fundamental of compute1

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TAXATION AND ACCOUNTING SOFTWARE ACCOUNTANT

FUNDAMENTAL OF COMPUTER

COMPUTER (Commonly Operating Machine Purposely Used For Technical

Educational Research)

The word computer comes from the word compute, which means to calculate. So a

computer is normally consider being a calculating device perform arithmetic operation.

Computer is an electronic device, which take data on row form, stores and process it and

gives output in a meaningful form.

CHARACTERISTICS OF COMPUTER

1. Speed

A computer is a very fast device .it can perform in a few second the amount of work thata human being can do in an entire year. Powerful computer capable of performing about 3 or 4million simple arithmetic operation per second.

2.Accuracy

The accuracy of computer is consistently high and the degree of accuracy of a particularcomputer depend upon its design but for a particular computer each and every calculation isperformed with the same accuracy

3.No Feeling

Computers are devoid of emotion. They have no feeling and no instincts because they aremachine although men have succeeded in building a memory for the computer, but no computerpossesses the equivalent of a human heart and soul. They are only as good as man makes anduses them.

4.verstality

Versatility is one of the most wonderful things about the computer .it is preparing theresult of particular examination, it is busy preparing electricity bills, and in between, it may behelping an office secretary to trace an important letter in second.

5.Power Of Remembering.As a human being acquires new knowledge, the brain subconsciously what it feels to be

important and worth retaining in its memory, and relegates unimportant details to the back of themind or just forget them. With computer, this is not the case. A computer can store and recallany amount of information of its secondary storage capability.

6.Diligence

Unlike human being, a computer is free from monotony, tiredness, lack of concentration,etc, and hence can work for hours together without creating any error and without grumbling if

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ten million calculation have to be performed, a computer will perform the ten million calculationwith exactly the same accuracy and speed as the first one

PARTS OF COMPUTERS

Input device (keyboard, mouse, scanner, card reader.)

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CABINET

Cabinet is which we can set the part of computerlike (MOTHERBOARD, RAM, CPU, SMPS etc).The cabinet contains two types one is AT (advance

technology) and other type is ATX

Power on/off switch

Power on indicator

HDD Indicator Light

Reset

button

KEYBOARD

The keys on the keyboard resemble keys of atypewriter, besides typing alphabet and number.They carry out different command and function .keyboard key 108 or more than 112.the keyboard dividein five parts (numeric pads, alphabetical pads,function keys, arrows keys or special keys.

MOUSE

Mouse is a hand operated input device use to move thposition of curser on the screen or to select optionmouse has either two or three buttons mouse can beclicked or double clicked task like to select an icon onthe screen or open the select document

Scroll Mouse

Function keysNumeric

pad

Alphabetical pad Arrows keys

Special keys

Right clickScrolling


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ScannerScanner is an input device .it is also a peripheral part as it is attached to the computer. Wheneverneeded, it is first like a photocopy machine. It scans image or text and sends the copy of image tothe computer

Card reader

A card reader reads the information punched into a card, converting the presence or absence of ahole into an electrical signal representing a binary 0 or 1. Thus the hole in a card is convertedinto coded electrical pulses that CPU can accept. The data reads at the two stations are thencompared to verify the accuracy of the input operation. If the two reads match, the card acceptsthe data reader. If there is a mismatch, the card reader stops and an error message is given to the

operator

Output device (Monitor, Printer, Plotter)

Printer

A printer is an output device, which gives the result in printed form, for letter reference. A

printer can be either black and white & colured. Printer can be divided into two main

categories

1. Impact printer

DMP (Dot Matrix Printer)

These printers print each character as a pattern of dots .the print head comprise a matrix of tinyneedles, typically seven rows with nine needles in each (9*7) matrix), which hammer outcharacter in the form of pattern of tiny dots.The print quality of a dot-matrix printer is inferior to that a daisy wheel printer. But dot-matrixprinters are generally faster than letter quality printer-in the range of 40 to 250 characters persecond.

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Dot Matrix printer Inkjet Printer Laser printer

Left click


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DWP (Daisy Wheel Printer)

Daisy wheel printer also known as the name of letter quality printer, each Patel of the daisywheel has a character embossed on it. A motor spins the wheel at a rapid rate. When the desired

character spins to the correct position, a printer hammer strikes it to produce the output. Daisywheel printers are impact printer. The speed of this letter quality printer normally ranges from 10to 50 characters per second.

C&BP (Chain And Band Printer)

They use a rapidly moving chain called a print chain each link of the chain is a character font.Some models of printer use a metal band having raised print character on it. For each possibleprint position, there is a print hammer located behind the paper. As the print chain on the band

rotates. A standard character set is of 48 character .so chain printer that use the 64 set or the 96set repeats the character fewer times than the standard set. Speed of chain printer range from 400to 2500 characters per minute.

2. Non-impact printer

Inkjet printer

These are non-impact printer based on a relatively new technology. They printer character byspraying small drop of ink onto paper.Special type of ink having high iron content is used. Droplets of ink are electrically charged afterleaving a nozzle. Inkjet printer produce high quality output because the character are formed by

dozen of tiny inks dots. There is normally 132 or 136 print position per line. Some printer evenhas a line length of 120 character and a few have a line length of 140 character.

Thermal printer

These printer uses beat a chemical treated paper to from character. Fax machine that use rolls ofpaper are also of this printer.

Laser printer

These printer works alike a copy machine I\using tones and a heat bar. Laser printer can producepages of output at a rate equal to a paper copier. Each page produced on this printer is an originalone since there are no carbon copies. Because of there extremely high cost, these printer only

when hundreds of thousand of pages to be printed each month.

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Monitor

It is a soft copy output device. This output device is used to displaythe result on the screen. Monitor like a TV. It is also known as thevisual display. Monitor can display graphics and text. The size of amonitor is measured in inches diagonally across the speed i.e. 15, 17,19, & 21 inches.


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Plotter

A plotter is an output device used to produce hard copies of graph and design. Plotters arebasically of two types-drum and flatbed. In case of a drum plotter, the paper on which the designhas to be made is placed over a drum that rotates back and forth to produce vertical motion; penshaving ink of different colors can be mounted in different holder to produce multi-color design.

The Computer Generation (Advantage And Disadvantage)

Generation in computer talk is a step in technology .it provides a framework for the growth of

the computer industry. Originally the term generation was used to distinguish between varyinghardware technology. It has been extended to include both the hardware and software, whichtogether make up an entire computer system.

First generation (1942-1955)

We have already discussed about some of the early computer ENIAC, EDVAC, EDSAC etc.these machine and other of their time were made possible by the invention of vacuum tube.Which was a fragile glass device that could control and amplify electronic signals. Thesevacuum tube computers are referred to as first generation computers.

Advantage

1.Vacuum tubes were the only electronic components available during those days.2.Vacuum tube technology made possible the advent of electronic digital computer.3.These computers were the fastest calculating devices of their time. They could performcomputation

in millisecond.

Disadvantage

1.Too bulky in size, unreliable2.Air condition required, nonportable3.Commercial production was difficult and costly, limit commercial area.

Second generation (1955-1964)A transistor, a smaller and more reliable successor to the vacuum tube, was invented in1947.however; computers that used transistor were not produced in quantity until over a decadelater. The second generation emerged with transistor being the brain of the computer.

Advantage

1.Smaller in size compared to first generation computers.2.More reliable, better portability3.Less heat generated, wide commercial use.

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Disadvantage

1.Air condition required.2.Commercial production was difficulty and costly.

3.Frequent maintenance required.

Third generation (1964-1975)

Advance in electronic technology continued and the advent of microelectronics technologymade it possible to integrate large number of circuit elements into very small surface of siliconknown as chips. This new technology was called integrated circuit. The third generation basedon IC technology and the computer that were designed with the use of integrated circuit werecalled third generation computers.

Advantage

1.Smaller in size as compared to previous computer.2.Even lower heat generated than second generation computers.3.Maintenance cost is low,easy portable,totally generel purpose4.Commercial production was easier and cheaper.

Disadvantage

1.Air condition required in many cases.2.highly sophisticated technology required for the manufacture of IC chips.

Fourt generation(1975 onward)Intially , the integrated circuits contained only about ten to twenty components.thistechnology was named small scale integration(SSI)

MEMORY UNIT

1.Primary Memory

a)Ram

Random access memory ,which is a part of primary memory can be accessed randomly.it isvolatile in nature.when the power is switched of any data or instruction written into ram islost.access speed of ram is very fast than of any secondary storage.

b)Rom

It is chip where information is hardwired(written permanently which cannot be erased).inrom,when power supply is switched off the information does not get erased or lost unlikeram.information can be written only once of these kind of chips,it is written at the time ofmanufacturing only.

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2.Secondary Memory

a)Floppy Disk

b)Hard Disk

c)Compact Disk

TYPES OF COMPUTER

a) Based on purpose

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Compact Disk

Cd (Compact Disc) is used to store any data inwritable cd. High capacity of data storageblank cd is 700 M.B.Total time 80 minutesDvd (digital versatile disk) This is advancetechnology of cd.its media is too good from cd

high capacity of dvd is 4.7 GB to 8.5 GBinvented in 1995

Floppy Disk

Floppy diskette

The capacity of disk is measured in bytes. a byte is asingle character. it can be a leter,or a number or aspecial character.each block is called a sector.thedifferent disk capacities are determined by the numberof track per side,no of sector per track,no of byte persector and no of side in use.Follwing type of diskette driveSingle sided (160 kb/180 kb)

Double sided (320 kb/360kb)High capacity(1.2 mb)

HARD DISK

Hard disk: - This is the permanent disk of computerand it stores all the data of the computer system. Firsthard disk of Seagate in 1980s generated. Todays itscapacity is available in GB, TB


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i) Analog computer

Analog computer represent number by a physical quantity, that is they assign numeric values by

physically measuring some actual property, such as the length of an object, an angle or voltage.

ii) Digital computer

Digital computer represents data as number or separate units. Unlike to analog computer. Digitalcomputers can accurately represent the data using as many position and number as necessary

iii) Hybrid computer

Hybrid computer have the good features of both analog and digital computers. They have thespeed of an analog computer and accuracy of a digital computer. Hybrid computer control the airtraffic and the read of national defense

b) Based in performance, size and cost

i) Micro computer

Microcomputer is the smallest computer system. Their size range from calculator size todesktop size. It can perform same operation and can use same type of instruction as othercomputer. Its CPU is a microprocessor.

ii) Mini Computers

There is also small general-purpose system. But unlike most micros they typically servemultiple users. Such system is called a multi user system

iii) Mainframe Computers

Mainframe computer are those computers that offer faster processing speed and greaterstorage area. They are also multi user.

iv) Super Computer

Finally super computers are those computers, which are designed for scientific jobs likeweather forecasting and artificial intelligence. Etc. faster and more expensive.

PROCESSING DEVICE

CPU TYPES SPEED

P-I 100 mhz to 233 mhz

P-II 266 mhz to 438 mhz

P-III 450 mhz to 1.3 ghz

P-IV 1.4 ghz to 3.41 ghz

P-V 3.42 ghz to .

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M/S DOS(DISK OPERATING SYSTEM) To set or see the date on the console window.

C:\date

To set or see the time on the console window.

C:\time

To see the windows version.

C:\ver

Change the drive label.

C:\label

Check the label you have inset the label command.

C:\vol

To create a file

C:\copy con Mukesh(file name any)

To clear the screen

C:\Cls

To exit M/s dos

C:\Exit

To save a file after inserting matter.

C:\ copy con MukeshMukesh verma is a computer faculty in TASA-23 institute

F6 (or) ctrl+z

To delete a file

C:\del Mukesh

To view two file on screen together.

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C:\Fc ( first file name) ( second file name) To Merge other file matter into a file.

C:\Merge (first file name)+ (second file name)

Dir Commands

C:\Dir Shows all files and directory.

C:\Dir/p Show all files and directory with page wise.

C:\dir\w Show all files and directory with width wise.

C:\dir\4 Show date with century.

C:\dir/aa Show only files

C:\dir/ad Show only directory.

C:\dir\on Show files and directory in ascending order.

C:\dir\o-n Show files and directory in descending order.

C:\dir\od Show directory and files old date to new date.

C:\dir\o-d Show directory and files new date to old date.

C:\dir/ah Show all hidden files and directory.

Make a directory

C:\Md Mukesh (Directory Name)

To change or insert into a directory

C:\Cd Mukesh (insert into a dir)

To exit single directory

C:\Mukesh> cd..

To exit all directory

C:\Mukesh>amit>sachin> cd \

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To remove a directory

C:\rd Mukesh(dir remove if directory is blank/otherwise delete all files anddirectory who exist in a directory)

Mode command

C:\ mode 40 (To maximize size of character)C:\ mode 80(To default size of character)

While card command

C:\ dir a * (Show all files and directory who start A alphabet)C:\dir m??o? ( If you not remember the files name character than you will use

Place of ?)

More command

C:\Type Mukesh | more

Attrib command

C:\ attrib +h or - h(To hidden or show - files and directory)C:\ attrib +r or r(To protect or unprotect files and directory)

Ren command

C:\ren(old name) Mukesh (new name) amit

Move command

C:\move c:\Mukesh\a c:\( save A file to c drive)C:\move c:\Mukesh\a c:\amit\( save a file matter into a amit name directory)

To Save Data in FDD(Floppy Disk Drive)

C:\diskcopy c:\Mukesh\ *.* a:\ (a is the path of FDD)

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Copy command

C:\ copy Mukesh\amit c:\sachin (amit is a file exist in Mukesh dir , copy insachin dir)

XCopy command

/S System file

/E Empty dir or file

/P proper file

C:\Xcopy /s/e/pc:\Mukesh c:\amit

(Copy to all files and dir exist in Mukesh, into amit dir)

To Edit/Modify in a file

C:\Edit Mukesh(Edit in Mukesh file)Doskey

C:\doskey (To store all key you have write on M/S dos press F7 and see)C:\doskey /reinstall (To remove all previous stores command and newly store)

Prompt command

C:\ prompt Mukesh (The c drive name change into Mukesh)Mukesh:\> prompt $p$g (To current c drive path)C:\prompt $d (To show date)C:\prompt $t (To show time)C:\prompt $v (To show windows version)C:\prompt $g (To show greater than sign)C:\prompt $l (To show less than sign)INTERNAL COMMANDS

Those commands which have no need if executable file to run, other than commands,

which always present in system are called internal commands.

Example:-DATE, TIME, CLS, COPY CON, TYPE MD, CD, RD etc

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EXTERNAL COMMANDS

These commands always need a particular executable file to run.

Example: - FORMAT, DISKCOPY, MODE, LABEL, MORE

DIFFRENCE BETWEEN COPY AND XCOPY COMMAND

The copy command is used to copy the file into a directory but on the other hand xcopycommand is used to copy the files and directory into a blank directory.

Run commands

M/s paint

pbrushWord-pad writeNotepad notepadMS-word winwordMS-excel excelMS-power point powerpntMS-access MSaccessControl panel controlExplorer explorerWindows

Window is a multi user operating system, which interface between user & computer. it also

provide platform to the other software without windows we cannot run our programmed

which need the window platform.

Notepad

Notepad is used to create or edit text files that do not require formatting and it is smaller

than 6 kb.

Notepad open and save file in ASCII ( text only) format .the default extension if notepad is.txtYou cannot accidentally save special formatting in documents that need to remain pure

text. This is especially useful when creating HTML documents for a Web page because

special characters or other formatting may not appear in your published Web page or may

even cause errors.

WordPad

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With WordPad, you can create and edit simple text documents or documents with complexformatting and graphics. You can linkorembed information from other documents into aWordPad document. You can save your WordPad file as a text file, rich text file, text file for

MS-DOS, orUnicode. These formats provide greater flexibility when working with otherprograms. Documents that use multiple languages should be saved as rich text files.

Character map

It shows all the 256 character of a particular form with its keystrokes. Any one character can becopied & pasted into a document. It works with windows based programs.

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M/S PAINT

PAINT is a drawing tool you can use to create simple or elaborate drawings. These drawingscan be either black-and-white or color, and can be saved as bitmap files. You can print yourdrawing, use it for your desktop background, or paste it into another document. You can evenuse Paint to view and edit scanned photos.

FILE MENU

NEW :-

New command is used to insert a new file

OPEN:-

Open command is used to open a save file

SAVE:-

Save command is used to save a file you can give any name of file and save it.

SAVE AS:-

Save as command is used to save file to another name the name will be change into other name

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FREE FORM SELECT SELECT

ERASER

PICK COLOUR

PENCIL

LINE

RECTANGLE

ELLIPSE

FILL COLOUR

MAGNIFIER

BRUSH

TEXT

CURVE

POLYGON

ROUNDED RECTANGLE

BRUSH

DIFFERENT STYLE

OF LINE


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PRINT PREVIEW:-

To use this command you have see the preview of the page, before the printing of the page

PRINT:-To print out of a paper you have click on the print command

SEND:-

You can send the image to other server

SET AS WALLPAPER:-

Set as Background (Tiled) covers the desktop with repetitions of your picture.

Set as Background (Centered) places your picture in the center of the desktop.

.

EDIT MENU

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EXITExit the M/S paint

UNDO:-

It reverse the last command or delete the last entry you type to reverse to more than one action ata time click the arrow next to end than click the action you want to undo

REPEAT:-

It repeats your last command or action if possible when you use the undo command to reverse oraction the repeat command change to redo. The redo commands use the action of the undocommand.

CUT:-

It removes the selection from the active document and places it on the clipboard. This option isavailable if the text and object is select.

COPY:-

It copies the selection to the clipboard. This option is available if the text and object is selected.

PASTE:-

It insert the contents of the clipboard at the instruction and replace any selection this command isavailable only if you have cut or copies an object text

CLEAR ALL:-

It deletes the selected objects and text without putting it on the clipboard. This command isavailable only it an object or text is selected. You cannot paste the contents after delete.

SELECT ALL:-

It select the entire file

COPY TO:-

Copy to command is used to copy the image to another file .firstly you can select the area youwant to copy other file


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Paste from:-

Paste from command is used to insert another file matter in active file.

VIEW

Toolbox:-

You can hide/show the toolbox click on it.

Color box:-

You can show/hide the color box

Status bar:-

You cannot see the height or width you can drag the active tool .if you off the status bar.

Text toolbar:-You can set any font, size, or style click on it.

Zoom:-

You can set the page to zoom in % or actual size.

View bitmap:-

You can see before set the wallpaper preview.

IMAGE

Flip/rotate:-

You can set the selection of image in horizontal, vertical or a angle.

Stretch/skew:-

You can stretch the size of selection vertical or horizontal

Invert color:-

You can see the reverse color of selection color.

Attributes:-

You can set the page size in inches, centimeter, or pixels

Clear image:-

You can clear the selection image or active page.

Draw opaque:-

The selection is hide/show of drag another image if you click on it will be appearing.

EDIT COLOR

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Color-you can also add extra color you want to ser .click add to custom color.

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MICROSOFT WORD

INTRODUCTION

It is an application software .it is a part of M-S office package Microsoft word. It is used tocreate report, bio-data any type of written work and mainly in letter. In ms-word you can workdocumentation .It is an advance version of WordPad in ms-word you can work in pages .Thedefault file name of word file in document1. It has some features.

Mail merge

Auto correct

Spelling & grammar

Protect document

Microphone recording etc.

FILE MENU

New (Ctrl+N)

Create a new blank file use the new option.

Open (Ctrl+O)

Open the file.

Close (Ctrl+W)

Close the active file

Save (Ctrl+S)

Save the current file.

Save as (F12)

Save the file in different name and different location.

Save as web page

It save your active file in Html format .so it can be displayed in web browser and you can setother option such as web page

Web page preview

It opens the Internet explorer and displayed your current file as a web page so that you can seerow it will look before publishing.

Version

It save and manage multiple version of a document you can go back and open print an deleteearlier version

Page setup

It is used to set margin from left right top and bottom, paper size orientation of paper like portraitlandscape and other layout option of the active file.

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Print preview (Ctrl+F2)

It shows how a file read look before new printed. it show entire pages in document.

Print(Ctrl+P)It print the active file or selected item .you can set the other option such as printer name, papersize, orientation, range an number copy that you want

Send to

Mail receipt: it is used to send the content of the document as the body of e-mail message.Microsoft PowerPoint: it sends your active file content in PowerPoint and createpresentation automatically.

Properties

It displays the information about the active file like general option summary, line, word etc.

Exit(Alt+F4)

It close application of M/S word.

EDIT MENU

Undo (ctrl+Z)

It reverse the last command or delete the last entry you type to reverse to more than one action ata time click the arrow next to end than click the action you want to undo.

Repeat (Ctrl+Y)

It repeats your last command or action if possible when you use the undo command to reverse oraction the repeat command change to redo. The redo commands use the action of the undocommand.

Cut (Ctrl+X)

It remove the selection from the active document and place it on the clipboard. This option isavailable if the text and object is select.

Copy (Ctrl+C)

It copies the selection to the clipboard. This option is available if the text and object is selected.

Paste (Ctrl+V)

It insert the contents of the clipboard at the instruction and replace any selection this command isavailable only if you have cut or copies an object text.

Paste special

It allows you to paste txt without formatting or even from other software. It is use to pastespecial things.Microsoft word document object when you click this potion is display an icon which creates anew file in the active file

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Picture: It paste to the text in a picture format

Unformatted text: It paste to the text without format

Paste as Hyperlink

It insert the contents of the clipboard as a hyperlink at the incretion point this command isavailable only if you have cut or copied the contents official or data.

Clear

It deletes the selected objects and text without putting it on the clipboard. This command isavailable only it an object or text is selected. You cannot paste the contents after delete.

Select All(Ctrl+A)

It select the entire file

Find(Ctrl+F)

This command will find for you the exact text which is mention in its box and will stop forfurther action normally the finding of the text starts from the position where the curser is.

Replace(Ctrl+H)

It replace the specified text in to new text

Goto(Ctrl+G)

It moves the incretion point to the item you want to go you can moves to a page no, line no,bookmark, comment, full note etc.

Links

It display or changes information to each link in the current file including the name and locationof the sores file this command is available it he current file contents the link with other file.

Object (Edit/open)

It activates the application in which the selected objects words created so you changes in theclick edit to activate the objects in place and click open to activate the object in a separatewindow.

VEIW

Normal View (Alt+Ctrl+N)

it is a default view which is us for most word prossesing task such as typing,editing andformatting it is not true fall wisely (what you see is what you type)It hide some information such as header & footer, comments full note page not etc.

Web layout

It is an editing view that display your documents it will appear in a web browser and or Internetexplorer

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Print layout (Alt+Ctrl+P)

This word give you the preview of the page as it would look as it would look like when printing

Outline (Alt+Ctrl+O)

In this view you can work with the structure of your file in outline for if you need to organize &develop the content of your file in heading. you can work without in layout.

Toolbars

It show/hide the toolbar like standard ,formatting ,drawing etc.

Ruler

It is used to show or hide the ruler.

Document mapThe document map is separate pane that display a list of heading in the document. use thedocument quickly browse through the document and keep track of your location in it.

Header & footer

Header appear on the top of the page & footer appear on the bottom of the page .when you needto give the same type of information in the top and bottom area of the page you used header &footer.

Footnote

It display the footnotes & endnotes so that you can view and edit item

Comments

It display the comments which is make by the user

Full screen

It allows you to see your document on the full screen with out the menus

Zoom

It allows you to make the size of the document bigger on the screen

Insert Menu

Break (Alt+Enter)

It allows you to insert various type of breaks in your document like page break column break &section break

Page no

It inserts page no at the top area and the bottom area of the page. It will automatically operatedwhen you add or delete the pages

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Date & time (Alt+Shift+D)

It is use to add date and time at the insertion point in the format you Choose.

Auto text (Alt+F3)It is used to using the command you can insert you document various option of predefined textlike attention line, closing or letter, subject line etc.

Field

Field is an information about your document file use filed to insert a variety of informationautomatically and to keep the information into date such as page no create date of file user namenumber of words in file character of file etc.

Symbol

It insert symbol and any special character from the fonts that are installed your computer.

Comment (Alt+Ctrl+M)

It inserts the comments of the selection the comment text will be show in yellow color.

Footnote (Alt+Ctrl+F)

Footnote & endnote are used in a printing document to explain comment or an providereferences for text in a document you can include for footnote & endnote appears at the end of adocument.

Caption

Caption is a number label such as paragraph one figure one etc that you can add to a table figureand other such items you can give the caption label and format of number symbol for differenttype of items you can easily add or delete the caption number all at once

Cross reference

A cross reference is a reference to that item than appear in another location in a document forexample see figure no page 3 . You can also create cross reference to headings footnotebookmark numbering captions and show on

Index and table

This is a multiple command it allows you to create different type of indexes index. It is the one,which appears wall, at the back of the book. From here you can mark the entries have to comeover there.

Table of content

It is the one which you see in the beginning of the book and show the page no where the textappears in the book

Picture

It is use to insert the picture from clip art, gallery, picture from file, auto shapes, word art, fromscanner and chart.

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Text box

It insert the text box in which you can write the Metter.

FileIt inserts the part of a file or hole file into your file at the insertion point.

Object

There are various type of object which you can insert your document for example: you can inserta graphic from CorelDraw a spreadsheet from the excel a bit map from m/s point etc.

Bookmark (Ctrl+Shift+F5)

A bookmark is a location in your document or a selection of text that you name for referencepurpose after you place a bookmark you can return you the same location again and again byselection the bookmark when you use go to feature. You can also delete to bookmark

Hyperlink (Ctrl+K)

It is provide link to various website if you want to create a link in your document than use thiscommand.

Format menu

Font(Ctrl+D)

We can change the font and character spacing and special effect using font command.

Paragraph (Alt+Shirft+Right arrow)

We can change Para indent, alignment of a text spacing of the selected text

Bullet and numbering (Alt/Ctrl+Shift+L)

We can set the different type of bullet giving text and number in different type you have choose.

Border & shading

We can set the border of paper of different type, and text border or shading in a text

Columns (Ctrl+Shift+Enter)

Change the columns number of the selected text

Tab

To set the stopping of tab as you want to stop according to the ruler.

Drop line

Format a letter word or selected text with a large initial or dropped and it can appear in the leftmargin or dropped from the base line of the first line in the paragraph.

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Text direction

You can rotate the text in text box bottom,left,right as you want.

Change case (Shift+F3)You can change the case of text in upper,lowe,toggle and sentence case.

Background

We can fill the color in the page background or picture and different type of color using thebackground command.

Themes

Applied a new or different themes or remove a themes in a web page ,document e -mail messageor data access page. a themes is a part of unified design elements and color scheme forbackground , bullet, font and other document elements

Style

To create a new style with different style as you want you can applied and delete a style.

Object

You can give the line color, fill color and other type of formatting the selected object

Tools menu

Spelling and grammar (F7)

We can change or mark correction with in help of spelling& grammar.

Language:

i) Set language

Designates the language to selected test in a file that contents more than one language

ii) Hyphenation

With the help of hyphenation we can hyper note our document automatically

iii) Thesaurus (Shift+F7)

To get the synonym and antonym of the any word.

Word count

We can count the number of word paragraphs character with space and with the help of wordcount

Auto summarize

We can make a summery for a paragraph a by highlight the repainting of the paragraph in followcolor this can we done with the helping auto summarize.

Auto correct:

Correct to initial capital

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It corrects the word, which contains to initial capital letter charactering to the required case.

Capitalize first letter of the sentence

It capitalize first character of the sentence

Capitalize name of days

It changes the name of a days from small letter to capital letter

Track changes

Highlight changes

Track changes while edit

Highlight changes on the screen

Highlight changes on the printed document (Ctrl+Shift+E)

This option make you see the changes which are made by the different use on a different formatit highlight the changes in different format

Accept or reject changes

You can make your changes permanent or retrieve your old data that on the same positionCompare documentIn this option we can compare two different type of document and see the changes between than.

Merge document

A merge document we can merge on file into the other file

Protect documentIn protect document we can give password an protect our document in three different ways1.comment 2.forms 3.track changes

Mail merge

Firstly weekly on male merge with the help of mail merge we can make the data days for lettermails e-mails etc. we can also make different envelope &labels with the help of mail merge.Create-form letter-active window-get data-create data source choose the field-ok-save any

name-edit data source-fill require entry then place the fill entry and click on merge to newdocument.

Envelope & labels

Envelope

Click on envelope and letter than we will have to give delivery address

Labels

We will click on this option than it show many type of labels w can male envelope of differentstyle of label with the help of label by choosing different size and different format of that.

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Letter wizard

With the help of letter wizards we can make a different letter we can give a very good lookingformat to our letter which has a very good starting and ending points.

Macros (Alt+F8)

Macros is the function by which we can make a shoot of command by shortcut key throughkeyboard and rum anytime as our require.

Customize

With the help of customize command you can change the menu bar as well as toolbar you caninsert & remove different type of command.

Customize keyboard

By customize keyboard we can make a shortcut key firstly we will give any short key and thanwe will click on assign tab.

Commands.

You can inserts different type of commands

Toolbar

You can make a new toolbar by toolbar option

Option

In the option you can make the whole toolbar and assign the shortcut key.

What is the table?

A group table and rows in which we can enter the numerical value & other types of data table wehave two method to making a new table (1) by assigning a number of rows & column throwsinsert a table (2) with the help of pencil we can also create a table by drawing a pencil left toright & top to bottom

Insert

Insert a table

Merge cells

We can combined to cells into one cell by merge cells option if you want to merge cells you willhave two select to cells than click on merge cells option after doing this the two cells willbecome one cell.

Split cells

If we want to device one cell into two parts we will have to choose split cell from the table menu.

Split table

We can divide one table into two different parts

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Table auto format

Table auto format which provides a special formatting to our table

Auto fit

1.Auto fit to contents

With the help of auto fit to contents the size of the column /table fit according to its contents2.Auto fit to window

With the help of auto fit to window the size of the table fit according to its window3. Fixed column width

By fixed column width the text can not entered the width of column4. Distribute rows evenly

Its make the size of rows equal

Heading row repeat

It can make a duplicate copy of the heading of the same matter.

Covert

Text to table: It convert the text table to text as the required condition.Table to text: It convert the table to text as required condition

Sort

We can sort the our table either in ascending or descending orderFormula:

With the help of formula, we can insert different type of function, like sum, average, max, minetc.Hide gridlines

When we delete a row or column, table or cell it gridlines remain undeleted. We can see gridlineproperly. If you want to hide the gridline, we have to use hide gridlines option.Table properties

We can manage the height & width alignment & other thing related to table with the help of tableproperties.Window

New window

Open a new window with the same contents as the active window so you can view different partsof a file at the same time.Arrange

Display all opens file in the separate windows on the screenSplit(Alt+Ctrl/Shift+S)

Split the active window into panes, or remove the panes in active windowShort Cut Keys In M/S Word

Ctrl+E Center ParaCtrl+L Left paraCtrl+R RightCtrl+J Justify

Ctrl+Shift+C Copy formatCtrl+Shift+v Paste formatCtrl+Spacebar Remove formattingCtrl+1 Single spaceline

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Ctrl+5 Set 1.5 line spacingAlt+Shift+Rightarrow Apply styleAlt+Ctrl+1 Heading 1

Alt+Ctrl+2 Heading 2Alt+Ctrl+3 Heading 3Ctrl+Shift+* Hide/show markCtrl+Shift+Q Change the selection

into font symbolCtrl+Equal sign Apply subscriptCtrl+Shift+plus sign Apply superscriptCtrl+Q Remove paragraph

formattingCtrl+Shift+d Double underlineCtrl+] Increse one size step

Ctrl+[ Decrease one size stepAlt+Ctrl+R Register trademarkAlt+Ctrl+D EndnoteAlt+Shift+N Merge documentCtrl+F6 Switch document

Ctrl+M Indent Para from the leftCtrl+Shift+M Indent para from the

rightAlt+Ctrl+F Change the fontF4 Repeat last findCtrl+M Indent a paragraph from the

leftAlt+Shift+X Mark entryCTRL+SHIFT+T Reduce a hanging indent

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MICROSOFT EXCEL

What is excel?

Excel is application software, which work on use on window platform. It is also called

spreadsheet programme which can we use to store different numerical or text data in a grid of

rows & column. We can perform different type of calculation & analyses in the data by the help

of some useful commend.

What are the main components of excel.There are main components of excel are as follow.

(1) Data base components

(2) Spread sheet

(3) Chart sheet

(1) Data base componentsIt is the components, which display the information,and list of records comes under a

particular database.(2) Spreadsheet componentsIt displays the various text and numeric data. Value in a grid rows and column and finally

analyses it.

(3) Chart sheet components

It is the components. Which we can make a Varity of chart by the given data, which help the

user to display in a data in a graphical manner.

What is the database?Database is a set of record information.

What is the record?Record is a set of field, which displays information of a particular thing.

How many menu bars come in excel?There are so many bars comes under this window in this application.

(1) Title bar

(2) Menu bar

(3) Standard toolbar

(4) Formatting toolbar

(5) Formula bar

(6) Drawing bar

(7) Status toolbar

Title barShow names the workbook.

Menu bar

Use to apply different commands.

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Formatting barUse to change the format by applying font, font size, bold italic, etc.

Formula bar

Use to different formulas. It is very important part of excel. Which do three important parts

contribute? First is the left part, which is namely reference area that shows the address of theactive cell second is middle & third one is right part. Which is used to display the data that is enterinto the cell. In this part by the F2 key the user can also edit the data in the cell. This bar is namelyuseful applying different function.

Drawing bar

We can make different type of picture.

Status bar

Status toolbar is a toolbar in which we can see the information regarding help, printing& other types of information likecaps lock is on.

What is workbook?In or practical life the general term work book is sat to be these files which are used for makingpractical but in the excel meaning of it is slightly different in excel work book is a file where the usercan store the different types of data in a several work sheet.

What is the work sheet?

A work sheet spread sheet, which consist of a group of rows & column. In which we can enter the data& information. A single work sheet contain column contain header which are labeled which a to z, aato zz, ba to bz, ia to iv. The intersection of rows & column are called cell. In which we enter the valueof as grid line. The cell in which we entered the value is identified by its address. The combination ofrows & column number make & cell address.

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FILE MENU

New (Ctrl+N)For create a new workbook select new option from file menu

Open (Ctrl+O)

For opening a work book select the open commend in the file menu

Save (Ctrl+S)

With the help of save option, file menu. We can give particulars name to our workbook for the futureof the data.

Save as (F12)

We can make a duplicate files in the excel with the help of save as option in the file menuSave as web pageWe can save the workbook we look like a web page and we can open that file in the Internet explorer

Save workspace

With the help of save workspace in the file menu we can save more than one file into one file name

Web page preview

With the help of web page preview we can see the preview of our workbook in the Internet explorer

Page setup

With the help of page setup we can manage all features of the sheet including pages like size of thepage orientation or header footer etc.

Print area

By this option we can set the area that has to be printed for doing this we have to take this followingsteps. (1) We have to select the area or the cells we want to take print area option in the file menu andclick on set print area after this the selected area would have been covered by same lines than the areaset to be printed

Print preview

It shows the preview of the work sheet, which has to be printed

Print

We can print the entire sheet or the pages comes in worksheet by selected the text or by giving therange of the pages we can also make print out of entire work book

EDIT MENU

Cut

We can move text or numerical value from one call to another call

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Copy

With the help of copy command we can make duplicate copy of the matter of copy the formula in thework sheet

PasteWe can paste the buffer contents (text, numerical, value, formula) into different calls

Paste special

We can special formats formula &different functions with the help of paste special

Paste hyperlink

We can paste the link of the text, which from we had copied from the other call

Fill

As the name says fill it file the value into different calls in many ways

Down

It fills the value from the upper calls to the lower in down word direction

Right

It fills the value from the left call to the right side to down word direction

Up

It fills the value from the down cell to the up cell

Across worksheet

We can copy or make a duplicate copy of the selected cell into selected worksheet

Series

We ca fill values by series in different manners

Linear

We can add the steps value to the selected numbers

Growth

We can multiply the step value to the selected cell

DateWe can add the step value to the data either come in any data unit (day, weekday, month & year)

Auto fill

We can fill a value fill the auto fill but it files the value in the same manners as fill handed does

Justify

It arrange the value of or the text which is not properly covered by a particulars call into different call

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Clear

All

It clears the value or the contents of the all in the different manner like all, which clears the contents to

the all along with format and comments

Formats

It clears formats of the all excluding value

Contents

It clears only contents of a call

Comments

It clears only comments of a call

DeleteWe can delete the all in different manners by shifting the call in left & up direction and we can alsodelete rows& column throw it

Delete sheet

We can delete a sheet by this command

Move or copy sheet

We can move or copy by sheet into save and different workbook

FindWe can find the value into different all in rows and column direction

Replace

We can replace the old value from the new value by choosing replace option in edit menu

Goto

We can go to any range of the call by using go to command in edit menu

VIEW MENU

NormalIt is the normal view of the work sheet means you can only the work sheet area beside page no. On thework sheet

Page break

We can see the only page break in the worksheet along with page no.

Formula bar

In the formula bar same as before

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Header & footer

In the header & footer we can give header along with footer we can see header & footer in printpreview only not on the work sheet we can give header & footer by custom header & custom footerbutton in page setup dialogue box

Comment

This option is unable us to view are not to view the comment.

Custom view

This type is view is used to view the area as the want.

Full screen

It shows the area of the work sheet.

Zoom

We can magnify the area of the works sheet with the help of zoom.

INSERT MENU

Rows

We can insert a single row in a worksheet.

Columns

We can insert a single column in a worksheet

Cells

We can insert a single cell in a worksheet by shifting the cell to down and the right direction.Worksheet

We can insert a worksheet in a workbook

Page break

We can insert page break into our worksheet from where we select the cell by inserting the page breakpage device in the four parts.

Chart

Chart is a graphical representation of the data and numeric value in the worksheet .we can insert thedifferent types of chart like

1. Columns chart2. Bar chart3. Line chart4. Pie chart5. Area chart6. Ought & chart

7. Surface chart8. Bubble chart9. Stock chart10. Cylinder chart11. Cone chart12. Pyramid chart

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By selected the range of the data .we can make the different type of chart above the set charts.

Function

Function is an unforgettable part of excel because in every calculation we need particular type ofcalculation for that calculation. There are many type of function which are used in different

calculationSuch as date & time, maths & trig, text, logical, database etc.

Name

Define

By this option we can create a name for a particular cell, range or can text-computing value thatyou can used to refer to the cell range

Paste

Paste the selected names at the insertion point along with the reference of the cell range

FORMAT MENU

Cells (Ctrl+1)

By this option we can change the format of the selected range in the cell. We can also providethe lock option to that selected cell, which is very useful while providing password to the sheet inprotection.

Rows

We can manage the height & make the cell or row Auto fit by this option.

Column

We can manage the width and make the cell or column Auto fit by this option.

Sheet

By sheet, we can give different make to our sheet hide or unhide & provide background also.

Auto format

We can change the format of the table with the help of auto format. Apply the format of theselected range, as you want.

Conditional formattingIt apply to the format to the selected all that meet a specific criteria pasted on value or formulawhich we had specified

Style

It is the option by using which we can different make style for formatting to our sheet.

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Tools menu

Share workbook

It switches the workbook to share mode for the multi-user. Means it somebody makes somechanges in the workbook .it automatically track that changes and highlight them in front the user

by using highlight changes.

Merge workbook

It merges two workbooks having same matter with same changes on it.

Protection

With the help of protect sheet. We can protect our workbook in three different modes

Protect sheet

Protect workbook

Protect & share workbook

Protect sheetWith the help of protect sheet .we can protect our worksheet & than nobody allows to enter anytype and delete of data in worksheet. It will become locked.

Protect workbook

By protect workbook, we can protect our workbook by stretcher and windows. Means we cannotdelete insert and rename the worksheet and also we cannot split & freeze. The pause of thewindows.

Protect & share workbook

In this, we can protect and share the workbook by password means the changes that were mode

by the user was highlight on the screen. We can set that changes easily. Also we can protect ourworkbook for deleting and inserting sheet into it.

Goal seek

It adjust the value in specific cell until a formula that is depend on that shall reach is a targetvalue.

Scenario

We can create the scenario for viewing the analysis of the data or result

Auditing

Auditing is the feature by which we can see the relation of the cell

Trace precedent

Trace precedents which show that how many cell participating in a formula which is showing inspecify result

Trace dependents

In dependents, we can trace the cells of which the other was depending.

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Trace error

It traces the error of the active cell & rows the errors by which the error has been created.

DATA MENU

Sort

With the help of sorting we can sort the data of the table in ascending or descending order.

Filter

Auto filter

It is the quickest way to display the selected item into a list.

Advance filter

It filters the data in a list that only the need a condition use specifies using a criteria range thatsplit on the cell.

Form

It displays the data it is the form dialogue box. We can also insert the data into the sheet by usingform. It is also using for applying filter by using a particular criteria.

Subtotal

It calculates the subtotal & grand total values for the table column you select .it automatically

insert & labels the total rows and outline the list.

Validation

It defines, what data is valid for individual cell. It also restricts the data entry to a particular typelike all number which sets limit on the valid entry.

Table

It creates a data table based on input value & formula defined. It also used for showing the resultof changing value in our formula.

Text to columns

It converts the selected text into different columns as a require condition of with species orwithout space.

Consolidate

It summarizes the data from one cell or more sources at them displays into a single table.

Group and outline

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We can make a group & outline of selected columns and row .we can also create auto outlinewith the help of this option.

Pivot table & chart

We can create a special type of chart & table with the help of this option means we can arrange

the data as we want in a table we can also see the information regarding a single person. We canalso see the information regarding a single person. We can also provide special type of pivottable we can type different type of chart & arrange in meaningful manner by this option.

SHORTCUT KEYS

Ctrl+Home Move to the beginning ofThe worksheet

Ctrl+End Move to the last cell on the

Worksheet

F5 Goto

Shift+f5 Find

Shift+f4 Repeat

Ctrl+Shift+f6 Move to the previousWorkbook

Shift+f11 Insert a worksheet

Alt+f11 Create a chart

Atrl+pageup move the previous sheet

Ctrl+pagedown move the next sheetShift +Enter move cell upShift+F2 edit commentCtrl+D fill downCtrl+R Fill rightAlt+ = Auto sumCtrl+; Enter the dateCtrl+Shift+: Enter the timeCtrl+Shift+N Number applyCtrl+shift+% Apply percentageCtrl+7 show or hide standardtoolbar

Ctrl+ Hyphen deletes rows and columnsCtrl+W close the active

workbook

Ctrl+5 Apply or removestrikethrough

Ctrl+9 Hide rows

Ctrl+shift+9 Unhide rows

Ctrl+0 Hide columns

Ctrl+shift+0 Unhide columns

Ctrl+shift+* Selected are to write sheet

Ctrl+spacebar Select entire columns

Shift+spacebar Select entire rows

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TAXATION AND ACCOUNTING SOFTWARE ACCOUNTANTS(TASA)

Black & WhiteShows the active presentation in black and white. The appearance of the slide depends on the

option you select on the Black And White shortcut menu (click the right mouse button while in

black-and-white view to show this menu).Note The Black and White shortcut menu isn't available in high-contrast black-and-white view.

GuidesDisplays or hides the vertical and horizontal alignment guides on your slides. Use the guides to help

you position and align objects on your slides.

INSERT MENU

New Slide (Ctrl+M)Prompts you to click a slide layout, and then inserts a new slide after the active slide.

Duplicate SlideInserts a copy of the current slide after the current slide. Equivalent to pressing CTRL+SHIFT+D.

Slide NumberAdds the slide number to an individual slide. If you want to add the slide number to every slide, use

the Header and Footer command

Slides from FileInserts slide from another presentation into the current presentation.

Slides from OutlineCreates slides for all first-level headings in an imported outline and adds the body text as indentlevels. All text that is level 6 and below is treated as level 5 texts. The format for the title and text

comes from the slide master in the current presentation.

Movie & Sound

Movie from GalleryOpens the Clip Gallery, where you can insert a video in your slide to play during a slide show.

Movie from FileInserts a movie file in your slide so you can play the movie during a slide show.

Sound from GalleryOpens the Clip Gallery, where you can insert a sound in your slide to play during a slide show.

Sound from FileInserts a sound file in your slide so you can play the sound during a slide show.

Chart

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Creates a chart by inserting a Microsoft Graph object.

FORMAT MENU

Line SpacingSets the amount of space between selected lines of text.

Replace FontsReplaces an existing font in your presentation with another one.

Slide LayoutChanges the layout of the selected slide or reapplies the current master styles to the placeholders if

you've modified their attributes. This command does not affect objects and text outside the

placeholders.

Slide Color SchemeReapplies or modifies the existing color scheme or changes to a different color scheme.

BackgroundSets a background color, texture, pattern, or image.

Apply Design TemplateApplies one of the PowerPoint design templates to your presentation or uses one of your own

presentations as a template. Design templates contain color schemes, slide and title masters with

custom formatting, and fonts designed for a particular "look."

Colors and LinesOpens the Colors and Lines tab (Format AutoShape dialog box), where you can set the line and fill

colors and the style for the selected object or AutoShape.

TOOLS MENU

Meeting MinderOpens the Meeting Minder, where you can take meeting minutes and record action items during a

slide show. Action items appear on a new slide at the end of your slide show. You can post the

action items to Microsoft Outlook, or you can transfer the minutes and action items to a Word

document and then print that document.

OptionsModifies settings for Microsoft Office programs such as screen appearance, printing, editing,

spelling, and other options.

SLIDE SHOW

Slide

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Runs your slide show, beginning with the current slide if you're in slide view or the selected slide if

you're in slide sorter view.

Rehearse TimingRuns your slide show in rehearsal mode, in which you can set or change the timing of your

electronic slide show.

Record NarrationAdds voice narration to your slide show. A sound icon appears in the lower-right corner of each

slide that has narration. To record a narration, your computer needs a sound card and a

microphone.

Set Up ShowSets options for running your slide show, including the type of presentation you're making, which

slides to include, whether to include sound and animation effects, the annotation pen color, and how

you want to advance the slides.

Action ButtonInserts any action button where you click or drag in the active window, and then opens the ActionSettings dialog box, where you can assign an action to the button.

Action SettingsAssigns an action to the selected object or Action Button that runs when you point to or click the

object with the mouse.

Animation EffectsAdds or changes animation effects on the current slide. Animation effects include sounds, text and

object movements, and movies that occur during a slide show.

Animation PreviewRuns all the animation effects for the current slide in a slide-miniature window so you can see how

the animation will work during the slide show.

Slide TransitionAdds or changes the special effect that introduces a slide during a slide show. For example, you can

play a sound when the slide appears, or you can make the slide fade from black.

Hide SlideIf you are in slide sorter view, hides the selected slide. If you are in slide view, hides the current

slide so that it is not automatically displayed during an electronic slide show.

Custom ShowsCreates a custom show a presentation within a presentation. When you create a custom show,

you group slides in an existing presentation so that you can easily show that section of the

presentation to a particular audience and omit it for other audiences.

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SHORT CUT KEYS

Alt+Shift+Left Arrow Promote a paragraphAlt+Shift+Right Arrow Demote a paragraphAlt+Shift+Plus Sign Expand text below a headingAlt+Shift+Minus Sign Collapse text below a headingAlt+Shift+A Show all text or headingsCtrl+F5 Restore the active presentation windowCtrl+F6 Switch to the next presentation windowCtrl+Shift+F6 Switch to the previous presentation windowB Or Period Display a black screen, or return to the slide

Show from a black screen

W Or Comma Display a white screen, or return to the slideShow from a white screenE Erase on-screen annotationsS Stop or restart an automatic slide showH Go to next hidden slideO Use original timings while rehearsingT Set new timings while rehearsingCtrl+Break end of slide showCtrl+H Hide the pointer and button immediatelyAlt +F2 Carry out Save As commandAlt+F7 Find next misspelling (Automatic Spell

Checking enabled)Alt+F5 Restore the program window sizeCtrl+F12 Carry out Open command (File menu)F10 Activate the menu bar