From World War I to World War IIFrom World War I to World War II

SOL: VUS.9b -12

U.S. involvement in World War I (VUS.9b)U.S. involvement in World War I (VUS.9b)

After the War After the War

Wilson wrote the Fourteen Points to eliminate causes of war, but France and Britain insisted on punishing Germany. The Treaty of Versailles resulted in the creation of new nations in Europe and also included a League of Nations, but the US Senate refused to approve it.

The 1920s (VUS.10a) = Changes led to Conflict The 1920s (VUS.10a) = Changes led to Conflict

Popular Culture (radio, jazz, movies, and magazines) reflected the prosperity of the 1920sConflict = traditional vs. modern values

Scopes Trial: Religion v. ScienceFlappers: traditional v. modern roles for womenRise of KKK: open immigration v. nativismProhibition: speakeasies v. respect for law

Great Depression (VUS.b,c)Great Depression (VUS.b,c)

Causes of DepressionOverspeculation in the stock marketUsing borrowed money to buy stockHawley Smoot Tariff and other high tariffsFailure of the Federal Reserve System

Impact of DepressionImpact of Depression

Unemployment (25%) and homelessness

bank closingsLabor unions became more violent Farm foreclosures and migration

New DealNew Deal

Made the government more active in economy

Roosevelt: “We have nothing to fear, but fear itself.”

Relief – help people directly (WPA).Recovery -- bring nation out of depression (AAA).Reform – fix unsound banking and investment practices (FDIC).Social Security Act offered safeguards for workers.

World War IIWorld War II

Allies (France, Great Britain & the Soviet Union) vs. Axis (Japan, Germany & Italy)

War in EuropeWar in Europe

Germany and the Soviet Union invaded Poland (1939); US was neutral

GermanyOver-ran France

Bombed Britain (“Battle of Britain”)Invaded Soviet Union (1941)

US Involvement US Involvement

US helped Britain byTrading bases for destroyers

Lend-Lease Act (“like a garden hose!”)

War in AsiaWar in Asia

Japan invaded Manchuria and China (1930s)US imposed an embargo on the sale of oil and steel to JapanJapan bombed Pearl Harbor (12/7/1941)

FDR said “a date which will live in infamy”

US declared war on Japan

Germany & Japan declared war on US

Strategy in EuropeStrategy in Europe

Allied Strategy = Defeat Hitler 1st

Axis Strategy = win quickly before US can enter warPrisoners of War treated according to Geneva Convention

Turning Point BattlesTurning Point Battles

El Alamein – blocked Axis from Middle East oil

Stalingrad – blocked Axis from Soviet oil

Normandy – began liberation of Western Europe

Strategy in Pacific Strategy in Pacific

Allied Strategy = island hopping; submarine warfare

Axis Strategy = invade Philippines & Indonesia, head for Australia & Hawaii; hoped US would accept dominancePrisoners of War treated badly (Bataan Death March)

Turning Point Battles:Turning Point Battles:

Midway – “Miracle”, destroyed Japanese navyIwo Jima & Okinawa – close to Japan, high casualties Hiroshima & Nagasaki – use of atomic bomb

Minority InvolvementMinority Involvement

War in EuropeTuskegee Airmen (African American)Nisei Regiments (Japanese Americans)Mexican American soldiers not segregated

War in AsiaNavajo Code-talkers

HolocaustHolocaust

Genocide: systematic and purposeful destruction of a racial, political, religious or cultural groupFinal Solution: Germany’s decision to exterminate all Jews; also affected Poles, Slavs, Gypsies, and undesirables

Resulted in Resulted in

Nuremberg Trials – held Nazi leaders individually responsible for actions committed during warIncreased demand for a Jewish homeland

World War II at HomeWorld War II at Home

Government and industry worked together; businesses changed to wartime productionRationing, war bonds, income taxes and Selective Service (Draft)

New RolesNew Roles

Women: served in non-combat roles in the military, worked in industry (Rosie the Riveter)

New Roles New Roles

African Americans: migrated to cities for jobs in war plants, Double-V Campaign

New RolesNew Roles

Japanese Americans: sent to internment camps because of prejudice and fear of spies; Supreme Court upheld the internments

Media and CommunicationsMedia and Communications

Government censored war reportingEntertainment Industry (movies and plays) supported the war effort