fundamentals of genetics review. definitions 100 the field of biology devoted to understanding how...

Fundamentals of Genetics Review

Definitions 100

• The field of Biology devoted to understanding how characteristics are transmitted from parents to offspring.

Definitions 100

•Genetics

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•When pollen grains from the male part of the flower are transferred to the female part of the flower

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•Pollination

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•The fertilized egg cell

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•zygote

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•A segment of DNA on a chromosome that controls a particular hereditary trait

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•gene

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•The appearance of an organism due to its genotype

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•phenotype

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•Alternative forms of the same gene

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•alleles

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•Describes a genotype where the two alleles for the gene are different

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•Heterozygous

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•Mendel’s Law that says that during gamete formation, the two parental alleles for a gene separate and go into different gametes

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•The Law of Segregation

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• Type of dominance relationship where the heterozygotes have a phenotype that is intermediate between the homozygous phenotypes

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•Incomplete Dominance

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•A dominantly inherited trait that results in short stature.

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•Achondroplasia

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•Mendel’s Law that states that each gene segregates independently of the other genes in gamete formation

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•The Law of Independent Assortment

Genetics Problems 200

• In pea plants, tall is dominant to short. What is the phenotypic ratio predicted from the following cross?• Tt X tt


• ½ tall• ½ short• Or 1:1 ratio of tall to

short


• In pea plants, tall is dominant to short. What is the phenotypic ratio predicted from the following cross?• Tt X Tt


•¾ tall•¼ short•Or 3:1 ratio of tall to short


• In pea plants, tall is dominant to short. What is the genotypic ratio predicted from the following cross?• Tt X Tt

Genetics Problems 200• ¼ homozygous dominant• ½ heterozygous• ¼ homozygous recessive• Or 1 homo dom: 2

hetero: 1 homo rec

Genetics Problems 300• In guinea pigs, short hair is

dominant to long. You have a momma guinea pig (Ss) and a dadda guinea pig (ss) and you plan on letting them breed until they have 30 babies.

• How many of the babies are expected to have long hair?


•15

Genetics Problems 400• A mama oobley boobley bird

who is yellow mates with a papa oobley boobley bird who is blue. Their baby birds have some feathers that are blue and some feathers that are yellow.

• What kind of dominance relationship is this?


•Codominance

Genetics Problems 400• In fruit flies, normal wing shape (V) is

dominant to vestigial (v) and grey body (G) is dominant to black body (g).

• You do a cross between the following individuals:

• Female: VVGg• Male: Vvgg• What are the possible gametes that can

be formed for both the female and the male?


•Female: VG, Vg•Male: Vg, vg

Genetics Problems 500• A tomato plant with yellow

flowers is crossed with a tomato plant with red flowers. The offspring (F1 generation) all have orange flowers.

• What phenotypic ratios do you expect in the F2 generation?


• ¼ yellow flowers• ½ orange flowers• ¼ red flowers• Or 1 yellow: 2 orange:

1 red

Genetics Problems 500• In guinea pigs, black hair color

(B) is dominant to brown (b). Short hair (S) is dominant to long (s).

• What are the phenotypic ratios predicted from the following cross?

• BBSs X bbSs


•¾ black, short hair•¼ black, long hair•Or 3 black, short: 1

black, long


• A man with type A blood marries and woman who is type B.•What are the possible

genotypes of their kids?


• OO• AB• AO• BO

fundamentals of genetics review. definitions 100 the field of biology devoted to understanding how...

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