frsad: challenges of modelling the aboutness
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FRSAD: Challenges of Modelling the Aboutness. Maja Žumer University of Ljubljana Slovenia (based on the work of the FRSAD WG). The FRBR family. FRBR: conceptual model of the biblographic universe Focus on Group 1(products of intellectual endeavour) FRAD: extension of FRBR - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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FRSAD: Challenges of Modelling the Aboutness
Maja ŽumerUniversity of Ljubljana
Slovenia
(based on the work of the FRSAD WG)
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The FRBR family
• FRBR: conceptual model of the biblographic universe– Focus on Group 1(products of
intellectual endeavour)
• FRAD: extension of FRBR – Focus on authority data (Group 2
and works)
• FRSAD: extension of FRBR– Focus on the subject relationship
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FRSAD WG established in 2005
• Marcia Lei Zeng, USA, Chair • Maja Žumer, Slovenia, Co-Chair• Athena Salaba, USA, Co-Chair, secretary • Leda Bultrini, Italy• Lois Mai Chan, USA• Gerhard Riesthuis, The Netherlands • Diane Vizine-Goetz, USA• Ekaterina Zaytseva, Russia• Jonathan Furner, USA• Edward O’Neill, USA
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Terms of Reference• to build a conceptual model of Group 3
entities within the FRBR framework as they relate to the aboutness of works,
• to provide a clearly defined, structured frame of reference for relating the data that are recorded in subject authority records to the needs of the users of those records, and
• to assist in an assessment of the potential for international sharing and use of subject authority data both within the library sector and beyond.
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Challenges of subject access
• Is it possible to objectively determine the topic(s) of each work?
• In what context will the users need a particular work in the future?
• Granularity of topics• Specificity of topics• How to represent the subject of a work?• How will the user formulate the query?• Different knowledge organisation systems
• Subject searching is difficult for users
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User tasks FRSAD:
Find
Identify
Select
Explore
FRBR :
Find
Identify
Select
Obtain
FRAD:
Find
Identify
Contextualize
Justify
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Products of intellectual or
artistic endeavours
An additional set of entities that serve as
the subjects of works
Agents related to Group 1
.
Extension of FRBR Figure 3.3 "Group 3 entities and 'subject' relationships"
Family added by FRAD
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FRBR Group 3 entities….This part of the model has been
criticized, because it does not include time and does not cover well activities and processes (e.g., Heaney, 1997; Delsey, T. 2005)
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Study and DiscussionsDifferent scenarios discussed: • Keep FRBR Group 3 entities and only
analyse attributes and relationships. • Add time to the FRBR list.• Take Ranganathan’s facets as the basis.• Take <indecs> as the basis. • Make a pragmatic list of entities. One
example is the one by Buizza and Guerrini
• Propose something new
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Two small tests:Four students and faculty members at
Kent State Library school classified existing subject terms used by the NSDL (National Science Digital Library) contributors. These include 3 thousand terms assigned based on a variety of subject vocabularies and free keywords.
Professor Lois Chan classified the subject headings from LCSH she included in her books.
They classified terms into six categories: ‘concrete stuff’, ‘abstract stuff’, ‘event’, ‘time’, ‘place’, and ‘other’
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Test Results
• Blurred distinction between concrete and abstract
• Confusion about proper names• Terms are put into ‘other’ category
• This categorisation is not generally applicable or useful
• There is no generally applicable categorisation
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Kent & Dublin meetings, 2006-12
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Thema is all the things that could be “subject of” work, including Group 1, Group 2, and Group 3 (=Other)
Group 2
Group1
Other
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FRSAD– generalisation of FRBR
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FRSAD
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Nomen: any alpha numeric, sound, visual etc. symbol or combination of symbols by which a thema is known, referred to or addressed as
Thema: anything that can be subject of a work
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Nomens 1-8
Nomen 9
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Types of thema
Depending on the implementation (domain and/or KOS), thema is categorised
• FRBR: object, concept, event, place, +…
• Class and instance• Medicine: medical condition,
symptom, treatment, substance…• …
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Nomen attributes (include but not
limited to) – Type of nomen (identifier, controlled name, …)*– Scheme (LCSH, DDC, UDC, ULAN, ISO 8601…) – Reference Source of nomen (Encyclopedia
Britannica…)– Representation of nomen (alphanumeric, sound,
visual,...)– Language of nomen (English, Japanese, Slovenian,…)– Script of nomen (Cyrillic, Thai, Chinese-simplified,…)– Script conversion (Pinyin, ISO 3601, Romanisation of
Japanese…)– Form of nomen (full name, abbreviation, formula…)– Time of validity of nomen (until xxxx, after xxxx,
from… to …)– Audience (English-speaking users, scientists, children
…)– Status of nomen (provisional, accepted, official,...) *note: examples of attribute values in parenthesis
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Types of nomen
• Identifier (persistent and unique within a domain)
• Controlled name (constructed in authority control/vocabulary maintenance process, which usually serves as access point) (note: called Controlled access point in FRAD)
• Implementation-specific types, e.g.:– Defined by originating system– Defined by language– ….
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Thema relationshipsGeneral relationships between themas (applicable to all types)
• Hierarchical– Partitive– Generic– Instance– Polyhierarchical
• Associative (=other)
Other thema-to-thema relationships are implementation-dependent
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Nomen relationships
• Partitive• Equivalence
Equivalence can be specified further, e.g.:
• Replaces/is replaced by• Has variant form/is variant form• Has derivation/is derived from
– Has acronym/is acronym– Has abbreviation/is abbreviation– Has transliterated form/is transliteration
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thema –thema relations
place as thema
place as thema
nomensnomens
thema types (place-specific)
nomen –nomen relations
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The importance of the THEMA-NOMEN model
• Separating what are usually called concepts (or topics, subjects, classes [of concepts]) from what they are known by, referred to, or addressed as
• A general abstract model, not limited to any particular domain or implementation
• Potential for interoperability within the library field and beyond
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Issues identified in the review1. Terminology2. Too abstract – difficult3. Is not taylored specifically to
the library community (LSCH?)
4. Complexity
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Issue 1: Choice of terms
“Latin is oldfashioned/confusing/pretentious”
• Different and overlapping meaning of ‘subject’, ‘topic’, ‘concept’
• Different views on granularity• ‘Name’ was understood as ‘proper name’
Therefore:• Terms from Latin that do not have to be
translated and are not loaded with other meanings
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Issue 2: Too abstract
“FRSAD is too general and abstract”
• Traditionally no explicit conceptual models
• Modelling is difficult• Detailed rules vs. an abstract model
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Issue 3: Not specific to libraries
“No direct relationship with the current cataloguing practice”– Original FRBR entities (+time?)– LCSH
• Interoperability beyond the library domain
• Application profiles should be developed
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Issue 4: Complexity is not modelled“The model should be developed to
explicitly cover simple and complex themas”
• What does ‘complexity’ refer to?• Usually nomen• There is no general ‘atomic level’ thema• Complexity, rules (e.g. precoordination)
depending on the KOS or language
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Current status
• Document submitted• Available on IFLANET (
http://www.ifla.org/en/node/1297)• Accepted for publication a few
days ago
Next step: • Harmonisation