ampw=600amptbnid=4kA-VMzzxXDUlM3Aampdocid=ZqBKi7JKfbji2Mampei=OrjaVbjkF4n0ULaHjdAEamptbm=ischampiact=rcampuact=3ampdur=2146amppage=1ampstart=0ampndsp=30ampved=0CHQQrQMw GmoVChMIuOnjrIrBxwIVCToUCh22QwNK
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 13
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
httpwwwsecgovArchivesedgardata937966000119312514331751g784347page_012jpg
Multi-gate structures
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 14
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Hybrid 1D and 3D nanostructures
AFM topography of annealed and etched
sample
Room temperature semi-logarithmic I-V
characteristic of n-InAsp-Si heterojunction
Prucnal et al Nanolett 11 2814 (2011)
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 15
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
InAs
Hybrid 1D and 3D nanostructures
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 16
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Hybrid 1D and 3D nanostructures
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 17
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
GeOI for junctionless transistors
00 05 10 15 2010
-11
10-10
10-9
10-8
50x50x3000 nm
H x W x L
Cu
rre
nt (A
)
Voltage (V)
100 nm Ge
50 nm Ge
100x100x3000 nm
H x W x L
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 18
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Electronic transport
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 19
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
length scale transistor density
1 mm = 1m1000
1 mm = 1mm1000
1 nm = 1mm1000 Atomic distance lt 1 nm
1985 rarr 10 mm channel length
2010 rarr lt 100 nm
2015 rarr lt 20 nm
For the channel length of 10 mm size
of transisotr is 100 mm
3 cm
3 c
m
300
300
105
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 20
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
length scale transistor density
1 mm = 1m1000
1 mm = 1mm1000
1 nm = 1mm1000 Atomic distance lt 1 nm
1985 rarr 10 mm channel length
2010 rarr lt 100 nm
2015 rarr lt 20 nm
For the channel length of 100 nm size
of transisotr is 1 mm
3 cm
3 c
m
30000
30000
109
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 21
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
length scale transistor density
1 mm = 1m1000
1 mm = 1mm1000
1 nm = 1mm1000 Atomic distance lt 1 nm
1985 rarr 10 mm channel length
2010 rarr lt 100 nm
2015 rarr lt 20 nm
For the channel length of 20 nm size
of transisotr is 200 nm
3 cm
3 c
m
150000
15
00
00
109 times 25
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 22
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
length scaleelectronic transport
1 mm = 1m1000
1 mm = 1mm1000
1 nm = 1mm1000 Atomic distance lt 1 nm
S D Channel
Vo I
119933
119920=R
R determines OnOff state and is controlled by 3rd terminal
- + 1985 rarr 10 mm
2010 rarr lt 100 nm
2015 rarr lt 20 nm
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 23
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
length scaleelectronic transport
1 mm = 1m1000
1 mm = 1mm1000
1 nm = 1mm1000 Atomic distance lt 1 nm
1985 rarr 10 mm
2010 rarr lt 100 nm
2015 rarr lt 20 nm
S D
Channel
Vo I
e
e
- +
Diffusive transport
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 24
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
length scaleelectronic transport
1 mm = 1m1000
1 mm = 1mm1000
1 nm = 1mm1000 Atomic distance lt 1 nm
1985 rarr 10 mm
2010 rarr lt 100 nm
2015 rarr lt 20 nm
S D
Channel
Vo I
e
e
- +
Ballistic transport
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 25
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
length scale Ohms law
S D Channel
Vo I
R=r119923
119912 Lrarr 120782119929 rarr 120782119929 =
119945
119954120784=25kWfor ballistic transport
119933
119920=R
- +
~mm ~nm
S D Channel
L W
Vo I + -
119933
119920=R=
120646
119934119923 119933
119920=R=
120646
119934(119923 +119950119942119938119951119943119955119942119942119953119938119957119945)
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 26
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
length scale Ohms law
G Jo et al J Appl Phys 102 084508 (2007)
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 27
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Mobility
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 28
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
length scale mobility
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 29
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
length scale mobility
F Gaacutemiz 2004 Semicond Sci Technol 19 113
Ballistic transport
Diffusive transport
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 30
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
length scale mobility
Patrick S Goley and Mantu K Hudait Materials 2014 7(3) 2301-2339
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 31
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
GeOI for junctionless transistors
Xiao Yu et all ECS Solid State Lett 4 P15 (2015)
1014
1015
1019
0
100
200
300
400
500 Electron mobility
for 50 nm Ge
Mobili
ty c
m2V
s
Carrier concentration (cm-3)
SmartCut
GeOI
Epi-Ge
University of Tokyo PECVD+FLA
HZDR
20x1018
40x1018
60x1018
80x1018
10x1019
0
25
50
75
100
125
150
175
200
Carrier concentration (cm-3)
Mo
bili
ty c
m2V
s
PECVD+FLA
HZDREpi-Ge
University of Tokyo
SmartCut
GeOI
hole mobility
for 50 nm Ge
Preliminary data
Carrier mobility vs Carrier concentration in 50 nm thick Ge on insulator
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 32
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Downscaling
httpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=v2gDMj42sIM
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 33
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optoelectronic properties of semiconductors
Douglas J Paul Semicond Sci Technol 19 R75-R108 (2004)
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 34
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optoelectronic properties of semiconductors
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTRON DEVICES VOL 55 NO 1 JANUARY 2008
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 35
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optical properties of semiconductors
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 36
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optical properties of semiconductors
(a) Direct-bandgap semiconductors such as GaAs InP and GaN (b) An indirect-bandgap semiconductor such as silicon or germanium
kne0 k=0
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 37
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optical properties of semiconductors
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 38
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optical properties of semiconductors
Jia-Zhi Chen et al Opt Mater Express 4 1178-1185 (2014)
Direct bandgap energies of unstrained Ge1minus xSnx alloys (a) and calculated band edges of the
various bands for pseudomorphic Ge1minus xSnx alloys on Ge as a function of Sn composition
Ge with direct bandgap
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 39
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optical properties of semiconductors
Schematic of the effect of quantum confinement on the electronic structure of a semiconductor The arrows indicate the lowest energy absorption transition (a) Bulk semiconductor CB = conduction band VB = valence band) (b) Three lowest electron (Enle ) and hole (Enlh ) energy levels in a quantum dot The corresponding wave functions are represented by dashed lines (c) Semiconductor nanocrystal (quantum dot)
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 40
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optical properties of semiconductors
(a) Three lowest electron (Enle ) and hole (Enlh ) energy levels in a semiconductor nanocrystal quantum dot The corresponding wave functions are represented by the dashed lines Allowed optical transitions are given by the arrows (b) Assignment of the transitions in the absorption spectrum of colloidal CdTe quantum dots
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 41
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optical properties of semiconductors
Eg= band gap energy of bulk semiconductor
R = radius of quantum dot
me= effective mass of excited electron
mh= effective mass of excited hole
h = Planckrsquos constant
Energy of photons emitted by QDs
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 42
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optical properties of semiconductors
Eg= band gap energy of bulk semiconductor
R = radius of quantum dot
me= effective mass of excited electron
mh= effective mass of excited hole
h = Planckrsquos constant
Energy of photons emitted by QDs
CdS QD
1 Experimental data
2 calculation
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 43
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optical properties of semiconductors
Eg= band gap energy of bulk semiconductor
R = radius of quantum dot
me= effective mass of excited electron
mh= effective mass of excited hole
h = Planckrsquos constant
Energy of photons emitted by QDs
Advanced Biomedical Engineering book edited by Gaetano D Gargiulo Co-editor Alistair McEwan ISBN 978-953-307-555-6
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 44
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optical properties of semiconductors
Schematic representation of the quantum
confinement effect on the energy level structure of
a semiconductor material
Celso de Mello Donegaacute Chem Soc Rev 40 1512-1546 (2011)
119886119887 = 120634119898
120699119886119887
ab =0053 nm ndash dielectric constant
m ndash electron mass
m ndash effective electron mass
Bohr radius for semiconductors
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 45
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Questions
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 3
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
httpdownloadintelcomnewsroomkitschipmakingpdfsSand-to-Silicon_22nm-Versionpdf
Silicon wafer
Photolithography
Ion implantation
Etching
Temporary Gate
Formation
metalization
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 4
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Introduction
NEAR-TERM 2013-2020 Scaling of Si CMOS - Implementation of fully depleted SOI
Implementation of high-mobility CMOS channel materials
httpwwwitrsnetLinks2013ITRSHome2013htm
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 5
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Introduction
From Wikipedia
SmartCut
SIMOX process
SOI
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 6
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Introduction
(Source Synopsys)
httpwwwgoogledeimgresimgurl=httpwwwtechdesignforumscompracticefiles201305tdf-snpspvff-fdsoi-3lrgjpgampimgrefurl=http wwwtechdesignforumscompractice techniquephysical-verification-design-finfet-fd-soi amph=532ampw=980amptbnid=bG2T-9aazoPmjMamptbnh=90amptbnw=166ampusg=__3fSXT57run64yrsHWP2cDxmXjfs=ampdocid=9ZIFDJ9SQcwv AMampsa=Xampved=0CEAQ9QEwBWoVChMIrqu3kfrAxwIVw7kUCh3DKQn5
Silicon wafer
httpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=ZvQMC7qL2B8
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 7
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Introduction
(Source Synopsys)
httpwwwgoogledeimgresimgurl=httpwwwtechdesignforumscompracticefiles201305tdf-snpspvff-fdsoi-3lrgjpgampimgrefurl=http wwwtechdesignforumscompractice techniquephysical-verification-design-finfet-fd-soi amph=532ampw=980amptbnid=bG2T-9aazoPmjMamptbnh=90amptbnw=166ampusg=__3fSXT57run64yrsHWP2cDxmXjfs=ampdocid=9ZIFDJ9SQcwv AMampsa=Xampved=0CEAQ9QEwBWoVChMIrqu3kfrAxwIVw7kUCh3DKQn5
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 8
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Introduction
Benefits Challanges
reduction in power consumption (~50 over 32nm)
Very restrictive design options
Faster switching speed Fin width variability and edge quality leads to variability in threshold voltage VT
Availability of strain engineering Extra manufacturing complexity and expense
The main manufacturing challenges for finFETs (above 20 nm) are - controlling the etch along the edges - uniform doping of 3D surfaces - Deposition of all the films used in the gate stack
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 9
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
The top silicon layer is typically between 50 and 90 nmthick Silicon under the channel is partially depleted of mobile charge carriers
The top silicon layer is between 5 and 20 nm thick typically frac14 of the gate length Silicon under the gate is fully depleted of mobile charge carriers There is no floating body effect
Fully depleted silicon-on-insulator FD-SOI vs PD-SOI
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 10
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
10
Benefits Challanges
Significant reduction in power consumption below 11 nm
High cost of initial wafers
Faster switching speed Variability in VT due to variations in the thickness of silicon thin-film
Easier standard manufacturing process No strain engineering possible
Availability of back-biasing to control VT
No doping variability
Fully depleted silicon-on-insulator FD-SOI (below 14 nm)
Introduction
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 11
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Introduction
NEAR-TERM 2013-2020 Scaling of Si CMOS - Implementation of fully depleted SOI
Implementation of high-mobility CMOS channel materials
LONG-TERM 2021-2028 Implementation of advanced multi-gate structuresmdash ultra-thin
body multi-gate MOSFETs
httpwwwitrsnetLinks2013ITRSHome2013htm
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 12
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Multi-gate structures
httpwwwgoogledeimgresimgurl=http3A2F2Fwwwfz-juelichde2FSharedDocs2FBilder2FPGI2FPGI-92FEN2FForschung2FNanowires2FMultigatMOSFET jpg253F __blob253Dnormalampimgrefurl=http3A2F2Fwwwfz-juelichde2Fpgi2Fpgi-92FDE2FForschung2F05-Si-Nano-MOSFET2F01-Multigate2520nanowire2F_nodehtmlamph= 336ampw=600amptbnid=4kA-VMzzxXDUlM3Aampdocid=ZqBKi7JKfbji2Mampei=OrjaVbjkF4n0ULaHjdAEamptbm=ischampiact=rcampuact=3ampdur=2146amppage=1ampstart=0ampndsp=30ampved=0CHQQrQMw GmoVChMIuOnjrIrBxwIVCToUCh22QwNK
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 13
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
httpwwwsecgovArchivesedgardata937966000119312514331751g784347page_012jpg
Multi-gate structures
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 14
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Hybrid 1D and 3D nanostructures
AFM topography of annealed and etched
sample
Room temperature semi-logarithmic I-V
characteristic of n-InAsp-Si heterojunction
Prucnal et al Nanolett 11 2814 (2011)
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 15
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
InAs
Hybrid 1D and 3D nanostructures
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 16
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Hybrid 1D and 3D nanostructures
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 17
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
GeOI for junctionless transistors
00 05 10 15 2010
-11
10-10
10-9
10-8
50x50x3000 nm
H x W x L
Cu
rre
nt (A
)
Voltage (V)
100 nm Ge
50 nm Ge
100x100x3000 nm
H x W x L
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 18
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Electronic transport
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 19
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
length scale transistor density
1 mm = 1m1000
1 mm = 1mm1000
1 nm = 1mm1000 Atomic distance lt 1 nm
1985 rarr 10 mm channel length
2010 rarr lt 100 nm
2015 rarr lt 20 nm
For the channel length of 10 mm size
of transisotr is 100 mm
3 cm
3 c
m
300
300
105
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 20
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
length scale transistor density
1 mm = 1m1000
1 mm = 1mm1000
1 nm = 1mm1000 Atomic distance lt 1 nm
1985 rarr 10 mm channel length
2010 rarr lt 100 nm
2015 rarr lt 20 nm
For the channel length of 100 nm size
of transisotr is 1 mm
3 cm
3 c
m
30000
30000
109
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 21
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
length scale transistor density
1 mm = 1m1000
1 mm = 1mm1000
1 nm = 1mm1000 Atomic distance lt 1 nm
1985 rarr 10 mm channel length
2010 rarr lt 100 nm
2015 rarr lt 20 nm
For the channel length of 20 nm size
of transisotr is 200 nm
3 cm
3 c
m
150000
15
00
00
109 times 25
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 22
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
length scaleelectronic transport
1 mm = 1m1000
1 mm = 1mm1000
1 nm = 1mm1000 Atomic distance lt 1 nm
S D Channel
Vo I
119933
119920=R
R determines OnOff state and is controlled by 3rd terminal
- + 1985 rarr 10 mm
2010 rarr lt 100 nm
2015 rarr lt 20 nm
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 23
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
length scaleelectronic transport
1 mm = 1m1000
1 mm = 1mm1000
1 nm = 1mm1000 Atomic distance lt 1 nm
1985 rarr 10 mm
2010 rarr lt 100 nm
2015 rarr lt 20 nm
S D
Channel
Vo I
e
e
- +
Diffusive transport
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 24
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
length scaleelectronic transport
1 mm = 1m1000
1 mm = 1mm1000
1 nm = 1mm1000 Atomic distance lt 1 nm
1985 rarr 10 mm
2010 rarr lt 100 nm
2015 rarr lt 20 nm
S D
Channel
Vo I
e
e
- +
Ballistic transport
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 25
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
length scale Ohms law
S D Channel
Vo I
R=r119923
119912 Lrarr 120782119929 rarr 120782119929 =
119945
119954120784=25kWfor ballistic transport
119933
119920=R
- +
~mm ~nm
S D Channel
L W
Vo I + -
119933
119920=R=
120646
119934119923 119933
119920=R=
120646
119934(119923 +119950119942119938119951119943119955119942119942119953119938119957119945)
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 26
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
length scale Ohms law
G Jo et al J Appl Phys 102 084508 (2007)
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 27
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Mobility
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 28
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
length scale mobility
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 29
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
length scale mobility
F Gaacutemiz 2004 Semicond Sci Technol 19 113
Ballistic transport
Diffusive transport
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 30
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
length scale mobility
Patrick S Goley and Mantu K Hudait Materials 2014 7(3) 2301-2339
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 31
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
GeOI for junctionless transistors
Xiao Yu et all ECS Solid State Lett 4 P15 (2015)
1014
1015
1019
0
100
200
300
400
500 Electron mobility
for 50 nm Ge
Mobili
ty c
m2V
s
Carrier concentration (cm-3)
SmartCut
GeOI
Epi-Ge
University of Tokyo PECVD+FLA
HZDR
20x1018
40x1018
60x1018
80x1018
10x1019
0
25
50
75
100
125
150
175
200
Carrier concentration (cm-3)
Mo
bili
ty c
m2V
s
PECVD+FLA
HZDREpi-Ge
University of Tokyo
SmartCut
GeOI
hole mobility
for 50 nm Ge
Preliminary data
Carrier mobility vs Carrier concentration in 50 nm thick Ge on insulator
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 32
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Downscaling
httpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=v2gDMj42sIM
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 33
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optoelectronic properties of semiconductors
Douglas J Paul Semicond Sci Technol 19 R75-R108 (2004)
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 34
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optoelectronic properties of semiconductors
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTRON DEVICES VOL 55 NO 1 JANUARY 2008
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 35
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optical properties of semiconductors
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 36
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optical properties of semiconductors
(a) Direct-bandgap semiconductors such as GaAs InP and GaN (b) An indirect-bandgap semiconductor such as silicon or germanium
kne0 k=0
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 37
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optical properties of semiconductors
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 38
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optical properties of semiconductors
Jia-Zhi Chen et al Opt Mater Express 4 1178-1185 (2014)
Direct bandgap energies of unstrained Ge1minus xSnx alloys (a) and calculated band edges of the
various bands for pseudomorphic Ge1minus xSnx alloys on Ge as a function of Sn composition
Ge with direct bandgap
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 39
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optical properties of semiconductors
Schematic of the effect of quantum confinement on the electronic structure of a semiconductor The arrows indicate the lowest energy absorption transition (a) Bulk semiconductor CB = conduction band VB = valence band) (b) Three lowest electron (Enle ) and hole (Enlh ) energy levels in a quantum dot The corresponding wave functions are represented by dashed lines (c) Semiconductor nanocrystal (quantum dot)
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 40
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optical properties of semiconductors
(a) Three lowest electron (Enle ) and hole (Enlh ) energy levels in a semiconductor nanocrystal quantum dot The corresponding wave functions are represented by the dashed lines Allowed optical transitions are given by the arrows (b) Assignment of the transitions in the absorption spectrum of colloidal CdTe quantum dots
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 41
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optical properties of semiconductors
Eg= band gap energy of bulk semiconductor
R = radius of quantum dot
me= effective mass of excited electron
mh= effective mass of excited hole
h = Planckrsquos constant
Energy of photons emitted by QDs
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 42
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optical properties of semiconductors
Eg= band gap energy of bulk semiconductor
R = radius of quantum dot
me= effective mass of excited electron
mh= effective mass of excited hole
h = Planckrsquos constant
Energy of photons emitted by QDs
CdS QD
1 Experimental data
2 calculation
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 43
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optical properties of semiconductors
Eg= band gap energy of bulk semiconductor
R = radius of quantum dot
me= effective mass of excited electron
mh= effective mass of excited hole
h = Planckrsquos constant
Energy of photons emitted by QDs
Advanced Biomedical Engineering book edited by Gaetano D Gargiulo Co-editor Alistair McEwan ISBN 978-953-307-555-6
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 44
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optical properties of semiconductors
Schematic representation of the quantum
confinement effect on the energy level structure of
a semiconductor material
Celso de Mello Donegaacute Chem Soc Rev 40 1512-1546 (2011)
119886119887 = 120634119898
120699119886119887
ab =0053 nm ndash dielectric constant
m ndash electron mass
m ndash effective electron mass
Bohr radius for semiconductors
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 45
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Questions
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 4
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Introduction
NEAR-TERM 2013-2020 Scaling of Si CMOS - Implementation of fully depleted SOI
Implementation of high-mobility CMOS channel materials
httpwwwitrsnetLinks2013ITRSHome2013htm
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 5
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Introduction
From Wikipedia
SmartCut
SIMOX process
SOI
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 6
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Introduction
(Source Synopsys)
httpwwwgoogledeimgresimgurl=httpwwwtechdesignforumscompracticefiles201305tdf-snpspvff-fdsoi-3lrgjpgampimgrefurl=http wwwtechdesignforumscompractice techniquephysical-verification-design-finfet-fd-soi amph=532ampw=980amptbnid=bG2T-9aazoPmjMamptbnh=90amptbnw=166ampusg=__3fSXT57run64yrsHWP2cDxmXjfs=ampdocid=9ZIFDJ9SQcwv AMampsa=Xampved=0CEAQ9QEwBWoVChMIrqu3kfrAxwIVw7kUCh3DKQn5
Silicon wafer
httpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=ZvQMC7qL2B8
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 7
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Introduction
(Source Synopsys)
httpwwwgoogledeimgresimgurl=httpwwwtechdesignforumscompracticefiles201305tdf-snpspvff-fdsoi-3lrgjpgampimgrefurl=http wwwtechdesignforumscompractice techniquephysical-verification-design-finfet-fd-soi amph=532ampw=980amptbnid=bG2T-9aazoPmjMamptbnh=90amptbnw=166ampusg=__3fSXT57run64yrsHWP2cDxmXjfs=ampdocid=9ZIFDJ9SQcwv AMampsa=Xampved=0CEAQ9QEwBWoVChMIrqu3kfrAxwIVw7kUCh3DKQn5
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 8
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Introduction
Benefits Challanges
reduction in power consumption (~50 over 32nm)
Very restrictive design options
Faster switching speed Fin width variability and edge quality leads to variability in threshold voltage VT
Availability of strain engineering Extra manufacturing complexity and expense
The main manufacturing challenges for finFETs (above 20 nm) are - controlling the etch along the edges - uniform doping of 3D surfaces - Deposition of all the films used in the gate stack
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 9
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
The top silicon layer is typically between 50 and 90 nmthick Silicon under the channel is partially depleted of mobile charge carriers
The top silicon layer is between 5 and 20 nm thick typically frac14 of the gate length Silicon under the gate is fully depleted of mobile charge carriers There is no floating body effect
Fully depleted silicon-on-insulator FD-SOI vs PD-SOI
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 10
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
10
Benefits Challanges
Significant reduction in power consumption below 11 nm
High cost of initial wafers
Faster switching speed Variability in VT due to variations in the thickness of silicon thin-film
Easier standard manufacturing process No strain engineering possible
Availability of back-biasing to control VT
No doping variability
Fully depleted silicon-on-insulator FD-SOI (below 14 nm)
Introduction
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 11
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Introduction
NEAR-TERM 2013-2020 Scaling of Si CMOS - Implementation of fully depleted SOI
Implementation of high-mobility CMOS channel materials
LONG-TERM 2021-2028 Implementation of advanced multi-gate structuresmdash ultra-thin
body multi-gate MOSFETs
httpwwwitrsnetLinks2013ITRSHome2013htm
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 12
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Multi-gate structures
httpwwwgoogledeimgresimgurl=http3A2F2Fwwwfz-juelichde2FSharedDocs2FBilder2FPGI2FPGI-92FEN2FForschung2FNanowires2FMultigatMOSFET jpg253F __blob253Dnormalampimgrefurl=http3A2F2Fwwwfz-juelichde2Fpgi2Fpgi-92FDE2FForschung2F05-Si-Nano-MOSFET2F01-Multigate2520nanowire2F_nodehtmlamph= 336ampw=600amptbnid=4kA-VMzzxXDUlM3Aampdocid=ZqBKi7JKfbji2Mampei=OrjaVbjkF4n0ULaHjdAEamptbm=ischampiact=rcampuact=3ampdur=2146amppage=1ampstart=0ampndsp=30ampved=0CHQQrQMw GmoVChMIuOnjrIrBxwIVCToUCh22QwNK
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 13
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
httpwwwsecgovArchivesedgardata937966000119312514331751g784347page_012jpg
Multi-gate structures
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 14
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Hybrid 1D and 3D nanostructures
AFM topography of annealed and etched
sample
Room temperature semi-logarithmic I-V
characteristic of n-InAsp-Si heterojunction
Prucnal et al Nanolett 11 2814 (2011)
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 15
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
InAs
Hybrid 1D and 3D nanostructures
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 16
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Hybrid 1D and 3D nanostructures
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 17
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
GeOI for junctionless transistors
00 05 10 15 2010
-11
10-10
10-9
10-8
50x50x3000 nm
H x W x L
Cu
rre
nt (A
)
Voltage (V)
100 nm Ge
50 nm Ge
100x100x3000 nm
H x W x L
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 18
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Electronic transport
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 19
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
length scale transistor density
1 mm = 1m1000
1 mm = 1mm1000
1 nm = 1mm1000 Atomic distance lt 1 nm
1985 rarr 10 mm channel length
2010 rarr lt 100 nm
2015 rarr lt 20 nm
For the channel length of 10 mm size
of transisotr is 100 mm
3 cm
3 c
m
300
300
105
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 20
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
length scale transistor density
1 mm = 1m1000
1 mm = 1mm1000
1 nm = 1mm1000 Atomic distance lt 1 nm
1985 rarr 10 mm channel length
2010 rarr lt 100 nm
2015 rarr lt 20 nm
For the channel length of 100 nm size
of transisotr is 1 mm
3 cm
3 c
m
30000
30000
109
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 21
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
length scale transistor density
1 mm = 1m1000
1 mm = 1mm1000
1 nm = 1mm1000 Atomic distance lt 1 nm
1985 rarr 10 mm channel length
2010 rarr lt 100 nm
2015 rarr lt 20 nm
For the channel length of 20 nm size
of transisotr is 200 nm
3 cm
3 c
m
150000
15
00
00
109 times 25
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 22
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
length scaleelectronic transport
1 mm = 1m1000
1 mm = 1mm1000
1 nm = 1mm1000 Atomic distance lt 1 nm
S D Channel
Vo I
119933
119920=R
R determines OnOff state and is controlled by 3rd terminal
- + 1985 rarr 10 mm
2010 rarr lt 100 nm
2015 rarr lt 20 nm
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 23
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
length scaleelectronic transport
1 mm = 1m1000
1 mm = 1mm1000
1 nm = 1mm1000 Atomic distance lt 1 nm
1985 rarr 10 mm
2010 rarr lt 100 nm
2015 rarr lt 20 nm
S D
Channel
Vo I
e
e
- +
Diffusive transport
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 24
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
length scaleelectronic transport
1 mm = 1m1000
1 mm = 1mm1000
1 nm = 1mm1000 Atomic distance lt 1 nm
1985 rarr 10 mm
2010 rarr lt 100 nm
2015 rarr lt 20 nm
S D
Channel
Vo I
e
e
- +
Ballistic transport
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 25
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
length scale Ohms law
S D Channel
Vo I
R=r119923
119912 Lrarr 120782119929 rarr 120782119929 =
119945
119954120784=25kWfor ballistic transport
119933
119920=R
- +
~mm ~nm
S D Channel
L W
Vo I + -
119933
119920=R=
120646
119934119923 119933
119920=R=
120646
119934(119923 +119950119942119938119951119943119955119942119942119953119938119957119945)
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 26
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
length scale Ohms law
G Jo et al J Appl Phys 102 084508 (2007)
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 27
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Mobility
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 28
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
length scale mobility
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 29
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
length scale mobility
F Gaacutemiz 2004 Semicond Sci Technol 19 113
Ballistic transport
Diffusive transport
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 30
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
length scale mobility
Patrick S Goley and Mantu K Hudait Materials 2014 7(3) 2301-2339
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 31
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
GeOI for junctionless transistors
Xiao Yu et all ECS Solid State Lett 4 P15 (2015)
1014
1015
1019
0
100
200
300
400
500 Electron mobility
for 50 nm Ge
Mobili
ty c
m2V
s
Carrier concentration (cm-3)
SmartCut
GeOI
Epi-Ge
University of Tokyo PECVD+FLA
HZDR
20x1018
40x1018
60x1018
80x1018
10x1019
0
25
50
75
100
125
150
175
200
Carrier concentration (cm-3)
Mo
bili
ty c
m2V
s
PECVD+FLA
HZDREpi-Ge
University of Tokyo
SmartCut
GeOI
hole mobility
for 50 nm Ge
Preliminary data
Carrier mobility vs Carrier concentration in 50 nm thick Ge on insulator
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 32
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Downscaling
httpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=v2gDMj42sIM
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 33
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optoelectronic properties of semiconductors
Douglas J Paul Semicond Sci Technol 19 R75-R108 (2004)
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 34
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optoelectronic properties of semiconductors
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTRON DEVICES VOL 55 NO 1 JANUARY 2008
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 35
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optical properties of semiconductors
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 36
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optical properties of semiconductors
(a) Direct-bandgap semiconductors such as GaAs InP and GaN (b) An indirect-bandgap semiconductor such as silicon or germanium
kne0 k=0
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 37
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optical properties of semiconductors
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 38
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optical properties of semiconductors
Jia-Zhi Chen et al Opt Mater Express 4 1178-1185 (2014)
Direct bandgap energies of unstrained Ge1minus xSnx alloys (a) and calculated band edges of the
various bands for pseudomorphic Ge1minus xSnx alloys on Ge as a function of Sn composition
Ge with direct bandgap
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 39
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optical properties of semiconductors
Schematic of the effect of quantum confinement on the electronic structure of a semiconductor The arrows indicate the lowest energy absorption transition (a) Bulk semiconductor CB = conduction band VB = valence band) (b) Three lowest electron (Enle ) and hole (Enlh ) energy levels in a quantum dot The corresponding wave functions are represented by dashed lines (c) Semiconductor nanocrystal (quantum dot)
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 40
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optical properties of semiconductors
(a) Three lowest electron (Enle ) and hole (Enlh ) energy levels in a semiconductor nanocrystal quantum dot The corresponding wave functions are represented by the dashed lines Allowed optical transitions are given by the arrows (b) Assignment of the transitions in the absorption spectrum of colloidal CdTe quantum dots
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 41
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optical properties of semiconductors
Eg= band gap energy of bulk semiconductor
R = radius of quantum dot
me= effective mass of excited electron
mh= effective mass of excited hole
h = Planckrsquos constant
Energy of photons emitted by QDs
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 42
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optical properties of semiconductors
Eg= band gap energy of bulk semiconductor
R = radius of quantum dot
me= effective mass of excited electron
mh= effective mass of excited hole
h = Planckrsquos constant
Energy of photons emitted by QDs
CdS QD
1 Experimental data
2 calculation
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 43
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optical properties of semiconductors
Eg= band gap energy of bulk semiconductor
R = radius of quantum dot
me= effective mass of excited electron
mh= effective mass of excited hole
h = Planckrsquos constant
Energy of photons emitted by QDs
Advanced Biomedical Engineering book edited by Gaetano D Gargiulo Co-editor Alistair McEwan ISBN 978-953-307-555-6
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 44
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optical properties of semiconductors
Schematic representation of the quantum
confinement effect on the energy level structure of
a semiconductor material
Celso de Mello Donegaacute Chem Soc Rev 40 1512-1546 (2011)
119886119887 = 120634119898
120699119886119887
ab =0053 nm ndash dielectric constant
m ndash electron mass
m ndash effective electron mass
Bohr radius for semiconductors
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 45
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Questions
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 5
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Introduction
From Wikipedia
SmartCut
SIMOX process
SOI
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 6
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Introduction
(Source Synopsys)
httpwwwgoogledeimgresimgurl=httpwwwtechdesignforumscompracticefiles201305tdf-snpspvff-fdsoi-3lrgjpgampimgrefurl=http wwwtechdesignforumscompractice techniquephysical-verification-design-finfet-fd-soi amph=532ampw=980amptbnid=bG2T-9aazoPmjMamptbnh=90amptbnw=166ampusg=__3fSXT57run64yrsHWP2cDxmXjfs=ampdocid=9ZIFDJ9SQcwv AMampsa=Xampved=0CEAQ9QEwBWoVChMIrqu3kfrAxwIVw7kUCh3DKQn5
Silicon wafer
httpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=ZvQMC7qL2B8
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 7
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Introduction
(Source Synopsys)
httpwwwgoogledeimgresimgurl=httpwwwtechdesignforumscompracticefiles201305tdf-snpspvff-fdsoi-3lrgjpgampimgrefurl=http wwwtechdesignforumscompractice techniquephysical-verification-design-finfet-fd-soi amph=532ampw=980amptbnid=bG2T-9aazoPmjMamptbnh=90amptbnw=166ampusg=__3fSXT57run64yrsHWP2cDxmXjfs=ampdocid=9ZIFDJ9SQcwv AMampsa=Xampved=0CEAQ9QEwBWoVChMIrqu3kfrAxwIVw7kUCh3DKQn5
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 8
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Introduction
Benefits Challanges
reduction in power consumption (~50 over 32nm)
Very restrictive design options
Faster switching speed Fin width variability and edge quality leads to variability in threshold voltage VT
Availability of strain engineering Extra manufacturing complexity and expense
The main manufacturing challenges for finFETs (above 20 nm) are - controlling the etch along the edges - uniform doping of 3D surfaces - Deposition of all the films used in the gate stack
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 9
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
The top silicon layer is typically between 50 and 90 nmthick Silicon under the channel is partially depleted of mobile charge carriers
The top silicon layer is between 5 and 20 nm thick typically frac14 of the gate length Silicon under the gate is fully depleted of mobile charge carriers There is no floating body effect
Fully depleted silicon-on-insulator FD-SOI vs PD-SOI
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 10
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
10
Benefits Challanges
Significant reduction in power consumption below 11 nm
High cost of initial wafers
Faster switching speed Variability in VT due to variations in the thickness of silicon thin-film
Easier standard manufacturing process No strain engineering possible
Availability of back-biasing to control VT
No doping variability
Fully depleted silicon-on-insulator FD-SOI (below 14 nm)
Introduction
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 11
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Introduction
NEAR-TERM 2013-2020 Scaling of Si CMOS - Implementation of fully depleted SOI
Implementation of high-mobility CMOS channel materials
LONG-TERM 2021-2028 Implementation of advanced multi-gate structuresmdash ultra-thin
body multi-gate MOSFETs
httpwwwitrsnetLinks2013ITRSHome2013htm
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 12
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Multi-gate structures
httpwwwgoogledeimgresimgurl=http3A2F2Fwwwfz-juelichde2FSharedDocs2FBilder2FPGI2FPGI-92FEN2FForschung2FNanowires2FMultigatMOSFET jpg253F __blob253Dnormalampimgrefurl=http3A2F2Fwwwfz-juelichde2Fpgi2Fpgi-92FDE2FForschung2F05-Si-Nano-MOSFET2F01-Multigate2520nanowire2F_nodehtmlamph= 336ampw=600amptbnid=4kA-VMzzxXDUlM3Aampdocid=ZqBKi7JKfbji2Mampei=OrjaVbjkF4n0ULaHjdAEamptbm=ischampiact=rcampuact=3ampdur=2146amppage=1ampstart=0ampndsp=30ampved=0CHQQrQMw GmoVChMIuOnjrIrBxwIVCToUCh22QwNK
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 13
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
httpwwwsecgovArchivesedgardata937966000119312514331751g784347page_012jpg
Multi-gate structures
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 14
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Hybrid 1D and 3D nanostructures
AFM topography of annealed and etched
sample
Room temperature semi-logarithmic I-V
characteristic of n-InAsp-Si heterojunction
Prucnal et al Nanolett 11 2814 (2011)
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 15
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
InAs
Hybrid 1D and 3D nanostructures
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 16
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Hybrid 1D and 3D nanostructures
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 17
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
GeOI for junctionless transistors
00 05 10 15 2010
-11
10-10
10-9
10-8
50x50x3000 nm
H x W x L
Cu
rre
nt (A
)
Voltage (V)
100 nm Ge
50 nm Ge
100x100x3000 nm
H x W x L
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 18
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Electronic transport
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 19
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
length scale transistor density
1 mm = 1m1000
1 mm = 1mm1000
1 nm = 1mm1000 Atomic distance lt 1 nm
1985 rarr 10 mm channel length
2010 rarr lt 100 nm
2015 rarr lt 20 nm
For the channel length of 10 mm size
of transisotr is 100 mm
3 cm
3 c
m
300
300
105
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 20
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
length scale transistor density
1 mm = 1m1000
1 mm = 1mm1000
1 nm = 1mm1000 Atomic distance lt 1 nm
1985 rarr 10 mm channel length
2010 rarr lt 100 nm
2015 rarr lt 20 nm
For the channel length of 100 nm size
of transisotr is 1 mm
3 cm
3 c
m
30000
30000
109
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 21
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
length scale transistor density
1 mm = 1m1000
1 mm = 1mm1000
1 nm = 1mm1000 Atomic distance lt 1 nm
1985 rarr 10 mm channel length
2010 rarr lt 100 nm
2015 rarr lt 20 nm
For the channel length of 20 nm size
of transisotr is 200 nm
3 cm
3 c
m
150000
15
00
00
109 times 25
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 22
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
length scaleelectronic transport
1 mm = 1m1000
1 mm = 1mm1000
1 nm = 1mm1000 Atomic distance lt 1 nm
S D Channel
Vo I
119933
119920=R
R determines OnOff state and is controlled by 3rd terminal
- + 1985 rarr 10 mm
2010 rarr lt 100 nm
2015 rarr lt 20 nm
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 23
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
length scaleelectronic transport
1 mm = 1m1000
1 mm = 1mm1000
1 nm = 1mm1000 Atomic distance lt 1 nm
1985 rarr 10 mm
2010 rarr lt 100 nm
2015 rarr lt 20 nm
S D
Channel
Vo I
e
e
- +
Diffusive transport
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 24
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
length scaleelectronic transport
1 mm = 1m1000
1 mm = 1mm1000
1 nm = 1mm1000 Atomic distance lt 1 nm
1985 rarr 10 mm
2010 rarr lt 100 nm
2015 rarr lt 20 nm
S D
Channel
Vo I
e
e
- +
Ballistic transport
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 25
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
length scale Ohms law
S D Channel
Vo I
R=r119923
119912 Lrarr 120782119929 rarr 120782119929 =
119945
119954120784=25kWfor ballistic transport
119933
119920=R
- +
~mm ~nm
S D Channel
L W
Vo I + -
119933
119920=R=
120646
119934119923 119933
119920=R=
120646
119934(119923 +119950119942119938119951119943119955119942119942119953119938119957119945)
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 26
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
length scale Ohms law
G Jo et al J Appl Phys 102 084508 (2007)
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 27
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Mobility
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 28
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
length scale mobility
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 29
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
length scale mobility
F Gaacutemiz 2004 Semicond Sci Technol 19 113
Ballistic transport
Diffusive transport
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 30
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
length scale mobility
Patrick S Goley and Mantu K Hudait Materials 2014 7(3) 2301-2339
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 31
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
GeOI for junctionless transistors
Xiao Yu et all ECS Solid State Lett 4 P15 (2015)
1014
1015
1019
0
100
200
300
400
500 Electron mobility
for 50 nm Ge
Mobili
ty c
m2V
s
Carrier concentration (cm-3)
SmartCut
GeOI
Epi-Ge
University of Tokyo PECVD+FLA
HZDR
20x1018
40x1018
60x1018
80x1018
10x1019
0
25
50
75
100
125
150
175
200
Carrier concentration (cm-3)
Mo
bili
ty c
m2V
s
PECVD+FLA
HZDREpi-Ge
University of Tokyo
SmartCut
GeOI
hole mobility
for 50 nm Ge
Preliminary data
Carrier mobility vs Carrier concentration in 50 nm thick Ge on insulator
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 32
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Downscaling
httpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=v2gDMj42sIM
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 33
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optoelectronic properties of semiconductors
Douglas J Paul Semicond Sci Technol 19 R75-R108 (2004)
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 34
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optoelectronic properties of semiconductors
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTRON DEVICES VOL 55 NO 1 JANUARY 2008
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 35
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optical properties of semiconductors
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 36
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optical properties of semiconductors
(a) Direct-bandgap semiconductors such as GaAs InP and GaN (b) An indirect-bandgap semiconductor such as silicon or germanium
kne0 k=0
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 37
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optical properties of semiconductors
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 38
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optical properties of semiconductors
Jia-Zhi Chen et al Opt Mater Express 4 1178-1185 (2014)
Direct bandgap energies of unstrained Ge1minus xSnx alloys (a) and calculated band edges of the
various bands for pseudomorphic Ge1minus xSnx alloys on Ge as a function of Sn composition
Ge with direct bandgap
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 39
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optical properties of semiconductors
Schematic of the effect of quantum confinement on the electronic structure of a semiconductor The arrows indicate the lowest energy absorption transition (a) Bulk semiconductor CB = conduction band VB = valence band) (b) Three lowest electron (Enle ) and hole (Enlh ) energy levels in a quantum dot The corresponding wave functions are represented by dashed lines (c) Semiconductor nanocrystal (quantum dot)
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 40
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optical properties of semiconductors
(a) Three lowest electron (Enle ) and hole (Enlh ) energy levels in a semiconductor nanocrystal quantum dot The corresponding wave functions are represented by the dashed lines Allowed optical transitions are given by the arrows (b) Assignment of the transitions in the absorption spectrum of colloidal CdTe quantum dots
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 41
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optical properties of semiconductors
Eg= band gap energy of bulk semiconductor
R = radius of quantum dot
me= effective mass of excited electron
mh= effective mass of excited hole
h = Planckrsquos constant
Energy of photons emitted by QDs
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 42
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optical properties of semiconductors
Eg= band gap energy of bulk semiconductor
R = radius of quantum dot
me= effective mass of excited electron
mh= effective mass of excited hole
h = Planckrsquos constant
Energy of photons emitted by QDs
CdS QD
1 Experimental data
2 calculation
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 43
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optical properties of semiconductors
Eg= band gap energy of bulk semiconductor
R = radius of quantum dot
me= effective mass of excited electron
mh= effective mass of excited hole
h = Planckrsquos constant
Energy of photons emitted by QDs
Advanced Biomedical Engineering book edited by Gaetano D Gargiulo Co-editor Alistair McEwan ISBN 978-953-307-555-6
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 44
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optical properties of semiconductors
Schematic representation of the quantum
confinement effect on the energy level structure of
a semiconductor material
Celso de Mello Donegaacute Chem Soc Rev 40 1512-1546 (2011)
119886119887 = 120634119898
120699119886119887
ab =0053 nm ndash dielectric constant
m ndash electron mass
m ndash effective electron mass
Bohr radius for semiconductors
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 45
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Questions
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 6
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Introduction
(Source Synopsys)
httpwwwgoogledeimgresimgurl=httpwwwtechdesignforumscompracticefiles201305tdf-snpspvff-fdsoi-3lrgjpgampimgrefurl=http wwwtechdesignforumscompractice techniquephysical-verification-design-finfet-fd-soi amph=532ampw=980amptbnid=bG2T-9aazoPmjMamptbnh=90amptbnw=166ampusg=__3fSXT57run64yrsHWP2cDxmXjfs=ampdocid=9ZIFDJ9SQcwv AMampsa=Xampved=0CEAQ9QEwBWoVChMIrqu3kfrAxwIVw7kUCh3DKQn5
Silicon wafer
httpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=ZvQMC7qL2B8
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 7
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Introduction
(Source Synopsys)
httpwwwgoogledeimgresimgurl=httpwwwtechdesignforumscompracticefiles201305tdf-snpspvff-fdsoi-3lrgjpgampimgrefurl=http wwwtechdesignforumscompractice techniquephysical-verification-design-finfet-fd-soi amph=532ampw=980amptbnid=bG2T-9aazoPmjMamptbnh=90amptbnw=166ampusg=__3fSXT57run64yrsHWP2cDxmXjfs=ampdocid=9ZIFDJ9SQcwv AMampsa=Xampved=0CEAQ9QEwBWoVChMIrqu3kfrAxwIVw7kUCh3DKQn5
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 8
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Introduction
Benefits Challanges
reduction in power consumption (~50 over 32nm)
Very restrictive design options
Faster switching speed Fin width variability and edge quality leads to variability in threshold voltage VT
Availability of strain engineering Extra manufacturing complexity and expense
The main manufacturing challenges for finFETs (above 20 nm) are - controlling the etch along the edges - uniform doping of 3D surfaces - Deposition of all the films used in the gate stack
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 9
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
The top silicon layer is typically between 50 and 90 nmthick Silicon under the channel is partially depleted of mobile charge carriers
The top silicon layer is between 5 and 20 nm thick typically frac14 of the gate length Silicon under the gate is fully depleted of mobile charge carriers There is no floating body effect
Fully depleted silicon-on-insulator FD-SOI vs PD-SOI
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 10
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
10
Benefits Challanges
Significant reduction in power consumption below 11 nm
High cost of initial wafers
Faster switching speed Variability in VT due to variations in the thickness of silicon thin-film
Easier standard manufacturing process No strain engineering possible
Availability of back-biasing to control VT
No doping variability
Fully depleted silicon-on-insulator FD-SOI (below 14 nm)
Introduction
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 11
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Introduction
NEAR-TERM 2013-2020 Scaling of Si CMOS - Implementation of fully depleted SOI
Implementation of high-mobility CMOS channel materials
LONG-TERM 2021-2028 Implementation of advanced multi-gate structuresmdash ultra-thin
body multi-gate MOSFETs
httpwwwitrsnetLinks2013ITRSHome2013htm
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 12
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Multi-gate structures
httpwwwgoogledeimgresimgurl=http3A2F2Fwwwfz-juelichde2FSharedDocs2FBilder2FPGI2FPGI-92FEN2FForschung2FNanowires2FMultigatMOSFET jpg253F __blob253Dnormalampimgrefurl=http3A2F2Fwwwfz-juelichde2Fpgi2Fpgi-92FDE2FForschung2F05-Si-Nano-MOSFET2F01-Multigate2520nanowire2F_nodehtmlamph= 336ampw=600amptbnid=4kA-VMzzxXDUlM3Aampdocid=ZqBKi7JKfbji2Mampei=OrjaVbjkF4n0ULaHjdAEamptbm=ischampiact=rcampuact=3ampdur=2146amppage=1ampstart=0ampndsp=30ampved=0CHQQrQMw GmoVChMIuOnjrIrBxwIVCToUCh22QwNK
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 13
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
httpwwwsecgovArchivesedgardata937966000119312514331751g784347page_012jpg
Multi-gate structures
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 14
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Hybrid 1D and 3D nanostructures
AFM topography of annealed and etched
sample
Room temperature semi-logarithmic I-V
characteristic of n-InAsp-Si heterojunction
Prucnal et al Nanolett 11 2814 (2011)
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 15
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
InAs
Hybrid 1D and 3D nanostructures
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 16
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Hybrid 1D and 3D nanostructures
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 17
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
GeOI for junctionless transistors
00 05 10 15 2010
-11
10-10
10-9
10-8
50x50x3000 nm
H x W x L
Cu
rre
nt (A
)
Voltage (V)
100 nm Ge
50 nm Ge
100x100x3000 nm
H x W x L
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 18
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Electronic transport
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 19
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
length scale transistor density
1 mm = 1m1000
1 mm = 1mm1000
1 nm = 1mm1000 Atomic distance lt 1 nm
1985 rarr 10 mm channel length
2010 rarr lt 100 nm
2015 rarr lt 20 nm
For the channel length of 10 mm size
of transisotr is 100 mm
3 cm
3 c
m
300
300
105
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 20
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
length scale transistor density
1 mm = 1m1000
1 mm = 1mm1000
1 nm = 1mm1000 Atomic distance lt 1 nm
1985 rarr 10 mm channel length
2010 rarr lt 100 nm
2015 rarr lt 20 nm
For the channel length of 100 nm size
of transisotr is 1 mm
3 cm
3 c
m
30000
30000
109
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 21
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
length scale transistor density
1 mm = 1m1000
1 mm = 1mm1000
1 nm = 1mm1000 Atomic distance lt 1 nm
1985 rarr 10 mm channel length
2010 rarr lt 100 nm
2015 rarr lt 20 nm
For the channel length of 20 nm size
of transisotr is 200 nm
3 cm
3 c
m
150000
15
00
00
109 times 25
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 22
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
length scaleelectronic transport
1 mm = 1m1000
1 mm = 1mm1000
1 nm = 1mm1000 Atomic distance lt 1 nm
S D Channel
Vo I
119933
119920=R
R determines OnOff state and is controlled by 3rd terminal
- + 1985 rarr 10 mm
2010 rarr lt 100 nm
2015 rarr lt 20 nm
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 23
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
length scaleelectronic transport
1 mm = 1m1000
1 mm = 1mm1000
1 nm = 1mm1000 Atomic distance lt 1 nm
1985 rarr 10 mm
2010 rarr lt 100 nm
2015 rarr lt 20 nm
S D
Channel
Vo I
e
e
- +
Diffusive transport
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 24
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
length scaleelectronic transport
1 mm = 1m1000
1 mm = 1mm1000
1 nm = 1mm1000 Atomic distance lt 1 nm
1985 rarr 10 mm
2010 rarr lt 100 nm
2015 rarr lt 20 nm
S D
Channel
Vo I
e
e
- +
Ballistic transport
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 25
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
length scale Ohms law
S D Channel
Vo I
R=r119923
119912 Lrarr 120782119929 rarr 120782119929 =
119945
119954120784=25kWfor ballistic transport
119933
119920=R
- +
~mm ~nm
S D Channel
L W
Vo I + -
119933
119920=R=
120646
119934119923 119933
119920=R=
120646
119934(119923 +119950119942119938119951119943119955119942119942119953119938119957119945)
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 26
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
length scale Ohms law
G Jo et al J Appl Phys 102 084508 (2007)
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 27
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Mobility
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 28
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
length scale mobility
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 29
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
length scale mobility
F Gaacutemiz 2004 Semicond Sci Technol 19 113
Ballistic transport
Diffusive transport
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 30
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
length scale mobility
Patrick S Goley and Mantu K Hudait Materials 2014 7(3) 2301-2339
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 31
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
GeOI for junctionless transistors
Xiao Yu et all ECS Solid State Lett 4 P15 (2015)
1014
1015
1019
0
100
200
300
400
500 Electron mobility
for 50 nm Ge
Mobili
ty c
m2V
s
Carrier concentration (cm-3)
SmartCut
GeOI
Epi-Ge
University of Tokyo PECVD+FLA
HZDR
20x1018
40x1018
60x1018
80x1018
10x1019
0
25
50
75
100
125
150
175
200
Carrier concentration (cm-3)
Mo
bili
ty c
m2V
s
PECVD+FLA
HZDREpi-Ge
University of Tokyo
SmartCut
GeOI
hole mobility
for 50 nm Ge
Preliminary data
Carrier mobility vs Carrier concentration in 50 nm thick Ge on insulator
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 32
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Downscaling
httpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=v2gDMj42sIM
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 33
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optoelectronic properties of semiconductors
Douglas J Paul Semicond Sci Technol 19 R75-R108 (2004)
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 34
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optoelectronic properties of semiconductors
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTRON DEVICES VOL 55 NO 1 JANUARY 2008
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 35
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optical properties of semiconductors
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 36
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optical properties of semiconductors
(a) Direct-bandgap semiconductors such as GaAs InP and GaN (b) An indirect-bandgap semiconductor such as silicon or germanium
kne0 k=0
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 37
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optical properties of semiconductors
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 38
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optical properties of semiconductors
Jia-Zhi Chen et al Opt Mater Express 4 1178-1185 (2014)
Direct bandgap energies of unstrained Ge1minus xSnx alloys (a) and calculated band edges of the
various bands for pseudomorphic Ge1minus xSnx alloys on Ge as a function of Sn composition
Ge with direct bandgap
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 39
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optical properties of semiconductors
Schematic of the effect of quantum confinement on the electronic structure of a semiconductor The arrows indicate the lowest energy absorption transition (a) Bulk semiconductor CB = conduction band VB = valence band) (b) Three lowest electron (Enle ) and hole (Enlh ) energy levels in a quantum dot The corresponding wave functions are represented by dashed lines (c) Semiconductor nanocrystal (quantum dot)
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 40
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optical properties of semiconductors
(a) Three lowest electron (Enle ) and hole (Enlh ) energy levels in a semiconductor nanocrystal quantum dot The corresponding wave functions are represented by the dashed lines Allowed optical transitions are given by the arrows (b) Assignment of the transitions in the absorption spectrum of colloidal CdTe quantum dots
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 41
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optical properties of semiconductors
Eg= band gap energy of bulk semiconductor
R = radius of quantum dot
me= effective mass of excited electron
mh= effective mass of excited hole
h = Planckrsquos constant
Energy of photons emitted by QDs
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 42
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optical properties of semiconductors
Eg= band gap energy of bulk semiconductor
R = radius of quantum dot
me= effective mass of excited electron
mh= effective mass of excited hole
h = Planckrsquos constant
Energy of photons emitted by QDs
CdS QD
1 Experimental data
2 calculation
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 43
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optical properties of semiconductors
Eg= band gap energy of bulk semiconductor
R = radius of quantum dot
me= effective mass of excited electron
mh= effective mass of excited hole
h = Planckrsquos constant
Energy of photons emitted by QDs
Advanced Biomedical Engineering book edited by Gaetano D Gargiulo Co-editor Alistair McEwan ISBN 978-953-307-555-6
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 44
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optical properties of semiconductors
Schematic representation of the quantum
confinement effect on the energy level structure of
a semiconductor material
Celso de Mello Donegaacute Chem Soc Rev 40 1512-1546 (2011)
119886119887 = 120634119898
120699119886119887
ab =0053 nm ndash dielectric constant
m ndash electron mass
m ndash effective electron mass
Bohr radius for semiconductors
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 45
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Questions
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 7
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Introduction
(Source Synopsys)
httpwwwgoogledeimgresimgurl=httpwwwtechdesignforumscompracticefiles201305tdf-snpspvff-fdsoi-3lrgjpgampimgrefurl=http wwwtechdesignforumscompractice techniquephysical-verification-design-finfet-fd-soi amph=532ampw=980amptbnid=bG2T-9aazoPmjMamptbnh=90amptbnw=166ampusg=__3fSXT57run64yrsHWP2cDxmXjfs=ampdocid=9ZIFDJ9SQcwv AMampsa=Xampved=0CEAQ9QEwBWoVChMIrqu3kfrAxwIVw7kUCh3DKQn5
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 8
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Introduction
Benefits Challanges
reduction in power consumption (~50 over 32nm)
Very restrictive design options
Faster switching speed Fin width variability and edge quality leads to variability in threshold voltage VT
Availability of strain engineering Extra manufacturing complexity and expense
The main manufacturing challenges for finFETs (above 20 nm) are - controlling the etch along the edges - uniform doping of 3D surfaces - Deposition of all the films used in the gate stack
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 9
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
The top silicon layer is typically between 50 and 90 nmthick Silicon under the channel is partially depleted of mobile charge carriers
The top silicon layer is between 5 and 20 nm thick typically frac14 of the gate length Silicon under the gate is fully depleted of mobile charge carriers There is no floating body effect
Fully depleted silicon-on-insulator FD-SOI vs PD-SOI
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 10
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
10
Benefits Challanges
Significant reduction in power consumption below 11 nm
High cost of initial wafers
Faster switching speed Variability in VT due to variations in the thickness of silicon thin-film
Easier standard manufacturing process No strain engineering possible
Availability of back-biasing to control VT
No doping variability
Fully depleted silicon-on-insulator FD-SOI (below 14 nm)
Introduction
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 11
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Introduction
NEAR-TERM 2013-2020 Scaling of Si CMOS - Implementation of fully depleted SOI
Implementation of high-mobility CMOS channel materials
LONG-TERM 2021-2028 Implementation of advanced multi-gate structuresmdash ultra-thin
body multi-gate MOSFETs
httpwwwitrsnetLinks2013ITRSHome2013htm
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 12
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Multi-gate structures
httpwwwgoogledeimgresimgurl=http3A2F2Fwwwfz-juelichde2FSharedDocs2FBilder2FPGI2FPGI-92FEN2FForschung2FNanowires2FMultigatMOSFET jpg253F __blob253Dnormalampimgrefurl=http3A2F2Fwwwfz-juelichde2Fpgi2Fpgi-92FDE2FForschung2F05-Si-Nano-MOSFET2F01-Multigate2520nanowire2F_nodehtmlamph= 336ampw=600amptbnid=4kA-VMzzxXDUlM3Aampdocid=ZqBKi7JKfbji2Mampei=OrjaVbjkF4n0ULaHjdAEamptbm=ischampiact=rcampuact=3ampdur=2146amppage=1ampstart=0ampndsp=30ampved=0CHQQrQMw GmoVChMIuOnjrIrBxwIVCToUCh22QwNK
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 13
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
httpwwwsecgovArchivesedgardata937966000119312514331751g784347page_012jpg
Multi-gate structures
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 14
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Hybrid 1D and 3D nanostructures
AFM topography of annealed and etched
sample
Room temperature semi-logarithmic I-V
characteristic of n-InAsp-Si heterojunction
Prucnal et al Nanolett 11 2814 (2011)
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 15
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
InAs
Hybrid 1D and 3D nanostructures
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 16
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Hybrid 1D and 3D nanostructures
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 17
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
GeOI for junctionless transistors
00 05 10 15 2010
-11
10-10
10-9
10-8
50x50x3000 nm
H x W x L
Cu
rre
nt (A
)
Voltage (V)
100 nm Ge
50 nm Ge
100x100x3000 nm
H x W x L
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 18
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Electronic transport
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 19
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
length scale transistor density
1 mm = 1m1000
1 mm = 1mm1000
1 nm = 1mm1000 Atomic distance lt 1 nm
1985 rarr 10 mm channel length
2010 rarr lt 100 nm
2015 rarr lt 20 nm
For the channel length of 10 mm size
of transisotr is 100 mm
3 cm
3 c
m
300
300
105
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 20
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
length scale transistor density
1 mm = 1m1000
1 mm = 1mm1000
1 nm = 1mm1000 Atomic distance lt 1 nm
1985 rarr 10 mm channel length
2010 rarr lt 100 nm
2015 rarr lt 20 nm
For the channel length of 100 nm size
of transisotr is 1 mm
3 cm
3 c
m
30000
30000
109
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 21
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
length scale transistor density
1 mm = 1m1000
1 mm = 1mm1000
1 nm = 1mm1000 Atomic distance lt 1 nm
1985 rarr 10 mm channel length
2010 rarr lt 100 nm
2015 rarr lt 20 nm
For the channel length of 20 nm size
of transisotr is 200 nm
3 cm
3 c
m
150000
15
00
00
109 times 25
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 22
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
length scaleelectronic transport
1 mm = 1m1000
1 mm = 1mm1000
1 nm = 1mm1000 Atomic distance lt 1 nm
S D Channel
Vo I
119933
119920=R
R determines OnOff state and is controlled by 3rd terminal
- + 1985 rarr 10 mm
2010 rarr lt 100 nm
2015 rarr lt 20 nm
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 23
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
length scaleelectronic transport
1 mm = 1m1000
1 mm = 1mm1000
1 nm = 1mm1000 Atomic distance lt 1 nm
1985 rarr 10 mm
2010 rarr lt 100 nm
2015 rarr lt 20 nm
S D
Channel
Vo I
e
e
- +
Diffusive transport
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 24
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
length scaleelectronic transport
1 mm = 1m1000
1 mm = 1mm1000
1 nm = 1mm1000 Atomic distance lt 1 nm
1985 rarr 10 mm
2010 rarr lt 100 nm
2015 rarr lt 20 nm
S D
Channel
Vo I
e
e
- +
Ballistic transport
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 25
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
length scale Ohms law
S D Channel
Vo I
R=r119923
119912 Lrarr 120782119929 rarr 120782119929 =
119945
119954120784=25kWfor ballistic transport
119933
119920=R
- +
~mm ~nm
S D Channel
L W
Vo I + -
119933
119920=R=
120646
119934119923 119933
119920=R=
120646
119934(119923 +119950119942119938119951119943119955119942119942119953119938119957119945)
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 26
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
length scale Ohms law
G Jo et al J Appl Phys 102 084508 (2007)
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 27
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Mobility
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 28
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
length scale mobility
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 29
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
length scale mobility
F Gaacutemiz 2004 Semicond Sci Technol 19 113
Ballistic transport
Diffusive transport
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 30
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
length scale mobility
Patrick S Goley and Mantu K Hudait Materials 2014 7(3) 2301-2339
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 31
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
GeOI for junctionless transistors
Xiao Yu et all ECS Solid State Lett 4 P15 (2015)
1014
1015
1019
0
100
200
300
400
500 Electron mobility
for 50 nm Ge
Mobili
ty c
m2V
s
Carrier concentration (cm-3)
SmartCut
GeOI
Epi-Ge
University of Tokyo PECVD+FLA
HZDR
20x1018
40x1018
60x1018
80x1018
10x1019
0
25
50
75
100
125
150
175
200
Carrier concentration (cm-3)
Mo
bili
ty c
m2V
s
PECVD+FLA
HZDREpi-Ge
University of Tokyo
SmartCut
GeOI
hole mobility
for 50 nm Ge
Preliminary data
Carrier mobility vs Carrier concentration in 50 nm thick Ge on insulator
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 32
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Downscaling
httpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=v2gDMj42sIM
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 33
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optoelectronic properties of semiconductors
Douglas J Paul Semicond Sci Technol 19 R75-R108 (2004)
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 34
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optoelectronic properties of semiconductors
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTRON DEVICES VOL 55 NO 1 JANUARY 2008
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 35
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optical properties of semiconductors
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 36
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optical properties of semiconductors
(a) Direct-bandgap semiconductors such as GaAs InP and GaN (b) An indirect-bandgap semiconductor such as silicon or germanium
kne0 k=0
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 37
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optical properties of semiconductors
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 38
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optical properties of semiconductors
Jia-Zhi Chen et al Opt Mater Express 4 1178-1185 (2014)
Direct bandgap energies of unstrained Ge1minus xSnx alloys (a) and calculated band edges of the
various bands for pseudomorphic Ge1minus xSnx alloys on Ge as a function of Sn composition
Ge with direct bandgap
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 39
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optical properties of semiconductors
Schematic of the effect of quantum confinement on the electronic structure of a semiconductor The arrows indicate the lowest energy absorption transition (a) Bulk semiconductor CB = conduction band VB = valence band) (b) Three lowest electron (Enle ) and hole (Enlh ) energy levels in a quantum dot The corresponding wave functions are represented by dashed lines (c) Semiconductor nanocrystal (quantum dot)
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 40
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optical properties of semiconductors
(a) Three lowest electron (Enle ) and hole (Enlh ) energy levels in a semiconductor nanocrystal quantum dot The corresponding wave functions are represented by the dashed lines Allowed optical transitions are given by the arrows (b) Assignment of the transitions in the absorption spectrum of colloidal CdTe quantum dots
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 41
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optical properties of semiconductors
Eg= band gap energy of bulk semiconductor
R = radius of quantum dot
me= effective mass of excited electron
mh= effective mass of excited hole
h = Planckrsquos constant
Energy of photons emitted by QDs
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 42
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optical properties of semiconductors
Eg= band gap energy of bulk semiconductor
R = radius of quantum dot
me= effective mass of excited electron
mh= effective mass of excited hole
h = Planckrsquos constant
Energy of photons emitted by QDs
CdS QD
1 Experimental data
2 calculation
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 43
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optical properties of semiconductors
Eg= band gap energy of bulk semiconductor
R = radius of quantum dot
me= effective mass of excited electron
mh= effective mass of excited hole
h = Planckrsquos constant
Energy of photons emitted by QDs
Advanced Biomedical Engineering book edited by Gaetano D Gargiulo Co-editor Alistair McEwan ISBN 978-953-307-555-6
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 44
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optical properties of semiconductors
Schematic representation of the quantum
confinement effect on the energy level structure of
a semiconductor material
Celso de Mello Donegaacute Chem Soc Rev 40 1512-1546 (2011)
119886119887 = 120634119898
120699119886119887
ab =0053 nm ndash dielectric constant
m ndash electron mass
m ndash effective electron mass
Bohr radius for semiconductors
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 45
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Questions
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 8
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Introduction
Benefits Challanges
reduction in power consumption (~50 over 32nm)
Very restrictive design options
Faster switching speed Fin width variability and edge quality leads to variability in threshold voltage VT
Availability of strain engineering Extra manufacturing complexity and expense
The main manufacturing challenges for finFETs (above 20 nm) are - controlling the etch along the edges - uniform doping of 3D surfaces - Deposition of all the films used in the gate stack
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 9
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
The top silicon layer is typically between 50 and 90 nmthick Silicon under the channel is partially depleted of mobile charge carriers
The top silicon layer is between 5 and 20 nm thick typically frac14 of the gate length Silicon under the gate is fully depleted of mobile charge carriers There is no floating body effect
Fully depleted silicon-on-insulator FD-SOI vs PD-SOI
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 10
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
10
Benefits Challanges
Significant reduction in power consumption below 11 nm
High cost of initial wafers
Faster switching speed Variability in VT due to variations in the thickness of silicon thin-film
Easier standard manufacturing process No strain engineering possible
Availability of back-biasing to control VT
No doping variability
Fully depleted silicon-on-insulator FD-SOI (below 14 nm)
Introduction
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 11
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Introduction
NEAR-TERM 2013-2020 Scaling of Si CMOS - Implementation of fully depleted SOI
Implementation of high-mobility CMOS channel materials
LONG-TERM 2021-2028 Implementation of advanced multi-gate structuresmdash ultra-thin
body multi-gate MOSFETs
httpwwwitrsnetLinks2013ITRSHome2013htm
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 12
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Multi-gate structures
httpwwwgoogledeimgresimgurl=http3A2F2Fwwwfz-juelichde2FSharedDocs2FBilder2FPGI2FPGI-92FEN2FForschung2FNanowires2FMultigatMOSFET jpg253F __blob253Dnormalampimgrefurl=http3A2F2Fwwwfz-juelichde2Fpgi2Fpgi-92FDE2FForschung2F05-Si-Nano-MOSFET2F01-Multigate2520nanowire2F_nodehtmlamph= 336ampw=600amptbnid=4kA-VMzzxXDUlM3Aampdocid=ZqBKi7JKfbji2Mampei=OrjaVbjkF4n0ULaHjdAEamptbm=ischampiact=rcampuact=3ampdur=2146amppage=1ampstart=0ampndsp=30ampved=0CHQQrQMw GmoVChMIuOnjrIrBxwIVCToUCh22QwNK
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 13
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
httpwwwsecgovArchivesedgardata937966000119312514331751g784347page_012jpg
Multi-gate structures
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 14
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Hybrid 1D and 3D nanostructures
AFM topography of annealed and etched
sample
Room temperature semi-logarithmic I-V
characteristic of n-InAsp-Si heterojunction
Prucnal et al Nanolett 11 2814 (2011)
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 15
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
InAs
Hybrid 1D and 3D nanostructures
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 16
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Hybrid 1D and 3D nanostructures
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 17
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
GeOI for junctionless transistors
00 05 10 15 2010
-11
10-10
10-9
10-8
50x50x3000 nm
H x W x L
Cu
rre
nt (A
)
Voltage (V)
100 nm Ge
50 nm Ge
100x100x3000 nm
H x W x L
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 18
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Electronic transport
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 19
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
length scale transistor density
1 mm = 1m1000
1 mm = 1mm1000
1 nm = 1mm1000 Atomic distance lt 1 nm
1985 rarr 10 mm channel length
2010 rarr lt 100 nm
2015 rarr lt 20 nm
For the channel length of 10 mm size
of transisotr is 100 mm
3 cm
3 c
m
300
300
105
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 20
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
length scale transistor density
1 mm = 1m1000
1 mm = 1mm1000
1 nm = 1mm1000 Atomic distance lt 1 nm
1985 rarr 10 mm channel length
2010 rarr lt 100 nm
2015 rarr lt 20 nm
For the channel length of 100 nm size
of transisotr is 1 mm
3 cm
3 c
m
30000
30000
109
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 21
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
length scale transistor density
1 mm = 1m1000
1 mm = 1mm1000
1 nm = 1mm1000 Atomic distance lt 1 nm
1985 rarr 10 mm channel length
2010 rarr lt 100 nm
2015 rarr lt 20 nm
For the channel length of 20 nm size
of transisotr is 200 nm
3 cm
3 c
m
150000
15
00
00
109 times 25
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 22
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
length scaleelectronic transport
1 mm = 1m1000
1 mm = 1mm1000
1 nm = 1mm1000 Atomic distance lt 1 nm
S D Channel
Vo I
119933
119920=R
R determines OnOff state and is controlled by 3rd terminal
- + 1985 rarr 10 mm
2010 rarr lt 100 nm
2015 rarr lt 20 nm
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 23
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
length scaleelectronic transport
1 mm = 1m1000
1 mm = 1mm1000
1 nm = 1mm1000 Atomic distance lt 1 nm
1985 rarr 10 mm
2010 rarr lt 100 nm
2015 rarr lt 20 nm
S D
Channel
Vo I
e
e
- +
Diffusive transport
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 24
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
length scaleelectronic transport
1 mm = 1m1000
1 mm = 1mm1000
1 nm = 1mm1000 Atomic distance lt 1 nm
1985 rarr 10 mm
2010 rarr lt 100 nm
2015 rarr lt 20 nm
S D
Channel
Vo I
e
e
- +
Ballistic transport
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 25
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
length scale Ohms law
S D Channel
Vo I
R=r119923
119912 Lrarr 120782119929 rarr 120782119929 =
119945
119954120784=25kWfor ballistic transport
119933
119920=R
- +
~mm ~nm
S D Channel
L W
Vo I + -
119933
119920=R=
120646
119934119923 119933
119920=R=
120646
119934(119923 +119950119942119938119951119943119955119942119942119953119938119957119945)
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 26
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
length scale Ohms law
G Jo et al J Appl Phys 102 084508 (2007)
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 27
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Mobility
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 28
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
length scale mobility
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 29
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
length scale mobility
F Gaacutemiz 2004 Semicond Sci Technol 19 113
Ballistic transport
Diffusive transport
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 30
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
length scale mobility
Patrick S Goley and Mantu K Hudait Materials 2014 7(3) 2301-2339
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 31
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
GeOI for junctionless transistors
Xiao Yu et all ECS Solid State Lett 4 P15 (2015)
1014
1015
1019
0
100
200
300
400
500 Electron mobility
for 50 nm Ge
Mobili
ty c
m2V
s
Carrier concentration (cm-3)
SmartCut
GeOI
Epi-Ge
University of Tokyo PECVD+FLA
HZDR
20x1018
40x1018
60x1018
80x1018
10x1019
0
25
50
75
100
125
150
175
200
Carrier concentration (cm-3)
Mo
bili
ty c
m2V
s
PECVD+FLA
HZDREpi-Ge
University of Tokyo
SmartCut
GeOI
hole mobility
for 50 nm Ge
Preliminary data
Carrier mobility vs Carrier concentration in 50 nm thick Ge on insulator
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 32
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Downscaling
httpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=v2gDMj42sIM
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 33
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optoelectronic properties of semiconductors
Douglas J Paul Semicond Sci Technol 19 R75-R108 (2004)
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 34
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optoelectronic properties of semiconductors
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTRON DEVICES VOL 55 NO 1 JANUARY 2008
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 35
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optical properties of semiconductors
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 36
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optical properties of semiconductors
(a) Direct-bandgap semiconductors such as GaAs InP and GaN (b) An indirect-bandgap semiconductor such as silicon or germanium
kne0 k=0
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 37
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optical properties of semiconductors
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 38
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optical properties of semiconductors
Jia-Zhi Chen et al Opt Mater Express 4 1178-1185 (2014)
Direct bandgap energies of unstrained Ge1minus xSnx alloys (a) and calculated band edges of the
various bands for pseudomorphic Ge1minus xSnx alloys on Ge as a function of Sn composition
Ge with direct bandgap
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 39
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optical properties of semiconductors
Schematic of the effect of quantum confinement on the electronic structure of a semiconductor The arrows indicate the lowest energy absorption transition (a) Bulk semiconductor CB = conduction band VB = valence band) (b) Three lowest electron (Enle ) and hole (Enlh ) energy levels in a quantum dot The corresponding wave functions are represented by dashed lines (c) Semiconductor nanocrystal (quantum dot)
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 40
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optical properties of semiconductors
(a) Three lowest electron (Enle ) and hole (Enlh ) energy levels in a semiconductor nanocrystal quantum dot The corresponding wave functions are represented by the dashed lines Allowed optical transitions are given by the arrows (b) Assignment of the transitions in the absorption spectrum of colloidal CdTe quantum dots
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 41
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optical properties of semiconductors
Eg= band gap energy of bulk semiconductor
R = radius of quantum dot
me= effective mass of excited electron
mh= effective mass of excited hole
h = Planckrsquos constant
Energy of photons emitted by QDs
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 42
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optical properties of semiconductors
Eg= band gap energy of bulk semiconductor
R = radius of quantum dot
me= effective mass of excited electron
mh= effective mass of excited hole
h = Planckrsquos constant
Energy of photons emitted by QDs
CdS QD
1 Experimental data
2 calculation
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 43
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optical properties of semiconductors
Eg= band gap energy of bulk semiconductor
R = radius of quantum dot
me= effective mass of excited electron
mh= effective mass of excited hole
h = Planckrsquos constant
Energy of photons emitted by QDs
Advanced Biomedical Engineering book edited by Gaetano D Gargiulo Co-editor Alistair McEwan ISBN 978-953-307-555-6
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 44
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optical properties of semiconductors
Schematic representation of the quantum
confinement effect on the energy level structure of
a semiconductor material
Celso de Mello Donegaacute Chem Soc Rev 40 1512-1546 (2011)
119886119887 = 120634119898
120699119886119887
ab =0053 nm ndash dielectric constant
m ndash electron mass
m ndash effective electron mass
Bohr radius for semiconductors
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 45
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Questions
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 9
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
The top silicon layer is typically between 50 and 90 nmthick Silicon under the channel is partially depleted of mobile charge carriers
The top silicon layer is between 5 and 20 nm thick typically frac14 of the gate length Silicon under the gate is fully depleted of mobile charge carriers There is no floating body effect
Fully depleted silicon-on-insulator FD-SOI vs PD-SOI
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 10
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
10
Benefits Challanges
Significant reduction in power consumption below 11 nm
High cost of initial wafers
Faster switching speed Variability in VT due to variations in the thickness of silicon thin-film
Easier standard manufacturing process No strain engineering possible
Availability of back-biasing to control VT
No doping variability
Fully depleted silicon-on-insulator FD-SOI (below 14 nm)
Introduction
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 11
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Introduction
NEAR-TERM 2013-2020 Scaling of Si CMOS - Implementation of fully depleted SOI
Implementation of high-mobility CMOS channel materials
LONG-TERM 2021-2028 Implementation of advanced multi-gate structuresmdash ultra-thin
body multi-gate MOSFETs
httpwwwitrsnetLinks2013ITRSHome2013htm
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 12
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Multi-gate structures
httpwwwgoogledeimgresimgurl=http3A2F2Fwwwfz-juelichde2FSharedDocs2FBilder2FPGI2FPGI-92FEN2FForschung2FNanowires2FMultigatMOSFET jpg253F __blob253Dnormalampimgrefurl=http3A2F2Fwwwfz-juelichde2Fpgi2Fpgi-92FDE2FForschung2F05-Si-Nano-MOSFET2F01-Multigate2520nanowire2F_nodehtmlamph= 336ampw=600amptbnid=4kA-VMzzxXDUlM3Aampdocid=ZqBKi7JKfbji2Mampei=OrjaVbjkF4n0ULaHjdAEamptbm=ischampiact=rcampuact=3ampdur=2146amppage=1ampstart=0ampndsp=30ampved=0CHQQrQMw GmoVChMIuOnjrIrBxwIVCToUCh22QwNK
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 13
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
httpwwwsecgovArchivesedgardata937966000119312514331751g784347page_012jpg
Multi-gate structures
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 14
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Hybrid 1D and 3D nanostructures
AFM topography of annealed and etched
sample
Room temperature semi-logarithmic I-V
characteristic of n-InAsp-Si heterojunction
Prucnal et al Nanolett 11 2814 (2011)
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 15
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
InAs
Hybrid 1D and 3D nanostructures
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 16
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Hybrid 1D and 3D nanostructures
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 17
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
GeOI for junctionless transistors
00 05 10 15 2010
-11
10-10
10-9
10-8
50x50x3000 nm
H x W x L
Cu
rre
nt (A
)
Voltage (V)
100 nm Ge
50 nm Ge
100x100x3000 nm
H x W x L
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 18
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Electronic transport
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 19
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
length scale transistor density
1 mm = 1m1000
1 mm = 1mm1000
1 nm = 1mm1000 Atomic distance lt 1 nm
1985 rarr 10 mm channel length
2010 rarr lt 100 nm
2015 rarr lt 20 nm
For the channel length of 10 mm size
of transisotr is 100 mm
3 cm
3 c
m
300
300
105
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 20
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
length scale transistor density
1 mm = 1m1000
1 mm = 1mm1000
1 nm = 1mm1000 Atomic distance lt 1 nm
1985 rarr 10 mm channel length
2010 rarr lt 100 nm
2015 rarr lt 20 nm
For the channel length of 100 nm size
of transisotr is 1 mm
3 cm
3 c
m
30000
30000
109
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 21
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
length scale transistor density
1 mm = 1m1000
1 mm = 1mm1000
1 nm = 1mm1000 Atomic distance lt 1 nm
1985 rarr 10 mm channel length
2010 rarr lt 100 nm
2015 rarr lt 20 nm
For the channel length of 20 nm size
of transisotr is 200 nm
3 cm
3 c
m
150000
15
00
00
109 times 25
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 22
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
length scaleelectronic transport
1 mm = 1m1000
1 mm = 1mm1000
1 nm = 1mm1000 Atomic distance lt 1 nm
S D Channel
Vo I
119933
119920=R
R determines OnOff state and is controlled by 3rd terminal
- + 1985 rarr 10 mm
2010 rarr lt 100 nm
2015 rarr lt 20 nm
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 23
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
length scaleelectronic transport
1 mm = 1m1000
1 mm = 1mm1000
1 nm = 1mm1000 Atomic distance lt 1 nm
1985 rarr 10 mm
2010 rarr lt 100 nm
2015 rarr lt 20 nm
S D
Channel
Vo I
e
e
- +
Diffusive transport
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 24
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
length scaleelectronic transport
1 mm = 1m1000
1 mm = 1mm1000
1 nm = 1mm1000 Atomic distance lt 1 nm
1985 rarr 10 mm
2010 rarr lt 100 nm
2015 rarr lt 20 nm
S D
Channel
Vo I
e
e
- +
Ballistic transport
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 25
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
length scale Ohms law
S D Channel
Vo I
R=r119923
119912 Lrarr 120782119929 rarr 120782119929 =
119945
119954120784=25kWfor ballistic transport
119933
119920=R
- +
~mm ~nm
S D Channel
L W
Vo I + -
119933
119920=R=
120646
119934119923 119933
119920=R=
120646
119934(119923 +119950119942119938119951119943119955119942119942119953119938119957119945)
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 26
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
length scale Ohms law
G Jo et al J Appl Phys 102 084508 (2007)
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 27
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Mobility
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 28
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
length scale mobility
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 29
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
length scale mobility
F Gaacutemiz 2004 Semicond Sci Technol 19 113
Ballistic transport
Diffusive transport
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 30
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
length scale mobility
Patrick S Goley and Mantu K Hudait Materials 2014 7(3) 2301-2339
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 31
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
GeOI for junctionless transistors
Xiao Yu et all ECS Solid State Lett 4 P15 (2015)
1014
1015
1019
0
100
200
300
400
500 Electron mobility
for 50 nm Ge
Mobili
ty c
m2V
s
Carrier concentration (cm-3)
SmartCut
GeOI
Epi-Ge
University of Tokyo PECVD+FLA
HZDR
20x1018
40x1018
60x1018
80x1018
10x1019
0
25
50
75
100
125
150
175
200
Carrier concentration (cm-3)
Mo
bili
ty c
m2V
s
PECVD+FLA
HZDREpi-Ge
University of Tokyo
SmartCut
GeOI
hole mobility
for 50 nm Ge
Preliminary data
Carrier mobility vs Carrier concentration in 50 nm thick Ge on insulator
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 32
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Downscaling
httpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=v2gDMj42sIM
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 33
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optoelectronic properties of semiconductors
Douglas J Paul Semicond Sci Technol 19 R75-R108 (2004)
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 34
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optoelectronic properties of semiconductors
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTRON DEVICES VOL 55 NO 1 JANUARY 2008
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 35
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optical properties of semiconductors
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 36
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optical properties of semiconductors
(a) Direct-bandgap semiconductors such as GaAs InP and GaN (b) An indirect-bandgap semiconductor such as silicon or germanium
kne0 k=0
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 37
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optical properties of semiconductors
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 38
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optical properties of semiconductors
Jia-Zhi Chen et al Opt Mater Express 4 1178-1185 (2014)
Direct bandgap energies of unstrained Ge1minus xSnx alloys (a) and calculated band edges of the
various bands for pseudomorphic Ge1minus xSnx alloys on Ge as a function of Sn composition
Ge with direct bandgap
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 39
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optical properties of semiconductors
Schematic of the effect of quantum confinement on the electronic structure of a semiconductor The arrows indicate the lowest energy absorption transition (a) Bulk semiconductor CB = conduction band VB = valence band) (b) Three lowest electron (Enle ) and hole (Enlh ) energy levels in a quantum dot The corresponding wave functions are represented by dashed lines (c) Semiconductor nanocrystal (quantum dot)
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 40
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optical properties of semiconductors
(a) Three lowest electron (Enle ) and hole (Enlh ) energy levels in a semiconductor nanocrystal quantum dot The corresponding wave functions are represented by the dashed lines Allowed optical transitions are given by the arrows (b) Assignment of the transitions in the absorption spectrum of colloidal CdTe quantum dots
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 41
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optical properties of semiconductors
Eg= band gap energy of bulk semiconductor
R = radius of quantum dot
me= effective mass of excited electron
mh= effective mass of excited hole
h = Planckrsquos constant
Energy of photons emitted by QDs
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 42
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optical properties of semiconductors
Eg= band gap energy of bulk semiconductor
R = radius of quantum dot
me= effective mass of excited electron
mh= effective mass of excited hole
h = Planckrsquos constant
Energy of photons emitted by QDs
CdS QD
1 Experimental data
2 calculation
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 43
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optical properties of semiconductors
Eg= band gap energy of bulk semiconductor
R = radius of quantum dot
me= effective mass of excited electron
mh= effective mass of excited hole
h = Planckrsquos constant
Energy of photons emitted by QDs
Advanced Biomedical Engineering book edited by Gaetano D Gargiulo Co-editor Alistair McEwan ISBN 978-953-307-555-6
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 44
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optical properties of semiconductors
Schematic representation of the quantum
confinement effect on the energy level structure of
a semiconductor material
Celso de Mello Donegaacute Chem Soc Rev 40 1512-1546 (2011)
119886119887 = 120634119898
120699119886119887
ab =0053 nm ndash dielectric constant
m ndash electron mass
m ndash effective electron mass
Bohr radius for semiconductors
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 45
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Questions
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 10
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
10
Benefits Challanges
Significant reduction in power consumption below 11 nm
High cost of initial wafers
Faster switching speed Variability in VT due to variations in the thickness of silicon thin-film
Easier standard manufacturing process No strain engineering possible
Availability of back-biasing to control VT
No doping variability
Fully depleted silicon-on-insulator FD-SOI (below 14 nm)
Introduction
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 11
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Introduction
NEAR-TERM 2013-2020 Scaling of Si CMOS - Implementation of fully depleted SOI
Implementation of high-mobility CMOS channel materials
LONG-TERM 2021-2028 Implementation of advanced multi-gate structuresmdash ultra-thin
body multi-gate MOSFETs
httpwwwitrsnetLinks2013ITRSHome2013htm
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 12
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Multi-gate structures
httpwwwgoogledeimgresimgurl=http3A2F2Fwwwfz-juelichde2FSharedDocs2FBilder2FPGI2FPGI-92FEN2FForschung2FNanowires2FMultigatMOSFET jpg253F __blob253Dnormalampimgrefurl=http3A2F2Fwwwfz-juelichde2Fpgi2Fpgi-92FDE2FForschung2F05-Si-Nano-MOSFET2F01-Multigate2520nanowire2F_nodehtmlamph= 336ampw=600amptbnid=4kA-VMzzxXDUlM3Aampdocid=ZqBKi7JKfbji2Mampei=OrjaVbjkF4n0ULaHjdAEamptbm=ischampiact=rcampuact=3ampdur=2146amppage=1ampstart=0ampndsp=30ampved=0CHQQrQMw GmoVChMIuOnjrIrBxwIVCToUCh22QwNK
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 13
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
httpwwwsecgovArchivesedgardata937966000119312514331751g784347page_012jpg
Multi-gate structures
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 14
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Hybrid 1D and 3D nanostructures
AFM topography of annealed and etched
sample
Room temperature semi-logarithmic I-V
characteristic of n-InAsp-Si heterojunction
Prucnal et al Nanolett 11 2814 (2011)
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 15
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
InAs
Hybrid 1D and 3D nanostructures
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 16
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Hybrid 1D and 3D nanostructures
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 17
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
GeOI for junctionless transistors
00 05 10 15 2010
-11
10-10
10-9
10-8
50x50x3000 nm
H x W x L
Cu
rre
nt (A
)
Voltage (V)
100 nm Ge
50 nm Ge
100x100x3000 nm
H x W x L
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 18
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Electronic transport
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 19
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
length scale transistor density
1 mm = 1m1000
1 mm = 1mm1000
1 nm = 1mm1000 Atomic distance lt 1 nm
1985 rarr 10 mm channel length
2010 rarr lt 100 nm
2015 rarr lt 20 nm
For the channel length of 10 mm size
of transisotr is 100 mm
3 cm
3 c
m
300
300
105
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 20
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
length scale transistor density
1 mm = 1m1000
1 mm = 1mm1000
1 nm = 1mm1000 Atomic distance lt 1 nm
1985 rarr 10 mm channel length
2010 rarr lt 100 nm
2015 rarr lt 20 nm
For the channel length of 100 nm size
of transisotr is 1 mm
3 cm
3 c
m
30000
30000
109
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 21
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
length scale transistor density
1 mm = 1m1000
1 mm = 1mm1000
1 nm = 1mm1000 Atomic distance lt 1 nm
1985 rarr 10 mm channel length
2010 rarr lt 100 nm
2015 rarr lt 20 nm
For the channel length of 20 nm size
of transisotr is 200 nm
3 cm
3 c
m
150000
15
00
00
109 times 25
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 22
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
length scaleelectronic transport
1 mm = 1m1000
1 mm = 1mm1000
1 nm = 1mm1000 Atomic distance lt 1 nm
S D Channel
Vo I
119933
119920=R
R determines OnOff state and is controlled by 3rd terminal
- + 1985 rarr 10 mm
2010 rarr lt 100 nm
2015 rarr lt 20 nm
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 23
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
length scaleelectronic transport
1 mm = 1m1000
1 mm = 1mm1000
1 nm = 1mm1000 Atomic distance lt 1 nm
1985 rarr 10 mm
2010 rarr lt 100 nm
2015 rarr lt 20 nm
S D
Channel
Vo I
e
e
- +
Diffusive transport
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 24
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
length scaleelectronic transport
1 mm = 1m1000
1 mm = 1mm1000
1 nm = 1mm1000 Atomic distance lt 1 nm
1985 rarr 10 mm
2010 rarr lt 100 nm
2015 rarr lt 20 nm
S D
Channel
Vo I
e
e
- +
Ballistic transport
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 25
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
length scale Ohms law
S D Channel
Vo I
R=r119923
119912 Lrarr 120782119929 rarr 120782119929 =
119945
119954120784=25kWfor ballistic transport
119933
119920=R
- +
~mm ~nm
S D Channel
L W
Vo I + -
119933
119920=R=
120646
119934119923 119933
119920=R=
120646
119934(119923 +119950119942119938119951119943119955119942119942119953119938119957119945)
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 26
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
length scale Ohms law
G Jo et al J Appl Phys 102 084508 (2007)
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 27
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Mobility
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 28
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
length scale mobility
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 29
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
length scale mobility
F Gaacutemiz 2004 Semicond Sci Technol 19 113
Ballistic transport
Diffusive transport
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 30
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
length scale mobility
Patrick S Goley and Mantu K Hudait Materials 2014 7(3) 2301-2339
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 31
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
GeOI for junctionless transistors
Xiao Yu et all ECS Solid State Lett 4 P15 (2015)
1014
1015
1019
0
100
200
300
400
500 Electron mobility
for 50 nm Ge
Mobili
ty c
m2V
s
Carrier concentration (cm-3)
SmartCut
GeOI
Epi-Ge
University of Tokyo PECVD+FLA
HZDR
20x1018
40x1018
60x1018
80x1018
10x1019
0
25
50
75
100
125
150
175
200
Carrier concentration (cm-3)
Mo
bili
ty c
m2V
s
PECVD+FLA
HZDREpi-Ge
University of Tokyo
SmartCut
GeOI
hole mobility
for 50 nm Ge
Preliminary data
Carrier mobility vs Carrier concentration in 50 nm thick Ge on insulator
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 32
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Downscaling
httpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=v2gDMj42sIM
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 33
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optoelectronic properties of semiconductors
Douglas J Paul Semicond Sci Technol 19 R75-R108 (2004)
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 34
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optoelectronic properties of semiconductors
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTRON DEVICES VOL 55 NO 1 JANUARY 2008
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 35
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optical properties of semiconductors
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 36
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optical properties of semiconductors
(a) Direct-bandgap semiconductors such as GaAs InP and GaN (b) An indirect-bandgap semiconductor such as silicon or germanium
kne0 k=0
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 37
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optical properties of semiconductors
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 38
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optical properties of semiconductors
Jia-Zhi Chen et al Opt Mater Express 4 1178-1185 (2014)
Direct bandgap energies of unstrained Ge1minus xSnx alloys (a) and calculated band edges of the
various bands for pseudomorphic Ge1minus xSnx alloys on Ge as a function of Sn composition
Ge with direct bandgap
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 39
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optical properties of semiconductors
Schematic of the effect of quantum confinement on the electronic structure of a semiconductor The arrows indicate the lowest energy absorption transition (a) Bulk semiconductor CB = conduction band VB = valence band) (b) Three lowest electron (Enle ) and hole (Enlh ) energy levels in a quantum dot The corresponding wave functions are represented by dashed lines (c) Semiconductor nanocrystal (quantum dot)
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 40
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optical properties of semiconductors
(a) Three lowest electron (Enle ) and hole (Enlh ) energy levels in a semiconductor nanocrystal quantum dot The corresponding wave functions are represented by the dashed lines Allowed optical transitions are given by the arrows (b) Assignment of the transitions in the absorption spectrum of colloidal CdTe quantum dots
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 41
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optical properties of semiconductors
Eg= band gap energy of bulk semiconductor
R = radius of quantum dot
me= effective mass of excited electron
mh= effective mass of excited hole
h = Planckrsquos constant
Energy of photons emitted by QDs
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 42
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optical properties of semiconductors
Eg= band gap energy of bulk semiconductor
R = radius of quantum dot
me= effective mass of excited electron
mh= effective mass of excited hole
h = Planckrsquos constant
Energy of photons emitted by QDs
CdS QD
1 Experimental data
2 calculation
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 43
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optical properties of semiconductors
Eg= band gap energy of bulk semiconductor
R = radius of quantum dot
me= effective mass of excited electron
mh= effective mass of excited hole
h = Planckrsquos constant
Energy of photons emitted by QDs
Advanced Biomedical Engineering book edited by Gaetano D Gargiulo Co-editor Alistair McEwan ISBN 978-953-307-555-6
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 44
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optical properties of semiconductors
Schematic representation of the quantum
confinement effect on the energy level structure of
a semiconductor material
Celso de Mello Donegaacute Chem Soc Rev 40 1512-1546 (2011)
119886119887 = 120634119898
120699119886119887
ab =0053 nm ndash dielectric constant
m ndash electron mass
m ndash effective electron mass
Bohr radius for semiconductors
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 45
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Questions
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 11
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Introduction
NEAR-TERM 2013-2020 Scaling of Si CMOS - Implementation of fully depleted SOI
Implementation of high-mobility CMOS channel materials
LONG-TERM 2021-2028 Implementation of advanced multi-gate structuresmdash ultra-thin
body multi-gate MOSFETs
httpwwwitrsnetLinks2013ITRSHome2013htm
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 12
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Multi-gate structures
httpwwwgoogledeimgresimgurl=http3A2F2Fwwwfz-juelichde2FSharedDocs2FBilder2FPGI2FPGI-92FEN2FForschung2FNanowires2FMultigatMOSFET jpg253F __blob253Dnormalampimgrefurl=http3A2F2Fwwwfz-juelichde2Fpgi2Fpgi-92FDE2FForschung2F05-Si-Nano-MOSFET2F01-Multigate2520nanowire2F_nodehtmlamph= 336ampw=600amptbnid=4kA-VMzzxXDUlM3Aampdocid=ZqBKi7JKfbji2Mampei=OrjaVbjkF4n0ULaHjdAEamptbm=ischampiact=rcampuact=3ampdur=2146amppage=1ampstart=0ampndsp=30ampved=0CHQQrQMw GmoVChMIuOnjrIrBxwIVCToUCh22QwNK
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 13
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
httpwwwsecgovArchivesedgardata937966000119312514331751g784347page_012jpg
Multi-gate structures
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 14
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Hybrid 1D and 3D nanostructures
AFM topography of annealed and etched
sample
Room temperature semi-logarithmic I-V
characteristic of n-InAsp-Si heterojunction
Prucnal et al Nanolett 11 2814 (2011)
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 15
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
InAs
Hybrid 1D and 3D nanostructures
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 16
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Hybrid 1D and 3D nanostructures
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 17
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
GeOI for junctionless transistors
00 05 10 15 2010
-11
10-10
10-9
10-8
50x50x3000 nm
H x W x L
Cu
rre
nt (A
)
Voltage (V)
100 nm Ge
50 nm Ge
100x100x3000 nm
H x W x L
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 18
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Electronic transport
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 19
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
length scale transistor density
1 mm = 1m1000
1 mm = 1mm1000
1 nm = 1mm1000 Atomic distance lt 1 nm
1985 rarr 10 mm channel length
2010 rarr lt 100 nm
2015 rarr lt 20 nm
For the channel length of 10 mm size
of transisotr is 100 mm
3 cm
3 c
m
300
300
105
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 20
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
length scale transistor density
1 mm = 1m1000
1 mm = 1mm1000
1 nm = 1mm1000 Atomic distance lt 1 nm
1985 rarr 10 mm channel length
2010 rarr lt 100 nm
2015 rarr lt 20 nm
For the channel length of 100 nm size
of transisotr is 1 mm
3 cm
3 c
m
30000
30000
109
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 21
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
length scale transistor density
1 mm = 1m1000
1 mm = 1mm1000
1 nm = 1mm1000 Atomic distance lt 1 nm
1985 rarr 10 mm channel length
2010 rarr lt 100 nm
2015 rarr lt 20 nm
For the channel length of 20 nm size
of transisotr is 200 nm
3 cm
3 c
m
150000
15
00
00
109 times 25
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 22
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
length scaleelectronic transport
1 mm = 1m1000
1 mm = 1mm1000
1 nm = 1mm1000 Atomic distance lt 1 nm
S D Channel
Vo I
119933
119920=R
R determines OnOff state and is controlled by 3rd terminal
- + 1985 rarr 10 mm
2010 rarr lt 100 nm
2015 rarr lt 20 nm
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 23
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
length scaleelectronic transport
1 mm = 1m1000
1 mm = 1mm1000
1 nm = 1mm1000 Atomic distance lt 1 nm
1985 rarr 10 mm
2010 rarr lt 100 nm
2015 rarr lt 20 nm
S D
Channel
Vo I
e
e
- +
Diffusive transport
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 24
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
length scaleelectronic transport
1 mm = 1m1000
1 mm = 1mm1000
1 nm = 1mm1000 Atomic distance lt 1 nm
1985 rarr 10 mm
2010 rarr lt 100 nm
2015 rarr lt 20 nm
S D
Channel
Vo I
e
e
- +
Ballistic transport
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 25
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
length scale Ohms law
S D Channel
Vo I
R=r119923
119912 Lrarr 120782119929 rarr 120782119929 =
119945
119954120784=25kWfor ballistic transport
119933
119920=R
- +
~mm ~nm
S D Channel
L W
Vo I + -
119933
119920=R=
120646
119934119923 119933
119920=R=
120646
119934(119923 +119950119942119938119951119943119955119942119942119953119938119957119945)
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 26
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
length scale Ohms law
G Jo et al J Appl Phys 102 084508 (2007)
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 27
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Mobility
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 28
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
length scale mobility
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 29
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
length scale mobility
F Gaacutemiz 2004 Semicond Sci Technol 19 113
Ballistic transport
Diffusive transport
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 30
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
length scale mobility
Patrick S Goley and Mantu K Hudait Materials 2014 7(3) 2301-2339
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 31
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
GeOI for junctionless transistors
Xiao Yu et all ECS Solid State Lett 4 P15 (2015)
1014
1015
1019
0
100
200
300
400
500 Electron mobility
for 50 nm Ge
Mobili
ty c
m2V
s
Carrier concentration (cm-3)
SmartCut
GeOI
Epi-Ge
University of Tokyo PECVD+FLA
HZDR
20x1018
40x1018
60x1018
80x1018
10x1019
0
25
50
75
100
125
150
175
200
Carrier concentration (cm-3)
Mo
bili
ty c
m2V
s
PECVD+FLA
HZDREpi-Ge
University of Tokyo
SmartCut
GeOI
hole mobility
for 50 nm Ge
Preliminary data
Carrier mobility vs Carrier concentration in 50 nm thick Ge on insulator
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 32
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Downscaling
httpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=v2gDMj42sIM
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 33
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optoelectronic properties of semiconductors
Douglas J Paul Semicond Sci Technol 19 R75-R108 (2004)
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 34
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optoelectronic properties of semiconductors
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTRON DEVICES VOL 55 NO 1 JANUARY 2008
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 35
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optical properties of semiconductors
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 36
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optical properties of semiconductors
(a) Direct-bandgap semiconductors such as GaAs InP and GaN (b) An indirect-bandgap semiconductor such as silicon or germanium
kne0 k=0
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 37
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optical properties of semiconductors
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 38
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optical properties of semiconductors
Jia-Zhi Chen et al Opt Mater Express 4 1178-1185 (2014)
Direct bandgap energies of unstrained Ge1minus xSnx alloys (a) and calculated band edges of the
various bands for pseudomorphic Ge1minus xSnx alloys on Ge as a function of Sn composition
Ge with direct bandgap
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 39
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optical properties of semiconductors
Schematic of the effect of quantum confinement on the electronic structure of a semiconductor The arrows indicate the lowest energy absorption transition (a) Bulk semiconductor CB = conduction band VB = valence band) (b) Three lowest electron (Enle ) and hole (Enlh ) energy levels in a quantum dot The corresponding wave functions are represented by dashed lines (c) Semiconductor nanocrystal (quantum dot)
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 40
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optical properties of semiconductors
(a) Three lowest electron (Enle ) and hole (Enlh ) energy levels in a semiconductor nanocrystal quantum dot The corresponding wave functions are represented by the dashed lines Allowed optical transitions are given by the arrows (b) Assignment of the transitions in the absorption spectrum of colloidal CdTe quantum dots
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 41
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optical properties of semiconductors
Eg= band gap energy of bulk semiconductor
R = radius of quantum dot
me= effective mass of excited electron
mh= effective mass of excited hole
h = Planckrsquos constant
Energy of photons emitted by QDs
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 42
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optical properties of semiconductors
Eg= band gap energy of bulk semiconductor
R = radius of quantum dot
me= effective mass of excited electron
mh= effective mass of excited hole
h = Planckrsquos constant
Energy of photons emitted by QDs
CdS QD
1 Experimental data
2 calculation
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 43
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optical properties of semiconductors
Eg= band gap energy of bulk semiconductor
R = radius of quantum dot
me= effective mass of excited electron
mh= effective mass of excited hole
h = Planckrsquos constant
Energy of photons emitted by QDs
Advanced Biomedical Engineering book edited by Gaetano D Gargiulo Co-editor Alistair McEwan ISBN 978-953-307-555-6
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 44
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optical properties of semiconductors
Schematic representation of the quantum
confinement effect on the energy level structure of
a semiconductor material
Celso de Mello Donegaacute Chem Soc Rev 40 1512-1546 (2011)
119886119887 = 120634119898
120699119886119887
ab =0053 nm ndash dielectric constant
m ndash electron mass
m ndash effective electron mass
Bohr radius for semiconductors
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 45
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Questions
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 12
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Multi-gate structures
httpwwwgoogledeimgresimgurl=http3A2F2Fwwwfz-juelichde2FSharedDocs2FBilder2FPGI2FPGI-92FEN2FForschung2FNanowires2FMultigatMOSFET jpg253F __blob253Dnormalampimgrefurl=http3A2F2Fwwwfz-juelichde2Fpgi2Fpgi-92FDE2FForschung2F05-Si-Nano-MOSFET2F01-Multigate2520nanowire2F_nodehtmlamph= 336ampw=600amptbnid=4kA-VMzzxXDUlM3Aampdocid=ZqBKi7JKfbji2Mampei=OrjaVbjkF4n0ULaHjdAEamptbm=ischampiact=rcampuact=3ampdur=2146amppage=1ampstart=0ampndsp=30ampved=0CHQQrQMw GmoVChMIuOnjrIrBxwIVCToUCh22QwNK
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 13
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
httpwwwsecgovArchivesedgardata937966000119312514331751g784347page_012jpg
Multi-gate structures
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 14
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Hybrid 1D and 3D nanostructures
AFM topography of annealed and etched
sample
Room temperature semi-logarithmic I-V
characteristic of n-InAsp-Si heterojunction
Prucnal et al Nanolett 11 2814 (2011)
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 15
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
InAs
Hybrid 1D and 3D nanostructures
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 16
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Hybrid 1D and 3D nanostructures
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 17
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
GeOI for junctionless transistors
00 05 10 15 2010
-11
10-10
10-9
10-8
50x50x3000 nm
H x W x L
Cu
rre
nt (A
)
Voltage (V)
100 nm Ge
50 nm Ge
100x100x3000 nm
H x W x L
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 18
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Electronic transport
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 19
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
length scale transistor density
1 mm = 1m1000
1 mm = 1mm1000
1 nm = 1mm1000 Atomic distance lt 1 nm
1985 rarr 10 mm channel length
2010 rarr lt 100 nm
2015 rarr lt 20 nm
For the channel length of 10 mm size
of transisotr is 100 mm
3 cm
3 c
m
300
300
105
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 20
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
length scale transistor density
1 mm = 1m1000
1 mm = 1mm1000
1 nm = 1mm1000 Atomic distance lt 1 nm
1985 rarr 10 mm channel length
2010 rarr lt 100 nm
2015 rarr lt 20 nm
For the channel length of 100 nm size
of transisotr is 1 mm
3 cm
3 c
m
30000
30000
109
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 21
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
length scale transistor density
1 mm = 1m1000
1 mm = 1mm1000
1 nm = 1mm1000 Atomic distance lt 1 nm
1985 rarr 10 mm channel length
2010 rarr lt 100 nm
2015 rarr lt 20 nm
For the channel length of 20 nm size
of transisotr is 200 nm
3 cm
3 c
m
150000
15
00
00
109 times 25
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 22
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
length scaleelectronic transport
1 mm = 1m1000
1 mm = 1mm1000
1 nm = 1mm1000 Atomic distance lt 1 nm
S D Channel
Vo I
119933
119920=R
R determines OnOff state and is controlled by 3rd terminal
- + 1985 rarr 10 mm
2010 rarr lt 100 nm
2015 rarr lt 20 nm
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 23
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
length scaleelectronic transport
1 mm = 1m1000
1 mm = 1mm1000
1 nm = 1mm1000 Atomic distance lt 1 nm
1985 rarr 10 mm
2010 rarr lt 100 nm
2015 rarr lt 20 nm
S D
Channel
Vo I
e
e
- +
Diffusive transport
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 24
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
length scaleelectronic transport
1 mm = 1m1000
1 mm = 1mm1000
1 nm = 1mm1000 Atomic distance lt 1 nm
1985 rarr 10 mm
2010 rarr lt 100 nm
2015 rarr lt 20 nm
S D
Channel
Vo I
e
e
- +
Ballistic transport
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 25
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
length scale Ohms law
S D Channel
Vo I
R=r119923
119912 Lrarr 120782119929 rarr 120782119929 =
119945
119954120784=25kWfor ballistic transport
119933
119920=R
- +
~mm ~nm
S D Channel
L W
Vo I + -
119933
119920=R=
120646
119934119923 119933
119920=R=
120646
119934(119923 +119950119942119938119951119943119955119942119942119953119938119957119945)
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 26
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
length scale Ohms law
G Jo et al J Appl Phys 102 084508 (2007)
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 27
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Mobility
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 28
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
length scale mobility
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 29
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
length scale mobility
F Gaacutemiz 2004 Semicond Sci Technol 19 113
Ballistic transport
Diffusive transport
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 30
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
length scale mobility
Patrick S Goley and Mantu K Hudait Materials 2014 7(3) 2301-2339
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 31
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
GeOI for junctionless transistors
Xiao Yu et all ECS Solid State Lett 4 P15 (2015)
1014
1015
1019
0
100
200
300
400
500 Electron mobility
for 50 nm Ge
Mobili
ty c
m2V
s
Carrier concentration (cm-3)
SmartCut
GeOI
Epi-Ge
University of Tokyo PECVD+FLA
HZDR
20x1018
40x1018
60x1018
80x1018
10x1019
0
25
50
75
100
125
150
175
200
Carrier concentration (cm-3)
Mo
bili
ty c
m2V
s
PECVD+FLA
HZDREpi-Ge
University of Tokyo
SmartCut
GeOI
hole mobility
for 50 nm Ge
Preliminary data
Carrier mobility vs Carrier concentration in 50 nm thick Ge on insulator
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 32
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Downscaling
httpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=v2gDMj42sIM
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 33
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optoelectronic properties of semiconductors
Douglas J Paul Semicond Sci Technol 19 R75-R108 (2004)
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 34
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optoelectronic properties of semiconductors
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTRON DEVICES VOL 55 NO 1 JANUARY 2008
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 35
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optical properties of semiconductors
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 36
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optical properties of semiconductors
(a) Direct-bandgap semiconductors such as GaAs InP and GaN (b) An indirect-bandgap semiconductor such as silicon or germanium
kne0 k=0
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 37
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optical properties of semiconductors
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 38
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optical properties of semiconductors
Jia-Zhi Chen et al Opt Mater Express 4 1178-1185 (2014)
Direct bandgap energies of unstrained Ge1minus xSnx alloys (a) and calculated band edges of the
various bands for pseudomorphic Ge1minus xSnx alloys on Ge as a function of Sn composition
Ge with direct bandgap
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 39
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optical properties of semiconductors
Schematic of the effect of quantum confinement on the electronic structure of a semiconductor The arrows indicate the lowest energy absorption transition (a) Bulk semiconductor CB = conduction band VB = valence band) (b) Three lowest electron (Enle ) and hole (Enlh ) energy levels in a quantum dot The corresponding wave functions are represented by dashed lines (c) Semiconductor nanocrystal (quantum dot)
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 40
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optical properties of semiconductors
(a) Three lowest electron (Enle ) and hole (Enlh ) energy levels in a semiconductor nanocrystal quantum dot The corresponding wave functions are represented by the dashed lines Allowed optical transitions are given by the arrows (b) Assignment of the transitions in the absorption spectrum of colloidal CdTe quantum dots
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 41
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optical properties of semiconductors
Eg= band gap energy of bulk semiconductor
R = radius of quantum dot
me= effective mass of excited electron
mh= effective mass of excited hole
h = Planckrsquos constant
Energy of photons emitted by QDs
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 42
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optical properties of semiconductors
Eg= band gap energy of bulk semiconductor
R = radius of quantum dot
me= effective mass of excited electron
mh= effective mass of excited hole
h = Planckrsquos constant
Energy of photons emitted by QDs
CdS QD
1 Experimental data
2 calculation
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 43
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optical properties of semiconductors
Eg= band gap energy of bulk semiconductor
R = radius of quantum dot
me= effective mass of excited electron
mh= effective mass of excited hole
h = Planckrsquos constant
Energy of photons emitted by QDs
Advanced Biomedical Engineering book edited by Gaetano D Gargiulo Co-editor Alistair McEwan ISBN 978-953-307-555-6
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 44
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optical properties of semiconductors
Schematic representation of the quantum
confinement effect on the energy level structure of
a semiconductor material
Celso de Mello Donegaacute Chem Soc Rev 40 1512-1546 (2011)
119886119887 = 120634119898
120699119886119887
ab =0053 nm ndash dielectric constant
m ndash electron mass
m ndash effective electron mass
Bohr radius for semiconductors
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 45
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Questions
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 13
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
httpwwwsecgovArchivesedgardata937966000119312514331751g784347page_012jpg
Multi-gate structures
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 14
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Hybrid 1D and 3D nanostructures
AFM topography of annealed and etched
sample
Room temperature semi-logarithmic I-V
characteristic of n-InAsp-Si heterojunction
Prucnal et al Nanolett 11 2814 (2011)
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 15
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
InAs
Hybrid 1D and 3D nanostructures
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 16
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Hybrid 1D and 3D nanostructures
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 17
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
GeOI for junctionless transistors
00 05 10 15 2010
-11
10-10
10-9
10-8
50x50x3000 nm
H x W x L
Cu
rre
nt (A
)
Voltage (V)
100 nm Ge
50 nm Ge
100x100x3000 nm
H x W x L
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 18
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Electronic transport
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 19
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
length scale transistor density
1 mm = 1m1000
1 mm = 1mm1000
1 nm = 1mm1000 Atomic distance lt 1 nm
1985 rarr 10 mm channel length
2010 rarr lt 100 nm
2015 rarr lt 20 nm
For the channel length of 10 mm size
of transisotr is 100 mm
3 cm
3 c
m
300
300
105
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 20
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
length scale transistor density
1 mm = 1m1000
1 mm = 1mm1000
1 nm = 1mm1000 Atomic distance lt 1 nm
1985 rarr 10 mm channel length
2010 rarr lt 100 nm
2015 rarr lt 20 nm
For the channel length of 100 nm size
of transisotr is 1 mm
3 cm
3 c
m
30000
30000
109
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 21
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
length scale transistor density
1 mm = 1m1000
1 mm = 1mm1000
1 nm = 1mm1000 Atomic distance lt 1 nm
1985 rarr 10 mm channel length
2010 rarr lt 100 nm
2015 rarr lt 20 nm
For the channel length of 20 nm size
of transisotr is 200 nm
3 cm
3 c
m
150000
15
00
00
109 times 25
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 22
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
length scaleelectronic transport
1 mm = 1m1000
1 mm = 1mm1000
1 nm = 1mm1000 Atomic distance lt 1 nm
S D Channel
Vo I
119933
119920=R
R determines OnOff state and is controlled by 3rd terminal
- + 1985 rarr 10 mm
2010 rarr lt 100 nm
2015 rarr lt 20 nm
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 23
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
length scaleelectronic transport
1 mm = 1m1000
1 mm = 1mm1000
1 nm = 1mm1000 Atomic distance lt 1 nm
1985 rarr 10 mm
2010 rarr lt 100 nm
2015 rarr lt 20 nm
S D
Channel
Vo I
e
e
- +
Diffusive transport
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 24
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
length scaleelectronic transport
1 mm = 1m1000
1 mm = 1mm1000
1 nm = 1mm1000 Atomic distance lt 1 nm
1985 rarr 10 mm
2010 rarr lt 100 nm
2015 rarr lt 20 nm
S D
Channel
Vo I
e
e
- +
Ballistic transport
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 25
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
length scale Ohms law
S D Channel
Vo I
R=r119923
119912 Lrarr 120782119929 rarr 120782119929 =
119945
119954120784=25kWfor ballistic transport
119933
119920=R
- +
~mm ~nm
S D Channel
L W
Vo I + -
119933
119920=R=
120646
119934119923 119933
119920=R=
120646
119934(119923 +119950119942119938119951119943119955119942119942119953119938119957119945)
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 26
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
length scale Ohms law
G Jo et al J Appl Phys 102 084508 (2007)
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 27
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Mobility
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 28
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
length scale mobility
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 29
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
length scale mobility
F Gaacutemiz 2004 Semicond Sci Technol 19 113
Ballistic transport
Diffusive transport
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 30
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
length scale mobility
Patrick S Goley and Mantu K Hudait Materials 2014 7(3) 2301-2339
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 31
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
GeOI for junctionless transistors
Xiao Yu et all ECS Solid State Lett 4 P15 (2015)
1014
1015
1019
0
100
200
300
400
500 Electron mobility
for 50 nm Ge
Mobili
ty c
m2V
s
Carrier concentration (cm-3)
SmartCut
GeOI
Epi-Ge
University of Tokyo PECVD+FLA
HZDR
20x1018
40x1018
60x1018
80x1018
10x1019
0
25
50
75
100
125
150
175
200
Carrier concentration (cm-3)
Mo
bili
ty c
m2V
s
PECVD+FLA
HZDREpi-Ge
University of Tokyo
SmartCut
GeOI
hole mobility
for 50 nm Ge
Preliminary data
Carrier mobility vs Carrier concentration in 50 nm thick Ge on insulator
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 32
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Downscaling
httpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=v2gDMj42sIM
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 33
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optoelectronic properties of semiconductors
Douglas J Paul Semicond Sci Technol 19 R75-R108 (2004)
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 34
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optoelectronic properties of semiconductors
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTRON DEVICES VOL 55 NO 1 JANUARY 2008
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 35
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optical properties of semiconductors
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 36
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optical properties of semiconductors
(a) Direct-bandgap semiconductors such as GaAs InP and GaN (b) An indirect-bandgap semiconductor such as silicon or germanium
kne0 k=0
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 37
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optical properties of semiconductors
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 38
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optical properties of semiconductors
Jia-Zhi Chen et al Opt Mater Express 4 1178-1185 (2014)
Direct bandgap energies of unstrained Ge1minus xSnx alloys (a) and calculated band edges of the
various bands for pseudomorphic Ge1minus xSnx alloys on Ge as a function of Sn composition
Ge with direct bandgap
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 39
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optical properties of semiconductors
Schematic of the effect of quantum confinement on the electronic structure of a semiconductor The arrows indicate the lowest energy absorption transition (a) Bulk semiconductor CB = conduction band VB = valence band) (b) Three lowest electron (Enle ) and hole (Enlh ) energy levels in a quantum dot The corresponding wave functions are represented by dashed lines (c) Semiconductor nanocrystal (quantum dot)
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 40
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optical properties of semiconductors
(a) Three lowest electron (Enle ) and hole (Enlh ) energy levels in a semiconductor nanocrystal quantum dot The corresponding wave functions are represented by the dashed lines Allowed optical transitions are given by the arrows (b) Assignment of the transitions in the absorption spectrum of colloidal CdTe quantum dots
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 41
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optical properties of semiconductors
Eg= band gap energy of bulk semiconductor
R = radius of quantum dot
me= effective mass of excited electron
mh= effective mass of excited hole
h = Planckrsquos constant
Energy of photons emitted by QDs
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 42
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optical properties of semiconductors
Eg= band gap energy of bulk semiconductor
R = radius of quantum dot
me= effective mass of excited electron
mh= effective mass of excited hole
h = Planckrsquos constant
Energy of photons emitted by QDs
CdS QD
1 Experimental data
2 calculation
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 43
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optical properties of semiconductors
Eg= band gap energy of bulk semiconductor
R = radius of quantum dot
me= effective mass of excited electron
mh= effective mass of excited hole
h = Planckrsquos constant
Energy of photons emitted by QDs
Advanced Biomedical Engineering book edited by Gaetano D Gargiulo Co-editor Alistair McEwan ISBN 978-953-307-555-6
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 44
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optical properties of semiconductors
Schematic representation of the quantum
confinement effect on the energy level structure of
a semiconductor material
Celso de Mello Donegaacute Chem Soc Rev 40 1512-1546 (2011)
119886119887 = 120634119898
120699119886119887
ab =0053 nm ndash dielectric constant
m ndash electron mass
m ndash effective electron mass
Bohr radius for semiconductors
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 45
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Questions
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 14
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Hybrid 1D and 3D nanostructures
AFM topography of annealed and etched
sample
Room temperature semi-logarithmic I-V
characteristic of n-InAsp-Si heterojunction
Prucnal et al Nanolett 11 2814 (2011)
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 15
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
InAs
Hybrid 1D and 3D nanostructures
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 16
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Hybrid 1D and 3D nanostructures
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 17
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
GeOI for junctionless transistors
00 05 10 15 2010
-11
10-10
10-9
10-8
50x50x3000 nm
H x W x L
Cu
rre
nt (A
)
Voltage (V)
100 nm Ge
50 nm Ge
100x100x3000 nm
H x W x L
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 18
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Electronic transport
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 19
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
length scale transistor density
1 mm = 1m1000
1 mm = 1mm1000
1 nm = 1mm1000 Atomic distance lt 1 nm
1985 rarr 10 mm channel length
2010 rarr lt 100 nm
2015 rarr lt 20 nm
For the channel length of 10 mm size
of transisotr is 100 mm
3 cm
3 c
m
300
300
105
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 20
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
length scale transistor density
1 mm = 1m1000
1 mm = 1mm1000
1 nm = 1mm1000 Atomic distance lt 1 nm
1985 rarr 10 mm channel length
2010 rarr lt 100 nm
2015 rarr lt 20 nm
For the channel length of 100 nm size
of transisotr is 1 mm
3 cm
3 c
m
30000
30000
109
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 21
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
length scale transistor density
1 mm = 1m1000
1 mm = 1mm1000
1 nm = 1mm1000 Atomic distance lt 1 nm
1985 rarr 10 mm channel length
2010 rarr lt 100 nm
2015 rarr lt 20 nm
For the channel length of 20 nm size
of transisotr is 200 nm
3 cm
3 c
m
150000
15
00
00
109 times 25
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 22
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
length scaleelectronic transport
1 mm = 1m1000
1 mm = 1mm1000
1 nm = 1mm1000 Atomic distance lt 1 nm
S D Channel
Vo I
119933
119920=R
R determines OnOff state and is controlled by 3rd terminal
- + 1985 rarr 10 mm
2010 rarr lt 100 nm
2015 rarr lt 20 nm
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 23
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
length scaleelectronic transport
1 mm = 1m1000
1 mm = 1mm1000
1 nm = 1mm1000 Atomic distance lt 1 nm
1985 rarr 10 mm
2010 rarr lt 100 nm
2015 rarr lt 20 nm
S D
Channel
Vo I
e
e
- +
Diffusive transport
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 24
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
length scaleelectronic transport
1 mm = 1m1000
1 mm = 1mm1000
1 nm = 1mm1000 Atomic distance lt 1 nm
1985 rarr 10 mm
2010 rarr lt 100 nm
2015 rarr lt 20 nm
S D
Channel
Vo I
e
e
- +
Ballistic transport
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 25
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
length scale Ohms law
S D Channel
Vo I
R=r119923
119912 Lrarr 120782119929 rarr 120782119929 =
119945
119954120784=25kWfor ballistic transport
119933
119920=R
- +
~mm ~nm
S D Channel
L W
Vo I + -
119933
119920=R=
120646
119934119923 119933
119920=R=
120646
119934(119923 +119950119942119938119951119943119955119942119942119953119938119957119945)
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 26
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
length scale Ohms law
G Jo et al J Appl Phys 102 084508 (2007)
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 27
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Mobility
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 28
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
length scale mobility
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 29
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
length scale mobility
F Gaacutemiz 2004 Semicond Sci Technol 19 113
Ballistic transport
Diffusive transport
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 30
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
length scale mobility
Patrick S Goley and Mantu K Hudait Materials 2014 7(3) 2301-2339
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 31
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
GeOI for junctionless transistors
Xiao Yu et all ECS Solid State Lett 4 P15 (2015)
1014
1015
1019
0
100
200
300
400
500 Electron mobility
for 50 nm Ge
Mobili
ty c
m2V
s
Carrier concentration (cm-3)
SmartCut
GeOI
Epi-Ge
University of Tokyo PECVD+FLA
HZDR
20x1018
40x1018
60x1018
80x1018
10x1019
0
25
50
75
100
125
150
175
200
Carrier concentration (cm-3)
Mo
bili
ty c
m2V
s
PECVD+FLA
HZDREpi-Ge
University of Tokyo
SmartCut
GeOI
hole mobility
for 50 nm Ge
Preliminary data
Carrier mobility vs Carrier concentration in 50 nm thick Ge on insulator
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 32
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Downscaling
httpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=v2gDMj42sIM
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 33
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optoelectronic properties of semiconductors
Douglas J Paul Semicond Sci Technol 19 R75-R108 (2004)
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 34
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optoelectronic properties of semiconductors
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTRON DEVICES VOL 55 NO 1 JANUARY 2008
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 35
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optical properties of semiconductors
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 36
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optical properties of semiconductors
(a) Direct-bandgap semiconductors such as GaAs InP and GaN (b) An indirect-bandgap semiconductor such as silicon or germanium
kne0 k=0
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 37
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optical properties of semiconductors
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 38
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optical properties of semiconductors
Jia-Zhi Chen et al Opt Mater Express 4 1178-1185 (2014)
Direct bandgap energies of unstrained Ge1minus xSnx alloys (a) and calculated band edges of the
various bands for pseudomorphic Ge1minus xSnx alloys on Ge as a function of Sn composition
Ge with direct bandgap
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 39
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optical properties of semiconductors
Schematic of the effect of quantum confinement on the electronic structure of a semiconductor The arrows indicate the lowest energy absorption transition (a) Bulk semiconductor CB = conduction band VB = valence band) (b) Three lowest electron (Enle ) and hole (Enlh ) energy levels in a quantum dot The corresponding wave functions are represented by dashed lines (c) Semiconductor nanocrystal (quantum dot)
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 40
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optical properties of semiconductors
(a) Three lowest electron (Enle ) and hole (Enlh ) energy levels in a semiconductor nanocrystal quantum dot The corresponding wave functions are represented by the dashed lines Allowed optical transitions are given by the arrows (b) Assignment of the transitions in the absorption spectrum of colloidal CdTe quantum dots
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 41
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optical properties of semiconductors
Eg= band gap energy of bulk semiconductor
R = radius of quantum dot
me= effective mass of excited electron
mh= effective mass of excited hole
h = Planckrsquos constant
Energy of photons emitted by QDs
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 42
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optical properties of semiconductors
Eg= band gap energy of bulk semiconductor
R = radius of quantum dot
me= effective mass of excited electron
mh= effective mass of excited hole
h = Planckrsquos constant
Energy of photons emitted by QDs
CdS QD
1 Experimental data
2 calculation
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 43
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optical properties of semiconductors
Eg= band gap energy of bulk semiconductor
R = radius of quantum dot
me= effective mass of excited electron
mh= effective mass of excited hole
h = Planckrsquos constant
Energy of photons emitted by QDs
Advanced Biomedical Engineering book edited by Gaetano D Gargiulo Co-editor Alistair McEwan ISBN 978-953-307-555-6
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 44
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optical properties of semiconductors
Schematic representation of the quantum
confinement effect on the energy level structure of
a semiconductor material
Celso de Mello Donegaacute Chem Soc Rev 40 1512-1546 (2011)
119886119887 = 120634119898
120699119886119887
ab =0053 nm ndash dielectric constant
m ndash electron mass
m ndash effective electron mass
Bohr radius for semiconductors
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 45
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Questions
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 15
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
InAs
Hybrid 1D and 3D nanostructures
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 16
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Hybrid 1D and 3D nanostructures
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 17
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
GeOI for junctionless transistors
00 05 10 15 2010
-11
10-10
10-9
10-8
50x50x3000 nm
H x W x L
Cu
rre
nt (A
)
Voltage (V)
100 nm Ge
50 nm Ge
100x100x3000 nm
H x W x L
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 18
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Electronic transport
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 19
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
length scale transistor density
1 mm = 1m1000
1 mm = 1mm1000
1 nm = 1mm1000 Atomic distance lt 1 nm
1985 rarr 10 mm channel length
2010 rarr lt 100 nm
2015 rarr lt 20 nm
For the channel length of 10 mm size
of transisotr is 100 mm
3 cm
3 c
m
300
300
105
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 20
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
length scale transistor density
1 mm = 1m1000
1 mm = 1mm1000
1 nm = 1mm1000 Atomic distance lt 1 nm
1985 rarr 10 mm channel length
2010 rarr lt 100 nm
2015 rarr lt 20 nm
For the channel length of 100 nm size
of transisotr is 1 mm
3 cm
3 c
m
30000
30000
109
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 21
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
length scale transistor density
1 mm = 1m1000
1 mm = 1mm1000
1 nm = 1mm1000 Atomic distance lt 1 nm
1985 rarr 10 mm channel length
2010 rarr lt 100 nm
2015 rarr lt 20 nm
For the channel length of 20 nm size
of transisotr is 200 nm
3 cm
3 c
m
150000
15
00
00
109 times 25
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 22
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
length scaleelectronic transport
1 mm = 1m1000
1 mm = 1mm1000
1 nm = 1mm1000 Atomic distance lt 1 nm
S D Channel
Vo I
119933
119920=R
R determines OnOff state and is controlled by 3rd terminal
- + 1985 rarr 10 mm
2010 rarr lt 100 nm
2015 rarr lt 20 nm
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 23
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
length scaleelectronic transport
1 mm = 1m1000
1 mm = 1mm1000
1 nm = 1mm1000 Atomic distance lt 1 nm
1985 rarr 10 mm
2010 rarr lt 100 nm
2015 rarr lt 20 nm
S D
Channel
Vo I
e
e
- +
Diffusive transport
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 24
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
length scaleelectronic transport
1 mm = 1m1000
1 mm = 1mm1000
1 nm = 1mm1000 Atomic distance lt 1 nm
1985 rarr 10 mm
2010 rarr lt 100 nm
2015 rarr lt 20 nm
S D
Channel
Vo I
e
e
- +
Ballistic transport
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 25
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
length scale Ohms law
S D Channel
Vo I
R=r119923
119912 Lrarr 120782119929 rarr 120782119929 =
119945
119954120784=25kWfor ballistic transport
119933
119920=R
- +
~mm ~nm
S D Channel
L W
Vo I + -
119933
119920=R=
120646
119934119923 119933
119920=R=
120646
119934(119923 +119950119942119938119951119943119955119942119942119953119938119957119945)
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 26
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
length scale Ohms law
G Jo et al J Appl Phys 102 084508 (2007)
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 27
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Mobility
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 28
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
length scale mobility
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 29
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
length scale mobility
F Gaacutemiz 2004 Semicond Sci Technol 19 113
Ballistic transport
Diffusive transport
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 30
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
length scale mobility
Patrick S Goley and Mantu K Hudait Materials 2014 7(3) 2301-2339
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 31
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
GeOI for junctionless transistors
Xiao Yu et all ECS Solid State Lett 4 P15 (2015)
1014
1015
1019
0
100
200
300
400
500 Electron mobility
for 50 nm Ge
Mobili
ty c
m2V
s
Carrier concentration (cm-3)
SmartCut
GeOI
Epi-Ge
University of Tokyo PECVD+FLA
HZDR
20x1018
40x1018
60x1018
80x1018
10x1019
0
25
50
75
100
125
150
175
200
Carrier concentration (cm-3)
Mo
bili
ty c
m2V
s
PECVD+FLA
HZDREpi-Ge
University of Tokyo
SmartCut
GeOI
hole mobility
for 50 nm Ge
Preliminary data
Carrier mobility vs Carrier concentration in 50 nm thick Ge on insulator
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 32
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Downscaling
httpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=v2gDMj42sIM
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 33
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optoelectronic properties of semiconductors
Douglas J Paul Semicond Sci Technol 19 R75-R108 (2004)
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 34
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optoelectronic properties of semiconductors
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTRON DEVICES VOL 55 NO 1 JANUARY 2008
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 35
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optical properties of semiconductors
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 36
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optical properties of semiconductors
(a) Direct-bandgap semiconductors such as GaAs InP and GaN (b) An indirect-bandgap semiconductor such as silicon or germanium
kne0 k=0
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 37
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optical properties of semiconductors
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 38
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optical properties of semiconductors
Jia-Zhi Chen et al Opt Mater Express 4 1178-1185 (2014)
Direct bandgap energies of unstrained Ge1minus xSnx alloys (a) and calculated band edges of the
various bands for pseudomorphic Ge1minus xSnx alloys on Ge as a function of Sn composition
Ge with direct bandgap
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 39
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optical properties of semiconductors
Schematic of the effect of quantum confinement on the electronic structure of a semiconductor The arrows indicate the lowest energy absorption transition (a) Bulk semiconductor CB = conduction band VB = valence band) (b) Three lowest electron (Enle ) and hole (Enlh ) energy levels in a quantum dot The corresponding wave functions are represented by dashed lines (c) Semiconductor nanocrystal (quantum dot)
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 40
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optical properties of semiconductors
(a) Three lowest electron (Enle ) and hole (Enlh ) energy levels in a semiconductor nanocrystal quantum dot The corresponding wave functions are represented by the dashed lines Allowed optical transitions are given by the arrows (b) Assignment of the transitions in the absorption spectrum of colloidal CdTe quantum dots
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 41
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optical properties of semiconductors
Eg= band gap energy of bulk semiconductor
R = radius of quantum dot
me= effective mass of excited electron
mh= effective mass of excited hole
h = Planckrsquos constant
Energy of photons emitted by QDs
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 42
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optical properties of semiconductors
Eg= band gap energy of bulk semiconductor
R = radius of quantum dot
me= effective mass of excited electron
mh= effective mass of excited hole
h = Planckrsquos constant
Energy of photons emitted by QDs
CdS QD
1 Experimental data
2 calculation
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 43
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optical properties of semiconductors
Eg= band gap energy of bulk semiconductor
R = radius of quantum dot
me= effective mass of excited electron
mh= effective mass of excited hole
h = Planckrsquos constant
Energy of photons emitted by QDs
Advanced Biomedical Engineering book edited by Gaetano D Gargiulo Co-editor Alistair McEwan ISBN 978-953-307-555-6
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 44
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optical properties of semiconductors
Schematic representation of the quantum
confinement effect on the energy level structure of
a semiconductor material
Celso de Mello Donegaacute Chem Soc Rev 40 1512-1546 (2011)
119886119887 = 120634119898
120699119886119887
ab =0053 nm ndash dielectric constant
m ndash electron mass
m ndash effective electron mass
Bohr radius for semiconductors
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 45
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Questions
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 16
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Hybrid 1D and 3D nanostructures
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 17
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
GeOI for junctionless transistors
00 05 10 15 2010
-11
10-10
10-9
10-8
50x50x3000 nm
H x W x L
Cu
rre
nt (A
)
Voltage (V)
100 nm Ge
50 nm Ge
100x100x3000 nm
H x W x L
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 18
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Electronic transport
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 19
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
length scale transistor density
1 mm = 1m1000
1 mm = 1mm1000
1 nm = 1mm1000 Atomic distance lt 1 nm
1985 rarr 10 mm channel length
2010 rarr lt 100 nm
2015 rarr lt 20 nm
For the channel length of 10 mm size
of transisotr is 100 mm
3 cm
3 c
m
300
300
105
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 20
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
length scale transistor density
1 mm = 1m1000
1 mm = 1mm1000
1 nm = 1mm1000 Atomic distance lt 1 nm
1985 rarr 10 mm channel length
2010 rarr lt 100 nm
2015 rarr lt 20 nm
For the channel length of 100 nm size
of transisotr is 1 mm
3 cm
3 c
m
30000
30000
109
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 21
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
length scale transistor density
1 mm = 1m1000
1 mm = 1mm1000
1 nm = 1mm1000 Atomic distance lt 1 nm
1985 rarr 10 mm channel length
2010 rarr lt 100 nm
2015 rarr lt 20 nm
For the channel length of 20 nm size
of transisotr is 200 nm
3 cm
3 c
m
150000
15
00
00
109 times 25
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 22
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
length scaleelectronic transport
1 mm = 1m1000
1 mm = 1mm1000
1 nm = 1mm1000 Atomic distance lt 1 nm
S D Channel
Vo I
119933
119920=R
R determines OnOff state and is controlled by 3rd terminal
- + 1985 rarr 10 mm
2010 rarr lt 100 nm
2015 rarr lt 20 nm
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 23
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
length scaleelectronic transport
1 mm = 1m1000
1 mm = 1mm1000
1 nm = 1mm1000 Atomic distance lt 1 nm
1985 rarr 10 mm
2010 rarr lt 100 nm
2015 rarr lt 20 nm
S D
Channel
Vo I
e
e
- +
Diffusive transport
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 24
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
length scaleelectronic transport
1 mm = 1m1000
1 mm = 1mm1000
1 nm = 1mm1000 Atomic distance lt 1 nm
1985 rarr 10 mm
2010 rarr lt 100 nm
2015 rarr lt 20 nm
S D
Channel
Vo I
e
e
- +
Ballistic transport
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 25
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
length scale Ohms law
S D Channel
Vo I
R=r119923
119912 Lrarr 120782119929 rarr 120782119929 =
119945
119954120784=25kWfor ballistic transport
119933
119920=R
- +
~mm ~nm
S D Channel
L W
Vo I + -
119933
119920=R=
120646
119934119923 119933
119920=R=
120646
119934(119923 +119950119942119938119951119943119955119942119942119953119938119957119945)
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 26
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
length scale Ohms law
G Jo et al J Appl Phys 102 084508 (2007)
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 27
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Mobility
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 28
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
length scale mobility
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 29
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
length scale mobility
F Gaacutemiz 2004 Semicond Sci Technol 19 113
Ballistic transport
Diffusive transport
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 30
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
length scale mobility
Patrick S Goley and Mantu K Hudait Materials 2014 7(3) 2301-2339
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 31
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
GeOI for junctionless transistors
Xiao Yu et all ECS Solid State Lett 4 P15 (2015)
1014
1015
1019
0
100
200
300
400
500 Electron mobility
for 50 nm Ge
Mobili
ty c
m2V
s
Carrier concentration (cm-3)
SmartCut
GeOI
Epi-Ge
University of Tokyo PECVD+FLA
HZDR
20x1018
40x1018
60x1018
80x1018
10x1019
0
25
50
75
100
125
150
175
200
Carrier concentration (cm-3)
Mo
bili
ty c
m2V
s
PECVD+FLA
HZDREpi-Ge
University of Tokyo
SmartCut
GeOI
hole mobility
for 50 nm Ge
Preliminary data
Carrier mobility vs Carrier concentration in 50 nm thick Ge on insulator
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 32
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Downscaling
httpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=v2gDMj42sIM
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 33
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optoelectronic properties of semiconductors
Douglas J Paul Semicond Sci Technol 19 R75-R108 (2004)
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 34
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optoelectronic properties of semiconductors
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTRON DEVICES VOL 55 NO 1 JANUARY 2008
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 35
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optical properties of semiconductors
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 36
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optical properties of semiconductors
(a) Direct-bandgap semiconductors such as GaAs InP and GaN (b) An indirect-bandgap semiconductor such as silicon or germanium
kne0 k=0
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 37
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optical properties of semiconductors
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 38
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optical properties of semiconductors
Jia-Zhi Chen et al Opt Mater Express 4 1178-1185 (2014)
Direct bandgap energies of unstrained Ge1minus xSnx alloys (a) and calculated band edges of the
various bands for pseudomorphic Ge1minus xSnx alloys on Ge as a function of Sn composition
Ge with direct bandgap
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 39
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optical properties of semiconductors
Schematic of the effect of quantum confinement on the electronic structure of a semiconductor The arrows indicate the lowest energy absorption transition (a) Bulk semiconductor CB = conduction band VB = valence band) (b) Three lowest electron (Enle ) and hole (Enlh ) energy levels in a quantum dot The corresponding wave functions are represented by dashed lines (c) Semiconductor nanocrystal (quantum dot)
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 40
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optical properties of semiconductors
(a) Three lowest electron (Enle ) and hole (Enlh ) energy levels in a semiconductor nanocrystal quantum dot The corresponding wave functions are represented by the dashed lines Allowed optical transitions are given by the arrows (b) Assignment of the transitions in the absorption spectrum of colloidal CdTe quantum dots
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 41
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optical properties of semiconductors
Eg= band gap energy of bulk semiconductor
R = radius of quantum dot
me= effective mass of excited electron
mh= effective mass of excited hole
h = Planckrsquos constant
Energy of photons emitted by QDs
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 42
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optical properties of semiconductors
Eg= band gap energy of bulk semiconductor
R = radius of quantum dot
me= effective mass of excited electron
mh= effective mass of excited hole
h = Planckrsquos constant
Energy of photons emitted by QDs
CdS QD
1 Experimental data
2 calculation
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 43
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optical properties of semiconductors
Eg= band gap energy of bulk semiconductor
R = radius of quantum dot
me= effective mass of excited electron
mh= effective mass of excited hole
h = Planckrsquos constant
Energy of photons emitted by QDs
Advanced Biomedical Engineering book edited by Gaetano D Gargiulo Co-editor Alistair McEwan ISBN 978-953-307-555-6
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 44
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optical properties of semiconductors
Schematic representation of the quantum
confinement effect on the energy level structure of
a semiconductor material
Celso de Mello Donegaacute Chem Soc Rev 40 1512-1546 (2011)
119886119887 = 120634119898
120699119886119887
ab =0053 nm ndash dielectric constant
m ndash electron mass
m ndash effective electron mass
Bohr radius for semiconductors
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 45
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Questions
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 17
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
GeOI for junctionless transistors
00 05 10 15 2010
-11
10-10
10-9
10-8
50x50x3000 nm
H x W x L
Cu
rre
nt (A
)
Voltage (V)
100 nm Ge
50 nm Ge
100x100x3000 nm
H x W x L
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 18
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Electronic transport
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 19
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
length scale transistor density
1 mm = 1m1000
1 mm = 1mm1000
1 nm = 1mm1000 Atomic distance lt 1 nm
1985 rarr 10 mm channel length
2010 rarr lt 100 nm
2015 rarr lt 20 nm
For the channel length of 10 mm size
of transisotr is 100 mm
3 cm
3 c
m
300
300
105
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 20
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
length scale transistor density
1 mm = 1m1000
1 mm = 1mm1000
1 nm = 1mm1000 Atomic distance lt 1 nm
1985 rarr 10 mm channel length
2010 rarr lt 100 nm
2015 rarr lt 20 nm
For the channel length of 100 nm size
of transisotr is 1 mm
3 cm
3 c
m
30000
30000
109
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 21
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
length scale transistor density
1 mm = 1m1000
1 mm = 1mm1000
1 nm = 1mm1000 Atomic distance lt 1 nm
1985 rarr 10 mm channel length
2010 rarr lt 100 nm
2015 rarr lt 20 nm
For the channel length of 20 nm size
of transisotr is 200 nm
3 cm
3 c
m
150000
15
00
00
109 times 25
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 22
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
length scaleelectronic transport
1 mm = 1m1000
1 mm = 1mm1000
1 nm = 1mm1000 Atomic distance lt 1 nm
S D Channel
Vo I
119933
119920=R
R determines OnOff state and is controlled by 3rd terminal
- + 1985 rarr 10 mm
2010 rarr lt 100 nm
2015 rarr lt 20 nm
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 23
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
length scaleelectronic transport
1 mm = 1m1000
1 mm = 1mm1000
1 nm = 1mm1000 Atomic distance lt 1 nm
1985 rarr 10 mm
2010 rarr lt 100 nm
2015 rarr lt 20 nm
S D
Channel
Vo I
e
e
- +
Diffusive transport
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 24
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
length scaleelectronic transport
1 mm = 1m1000
1 mm = 1mm1000
1 nm = 1mm1000 Atomic distance lt 1 nm
1985 rarr 10 mm
2010 rarr lt 100 nm
2015 rarr lt 20 nm
S D
Channel
Vo I
e
e
- +
Ballistic transport
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 25
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
length scale Ohms law
S D Channel
Vo I
R=r119923
119912 Lrarr 120782119929 rarr 120782119929 =
119945
119954120784=25kWfor ballistic transport
119933
119920=R
- +
~mm ~nm
S D Channel
L W
Vo I + -
119933
119920=R=
120646
119934119923 119933
119920=R=
120646
119934(119923 +119950119942119938119951119943119955119942119942119953119938119957119945)
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 26
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
length scale Ohms law
G Jo et al J Appl Phys 102 084508 (2007)
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 27
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Mobility
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 28
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
length scale mobility
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 29
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
length scale mobility
F Gaacutemiz 2004 Semicond Sci Technol 19 113
Ballistic transport
Diffusive transport
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 30
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
length scale mobility
Patrick S Goley and Mantu K Hudait Materials 2014 7(3) 2301-2339
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 31
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
GeOI for junctionless transistors
Xiao Yu et all ECS Solid State Lett 4 P15 (2015)
1014
1015
1019
0
100
200
300
400
500 Electron mobility
for 50 nm Ge
Mobili
ty c
m2V
s
Carrier concentration (cm-3)
SmartCut
GeOI
Epi-Ge
University of Tokyo PECVD+FLA
HZDR
20x1018
40x1018
60x1018
80x1018
10x1019
0
25
50
75
100
125
150
175
200
Carrier concentration (cm-3)
Mo
bili
ty c
m2V
s
PECVD+FLA
HZDREpi-Ge
University of Tokyo
SmartCut
GeOI
hole mobility
for 50 nm Ge
Preliminary data
Carrier mobility vs Carrier concentration in 50 nm thick Ge on insulator
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 32
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Downscaling
httpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=v2gDMj42sIM
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 33
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optoelectronic properties of semiconductors
Douglas J Paul Semicond Sci Technol 19 R75-R108 (2004)
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 34
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optoelectronic properties of semiconductors
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTRON DEVICES VOL 55 NO 1 JANUARY 2008
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 35
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optical properties of semiconductors
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 36
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optical properties of semiconductors
(a) Direct-bandgap semiconductors such as GaAs InP and GaN (b) An indirect-bandgap semiconductor such as silicon or germanium
kne0 k=0
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 37
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optical properties of semiconductors
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 38
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optical properties of semiconductors
Jia-Zhi Chen et al Opt Mater Express 4 1178-1185 (2014)
Direct bandgap energies of unstrained Ge1minus xSnx alloys (a) and calculated band edges of the
various bands for pseudomorphic Ge1minus xSnx alloys on Ge as a function of Sn composition
Ge with direct bandgap
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 39
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optical properties of semiconductors
Schematic of the effect of quantum confinement on the electronic structure of a semiconductor The arrows indicate the lowest energy absorption transition (a) Bulk semiconductor CB = conduction band VB = valence band) (b) Three lowest electron (Enle ) and hole (Enlh ) energy levels in a quantum dot The corresponding wave functions are represented by dashed lines (c) Semiconductor nanocrystal (quantum dot)
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 40
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optical properties of semiconductors
(a) Three lowest electron (Enle ) and hole (Enlh ) energy levels in a semiconductor nanocrystal quantum dot The corresponding wave functions are represented by the dashed lines Allowed optical transitions are given by the arrows (b) Assignment of the transitions in the absorption spectrum of colloidal CdTe quantum dots
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 41
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optical properties of semiconductors
Eg= band gap energy of bulk semiconductor
R = radius of quantum dot
me= effective mass of excited electron
mh= effective mass of excited hole
h = Planckrsquos constant
Energy of photons emitted by QDs
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 42
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optical properties of semiconductors
Eg= band gap energy of bulk semiconductor
R = radius of quantum dot
me= effective mass of excited electron
mh= effective mass of excited hole
h = Planckrsquos constant
Energy of photons emitted by QDs
CdS QD
1 Experimental data
2 calculation
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 43
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optical properties of semiconductors
Eg= band gap energy of bulk semiconductor
R = radius of quantum dot
me= effective mass of excited electron
mh= effective mass of excited hole
h = Planckrsquos constant
Energy of photons emitted by QDs
Advanced Biomedical Engineering book edited by Gaetano D Gargiulo Co-editor Alistair McEwan ISBN 978-953-307-555-6
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 44
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optical properties of semiconductors
Schematic representation of the quantum
confinement effect on the energy level structure of
a semiconductor material
Celso de Mello Donegaacute Chem Soc Rev 40 1512-1546 (2011)
119886119887 = 120634119898
120699119886119887
ab =0053 nm ndash dielectric constant
m ndash electron mass
m ndash effective electron mass
Bohr radius for semiconductors
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 45
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Questions
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 18
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Electronic transport
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 19
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
length scale transistor density
1 mm = 1m1000
1 mm = 1mm1000
1 nm = 1mm1000 Atomic distance lt 1 nm
1985 rarr 10 mm channel length
2010 rarr lt 100 nm
2015 rarr lt 20 nm
For the channel length of 10 mm size
of transisotr is 100 mm
3 cm
3 c
m
300
300
105
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 20
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
length scale transistor density
1 mm = 1m1000
1 mm = 1mm1000
1 nm = 1mm1000 Atomic distance lt 1 nm
1985 rarr 10 mm channel length
2010 rarr lt 100 nm
2015 rarr lt 20 nm
For the channel length of 100 nm size
of transisotr is 1 mm
3 cm
3 c
m
30000
30000
109
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 21
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
length scale transistor density
1 mm = 1m1000
1 mm = 1mm1000
1 nm = 1mm1000 Atomic distance lt 1 nm
1985 rarr 10 mm channel length
2010 rarr lt 100 nm
2015 rarr lt 20 nm
For the channel length of 20 nm size
of transisotr is 200 nm
3 cm
3 c
m
150000
15
00
00
109 times 25
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 22
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
length scaleelectronic transport
1 mm = 1m1000
1 mm = 1mm1000
1 nm = 1mm1000 Atomic distance lt 1 nm
S D Channel
Vo I
119933
119920=R
R determines OnOff state and is controlled by 3rd terminal
- + 1985 rarr 10 mm
2010 rarr lt 100 nm
2015 rarr lt 20 nm
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 23
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
length scaleelectronic transport
1 mm = 1m1000
1 mm = 1mm1000
1 nm = 1mm1000 Atomic distance lt 1 nm
1985 rarr 10 mm
2010 rarr lt 100 nm
2015 rarr lt 20 nm
S D
Channel
Vo I
e
e
- +
Diffusive transport
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 24
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
length scaleelectronic transport
1 mm = 1m1000
1 mm = 1mm1000
1 nm = 1mm1000 Atomic distance lt 1 nm
1985 rarr 10 mm
2010 rarr lt 100 nm
2015 rarr lt 20 nm
S D
Channel
Vo I
e
e
- +
Ballistic transport
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 25
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
length scale Ohms law
S D Channel
Vo I
R=r119923
119912 Lrarr 120782119929 rarr 120782119929 =
119945
119954120784=25kWfor ballistic transport
119933
119920=R
- +
~mm ~nm
S D Channel
L W
Vo I + -
119933
119920=R=
120646
119934119923 119933
119920=R=
120646
119934(119923 +119950119942119938119951119943119955119942119942119953119938119957119945)
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 26
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
length scale Ohms law
G Jo et al J Appl Phys 102 084508 (2007)
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 27
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Mobility
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 28
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
length scale mobility
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 29
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
length scale mobility
F Gaacutemiz 2004 Semicond Sci Technol 19 113
Ballistic transport
Diffusive transport
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 30
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
length scale mobility
Patrick S Goley and Mantu K Hudait Materials 2014 7(3) 2301-2339
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 31
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
GeOI for junctionless transistors
Xiao Yu et all ECS Solid State Lett 4 P15 (2015)
1014
1015
1019
0
100
200
300
400
500 Electron mobility
for 50 nm Ge
Mobili
ty c
m2V
s
Carrier concentration (cm-3)
SmartCut
GeOI
Epi-Ge
University of Tokyo PECVD+FLA
HZDR
20x1018
40x1018
60x1018
80x1018
10x1019
0
25
50
75
100
125
150
175
200
Carrier concentration (cm-3)
Mo
bili
ty c
m2V
s
PECVD+FLA
HZDREpi-Ge
University of Tokyo
SmartCut
GeOI
hole mobility
for 50 nm Ge
Preliminary data
Carrier mobility vs Carrier concentration in 50 nm thick Ge on insulator
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 32
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Downscaling
httpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=v2gDMj42sIM
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 33
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optoelectronic properties of semiconductors
Douglas J Paul Semicond Sci Technol 19 R75-R108 (2004)
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 34
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optoelectronic properties of semiconductors
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTRON DEVICES VOL 55 NO 1 JANUARY 2008
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 35
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optical properties of semiconductors
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 36
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optical properties of semiconductors
(a) Direct-bandgap semiconductors such as GaAs InP and GaN (b) An indirect-bandgap semiconductor such as silicon or germanium
kne0 k=0
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 37
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optical properties of semiconductors
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 38
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optical properties of semiconductors
Jia-Zhi Chen et al Opt Mater Express 4 1178-1185 (2014)
Direct bandgap energies of unstrained Ge1minus xSnx alloys (a) and calculated band edges of the
various bands for pseudomorphic Ge1minus xSnx alloys on Ge as a function of Sn composition
Ge with direct bandgap
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 39
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optical properties of semiconductors
Schematic of the effect of quantum confinement on the electronic structure of a semiconductor The arrows indicate the lowest energy absorption transition (a) Bulk semiconductor CB = conduction band VB = valence band) (b) Three lowest electron (Enle ) and hole (Enlh ) energy levels in a quantum dot The corresponding wave functions are represented by dashed lines (c) Semiconductor nanocrystal (quantum dot)
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 40
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optical properties of semiconductors
(a) Three lowest electron (Enle ) and hole (Enlh ) energy levels in a semiconductor nanocrystal quantum dot The corresponding wave functions are represented by the dashed lines Allowed optical transitions are given by the arrows (b) Assignment of the transitions in the absorption spectrum of colloidal CdTe quantum dots
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 41
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optical properties of semiconductors
Eg= band gap energy of bulk semiconductor
R = radius of quantum dot
me= effective mass of excited electron
mh= effective mass of excited hole
h = Planckrsquos constant
Energy of photons emitted by QDs
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 42
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optical properties of semiconductors
Eg= band gap energy of bulk semiconductor
R = radius of quantum dot
me= effective mass of excited electron
mh= effective mass of excited hole
h = Planckrsquos constant
Energy of photons emitted by QDs
CdS QD
1 Experimental data
2 calculation
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 43
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optical properties of semiconductors
Eg= band gap energy of bulk semiconductor
R = radius of quantum dot
me= effective mass of excited electron
mh= effective mass of excited hole
h = Planckrsquos constant
Energy of photons emitted by QDs
Advanced Biomedical Engineering book edited by Gaetano D Gargiulo Co-editor Alistair McEwan ISBN 978-953-307-555-6
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 44
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optical properties of semiconductors
Schematic representation of the quantum
confinement effect on the energy level structure of
a semiconductor material
Celso de Mello Donegaacute Chem Soc Rev 40 1512-1546 (2011)
119886119887 = 120634119898
120699119886119887
ab =0053 nm ndash dielectric constant
m ndash electron mass
m ndash effective electron mass
Bohr radius for semiconductors
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 45
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Questions
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 19
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
length scale transistor density
1 mm = 1m1000
1 mm = 1mm1000
1 nm = 1mm1000 Atomic distance lt 1 nm
1985 rarr 10 mm channel length
2010 rarr lt 100 nm
2015 rarr lt 20 nm
For the channel length of 10 mm size
of transisotr is 100 mm
3 cm
3 c
m
300
300
105
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 20
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
length scale transistor density
1 mm = 1m1000
1 mm = 1mm1000
1 nm = 1mm1000 Atomic distance lt 1 nm
1985 rarr 10 mm channel length
2010 rarr lt 100 nm
2015 rarr lt 20 nm
For the channel length of 100 nm size
of transisotr is 1 mm
3 cm
3 c
m
30000
30000
109
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 21
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
length scale transistor density
1 mm = 1m1000
1 mm = 1mm1000
1 nm = 1mm1000 Atomic distance lt 1 nm
1985 rarr 10 mm channel length
2010 rarr lt 100 nm
2015 rarr lt 20 nm
For the channel length of 20 nm size
of transisotr is 200 nm
3 cm
3 c
m
150000
15
00
00
109 times 25
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 22
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
length scaleelectronic transport
1 mm = 1m1000
1 mm = 1mm1000
1 nm = 1mm1000 Atomic distance lt 1 nm
S D Channel
Vo I
119933
119920=R
R determines OnOff state and is controlled by 3rd terminal
- + 1985 rarr 10 mm
2010 rarr lt 100 nm
2015 rarr lt 20 nm
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 23
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
length scaleelectronic transport
1 mm = 1m1000
1 mm = 1mm1000
1 nm = 1mm1000 Atomic distance lt 1 nm
1985 rarr 10 mm
2010 rarr lt 100 nm
2015 rarr lt 20 nm
S D
Channel
Vo I
e
e
- +
Diffusive transport
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 24
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
length scaleelectronic transport
1 mm = 1m1000
1 mm = 1mm1000
1 nm = 1mm1000 Atomic distance lt 1 nm
1985 rarr 10 mm
2010 rarr lt 100 nm
2015 rarr lt 20 nm
S D
Channel
Vo I
e
e
- +
Ballistic transport
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 25
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
length scale Ohms law
S D Channel
Vo I
R=r119923
119912 Lrarr 120782119929 rarr 120782119929 =
119945
119954120784=25kWfor ballistic transport
119933
119920=R
- +
~mm ~nm
S D Channel
L W
Vo I + -
119933
119920=R=
120646
119934119923 119933
119920=R=
120646
119934(119923 +119950119942119938119951119943119955119942119942119953119938119957119945)
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 26
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
length scale Ohms law
G Jo et al J Appl Phys 102 084508 (2007)
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 27
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Mobility
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 28
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
length scale mobility
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 29
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
length scale mobility
F Gaacutemiz 2004 Semicond Sci Technol 19 113
Ballistic transport
Diffusive transport
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 30
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
length scale mobility
Patrick S Goley and Mantu K Hudait Materials 2014 7(3) 2301-2339
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 31
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
GeOI for junctionless transistors
Xiao Yu et all ECS Solid State Lett 4 P15 (2015)
1014
1015
1019
0
100
200
300
400
500 Electron mobility
for 50 nm Ge
Mobili
ty c
m2V
s
Carrier concentration (cm-3)
SmartCut
GeOI
Epi-Ge
University of Tokyo PECVD+FLA
HZDR
20x1018
40x1018
60x1018
80x1018
10x1019
0
25
50
75
100
125
150
175
200
Carrier concentration (cm-3)
Mo
bili
ty c
m2V
s
PECVD+FLA
HZDREpi-Ge
University of Tokyo
SmartCut
GeOI
hole mobility
for 50 nm Ge
Preliminary data
Carrier mobility vs Carrier concentration in 50 nm thick Ge on insulator
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 32
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Downscaling
httpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=v2gDMj42sIM
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 33
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optoelectronic properties of semiconductors
Douglas J Paul Semicond Sci Technol 19 R75-R108 (2004)
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 34
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optoelectronic properties of semiconductors
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTRON DEVICES VOL 55 NO 1 JANUARY 2008
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 35
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optical properties of semiconductors
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 36
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optical properties of semiconductors
(a) Direct-bandgap semiconductors such as GaAs InP and GaN (b) An indirect-bandgap semiconductor such as silicon or germanium
kne0 k=0
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 37
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optical properties of semiconductors
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 38
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optical properties of semiconductors
Jia-Zhi Chen et al Opt Mater Express 4 1178-1185 (2014)
Direct bandgap energies of unstrained Ge1minus xSnx alloys (a) and calculated band edges of the
various bands for pseudomorphic Ge1minus xSnx alloys on Ge as a function of Sn composition
Ge with direct bandgap
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 39
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optical properties of semiconductors
Schematic of the effect of quantum confinement on the electronic structure of a semiconductor The arrows indicate the lowest energy absorption transition (a) Bulk semiconductor CB = conduction band VB = valence band) (b) Three lowest electron (Enle ) and hole (Enlh ) energy levels in a quantum dot The corresponding wave functions are represented by dashed lines (c) Semiconductor nanocrystal (quantum dot)
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 40
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optical properties of semiconductors
(a) Three lowest electron (Enle ) and hole (Enlh ) energy levels in a semiconductor nanocrystal quantum dot The corresponding wave functions are represented by the dashed lines Allowed optical transitions are given by the arrows (b) Assignment of the transitions in the absorption spectrum of colloidal CdTe quantum dots
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 41
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optical properties of semiconductors
Eg= band gap energy of bulk semiconductor
R = radius of quantum dot
me= effective mass of excited electron
mh= effective mass of excited hole
h = Planckrsquos constant
Energy of photons emitted by QDs
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 42
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optical properties of semiconductors
Eg= band gap energy of bulk semiconductor
R = radius of quantum dot
me= effective mass of excited electron
mh= effective mass of excited hole
h = Planckrsquos constant
Energy of photons emitted by QDs
CdS QD
1 Experimental data
2 calculation
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 43
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optical properties of semiconductors
Eg= band gap energy of bulk semiconductor
R = radius of quantum dot
me= effective mass of excited electron
mh= effective mass of excited hole
h = Planckrsquos constant
Energy of photons emitted by QDs
Advanced Biomedical Engineering book edited by Gaetano D Gargiulo Co-editor Alistair McEwan ISBN 978-953-307-555-6
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 44
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optical properties of semiconductors
Schematic representation of the quantum
confinement effect on the energy level structure of
a semiconductor material
Celso de Mello Donegaacute Chem Soc Rev 40 1512-1546 (2011)
119886119887 = 120634119898
120699119886119887
ab =0053 nm ndash dielectric constant
m ndash electron mass
m ndash effective electron mass
Bohr radius for semiconductors
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 45
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Questions
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 20
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
length scale transistor density
1 mm = 1m1000
1 mm = 1mm1000
1 nm = 1mm1000 Atomic distance lt 1 nm
1985 rarr 10 mm channel length
2010 rarr lt 100 nm
2015 rarr lt 20 nm
For the channel length of 100 nm size
of transisotr is 1 mm
3 cm
3 c
m
30000
30000
109
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 21
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
length scale transistor density
1 mm = 1m1000
1 mm = 1mm1000
1 nm = 1mm1000 Atomic distance lt 1 nm
1985 rarr 10 mm channel length
2010 rarr lt 100 nm
2015 rarr lt 20 nm
For the channel length of 20 nm size
of transisotr is 200 nm
3 cm
3 c
m
150000
15
00
00
109 times 25
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 22
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
length scaleelectronic transport
1 mm = 1m1000
1 mm = 1mm1000
1 nm = 1mm1000 Atomic distance lt 1 nm
S D Channel
Vo I
119933
119920=R
R determines OnOff state and is controlled by 3rd terminal
- + 1985 rarr 10 mm
2010 rarr lt 100 nm
2015 rarr lt 20 nm
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 23
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
length scaleelectronic transport
1 mm = 1m1000
1 mm = 1mm1000
1 nm = 1mm1000 Atomic distance lt 1 nm
1985 rarr 10 mm
2010 rarr lt 100 nm
2015 rarr lt 20 nm
S D
Channel
Vo I
e
e
- +
Diffusive transport
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 24
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
length scaleelectronic transport
1 mm = 1m1000
1 mm = 1mm1000
1 nm = 1mm1000 Atomic distance lt 1 nm
1985 rarr 10 mm
2010 rarr lt 100 nm
2015 rarr lt 20 nm
S D
Channel
Vo I
e
e
- +
Ballistic transport
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 25
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
length scale Ohms law
S D Channel
Vo I
R=r119923
119912 Lrarr 120782119929 rarr 120782119929 =
119945
119954120784=25kWfor ballistic transport
119933
119920=R
- +
~mm ~nm
S D Channel
L W
Vo I + -
119933
119920=R=
120646
119934119923 119933
119920=R=
120646
119934(119923 +119950119942119938119951119943119955119942119942119953119938119957119945)
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 26
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
length scale Ohms law
G Jo et al J Appl Phys 102 084508 (2007)
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 27
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Mobility
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 28
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
length scale mobility
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 29
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
length scale mobility
F Gaacutemiz 2004 Semicond Sci Technol 19 113
Ballistic transport
Diffusive transport
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 30
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
length scale mobility
Patrick S Goley and Mantu K Hudait Materials 2014 7(3) 2301-2339
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 31
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
GeOI for junctionless transistors
Xiao Yu et all ECS Solid State Lett 4 P15 (2015)
1014
1015
1019
0
100
200
300
400
500 Electron mobility
for 50 nm Ge
Mobili
ty c
m2V
s
Carrier concentration (cm-3)
SmartCut
GeOI
Epi-Ge
University of Tokyo PECVD+FLA
HZDR
20x1018
40x1018
60x1018
80x1018
10x1019
0
25
50
75
100
125
150
175
200
Carrier concentration (cm-3)
Mo
bili
ty c
m2V
s
PECVD+FLA
HZDREpi-Ge
University of Tokyo
SmartCut
GeOI
hole mobility
for 50 nm Ge
Preliminary data
Carrier mobility vs Carrier concentration in 50 nm thick Ge on insulator
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 32
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Downscaling
httpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=v2gDMj42sIM
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 33
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optoelectronic properties of semiconductors
Douglas J Paul Semicond Sci Technol 19 R75-R108 (2004)
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 34
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optoelectronic properties of semiconductors
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTRON DEVICES VOL 55 NO 1 JANUARY 2008
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 35
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optical properties of semiconductors
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 36
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optical properties of semiconductors
(a) Direct-bandgap semiconductors such as GaAs InP and GaN (b) An indirect-bandgap semiconductor such as silicon or germanium
kne0 k=0
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 37
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optical properties of semiconductors
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 38
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optical properties of semiconductors
Jia-Zhi Chen et al Opt Mater Express 4 1178-1185 (2014)
Direct bandgap energies of unstrained Ge1minus xSnx alloys (a) and calculated band edges of the
various bands for pseudomorphic Ge1minus xSnx alloys on Ge as a function of Sn composition
Ge with direct bandgap
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 39
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optical properties of semiconductors
Schematic of the effect of quantum confinement on the electronic structure of a semiconductor The arrows indicate the lowest energy absorption transition (a) Bulk semiconductor CB = conduction band VB = valence band) (b) Three lowest electron (Enle ) and hole (Enlh ) energy levels in a quantum dot The corresponding wave functions are represented by dashed lines (c) Semiconductor nanocrystal (quantum dot)
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 40
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optical properties of semiconductors
(a) Three lowest electron (Enle ) and hole (Enlh ) energy levels in a semiconductor nanocrystal quantum dot The corresponding wave functions are represented by the dashed lines Allowed optical transitions are given by the arrows (b) Assignment of the transitions in the absorption spectrum of colloidal CdTe quantum dots
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 41
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optical properties of semiconductors
Eg= band gap energy of bulk semiconductor
R = radius of quantum dot
me= effective mass of excited electron
mh= effective mass of excited hole
h = Planckrsquos constant
Energy of photons emitted by QDs
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 42
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optical properties of semiconductors
Eg= band gap energy of bulk semiconductor
R = radius of quantum dot
me= effective mass of excited electron
mh= effective mass of excited hole
h = Planckrsquos constant
Energy of photons emitted by QDs
CdS QD
1 Experimental data
2 calculation
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 43
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optical properties of semiconductors
Eg= band gap energy of bulk semiconductor
R = radius of quantum dot
me= effective mass of excited electron
mh= effective mass of excited hole
h = Planckrsquos constant
Energy of photons emitted by QDs
Advanced Biomedical Engineering book edited by Gaetano D Gargiulo Co-editor Alistair McEwan ISBN 978-953-307-555-6
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 44
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optical properties of semiconductors
Schematic representation of the quantum
confinement effect on the energy level structure of
a semiconductor material
Celso de Mello Donegaacute Chem Soc Rev 40 1512-1546 (2011)
119886119887 = 120634119898
120699119886119887
ab =0053 nm ndash dielectric constant
m ndash electron mass
m ndash effective electron mass
Bohr radius for semiconductors
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 45
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Questions
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 21
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
length scale transistor density
1 mm = 1m1000
1 mm = 1mm1000
1 nm = 1mm1000 Atomic distance lt 1 nm
1985 rarr 10 mm channel length
2010 rarr lt 100 nm
2015 rarr lt 20 nm
For the channel length of 20 nm size
of transisotr is 200 nm
3 cm
3 c
m
150000
15
00
00
109 times 25
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 22
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
length scaleelectronic transport
1 mm = 1m1000
1 mm = 1mm1000
1 nm = 1mm1000 Atomic distance lt 1 nm
S D Channel
Vo I
119933
119920=R
R determines OnOff state and is controlled by 3rd terminal
- + 1985 rarr 10 mm
2010 rarr lt 100 nm
2015 rarr lt 20 nm
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 23
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
length scaleelectronic transport
1 mm = 1m1000
1 mm = 1mm1000
1 nm = 1mm1000 Atomic distance lt 1 nm
1985 rarr 10 mm
2010 rarr lt 100 nm
2015 rarr lt 20 nm
S D
Channel
Vo I
e
e
- +
Diffusive transport
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 24
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
length scaleelectronic transport
1 mm = 1m1000
1 mm = 1mm1000
1 nm = 1mm1000 Atomic distance lt 1 nm
1985 rarr 10 mm
2010 rarr lt 100 nm
2015 rarr lt 20 nm
S D
Channel
Vo I
e
e
- +
Ballistic transport
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 25
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
length scale Ohms law
S D Channel
Vo I
R=r119923
119912 Lrarr 120782119929 rarr 120782119929 =
119945
119954120784=25kWfor ballistic transport
119933
119920=R
- +
~mm ~nm
S D Channel
L W
Vo I + -
119933
119920=R=
120646
119934119923 119933
119920=R=
120646
119934(119923 +119950119942119938119951119943119955119942119942119953119938119957119945)
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 26
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
length scale Ohms law
G Jo et al J Appl Phys 102 084508 (2007)
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 27
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Mobility
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 28
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
length scale mobility
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 29
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
length scale mobility
F Gaacutemiz 2004 Semicond Sci Technol 19 113
Ballistic transport
Diffusive transport
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 30
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
length scale mobility
Patrick S Goley and Mantu K Hudait Materials 2014 7(3) 2301-2339
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 31
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
GeOI for junctionless transistors
Xiao Yu et all ECS Solid State Lett 4 P15 (2015)
1014
1015
1019
0
100
200
300
400
500 Electron mobility
for 50 nm Ge
Mobili
ty c
m2V
s
Carrier concentration (cm-3)
SmartCut
GeOI
Epi-Ge
University of Tokyo PECVD+FLA
HZDR
20x1018
40x1018
60x1018
80x1018
10x1019
0
25
50
75
100
125
150
175
200
Carrier concentration (cm-3)
Mo
bili
ty c
m2V
s
PECVD+FLA
HZDREpi-Ge
University of Tokyo
SmartCut
GeOI
hole mobility
for 50 nm Ge
Preliminary data
Carrier mobility vs Carrier concentration in 50 nm thick Ge on insulator
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 32
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Downscaling
httpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=v2gDMj42sIM
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 33
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optoelectronic properties of semiconductors
Douglas J Paul Semicond Sci Technol 19 R75-R108 (2004)
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 34
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optoelectronic properties of semiconductors
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTRON DEVICES VOL 55 NO 1 JANUARY 2008
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 35
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optical properties of semiconductors
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 36
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optical properties of semiconductors
(a) Direct-bandgap semiconductors such as GaAs InP and GaN (b) An indirect-bandgap semiconductor such as silicon or germanium
kne0 k=0
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 37
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optical properties of semiconductors
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 38
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optical properties of semiconductors
Jia-Zhi Chen et al Opt Mater Express 4 1178-1185 (2014)
Direct bandgap energies of unstrained Ge1minus xSnx alloys (a) and calculated band edges of the
various bands for pseudomorphic Ge1minus xSnx alloys on Ge as a function of Sn composition
Ge with direct bandgap
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 39
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optical properties of semiconductors
Schematic of the effect of quantum confinement on the electronic structure of a semiconductor The arrows indicate the lowest energy absorption transition (a) Bulk semiconductor CB = conduction band VB = valence band) (b) Three lowest electron (Enle ) and hole (Enlh ) energy levels in a quantum dot The corresponding wave functions are represented by dashed lines (c) Semiconductor nanocrystal (quantum dot)
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 40
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optical properties of semiconductors
(a) Three lowest electron (Enle ) and hole (Enlh ) energy levels in a semiconductor nanocrystal quantum dot The corresponding wave functions are represented by the dashed lines Allowed optical transitions are given by the arrows (b) Assignment of the transitions in the absorption spectrum of colloidal CdTe quantum dots
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 41
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optical properties of semiconductors
Eg= band gap energy of bulk semiconductor
R = radius of quantum dot
me= effective mass of excited electron
mh= effective mass of excited hole
h = Planckrsquos constant
Energy of photons emitted by QDs
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 42
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optical properties of semiconductors
Eg= band gap energy of bulk semiconductor
R = radius of quantum dot
me= effective mass of excited electron
mh= effective mass of excited hole
h = Planckrsquos constant
Energy of photons emitted by QDs
CdS QD
1 Experimental data
2 calculation
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 43
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optical properties of semiconductors
Eg= band gap energy of bulk semiconductor
R = radius of quantum dot
me= effective mass of excited electron
mh= effective mass of excited hole
h = Planckrsquos constant
Energy of photons emitted by QDs
Advanced Biomedical Engineering book edited by Gaetano D Gargiulo Co-editor Alistair McEwan ISBN 978-953-307-555-6
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 44
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optical properties of semiconductors
Schematic representation of the quantum
confinement effect on the energy level structure of
a semiconductor material
Celso de Mello Donegaacute Chem Soc Rev 40 1512-1546 (2011)
119886119887 = 120634119898
120699119886119887
ab =0053 nm ndash dielectric constant
m ndash electron mass
m ndash effective electron mass
Bohr radius for semiconductors
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 45
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Questions
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 22
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
length scaleelectronic transport
1 mm = 1m1000
1 mm = 1mm1000
1 nm = 1mm1000 Atomic distance lt 1 nm
S D Channel
Vo I
119933
119920=R
R determines OnOff state and is controlled by 3rd terminal
- + 1985 rarr 10 mm
2010 rarr lt 100 nm
2015 rarr lt 20 nm
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 23
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
length scaleelectronic transport
1 mm = 1m1000
1 mm = 1mm1000
1 nm = 1mm1000 Atomic distance lt 1 nm
1985 rarr 10 mm
2010 rarr lt 100 nm
2015 rarr lt 20 nm
S D
Channel
Vo I
e
e
- +
Diffusive transport
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 24
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
length scaleelectronic transport
1 mm = 1m1000
1 mm = 1mm1000
1 nm = 1mm1000 Atomic distance lt 1 nm
1985 rarr 10 mm
2010 rarr lt 100 nm
2015 rarr lt 20 nm
S D
Channel
Vo I
e
e
- +
Ballistic transport
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 25
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
length scale Ohms law
S D Channel
Vo I
R=r119923
119912 Lrarr 120782119929 rarr 120782119929 =
119945
119954120784=25kWfor ballistic transport
119933
119920=R
- +
~mm ~nm
S D Channel
L W
Vo I + -
119933
119920=R=
120646
119934119923 119933
119920=R=
120646
119934(119923 +119950119942119938119951119943119955119942119942119953119938119957119945)
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 26
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
length scale Ohms law
G Jo et al J Appl Phys 102 084508 (2007)
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 27
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Mobility
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 28
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
length scale mobility
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 29
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
length scale mobility
F Gaacutemiz 2004 Semicond Sci Technol 19 113
Ballistic transport
Diffusive transport
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 30
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
length scale mobility
Patrick S Goley and Mantu K Hudait Materials 2014 7(3) 2301-2339
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 31
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
GeOI for junctionless transistors
Xiao Yu et all ECS Solid State Lett 4 P15 (2015)
1014
1015
1019
0
100
200
300
400
500 Electron mobility
for 50 nm Ge
Mobili
ty c
m2V
s
Carrier concentration (cm-3)
SmartCut
GeOI
Epi-Ge
University of Tokyo PECVD+FLA
HZDR
20x1018
40x1018
60x1018
80x1018
10x1019
0
25
50
75
100
125
150
175
200
Carrier concentration (cm-3)
Mo
bili
ty c
m2V
s
PECVD+FLA
HZDREpi-Ge
University of Tokyo
SmartCut
GeOI
hole mobility
for 50 nm Ge
Preliminary data
Carrier mobility vs Carrier concentration in 50 nm thick Ge on insulator
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 32
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Downscaling
httpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=v2gDMj42sIM
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 33
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optoelectronic properties of semiconductors
Douglas J Paul Semicond Sci Technol 19 R75-R108 (2004)
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 34
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optoelectronic properties of semiconductors
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTRON DEVICES VOL 55 NO 1 JANUARY 2008
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 35
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optical properties of semiconductors
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 36
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optical properties of semiconductors
(a) Direct-bandgap semiconductors such as GaAs InP and GaN (b) An indirect-bandgap semiconductor such as silicon or germanium
kne0 k=0
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 37
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optical properties of semiconductors
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 38
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optical properties of semiconductors
Jia-Zhi Chen et al Opt Mater Express 4 1178-1185 (2014)
Direct bandgap energies of unstrained Ge1minus xSnx alloys (a) and calculated band edges of the
various bands for pseudomorphic Ge1minus xSnx alloys on Ge as a function of Sn composition
Ge with direct bandgap
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 39
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optical properties of semiconductors
Schematic of the effect of quantum confinement on the electronic structure of a semiconductor The arrows indicate the lowest energy absorption transition (a) Bulk semiconductor CB = conduction band VB = valence band) (b) Three lowest electron (Enle ) and hole (Enlh ) energy levels in a quantum dot The corresponding wave functions are represented by dashed lines (c) Semiconductor nanocrystal (quantum dot)
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 40
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optical properties of semiconductors
(a) Three lowest electron (Enle ) and hole (Enlh ) energy levels in a semiconductor nanocrystal quantum dot The corresponding wave functions are represented by the dashed lines Allowed optical transitions are given by the arrows (b) Assignment of the transitions in the absorption spectrum of colloidal CdTe quantum dots
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 41
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optical properties of semiconductors
Eg= band gap energy of bulk semiconductor
R = radius of quantum dot
me= effective mass of excited electron
mh= effective mass of excited hole
h = Planckrsquos constant
Energy of photons emitted by QDs
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 42
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optical properties of semiconductors
Eg= band gap energy of bulk semiconductor
R = radius of quantum dot
me= effective mass of excited electron
mh= effective mass of excited hole
h = Planckrsquos constant
Energy of photons emitted by QDs
CdS QD
1 Experimental data
2 calculation
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 43
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optical properties of semiconductors
Eg= band gap energy of bulk semiconductor
R = radius of quantum dot
me= effective mass of excited electron
mh= effective mass of excited hole
h = Planckrsquos constant
Energy of photons emitted by QDs
Advanced Biomedical Engineering book edited by Gaetano D Gargiulo Co-editor Alistair McEwan ISBN 978-953-307-555-6
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 44
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optical properties of semiconductors
Schematic representation of the quantum
confinement effect on the energy level structure of
a semiconductor material
Celso de Mello Donegaacute Chem Soc Rev 40 1512-1546 (2011)
119886119887 = 120634119898
120699119886119887
ab =0053 nm ndash dielectric constant
m ndash electron mass
m ndash effective electron mass
Bohr radius for semiconductors
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 45
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Questions
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 23
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
length scaleelectronic transport
1 mm = 1m1000
1 mm = 1mm1000
1 nm = 1mm1000 Atomic distance lt 1 nm
1985 rarr 10 mm
2010 rarr lt 100 nm
2015 rarr lt 20 nm
S D
Channel
Vo I
e
e
- +
Diffusive transport
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 24
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
length scaleelectronic transport
1 mm = 1m1000
1 mm = 1mm1000
1 nm = 1mm1000 Atomic distance lt 1 nm
1985 rarr 10 mm
2010 rarr lt 100 nm
2015 rarr lt 20 nm
S D
Channel
Vo I
e
e
- +
Ballistic transport
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 25
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
length scale Ohms law
S D Channel
Vo I
R=r119923
119912 Lrarr 120782119929 rarr 120782119929 =
119945
119954120784=25kWfor ballistic transport
119933
119920=R
- +
~mm ~nm
S D Channel
L W
Vo I + -
119933
119920=R=
120646
119934119923 119933
119920=R=
120646
119934(119923 +119950119942119938119951119943119955119942119942119953119938119957119945)
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 26
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
length scale Ohms law
G Jo et al J Appl Phys 102 084508 (2007)
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 27
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Mobility
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 28
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
length scale mobility
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 29
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
length scale mobility
F Gaacutemiz 2004 Semicond Sci Technol 19 113
Ballistic transport
Diffusive transport
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 30
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
length scale mobility
Patrick S Goley and Mantu K Hudait Materials 2014 7(3) 2301-2339
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 31
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
GeOI for junctionless transistors
Xiao Yu et all ECS Solid State Lett 4 P15 (2015)
1014
1015
1019
0
100
200
300
400
500 Electron mobility
for 50 nm Ge
Mobili
ty c
m2V
s
Carrier concentration (cm-3)
SmartCut
GeOI
Epi-Ge
University of Tokyo PECVD+FLA
HZDR
20x1018
40x1018
60x1018
80x1018
10x1019
0
25
50
75
100
125
150
175
200
Carrier concentration (cm-3)
Mo
bili
ty c
m2V
s
PECVD+FLA
HZDREpi-Ge
University of Tokyo
SmartCut
GeOI
hole mobility
for 50 nm Ge
Preliminary data
Carrier mobility vs Carrier concentration in 50 nm thick Ge on insulator
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 32
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Downscaling
httpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=v2gDMj42sIM
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 33
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optoelectronic properties of semiconductors
Douglas J Paul Semicond Sci Technol 19 R75-R108 (2004)
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 34
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optoelectronic properties of semiconductors
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTRON DEVICES VOL 55 NO 1 JANUARY 2008
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 35
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optical properties of semiconductors
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 36
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optical properties of semiconductors
(a) Direct-bandgap semiconductors such as GaAs InP and GaN (b) An indirect-bandgap semiconductor such as silicon or germanium
kne0 k=0
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 37
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optical properties of semiconductors
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 38
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optical properties of semiconductors
Jia-Zhi Chen et al Opt Mater Express 4 1178-1185 (2014)
Direct bandgap energies of unstrained Ge1minus xSnx alloys (a) and calculated band edges of the
various bands for pseudomorphic Ge1minus xSnx alloys on Ge as a function of Sn composition
Ge with direct bandgap
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 39
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optical properties of semiconductors
Schematic of the effect of quantum confinement on the electronic structure of a semiconductor The arrows indicate the lowest energy absorption transition (a) Bulk semiconductor CB = conduction band VB = valence band) (b) Three lowest electron (Enle ) and hole (Enlh ) energy levels in a quantum dot The corresponding wave functions are represented by dashed lines (c) Semiconductor nanocrystal (quantum dot)
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 40
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optical properties of semiconductors
(a) Three lowest electron (Enle ) and hole (Enlh ) energy levels in a semiconductor nanocrystal quantum dot The corresponding wave functions are represented by the dashed lines Allowed optical transitions are given by the arrows (b) Assignment of the transitions in the absorption spectrum of colloidal CdTe quantum dots
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 41
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optical properties of semiconductors
Eg= band gap energy of bulk semiconductor
R = radius of quantum dot
me= effective mass of excited electron
mh= effective mass of excited hole
h = Planckrsquos constant
Energy of photons emitted by QDs
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 42
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optical properties of semiconductors
Eg= band gap energy of bulk semiconductor
R = radius of quantum dot
me= effective mass of excited electron
mh= effective mass of excited hole
h = Planckrsquos constant
Energy of photons emitted by QDs
CdS QD
1 Experimental data
2 calculation
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 43
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optical properties of semiconductors
Eg= band gap energy of bulk semiconductor
R = radius of quantum dot
me= effective mass of excited electron
mh= effective mass of excited hole
h = Planckrsquos constant
Energy of photons emitted by QDs
Advanced Biomedical Engineering book edited by Gaetano D Gargiulo Co-editor Alistair McEwan ISBN 978-953-307-555-6
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 44
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optical properties of semiconductors
Schematic representation of the quantum
confinement effect on the energy level structure of
a semiconductor material
Celso de Mello Donegaacute Chem Soc Rev 40 1512-1546 (2011)
119886119887 = 120634119898
120699119886119887
ab =0053 nm ndash dielectric constant
m ndash electron mass
m ndash effective electron mass
Bohr radius for semiconductors
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 45
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Questions
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 24
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
length scaleelectronic transport
1 mm = 1m1000
1 mm = 1mm1000
1 nm = 1mm1000 Atomic distance lt 1 nm
1985 rarr 10 mm
2010 rarr lt 100 nm
2015 rarr lt 20 nm
S D
Channel
Vo I
e
e
- +
Ballistic transport
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 25
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
length scale Ohms law
S D Channel
Vo I
R=r119923
119912 Lrarr 120782119929 rarr 120782119929 =
119945
119954120784=25kWfor ballistic transport
119933
119920=R
- +
~mm ~nm
S D Channel
L W
Vo I + -
119933
119920=R=
120646
119934119923 119933
119920=R=
120646
119934(119923 +119950119942119938119951119943119955119942119942119953119938119957119945)
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 26
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
length scale Ohms law
G Jo et al J Appl Phys 102 084508 (2007)
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 27
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Mobility
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 28
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
length scale mobility
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 29
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
length scale mobility
F Gaacutemiz 2004 Semicond Sci Technol 19 113
Ballistic transport
Diffusive transport
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 30
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
length scale mobility
Patrick S Goley and Mantu K Hudait Materials 2014 7(3) 2301-2339
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 31
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
GeOI for junctionless transistors
Xiao Yu et all ECS Solid State Lett 4 P15 (2015)
1014
1015
1019
0
100
200
300
400
500 Electron mobility
for 50 nm Ge
Mobili
ty c
m2V
s
Carrier concentration (cm-3)
SmartCut
GeOI
Epi-Ge
University of Tokyo PECVD+FLA
HZDR
20x1018
40x1018
60x1018
80x1018
10x1019
0
25
50
75
100
125
150
175
200
Carrier concentration (cm-3)
Mo
bili
ty c
m2V
s
PECVD+FLA
HZDREpi-Ge
University of Tokyo
SmartCut
GeOI
hole mobility
for 50 nm Ge
Preliminary data
Carrier mobility vs Carrier concentration in 50 nm thick Ge on insulator
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 32
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Downscaling
httpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=v2gDMj42sIM
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 33
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optoelectronic properties of semiconductors
Douglas J Paul Semicond Sci Technol 19 R75-R108 (2004)
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 34
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optoelectronic properties of semiconductors
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTRON DEVICES VOL 55 NO 1 JANUARY 2008
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 35
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optical properties of semiconductors
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 36
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optical properties of semiconductors
(a) Direct-bandgap semiconductors such as GaAs InP and GaN (b) An indirect-bandgap semiconductor such as silicon or germanium
kne0 k=0
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 37
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optical properties of semiconductors
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 38
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optical properties of semiconductors
Jia-Zhi Chen et al Opt Mater Express 4 1178-1185 (2014)
Direct bandgap energies of unstrained Ge1minus xSnx alloys (a) and calculated band edges of the
various bands for pseudomorphic Ge1minus xSnx alloys on Ge as a function of Sn composition
Ge with direct bandgap
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 39
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optical properties of semiconductors
Schematic of the effect of quantum confinement on the electronic structure of a semiconductor The arrows indicate the lowest energy absorption transition (a) Bulk semiconductor CB = conduction band VB = valence band) (b) Three lowest electron (Enle ) and hole (Enlh ) energy levels in a quantum dot The corresponding wave functions are represented by dashed lines (c) Semiconductor nanocrystal (quantum dot)
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 40
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optical properties of semiconductors
(a) Three lowest electron (Enle ) and hole (Enlh ) energy levels in a semiconductor nanocrystal quantum dot The corresponding wave functions are represented by the dashed lines Allowed optical transitions are given by the arrows (b) Assignment of the transitions in the absorption spectrum of colloidal CdTe quantum dots
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 41
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optical properties of semiconductors
Eg= band gap energy of bulk semiconductor
R = radius of quantum dot
me= effective mass of excited electron
mh= effective mass of excited hole
h = Planckrsquos constant
Energy of photons emitted by QDs
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 42
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optical properties of semiconductors
Eg= band gap energy of bulk semiconductor
R = radius of quantum dot
me= effective mass of excited electron
mh= effective mass of excited hole
h = Planckrsquos constant
Energy of photons emitted by QDs
CdS QD
1 Experimental data
2 calculation
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 43
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optical properties of semiconductors
Eg= band gap energy of bulk semiconductor
R = radius of quantum dot
me= effective mass of excited electron
mh= effective mass of excited hole
h = Planckrsquos constant
Energy of photons emitted by QDs
Advanced Biomedical Engineering book edited by Gaetano D Gargiulo Co-editor Alistair McEwan ISBN 978-953-307-555-6
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 44
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optical properties of semiconductors
Schematic representation of the quantum
confinement effect on the energy level structure of
a semiconductor material
Celso de Mello Donegaacute Chem Soc Rev 40 1512-1546 (2011)
119886119887 = 120634119898
120699119886119887
ab =0053 nm ndash dielectric constant
m ndash electron mass
m ndash effective electron mass
Bohr radius for semiconductors
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 45
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Questions
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 25
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
length scale Ohms law
S D Channel
Vo I
R=r119923
119912 Lrarr 120782119929 rarr 120782119929 =
119945
119954120784=25kWfor ballistic transport
119933
119920=R
- +
~mm ~nm
S D Channel
L W
Vo I + -
119933
119920=R=
120646
119934119923 119933
119920=R=
120646
119934(119923 +119950119942119938119951119943119955119942119942119953119938119957119945)
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 26
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
length scale Ohms law
G Jo et al J Appl Phys 102 084508 (2007)
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 27
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Mobility
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 28
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
length scale mobility
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 29
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
length scale mobility
F Gaacutemiz 2004 Semicond Sci Technol 19 113
Ballistic transport
Diffusive transport
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 30
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
length scale mobility
Patrick S Goley and Mantu K Hudait Materials 2014 7(3) 2301-2339
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 31
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
GeOI for junctionless transistors
Xiao Yu et all ECS Solid State Lett 4 P15 (2015)
1014
1015
1019
0
100
200
300
400
500 Electron mobility
for 50 nm Ge
Mobili
ty c
m2V
s
Carrier concentration (cm-3)
SmartCut
GeOI
Epi-Ge
University of Tokyo PECVD+FLA
HZDR
20x1018
40x1018
60x1018
80x1018
10x1019
0
25
50
75
100
125
150
175
200
Carrier concentration (cm-3)
Mo
bili
ty c
m2V
s
PECVD+FLA
HZDREpi-Ge
University of Tokyo
SmartCut
GeOI
hole mobility
for 50 nm Ge
Preliminary data
Carrier mobility vs Carrier concentration in 50 nm thick Ge on insulator
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 32
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Downscaling
httpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=v2gDMj42sIM
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 33
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optoelectronic properties of semiconductors
Douglas J Paul Semicond Sci Technol 19 R75-R108 (2004)
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 34
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optoelectronic properties of semiconductors
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTRON DEVICES VOL 55 NO 1 JANUARY 2008
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 35
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optical properties of semiconductors
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 36
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optical properties of semiconductors
(a) Direct-bandgap semiconductors such as GaAs InP and GaN (b) An indirect-bandgap semiconductor such as silicon or germanium
kne0 k=0
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 37
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optical properties of semiconductors
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 38
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optical properties of semiconductors
Jia-Zhi Chen et al Opt Mater Express 4 1178-1185 (2014)
Direct bandgap energies of unstrained Ge1minus xSnx alloys (a) and calculated band edges of the
various bands for pseudomorphic Ge1minus xSnx alloys on Ge as a function of Sn composition
Ge with direct bandgap
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 39
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optical properties of semiconductors
Schematic of the effect of quantum confinement on the electronic structure of a semiconductor The arrows indicate the lowest energy absorption transition (a) Bulk semiconductor CB = conduction band VB = valence band) (b) Three lowest electron (Enle ) and hole (Enlh ) energy levels in a quantum dot The corresponding wave functions are represented by dashed lines (c) Semiconductor nanocrystal (quantum dot)
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 40
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optical properties of semiconductors
(a) Three lowest electron (Enle ) and hole (Enlh ) energy levels in a semiconductor nanocrystal quantum dot The corresponding wave functions are represented by the dashed lines Allowed optical transitions are given by the arrows (b) Assignment of the transitions in the absorption spectrum of colloidal CdTe quantum dots
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 41
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optical properties of semiconductors
Eg= band gap energy of bulk semiconductor
R = radius of quantum dot
me= effective mass of excited electron
mh= effective mass of excited hole
h = Planckrsquos constant
Energy of photons emitted by QDs
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 42
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optical properties of semiconductors
Eg= band gap energy of bulk semiconductor
R = radius of quantum dot
me= effective mass of excited electron
mh= effective mass of excited hole
h = Planckrsquos constant
Energy of photons emitted by QDs
CdS QD
1 Experimental data
2 calculation
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 43
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optical properties of semiconductors
Eg= band gap energy of bulk semiconductor
R = radius of quantum dot
me= effective mass of excited electron
mh= effective mass of excited hole
h = Planckrsquos constant
Energy of photons emitted by QDs
Advanced Biomedical Engineering book edited by Gaetano D Gargiulo Co-editor Alistair McEwan ISBN 978-953-307-555-6
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 44
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optical properties of semiconductors
Schematic representation of the quantum
confinement effect on the energy level structure of
a semiconductor material
Celso de Mello Donegaacute Chem Soc Rev 40 1512-1546 (2011)
119886119887 = 120634119898
120699119886119887
ab =0053 nm ndash dielectric constant
m ndash electron mass
m ndash effective electron mass
Bohr radius for semiconductors
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 45
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Questions
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 26
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
length scale Ohms law
G Jo et al J Appl Phys 102 084508 (2007)
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 27
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Mobility
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 28
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
length scale mobility
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 29
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
length scale mobility
F Gaacutemiz 2004 Semicond Sci Technol 19 113
Ballistic transport
Diffusive transport
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 30
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
length scale mobility
Patrick S Goley and Mantu K Hudait Materials 2014 7(3) 2301-2339
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 31
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
GeOI for junctionless transistors
Xiao Yu et all ECS Solid State Lett 4 P15 (2015)
1014
1015
1019
0
100
200
300
400
500 Electron mobility
for 50 nm Ge
Mobili
ty c
m2V
s
Carrier concentration (cm-3)
SmartCut
GeOI
Epi-Ge
University of Tokyo PECVD+FLA
HZDR
20x1018
40x1018
60x1018
80x1018
10x1019
0
25
50
75
100
125
150
175
200
Carrier concentration (cm-3)
Mo
bili
ty c
m2V
s
PECVD+FLA
HZDREpi-Ge
University of Tokyo
SmartCut
GeOI
hole mobility
for 50 nm Ge
Preliminary data
Carrier mobility vs Carrier concentration in 50 nm thick Ge on insulator
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 32
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Downscaling
httpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=v2gDMj42sIM
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 33
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optoelectronic properties of semiconductors
Douglas J Paul Semicond Sci Technol 19 R75-R108 (2004)
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 34
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optoelectronic properties of semiconductors
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTRON DEVICES VOL 55 NO 1 JANUARY 2008
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 35
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optical properties of semiconductors
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 36
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optical properties of semiconductors
(a) Direct-bandgap semiconductors such as GaAs InP and GaN (b) An indirect-bandgap semiconductor such as silicon or germanium
kne0 k=0
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 37
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optical properties of semiconductors
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 38
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optical properties of semiconductors
Jia-Zhi Chen et al Opt Mater Express 4 1178-1185 (2014)
Direct bandgap energies of unstrained Ge1minus xSnx alloys (a) and calculated band edges of the
various bands for pseudomorphic Ge1minus xSnx alloys on Ge as a function of Sn composition
Ge with direct bandgap
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 39
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optical properties of semiconductors
Schematic of the effect of quantum confinement on the electronic structure of a semiconductor The arrows indicate the lowest energy absorption transition (a) Bulk semiconductor CB = conduction band VB = valence band) (b) Three lowest electron (Enle ) and hole (Enlh ) energy levels in a quantum dot The corresponding wave functions are represented by dashed lines (c) Semiconductor nanocrystal (quantum dot)
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 40
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optical properties of semiconductors
(a) Three lowest electron (Enle ) and hole (Enlh ) energy levels in a semiconductor nanocrystal quantum dot The corresponding wave functions are represented by the dashed lines Allowed optical transitions are given by the arrows (b) Assignment of the transitions in the absorption spectrum of colloidal CdTe quantum dots
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 41
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optical properties of semiconductors
Eg= band gap energy of bulk semiconductor
R = radius of quantum dot
me= effective mass of excited electron
mh= effective mass of excited hole
h = Planckrsquos constant
Energy of photons emitted by QDs
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 42
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optical properties of semiconductors
Eg= band gap energy of bulk semiconductor
R = radius of quantum dot
me= effective mass of excited electron
mh= effective mass of excited hole
h = Planckrsquos constant
Energy of photons emitted by QDs
CdS QD
1 Experimental data
2 calculation
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 43
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optical properties of semiconductors
Eg= band gap energy of bulk semiconductor
R = radius of quantum dot
me= effective mass of excited electron
mh= effective mass of excited hole
h = Planckrsquos constant
Energy of photons emitted by QDs
Advanced Biomedical Engineering book edited by Gaetano D Gargiulo Co-editor Alistair McEwan ISBN 978-953-307-555-6
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 44
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optical properties of semiconductors
Schematic representation of the quantum
confinement effect on the energy level structure of
a semiconductor material
Celso de Mello Donegaacute Chem Soc Rev 40 1512-1546 (2011)
119886119887 = 120634119898
120699119886119887
ab =0053 nm ndash dielectric constant
m ndash electron mass
m ndash effective electron mass
Bohr radius for semiconductors
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 45
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Questions
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 27
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Mobility
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 28
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
length scale mobility
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 29
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
length scale mobility
F Gaacutemiz 2004 Semicond Sci Technol 19 113
Ballistic transport
Diffusive transport
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 30
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
length scale mobility
Patrick S Goley and Mantu K Hudait Materials 2014 7(3) 2301-2339
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 31
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
GeOI for junctionless transistors
Xiao Yu et all ECS Solid State Lett 4 P15 (2015)
1014
1015
1019
0
100
200
300
400
500 Electron mobility
for 50 nm Ge
Mobili
ty c
m2V
s
Carrier concentration (cm-3)
SmartCut
GeOI
Epi-Ge
University of Tokyo PECVD+FLA
HZDR
20x1018
40x1018
60x1018
80x1018
10x1019
0
25
50
75
100
125
150
175
200
Carrier concentration (cm-3)
Mo
bili
ty c
m2V
s
PECVD+FLA
HZDREpi-Ge
University of Tokyo
SmartCut
GeOI
hole mobility
for 50 nm Ge
Preliminary data
Carrier mobility vs Carrier concentration in 50 nm thick Ge on insulator
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 32
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Downscaling
httpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=v2gDMj42sIM
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 33
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optoelectronic properties of semiconductors
Douglas J Paul Semicond Sci Technol 19 R75-R108 (2004)
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 34
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optoelectronic properties of semiconductors
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTRON DEVICES VOL 55 NO 1 JANUARY 2008
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 35
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optical properties of semiconductors
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 36
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optical properties of semiconductors
(a) Direct-bandgap semiconductors such as GaAs InP and GaN (b) An indirect-bandgap semiconductor such as silicon or germanium
kne0 k=0
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 37
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optical properties of semiconductors
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 38
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optical properties of semiconductors
Jia-Zhi Chen et al Opt Mater Express 4 1178-1185 (2014)
Direct bandgap energies of unstrained Ge1minus xSnx alloys (a) and calculated band edges of the
various bands for pseudomorphic Ge1minus xSnx alloys on Ge as a function of Sn composition
Ge with direct bandgap
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 39
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optical properties of semiconductors
Schematic of the effect of quantum confinement on the electronic structure of a semiconductor The arrows indicate the lowest energy absorption transition (a) Bulk semiconductor CB = conduction band VB = valence band) (b) Three lowest electron (Enle ) and hole (Enlh ) energy levels in a quantum dot The corresponding wave functions are represented by dashed lines (c) Semiconductor nanocrystal (quantum dot)
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 40
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optical properties of semiconductors
(a) Three lowest electron (Enle ) and hole (Enlh ) energy levels in a semiconductor nanocrystal quantum dot The corresponding wave functions are represented by the dashed lines Allowed optical transitions are given by the arrows (b) Assignment of the transitions in the absorption spectrum of colloidal CdTe quantum dots
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 41
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optical properties of semiconductors
Eg= band gap energy of bulk semiconductor
R = radius of quantum dot
me= effective mass of excited electron
mh= effective mass of excited hole
h = Planckrsquos constant
Energy of photons emitted by QDs
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 42
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optical properties of semiconductors
Eg= band gap energy of bulk semiconductor
R = radius of quantum dot
me= effective mass of excited electron
mh= effective mass of excited hole
h = Planckrsquos constant
Energy of photons emitted by QDs
CdS QD
1 Experimental data
2 calculation
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 43
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optical properties of semiconductors
Eg= band gap energy of bulk semiconductor
R = radius of quantum dot
me= effective mass of excited electron
mh= effective mass of excited hole
h = Planckrsquos constant
Energy of photons emitted by QDs
Advanced Biomedical Engineering book edited by Gaetano D Gargiulo Co-editor Alistair McEwan ISBN 978-953-307-555-6
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 44
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optical properties of semiconductors
Schematic representation of the quantum
confinement effect on the energy level structure of
a semiconductor material
Celso de Mello Donegaacute Chem Soc Rev 40 1512-1546 (2011)
119886119887 = 120634119898
120699119886119887
ab =0053 nm ndash dielectric constant
m ndash electron mass
m ndash effective electron mass
Bohr radius for semiconductors
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 45
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Questions
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 28
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
length scale mobility
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 29
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
length scale mobility
F Gaacutemiz 2004 Semicond Sci Technol 19 113
Ballistic transport
Diffusive transport
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 30
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
length scale mobility
Patrick S Goley and Mantu K Hudait Materials 2014 7(3) 2301-2339
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 31
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
GeOI for junctionless transistors
Xiao Yu et all ECS Solid State Lett 4 P15 (2015)
1014
1015
1019
0
100
200
300
400
500 Electron mobility
for 50 nm Ge
Mobili
ty c
m2V
s
Carrier concentration (cm-3)
SmartCut
GeOI
Epi-Ge
University of Tokyo PECVD+FLA
HZDR
20x1018
40x1018
60x1018
80x1018
10x1019
0
25
50
75
100
125
150
175
200
Carrier concentration (cm-3)
Mo
bili
ty c
m2V
s
PECVD+FLA
HZDREpi-Ge
University of Tokyo
SmartCut
GeOI
hole mobility
for 50 nm Ge
Preliminary data
Carrier mobility vs Carrier concentration in 50 nm thick Ge on insulator
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 32
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Downscaling
httpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=v2gDMj42sIM
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 33
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optoelectronic properties of semiconductors
Douglas J Paul Semicond Sci Technol 19 R75-R108 (2004)
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 34
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optoelectronic properties of semiconductors
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTRON DEVICES VOL 55 NO 1 JANUARY 2008
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 35
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optical properties of semiconductors
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 36
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optical properties of semiconductors
(a) Direct-bandgap semiconductors such as GaAs InP and GaN (b) An indirect-bandgap semiconductor such as silicon or germanium
kne0 k=0
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 37
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optical properties of semiconductors
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 38
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optical properties of semiconductors
Jia-Zhi Chen et al Opt Mater Express 4 1178-1185 (2014)
Direct bandgap energies of unstrained Ge1minus xSnx alloys (a) and calculated band edges of the
various bands for pseudomorphic Ge1minus xSnx alloys on Ge as a function of Sn composition
Ge with direct bandgap
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 39
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optical properties of semiconductors
Schematic of the effect of quantum confinement on the electronic structure of a semiconductor The arrows indicate the lowest energy absorption transition (a) Bulk semiconductor CB = conduction band VB = valence band) (b) Three lowest electron (Enle ) and hole (Enlh ) energy levels in a quantum dot The corresponding wave functions are represented by dashed lines (c) Semiconductor nanocrystal (quantum dot)
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 40
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optical properties of semiconductors
(a) Three lowest electron (Enle ) and hole (Enlh ) energy levels in a semiconductor nanocrystal quantum dot The corresponding wave functions are represented by the dashed lines Allowed optical transitions are given by the arrows (b) Assignment of the transitions in the absorption spectrum of colloidal CdTe quantum dots
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 41
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optical properties of semiconductors
Eg= band gap energy of bulk semiconductor
R = radius of quantum dot
me= effective mass of excited electron
mh= effective mass of excited hole
h = Planckrsquos constant
Energy of photons emitted by QDs
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 42
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optical properties of semiconductors
Eg= band gap energy of bulk semiconductor
R = radius of quantum dot
me= effective mass of excited electron
mh= effective mass of excited hole
h = Planckrsquos constant
Energy of photons emitted by QDs
CdS QD
1 Experimental data
2 calculation
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 43
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optical properties of semiconductors
Eg= band gap energy of bulk semiconductor
R = radius of quantum dot
me= effective mass of excited electron
mh= effective mass of excited hole
h = Planckrsquos constant
Energy of photons emitted by QDs
Advanced Biomedical Engineering book edited by Gaetano D Gargiulo Co-editor Alistair McEwan ISBN 978-953-307-555-6
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 44
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optical properties of semiconductors
Schematic representation of the quantum
confinement effect on the energy level structure of
a semiconductor material
Celso de Mello Donegaacute Chem Soc Rev 40 1512-1546 (2011)
119886119887 = 120634119898
120699119886119887
ab =0053 nm ndash dielectric constant
m ndash electron mass
m ndash effective electron mass
Bohr radius for semiconductors
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 45
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Questions
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 29
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
length scale mobility
F Gaacutemiz 2004 Semicond Sci Technol 19 113
Ballistic transport
Diffusive transport
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 30
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
length scale mobility
Patrick S Goley and Mantu K Hudait Materials 2014 7(3) 2301-2339
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 31
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
GeOI for junctionless transistors
Xiao Yu et all ECS Solid State Lett 4 P15 (2015)
1014
1015
1019
0
100
200
300
400
500 Electron mobility
for 50 nm Ge
Mobili
ty c
m2V
s
Carrier concentration (cm-3)
SmartCut
GeOI
Epi-Ge
University of Tokyo PECVD+FLA
HZDR
20x1018
40x1018
60x1018
80x1018
10x1019
0
25
50
75
100
125
150
175
200
Carrier concentration (cm-3)
Mo
bili
ty c
m2V
s
PECVD+FLA
HZDREpi-Ge
University of Tokyo
SmartCut
GeOI
hole mobility
for 50 nm Ge
Preliminary data
Carrier mobility vs Carrier concentration in 50 nm thick Ge on insulator
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 32
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Downscaling
httpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=v2gDMj42sIM
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 33
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optoelectronic properties of semiconductors
Douglas J Paul Semicond Sci Technol 19 R75-R108 (2004)
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 34
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optoelectronic properties of semiconductors
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTRON DEVICES VOL 55 NO 1 JANUARY 2008
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 35
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optical properties of semiconductors
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 36
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optical properties of semiconductors
(a) Direct-bandgap semiconductors such as GaAs InP and GaN (b) An indirect-bandgap semiconductor such as silicon or germanium
kne0 k=0
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 37
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optical properties of semiconductors
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 38
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optical properties of semiconductors
Jia-Zhi Chen et al Opt Mater Express 4 1178-1185 (2014)
Direct bandgap energies of unstrained Ge1minus xSnx alloys (a) and calculated band edges of the
various bands for pseudomorphic Ge1minus xSnx alloys on Ge as a function of Sn composition
Ge with direct bandgap
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 39
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optical properties of semiconductors
Schematic of the effect of quantum confinement on the electronic structure of a semiconductor The arrows indicate the lowest energy absorption transition (a) Bulk semiconductor CB = conduction band VB = valence band) (b) Three lowest electron (Enle ) and hole (Enlh ) energy levels in a quantum dot The corresponding wave functions are represented by dashed lines (c) Semiconductor nanocrystal (quantum dot)
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 40
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optical properties of semiconductors
(a) Three lowest electron (Enle ) and hole (Enlh ) energy levels in a semiconductor nanocrystal quantum dot The corresponding wave functions are represented by the dashed lines Allowed optical transitions are given by the arrows (b) Assignment of the transitions in the absorption spectrum of colloidal CdTe quantum dots
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 41
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optical properties of semiconductors
Eg= band gap energy of bulk semiconductor
R = radius of quantum dot
me= effective mass of excited electron
mh= effective mass of excited hole
h = Planckrsquos constant
Energy of photons emitted by QDs
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 42
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optical properties of semiconductors
Eg= band gap energy of bulk semiconductor
R = radius of quantum dot
me= effective mass of excited electron
mh= effective mass of excited hole
h = Planckrsquos constant
Energy of photons emitted by QDs
CdS QD
1 Experimental data
2 calculation
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 43
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optical properties of semiconductors
Eg= band gap energy of bulk semiconductor
R = radius of quantum dot
me= effective mass of excited electron
mh= effective mass of excited hole
h = Planckrsquos constant
Energy of photons emitted by QDs
Advanced Biomedical Engineering book edited by Gaetano D Gargiulo Co-editor Alistair McEwan ISBN 978-953-307-555-6
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 44
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optical properties of semiconductors
Schematic representation of the quantum
confinement effect on the energy level structure of
a semiconductor material
Celso de Mello Donegaacute Chem Soc Rev 40 1512-1546 (2011)
119886119887 = 120634119898
120699119886119887
ab =0053 nm ndash dielectric constant
m ndash electron mass
m ndash effective electron mass
Bohr radius for semiconductors
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 45
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Questions
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 30
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
length scale mobility
Patrick S Goley and Mantu K Hudait Materials 2014 7(3) 2301-2339
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 31
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
GeOI for junctionless transistors
Xiao Yu et all ECS Solid State Lett 4 P15 (2015)
1014
1015
1019
0
100
200
300
400
500 Electron mobility
for 50 nm Ge
Mobili
ty c
m2V
s
Carrier concentration (cm-3)
SmartCut
GeOI
Epi-Ge
University of Tokyo PECVD+FLA
HZDR
20x1018
40x1018
60x1018
80x1018
10x1019
0
25
50
75
100
125
150
175
200
Carrier concentration (cm-3)
Mo
bili
ty c
m2V
s
PECVD+FLA
HZDREpi-Ge
University of Tokyo
SmartCut
GeOI
hole mobility
for 50 nm Ge
Preliminary data
Carrier mobility vs Carrier concentration in 50 nm thick Ge on insulator
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 32
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Downscaling
httpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=v2gDMj42sIM
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 33
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optoelectronic properties of semiconductors
Douglas J Paul Semicond Sci Technol 19 R75-R108 (2004)
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 34
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optoelectronic properties of semiconductors
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTRON DEVICES VOL 55 NO 1 JANUARY 2008
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 35
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optical properties of semiconductors
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 36
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optical properties of semiconductors
(a) Direct-bandgap semiconductors such as GaAs InP and GaN (b) An indirect-bandgap semiconductor such as silicon or germanium
kne0 k=0
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 37
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optical properties of semiconductors
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 38
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optical properties of semiconductors
Jia-Zhi Chen et al Opt Mater Express 4 1178-1185 (2014)
Direct bandgap energies of unstrained Ge1minus xSnx alloys (a) and calculated band edges of the
various bands for pseudomorphic Ge1minus xSnx alloys on Ge as a function of Sn composition
Ge with direct bandgap
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 39
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optical properties of semiconductors
Schematic of the effect of quantum confinement on the electronic structure of a semiconductor The arrows indicate the lowest energy absorption transition (a) Bulk semiconductor CB = conduction band VB = valence band) (b) Three lowest electron (Enle ) and hole (Enlh ) energy levels in a quantum dot The corresponding wave functions are represented by dashed lines (c) Semiconductor nanocrystal (quantum dot)
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 40
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optical properties of semiconductors
(a) Three lowest electron (Enle ) and hole (Enlh ) energy levels in a semiconductor nanocrystal quantum dot The corresponding wave functions are represented by the dashed lines Allowed optical transitions are given by the arrows (b) Assignment of the transitions in the absorption spectrum of colloidal CdTe quantum dots
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 41
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optical properties of semiconductors
Eg= band gap energy of bulk semiconductor
R = radius of quantum dot
me= effective mass of excited electron
mh= effective mass of excited hole
h = Planckrsquos constant
Energy of photons emitted by QDs
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 42
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optical properties of semiconductors
Eg= band gap energy of bulk semiconductor
R = radius of quantum dot
me= effective mass of excited electron
mh= effective mass of excited hole
h = Planckrsquos constant
Energy of photons emitted by QDs
CdS QD
1 Experimental data
2 calculation
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 43
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optical properties of semiconductors
Eg= band gap energy of bulk semiconductor
R = radius of quantum dot
me= effective mass of excited electron
mh= effective mass of excited hole
h = Planckrsquos constant
Energy of photons emitted by QDs
Advanced Biomedical Engineering book edited by Gaetano D Gargiulo Co-editor Alistair McEwan ISBN 978-953-307-555-6
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 44
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optical properties of semiconductors
Schematic representation of the quantum
confinement effect on the energy level structure of
a semiconductor material
Celso de Mello Donegaacute Chem Soc Rev 40 1512-1546 (2011)
119886119887 = 120634119898
120699119886119887
ab =0053 nm ndash dielectric constant
m ndash electron mass
m ndash effective electron mass
Bohr radius for semiconductors
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 45
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Questions
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 31
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
GeOI for junctionless transistors
Xiao Yu et all ECS Solid State Lett 4 P15 (2015)
1014
1015
1019
0
100
200
300
400
500 Electron mobility
for 50 nm Ge
Mobili
ty c
m2V
s
Carrier concentration (cm-3)
SmartCut
GeOI
Epi-Ge
University of Tokyo PECVD+FLA
HZDR
20x1018
40x1018
60x1018
80x1018
10x1019
0
25
50
75
100
125
150
175
200
Carrier concentration (cm-3)
Mo
bili
ty c
m2V
s
PECVD+FLA
HZDREpi-Ge
University of Tokyo
SmartCut
GeOI
hole mobility
for 50 nm Ge
Preliminary data
Carrier mobility vs Carrier concentration in 50 nm thick Ge on insulator
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 32
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Downscaling
httpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=v2gDMj42sIM
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 33
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optoelectronic properties of semiconductors
Douglas J Paul Semicond Sci Technol 19 R75-R108 (2004)
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 34
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optoelectronic properties of semiconductors
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTRON DEVICES VOL 55 NO 1 JANUARY 2008
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 35
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optical properties of semiconductors
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 36
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optical properties of semiconductors
(a) Direct-bandgap semiconductors such as GaAs InP and GaN (b) An indirect-bandgap semiconductor such as silicon or germanium
kne0 k=0
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 37
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optical properties of semiconductors
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 38
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optical properties of semiconductors
Jia-Zhi Chen et al Opt Mater Express 4 1178-1185 (2014)
Direct bandgap energies of unstrained Ge1minus xSnx alloys (a) and calculated band edges of the
various bands for pseudomorphic Ge1minus xSnx alloys on Ge as a function of Sn composition
Ge with direct bandgap
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 39
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optical properties of semiconductors
Schematic of the effect of quantum confinement on the electronic structure of a semiconductor The arrows indicate the lowest energy absorption transition (a) Bulk semiconductor CB = conduction band VB = valence band) (b) Three lowest electron (Enle ) and hole (Enlh ) energy levels in a quantum dot The corresponding wave functions are represented by dashed lines (c) Semiconductor nanocrystal (quantum dot)
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 40
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optical properties of semiconductors
(a) Three lowest electron (Enle ) and hole (Enlh ) energy levels in a semiconductor nanocrystal quantum dot The corresponding wave functions are represented by the dashed lines Allowed optical transitions are given by the arrows (b) Assignment of the transitions in the absorption spectrum of colloidal CdTe quantum dots
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 41
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optical properties of semiconductors
Eg= band gap energy of bulk semiconductor
R = radius of quantum dot
me= effective mass of excited electron
mh= effective mass of excited hole
h = Planckrsquos constant
Energy of photons emitted by QDs
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 42
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optical properties of semiconductors
Eg= band gap energy of bulk semiconductor
R = radius of quantum dot
me= effective mass of excited electron
mh= effective mass of excited hole
h = Planckrsquos constant
Energy of photons emitted by QDs
CdS QD
1 Experimental data
2 calculation
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 43
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optical properties of semiconductors
Eg= band gap energy of bulk semiconductor
R = radius of quantum dot
me= effective mass of excited electron
mh= effective mass of excited hole
h = Planckrsquos constant
Energy of photons emitted by QDs
Advanced Biomedical Engineering book edited by Gaetano D Gargiulo Co-editor Alistair McEwan ISBN 978-953-307-555-6
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 44
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optical properties of semiconductors
Schematic representation of the quantum
confinement effect on the energy level structure of
a semiconductor material
Celso de Mello Donegaacute Chem Soc Rev 40 1512-1546 (2011)
119886119887 = 120634119898
120699119886119887
ab =0053 nm ndash dielectric constant
m ndash electron mass
m ndash effective electron mass
Bohr radius for semiconductors
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 45
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Questions
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 32
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Downscaling
httpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=v2gDMj42sIM
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 33
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optoelectronic properties of semiconductors
Douglas J Paul Semicond Sci Technol 19 R75-R108 (2004)
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 34
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optoelectronic properties of semiconductors
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTRON DEVICES VOL 55 NO 1 JANUARY 2008
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 35
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optical properties of semiconductors
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 36
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optical properties of semiconductors
(a) Direct-bandgap semiconductors such as GaAs InP and GaN (b) An indirect-bandgap semiconductor such as silicon or germanium
kne0 k=0
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 37
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optical properties of semiconductors
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 38
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optical properties of semiconductors
Jia-Zhi Chen et al Opt Mater Express 4 1178-1185 (2014)
Direct bandgap energies of unstrained Ge1minus xSnx alloys (a) and calculated band edges of the
various bands for pseudomorphic Ge1minus xSnx alloys on Ge as a function of Sn composition
Ge with direct bandgap
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 39
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optical properties of semiconductors
Schematic of the effect of quantum confinement on the electronic structure of a semiconductor The arrows indicate the lowest energy absorption transition (a) Bulk semiconductor CB = conduction band VB = valence band) (b) Three lowest electron (Enle ) and hole (Enlh ) energy levels in a quantum dot The corresponding wave functions are represented by dashed lines (c) Semiconductor nanocrystal (quantum dot)
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 40
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optical properties of semiconductors
(a) Three lowest electron (Enle ) and hole (Enlh ) energy levels in a semiconductor nanocrystal quantum dot The corresponding wave functions are represented by the dashed lines Allowed optical transitions are given by the arrows (b) Assignment of the transitions in the absorption spectrum of colloidal CdTe quantum dots
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 41
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optical properties of semiconductors
Eg= band gap energy of bulk semiconductor
R = radius of quantum dot
me= effective mass of excited electron
mh= effective mass of excited hole
h = Planckrsquos constant
Energy of photons emitted by QDs
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 42
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optical properties of semiconductors
Eg= band gap energy of bulk semiconductor
R = radius of quantum dot
me= effective mass of excited electron
mh= effective mass of excited hole
h = Planckrsquos constant
Energy of photons emitted by QDs
CdS QD
1 Experimental data
2 calculation
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 43
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optical properties of semiconductors
Eg= band gap energy of bulk semiconductor
R = radius of quantum dot
me= effective mass of excited electron
mh= effective mass of excited hole
h = Planckrsquos constant
Energy of photons emitted by QDs
Advanced Biomedical Engineering book edited by Gaetano D Gargiulo Co-editor Alistair McEwan ISBN 978-953-307-555-6
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 44
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optical properties of semiconductors
Schematic representation of the quantum
confinement effect on the energy level structure of
a semiconductor material
Celso de Mello Donegaacute Chem Soc Rev 40 1512-1546 (2011)
119886119887 = 120634119898
120699119886119887
ab =0053 nm ndash dielectric constant
m ndash electron mass
m ndash effective electron mass
Bohr radius for semiconductors
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 45
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Questions
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 33
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optoelectronic properties of semiconductors
Douglas J Paul Semicond Sci Technol 19 R75-R108 (2004)
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 34
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optoelectronic properties of semiconductors
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTRON DEVICES VOL 55 NO 1 JANUARY 2008
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 35
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optical properties of semiconductors
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 36
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optical properties of semiconductors
(a) Direct-bandgap semiconductors such as GaAs InP and GaN (b) An indirect-bandgap semiconductor such as silicon or germanium
kne0 k=0
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 37
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optical properties of semiconductors
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 38
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optical properties of semiconductors
Jia-Zhi Chen et al Opt Mater Express 4 1178-1185 (2014)
Direct bandgap energies of unstrained Ge1minus xSnx alloys (a) and calculated band edges of the
various bands for pseudomorphic Ge1minus xSnx alloys on Ge as a function of Sn composition
Ge with direct bandgap
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 39
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optical properties of semiconductors
Schematic of the effect of quantum confinement on the electronic structure of a semiconductor The arrows indicate the lowest energy absorption transition (a) Bulk semiconductor CB = conduction band VB = valence band) (b) Three lowest electron (Enle ) and hole (Enlh ) energy levels in a quantum dot The corresponding wave functions are represented by dashed lines (c) Semiconductor nanocrystal (quantum dot)
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 40
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optical properties of semiconductors
(a) Three lowest electron (Enle ) and hole (Enlh ) energy levels in a semiconductor nanocrystal quantum dot The corresponding wave functions are represented by the dashed lines Allowed optical transitions are given by the arrows (b) Assignment of the transitions in the absorption spectrum of colloidal CdTe quantum dots
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 41
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optical properties of semiconductors
Eg= band gap energy of bulk semiconductor
R = radius of quantum dot
me= effective mass of excited electron
mh= effective mass of excited hole
h = Planckrsquos constant
Energy of photons emitted by QDs
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 42
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optical properties of semiconductors
Eg= band gap energy of bulk semiconductor
R = radius of quantum dot
me= effective mass of excited electron
mh= effective mass of excited hole
h = Planckrsquos constant
Energy of photons emitted by QDs
CdS QD
1 Experimental data
2 calculation
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 43
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optical properties of semiconductors
Eg= band gap energy of bulk semiconductor
R = radius of quantum dot
me= effective mass of excited electron
mh= effective mass of excited hole
h = Planckrsquos constant
Energy of photons emitted by QDs
Advanced Biomedical Engineering book edited by Gaetano D Gargiulo Co-editor Alistair McEwan ISBN 978-953-307-555-6
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 44
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optical properties of semiconductors
Schematic representation of the quantum
confinement effect on the energy level structure of
a semiconductor material
Celso de Mello Donegaacute Chem Soc Rev 40 1512-1546 (2011)
119886119887 = 120634119898
120699119886119887
ab =0053 nm ndash dielectric constant
m ndash electron mass
m ndash effective electron mass
Bohr radius for semiconductors
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 45
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Questions
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 34
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optoelectronic properties of semiconductors
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTRON DEVICES VOL 55 NO 1 JANUARY 2008
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 35
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optical properties of semiconductors
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 36
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optical properties of semiconductors
(a) Direct-bandgap semiconductors such as GaAs InP and GaN (b) An indirect-bandgap semiconductor such as silicon or germanium
kne0 k=0
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 37
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optical properties of semiconductors
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 38
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optical properties of semiconductors
Jia-Zhi Chen et al Opt Mater Express 4 1178-1185 (2014)
Direct bandgap energies of unstrained Ge1minus xSnx alloys (a) and calculated band edges of the
various bands for pseudomorphic Ge1minus xSnx alloys on Ge as a function of Sn composition
Ge with direct bandgap
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 39
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optical properties of semiconductors
Schematic of the effect of quantum confinement on the electronic structure of a semiconductor The arrows indicate the lowest energy absorption transition (a) Bulk semiconductor CB = conduction band VB = valence band) (b) Three lowest electron (Enle ) and hole (Enlh ) energy levels in a quantum dot The corresponding wave functions are represented by dashed lines (c) Semiconductor nanocrystal (quantum dot)
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 40
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optical properties of semiconductors
(a) Three lowest electron (Enle ) and hole (Enlh ) energy levels in a semiconductor nanocrystal quantum dot The corresponding wave functions are represented by the dashed lines Allowed optical transitions are given by the arrows (b) Assignment of the transitions in the absorption spectrum of colloidal CdTe quantum dots
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 41
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optical properties of semiconductors
Eg= band gap energy of bulk semiconductor
R = radius of quantum dot
me= effective mass of excited electron
mh= effective mass of excited hole
h = Planckrsquos constant
Energy of photons emitted by QDs
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 42
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optical properties of semiconductors
Eg= band gap energy of bulk semiconductor
R = radius of quantum dot
me= effective mass of excited electron
mh= effective mass of excited hole
h = Planckrsquos constant
Energy of photons emitted by QDs
CdS QD
1 Experimental data
2 calculation
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 43
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optical properties of semiconductors
Eg= band gap energy of bulk semiconductor
R = radius of quantum dot
me= effective mass of excited electron
mh= effective mass of excited hole
h = Planckrsquos constant
Energy of photons emitted by QDs
Advanced Biomedical Engineering book edited by Gaetano D Gargiulo Co-editor Alistair McEwan ISBN 978-953-307-555-6
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 44
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optical properties of semiconductors
Schematic representation of the quantum
confinement effect on the energy level structure of
a semiconductor material
Celso de Mello Donegaacute Chem Soc Rev 40 1512-1546 (2011)
119886119887 = 120634119898
120699119886119887
ab =0053 nm ndash dielectric constant
m ndash electron mass
m ndash effective electron mass
Bohr radius for semiconductors
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 45
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Questions
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 35
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optical properties of semiconductors
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 36
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optical properties of semiconductors
(a) Direct-bandgap semiconductors such as GaAs InP and GaN (b) An indirect-bandgap semiconductor such as silicon or germanium
kne0 k=0
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 37
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optical properties of semiconductors
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 38
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optical properties of semiconductors
Jia-Zhi Chen et al Opt Mater Express 4 1178-1185 (2014)
Direct bandgap energies of unstrained Ge1minus xSnx alloys (a) and calculated band edges of the
various bands for pseudomorphic Ge1minus xSnx alloys on Ge as a function of Sn composition
Ge with direct bandgap
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 39
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optical properties of semiconductors
Schematic of the effect of quantum confinement on the electronic structure of a semiconductor The arrows indicate the lowest energy absorption transition (a) Bulk semiconductor CB = conduction band VB = valence band) (b) Three lowest electron (Enle ) and hole (Enlh ) energy levels in a quantum dot The corresponding wave functions are represented by dashed lines (c) Semiconductor nanocrystal (quantum dot)
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 40
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optical properties of semiconductors
(a) Three lowest electron (Enle ) and hole (Enlh ) energy levels in a semiconductor nanocrystal quantum dot The corresponding wave functions are represented by the dashed lines Allowed optical transitions are given by the arrows (b) Assignment of the transitions in the absorption spectrum of colloidal CdTe quantum dots
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 41
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optical properties of semiconductors
Eg= band gap energy of bulk semiconductor
R = radius of quantum dot
me= effective mass of excited electron
mh= effective mass of excited hole
h = Planckrsquos constant
Energy of photons emitted by QDs
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 42
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optical properties of semiconductors
Eg= band gap energy of bulk semiconductor
R = radius of quantum dot
me= effective mass of excited electron
mh= effective mass of excited hole
h = Planckrsquos constant
Energy of photons emitted by QDs
CdS QD
1 Experimental data
2 calculation
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 43
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optical properties of semiconductors
Eg= band gap energy of bulk semiconductor
R = radius of quantum dot
me= effective mass of excited electron
mh= effective mass of excited hole
h = Planckrsquos constant
Energy of photons emitted by QDs
Advanced Biomedical Engineering book edited by Gaetano D Gargiulo Co-editor Alistair McEwan ISBN 978-953-307-555-6
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 44
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optical properties of semiconductors
Schematic representation of the quantum
confinement effect on the energy level structure of
a semiconductor material
Celso de Mello Donegaacute Chem Soc Rev 40 1512-1546 (2011)
119886119887 = 120634119898
120699119886119887
ab =0053 nm ndash dielectric constant
m ndash electron mass
m ndash effective electron mass
Bohr radius for semiconductors
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 45
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Questions
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 36
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optical properties of semiconductors
(a) Direct-bandgap semiconductors such as GaAs InP and GaN (b) An indirect-bandgap semiconductor such as silicon or germanium
kne0 k=0
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 37
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optical properties of semiconductors
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 38
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optical properties of semiconductors
Jia-Zhi Chen et al Opt Mater Express 4 1178-1185 (2014)
Direct bandgap energies of unstrained Ge1minus xSnx alloys (a) and calculated band edges of the
various bands for pseudomorphic Ge1minus xSnx alloys on Ge as a function of Sn composition
Ge with direct bandgap
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 39
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optical properties of semiconductors
Schematic of the effect of quantum confinement on the electronic structure of a semiconductor The arrows indicate the lowest energy absorption transition (a) Bulk semiconductor CB = conduction band VB = valence band) (b) Three lowest electron (Enle ) and hole (Enlh ) energy levels in a quantum dot The corresponding wave functions are represented by dashed lines (c) Semiconductor nanocrystal (quantum dot)
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 40
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optical properties of semiconductors
(a) Three lowest electron (Enle ) and hole (Enlh ) energy levels in a semiconductor nanocrystal quantum dot The corresponding wave functions are represented by the dashed lines Allowed optical transitions are given by the arrows (b) Assignment of the transitions in the absorption spectrum of colloidal CdTe quantum dots
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 41
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optical properties of semiconductors
Eg= band gap energy of bulk semiconductor
R = radius of quantum dot
me= effective mass of excited electron
mh= effective mass of excited hole
h = Planckrsquos constant
Energy of photons emitted by QDs
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 42
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optical properties of semiconductors
Eg= band gap energy of bulk semiconductor
R = radius of quantum dot
me= effective mass of excited electron
mh= effective mass of excited hole
h = Planckrsquos constant
Energy of photons emitted by QDs
CdS QD
1 Experimental data
2 calculation
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 43
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optical properties of semiconductors
Eg= band gap energy of bulk semiconductor
R = radius of quantum dot
me= effective mass of excited electron
mh= effective mass of excited hole
h = Planckrsquos constant
Energy of photons emitted by QDs
Advanced Biomedical Engineering book edited by Gaetano D Gargiulo Co-editor Alistair McEwan ISBN 978-953-307-555-6
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 44
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optical properties of semiconductors
Schematic representation of the quantum
confinement effect on the energy level structure of
a semiconductor material
Celso de Mello Donegaacute Chem Soc Rev 40 1512-1546 (2011)
119886119887 = 120634119898
120699119886119887
ab =0053 nm ndash dielectric constant
m ndash electron mass
m ndash effective electron mass
Bohr radius for semiconductors
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 45
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Questions
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 37
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optical properties of semiconductors
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 38
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optical properties of semiconductors
Jia-Zhi Chen et al Opt Mater Express 4 1178-1185 (2014)
Direct bandgap energies of unstrained Ge1minus xSnx alloys (a) and calculated band edges of the
various bands for pseudomorphic Ge1minus xSnx alloys on Ge as a function of Sn composition
Ge with direct bandgap
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 39
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optical properties of semiconductors
Schematic of the effect of quantum confinement on the electronic structure of a semiconductor The arrows indicate the lowest energy absorption transition (a) Bulk semiconductor CB = conduction band VB = valence band) (b) Three lowest electron (Enle ) and hole (Enlh ) energy levels in a quantum dot The corresponding wave functions are represented by dashed lines (c) Semiconductor nanocrystal (quantum dot)
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 40
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optical properties of semiconductors
(a) Three lowest electron (Enle ) and hole (Enlh ) energy levels in a semiconductor nanocrystal quantum dot The corresponding wave functions are represented by the dashed lines Allowed optical transitions are given by the arrows (b) Assignment of the transitions in the absorption spectrum of colloidal CdTe quantum dots
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 41
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optical properties of semiconductors
Eg= band gap energy of bulk semiconductor
R = radius of quantum dot
me= effective mass of excited electron
mh= effective mass of excited hole
h = Planckrsquos constant
Energy of photons emitted by QDs
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 42
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optical properties of semiconductors
Eg= band gap energy of bulk semiconductor
R = radius of quantum dot
me= effective mass of excited electron
mh= effective mass of excited hole
h = Planckrsquos constant
Energy of photons emitted by QDs
CdS QD
1 Experimental data
2 calculation
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 43
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optical properties of semiconductors
Eg= band gap energy of bulk semiconductor
R = radius of quantum dot
me= effective mass of excited electron
mh= effective mass of excited hole
h = Planckrsquos constant
Energy of photons emitted by QDs
Advanced Biomedical Engineering book edited by Gaetano D Gargiulo Co-editor Alistair McEwan ISBN 978-953-307-555-6
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 44
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optical properties of semiconductors
Schematic representation of the quantum
confinement effect on the energy level structure of
a semiconductor material
Celso de Mello Donegaacute Chem Soc Rev 40 1512-1546 (2011)
119886119887 = 120634119898
120699119886119887
ab =0053 nm ndash dielectric constant
m ndash electron mass
m ndash effective electron mass
Bohr radius for semiconductors
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 45
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Questions
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 38
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optical properties of semiconductors
Jia-Zhi Chen et al Opt Mater Express 4 1178-1185 (2014)
Direct bandgap energies of unstrained Ge1minus xSnx alloys (a) and calculated band edges of the
various bands for pseudomorphic Ge1minus xSnx alloys on Ge as a function of Sn composition
Ge with direct bandgap
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 39
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optical properties of semiconductors
Schematic of the effect of quantum confinement on the electronic structure of a semiconductor The arrows indicate the lowest energy absorption transition (a) Bulk semiconductor CB = conduction band VB = valence band) (b) Three lowest electron (Enle ) and hole (Enlh ) energy levels in a quantum dot The corresponding wave functions are represented by dashed lines (c) Semiconductor nanocrystal (quantum dot)
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 40
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optical properties of semiconductors
(a) Three lowest electron (Enle ) and hole (Enlh ) energy levels in a semiconductor nanocrystal quantum dot The corresponding wave functions are represented by the dashed lines Allowed optical transitions are given by the arrows (b) Assignment of the transitions in the absorption spectrum of colloidal CdTe quantum dots
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 41
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optical properties of semiconductors
Eg= band gap energy of bulk semiconductor
R = radius of quantum dot
me= effective mass of excited electron
mh= effective mass of excited hole
h = Planckrsquos constant
Energy of photons emitted by QDs
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 42
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optical properties of semiconductors
Eg= band gap energy of bulk semiconductor
R = radius of quantum dot
me= effective mass of excited electron
mh= effective mass of excited hole
h = Planckrsquos constant
Energy of photons emitted by QDs
CdS QD
1 Experimental data
2 calculation
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 43
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optical properties of semiconductors
Eg= band gap energy of bulk semiconductor
R = radius of quantum dot
me= effective mass of excited electron
mh= effective mass of excited hole
h = Planckrsquos constant
Energy of photons emitted by QDs
Advanced Biomedical Engineering book edited by Gaetano D Gargiulo Co-editor Alistair McEwan ISBN 978-953-307-555-6
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 44
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optical properties of semiconductors
Schematic representation of the quantum
confinement effect on the energy level structure of
a semiconductor material
Celso de Mello Donegaacute Chem Soc Rev 40 1512-1546 (2011)
119886119887 = 120634119898
120699119886119887
ab =0053 nm ndash dielectric constant
m ndash electron mass
m ndash effective electron mass
Bohr radius for semiconductors
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 45
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Questions
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 39
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optical properties of semiconductors
Schematic of the effect of quantum confinement on the electronic structure of a semiconductor The arrows indicate the lowest energy absorption transition (a) Bulk semiconductor CB = conduction band VB = valence band) (b) Three lowest electron (Enle ) and hole (Enlh ) energy levels in a quantum dot The corresponding wave functions are represented by dashed lines (c) Semiconductor nanocrystal (quantum dot)
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 40
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optical properties of semiconductors
(a) Three lowest electron (Enle ) and hole (Enlh ) energy levels in a semiconductor nanocrystal quantum dot The corresponding wave functions are represented by the dashed lines Allowed optical transitions are given by the arrows (b) Assignment of the transitions in the absorption spectrum of colloidal CdTe quantum dots
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 41
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optical properties of semiconductors
Eg= band gap energy of bulk semiconductor
R = radius of quantum dot
me= effective mass of excited electron
mh= effective mass of excited hole
h = Planckrsquos constant
Energy of photons emitted by QDs
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 42
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optical properties of semiconductors
Eg= band gap energy of bulk semiconductor
R = radius of quantum dot
me= effective mass of excited electron
mh= effective mass of excited hole
h = Planckrsquos constant
Energy of photons emitted by QDs
CdS QD
1 Experimental data
2 calculation
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 43
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optical properties of semiconductors
Eg= band gap energy of bulk semiconductor
R = radius of quantum dot
me= effective mass of excited electron
mh= effective mass of excited hole
h = Planckrsquos constant
Energy of photons emitted by QDs
Advanced Biomedical Engineering book edited by Gaetano D Gargiulo Co-editor Alistair McEwan ISBN 978-953-307-555-6
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 44
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optical properties of semiconductors
Schematic representation of the quantum
confinement effect on the energy level structure of
a semiconductor material
Celso de Mello Donegaacute Chem Soc Rev 40 1512-1546 (2011)
119886119887 = 120634119898
120699119886119887
ab =0053 nm ndash dielectric constant
m ndash electron mass
m ndash effective electron mass
Bohr radius for semiconductors
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 45
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Questions
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 40
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optical properties of semiconductors
(a) Three lowest electron (Enle ) and hole (Enlh ) energy levels in a semiconductor nanocrystal quantum dot The corresponding wave functions are represented by the dashed lines Allowed optical transitions are given by the arrows (b) Assignment of the transitions in the absorption spectrum of colloidal CdTe quantum dots
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 41
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optical properties of semiconductors
Eg= band gap energy of bulk semiconductor
R = radius of quantum dot
me= effective mass of excited electron
mh= effective mass of excited hole
h = Planckrsquos constant
Energy of photons emitted by QDs
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 42
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optical properties of semiconductors
Eg= band gap energy of bulk semiconductor
R = radius of quantum dot
me= effective mass of excited electron
mh= effective mass of excited hole
h = Planckrsquos constant
Energy of photons emitted by QDs
CdS QD
1 Experimental data
2 calculation
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 43
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optical properties of semiconductors
Eg= band gap energy of bulk semiconductor
R = radius of quantum dot
me= effective mass of excited electron
mh= effective mass of excited hole
h = Planckrsquos constant
Energy of photons emitted by QDs
Advanced Biomedical Engineering book edited by Gaetano D Gargiulo Co-editor Alistair McEwan ISBN 978-953-307-555-6
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 44
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optical properties of semiconductors
Schematic representation of the quantum
confinement effect on the energy level structure of
a semiconductor material
Celso de Mello Donegaacute Chem Soc Rev 40 1512-1546 (2011)
119886119887 = 120634119898
120699119886119887
ab =0053 nm ndash dielectric constant
m ndash electron mass
m ndash effective electron mass
Bohr radius for semiconductors
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 45
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Questions
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 41
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optical properties of semiconductors
Eg= band gap energy of bulk semiconductor
R = radius of quantum dot
me= effective mass of excited electron
mh= effective mass of excited hole
h = Planckrsquos constant
Energy of photons emitted by QDs
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 42
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optical properties of semiconductors
Eg= band gap energy of bulk semiconductor
R = radius of quantum dot
me= effective mass of excited electron
mh= effective mass of excited hole
h = Planckrsquos constant
Energy of photons emitted by QDs
CdS QD
1 Experimental data
2 calculation
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 43
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optical properties of semiconductors
Eg= band gap energy of bulk semiconductor
R = radius of quantum dot
me= effective mass of excited electron
mh= effective mass of excited hole
h = Planckrsquos constant
Energy of photons emitted by QDs
Advanced Biomedical Engineering book edited by Gaetano D Gargiulo Co-editor Alistair McEwan ISBN 978-953-307-555-6
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 44
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optical properties of semiconductors
Schematic representation of the quantum
confinement effect on the energy level structure of
a semiconductor material
Celso de Mello Donegaacute Chem Soc Rev 40 1512-1546 (2011)
119886119887 = 120634119898
120699119886119887
ab =0053 nm ndash dielectric constant
m ndash electron mass
m ndash effective electron mass
Bohr radius for semiconductors
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 45
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Questions
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 42
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optical properties of semiconductors
Eg= band gap energy of bulk semiconductor
R = radius of quantum dot
me= effective mass of excited electron
mh= effective mass of excited hole
h = Planckrsquos constant
Energy of photons emitted by QDs
CdS QD
1 Experimental data
2 calculation
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 43
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optical properties of semiconductors
Eg= band gap energy of bulk semiconductor
R = radius of quantum dot
me= effective mass of excited electron
mh= effective mass of excited hole
h = Planckrsquos constant
Energy of photons emitted by QDs
Advanced Biomedical Engineering book edited by Gaetano D Gargiulo Co-editor Alistair McEwan ISBN 978-953-307-555-6
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 44
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optical properties of semiconductors
Schematic representation of the quantum
confinement effect on the energy level structure of
a semiconductor material
Celso de Mello Donegaacute Chem Soc Rev 40 1512-1546 (2011)
119886119887 = 120634119898
120699119886119887
ab =0053 nm ndash dielectric constant
m ndash electron mass
m ndash effective electron mass
Bohr radius for semiconductors
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 45
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Questions
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 43
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optical properties of semiconductors
Eg= band gap energy of bulk semiconductor
R = radius of quantum dot
me= effective mass of excited electron
mh= effective mass of excited hole
h = Planckrsquos constant
Energy of photons emitted by QDs
Advanced Biomedical Engineering book edited by Gaetano D Gargiulo Co-editor Alistair McEwan ISBN 978-953-307-555-6
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 44
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optical properties of semiconductors
Schematic representation of the quantum
confinement effect on the energy level structure of
a semiconductor material
Celso de Mello Donegaacute Chem Soc Rev 40 1512-1546 (2011)
119886119887 = 120634119898
120699119886119887
ab =0053 nm ndash dielectric constant
m ndash electron mass
m ndash effective electron mass
Bohr radius for semiconductors
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 45
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Questions
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 44
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Optical properties of semiconductors
Schematic representation of the quantum
confinement effect on the energy level structure of
a semiconductor material
Celso de Mello Donegaacute Chem Soc Rev 40 1512-1546 (2011)
119886119887 = 120634119898
120699119886119887
ab =0053 nm ndash dielectric constant
m ndash electron mass
m ndash effective electron mass
Bohr radius for semiconductors
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 45
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Questions
Member of the Helmholtz Association Page 45
Slawomir Prucnal| HZDR | wwwhzdrde FWIZ Seminar 13112014
Questions