frontal lobe and phineus gage
DESCRIPTION
Frontal Lobe and Phineus Gage. How did Gage’s accident affect him?. Phineas Gage Movie. Cerebral Cortex and Language. Aphasia: impairment of language, usually caused by damage to the left hemisphere to the brain either in Broca’s or Wernicke’s area: . - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Frontal Lobe and Phineus Gage
How did Gage’s accident affect him? Phineas Gage Movie
Cerebral Cortex and Language Aphasia: impairment of language, usually
caused by damage to the left hemisphere to the brain either in Broca’s or Wernicke’s area:
Broca’s Area: directs the muscle movements involved in speech Broca's Aphasia
Wernicke’s Area: involved in language comprehension Wernicke's Aphasia
Wernicke's Aphasia 2
Brain Reorganization
Plasticity: the brain’s capacity for modification as evident in brain reorganization following damage (especially in children) and in experiments on the effects of experience on brain development brain plasticity
The Divided Brain Corpus Callosum: large
bundle of neural fibers that allows the two sides of the brain to communicate. Carries messages between the two hemispheres.
Cutting it leads to split brains.
Specialization of the Cerebral Hemispheres
Left Hemisphere
Right Hemisphere
• Spontaneous speaking and writing
• Responses to complex commands• Word recognition
• Memory for words and numbers
• Sequences of movements
• Feelings of anxiety• Positive emotion
• Repetitive but not spontaneous speaking
• Responses to simple commands
• Facial recognition• Memory for shapes
and music• Spatial
interpretation• Emotional responsiveness
• Negative emotion
BACK
FRONT
RIGHT HEMISPHERE
LEFTHEMISPHER
Elinear (step by step) holistic (big
picture)sequential randomlogical intuitive
language non-verbalalgebra geometry
spatialfacial recognitionmusical
Left Brain? Right Brain? ONE BRAIN VERY WELL CONNECTED.
KEY NAMESUnit 2: Biological Bases of
Behavior
Discovered that a structure in the left frontal lobe controls language production.
This structure is now known as “Broca’s”
key name
Paul BROCA18
24-1
880
Discovered that a structure in the left temporal lobe controls language comprehension.
This structure is now known as “Wernicke’s”
key name
Carl WERNICKE18
48-1
905
1981 Nobel Prize Winner (medicine) for split-brain research
key name
Roger SPERRY19
13-1
994
Man With Two Brains
Split Brain Experiments
Quick experiment!You’ll need: 2 pens or pencils & a sheet of scratch paper
When a split brain patient is asked to point to a whole, normal picture of the face that was just seen in the left visual field, the patient will usually pick out the woman's picture by pointing with his/herHowever, if the patient is required to say
whether the picture was a man or a woman, the patient will SAY that the
picture was of a man. Therefore, depending on what the patient is
required to do, either the right or left hemisphere will dominate. In this case, when speech is not required, the right
hemisphere will dominate for recognition of faces.
Another type of experiment performed with split brain patients uses chimeric figures
left visual field sees the face of a
woman
information from the left visual
field is processed in the
right visual field sees the face of a man
information from the right visual field is processed in the
left hemisphere
right hemisphere
right hemisphere
left hemisphere
Can point at face of woman with __________ handleft
Can point at face of man with __________ handright
Can verbally describe the picture (Broca’s & Wernicke’s are in the left hem)
Brain PlasticityA hemispherectomy is a powerful
example of the brain’s ability to “rewire” itself
Memorize the Parts of the Brain