from talent to elite athlete - european-horizontal-jumps-and...
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From Talent to Elite athlete Falun, November 2017
Dr. Wolfgang Ritzdorf German Sport University Cologne
Dr. W. Ritzdorf Falun 2017
The official LTAD
Dr. W. Ritzdorf Falun 2017
Mission statement
• Early specialization inhibits long term athletic development
• We always assume that success in early ages is due to early specialization
Dr. W. Ritzdorf Falun 2017
• This is how it is – Empirical Study – The 2016 / 17 situation – German history
• This is what it needs – Coaching – Technique – Physical
Dr. W. Ritzdorf Falun 2017
This is how it is
Dr. W. Ritzdorf Falun 2017
This is how it is
Empirical Study
• Serious and conflictive discussion about implementation of World Youth Championships
• Gather empirical data as a base for further debate
Dr. W. Ritzdorf Falun 2017
Questions
• What's about further progression of performance of WYC finalists?
• Are there any regional differences? • Are there any event group specific differences?
Dr. W. Ritzdorf Falun 2017
Database
• 266 finalists of 1st WYC 1999
• Period of observation: 1999-2004
• Criteria of observation:
– Success in WC / OG
– Personal best
– Timeline
Dr. W. Ritzdorf Falun 2017
Ranking in the World Top List N = 266
58,3% 59,8%63,5% 63,9%
67,7%62,8%
88,7%
63,5%
0,0%
10,0%
20,0%
30,0%
40,0%
50,0%
60,0%
70,0%
80,0%
90,0%
100,0%
99 00 01 02 03 04 ab 00 MW (00bis 04)
Year
Dr. W. Ritzdorf Falun 2017
Number of Rankings in the Annual World Top List (from 2000 onward)
Dr. W. Ritzdorf Falun 2017
Years taken for first appearance in World Top List
1,6
2,5
2,9
3,5
0,0
0,5
1,0
1,5
2,0
2,5
3,0
3,5
4,0
Years till AWL Years till Top 100 Years till Top 50 Years till Top 10
Dr. W. Ritzdorf Falun 2017
Average Ranking in World Top List
264,2
217,3
167,8 157,9145,3
130,9
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
Dr. W. Ritzdorf Falun 2017
Improvement of PB as compared to 1999
2,3%
3,4%
4,5%
5,1%
5,9% 6,0%
0,0%
1,0%
2,0%
3,0%
4,0%
5,0%
6,0%
7,0%
00 vs 99 01 vs 99 02 vs 99 03 vs 99 04 vs 99 00 onwardvs 99
Dr. W. Ritzdorf Falun 2017
Average gap as compared to AWL categories
0,00%
2,00%
4,00%
6,00%
8,00%
10,00%
12,00%
1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
Gap to Place 100 in AWL Gap to Place 50 Gap to Place 10
Dr. W. Ritzdorf Falun 2017
International Championships
0,00%
10,00%
20,00%
30,00%
40,00%
50,00%
60,00%
WJC WC OG
Participation Final Medal
Dr. W. Ritzdorf Falun 2017
Further Results (Jumps)
• Significantly greater percentage in AWL • Best average ranking in AWL • Smallest gap to Top 10
• They started at a high level but performance increases were moderate
Reference Grund, M./Ritzdorf, W. (2006): From talent to elite athlete. In: NSA 21(2006)2, 43-56
Dr. W. Ritzdorf Falun 2017
Summary: Youth
• 90% showed further progression of performance
• 21 % participated in WC and/or OG
• 49% took part in WJC
Dr. W. Ritzdorf Falun 2017
Summary Junior
Similar study for participants of the World Junior Champs
• 64% showed further progression of performance
• 26 % made the final in WC and/or OG
• Personal best after 3-5 years
The 2016 situation
U18 U20 Senior 1 10 1 10 1 10
Boys
HJ 2,24 2,12 2,27 1,34 2,22 4,72 2,40 7,14 2,32 9,43 LJ 8,28 7,52 8,30 0,24 7,86 4,52 8,58 3,62 8,30 10,37 TJ 16,33 15,70 17,06 4,47 16,33 4,01 17,86 9,37 17,15 9,24 PV 5,55 5,10 5,70 2,70 5,40 5,88 6,03 8,65 5,75 12,75
Girls
HJ 1,92 1,81 1,97 2,60 1,86 2,76 2,01 4,69 1,96 8,29 LJ 6,50 6,22 6,53 0,46 6,41 3,05 7,31 12,46 6,88 10,61 TJ 14,08 12,91 14,08 0,00 13,40 3,80 15,17 7,74 14,51 12,39 PV 4,50 4,13 4,57 1,56 4,30 4,12 5,00 11,11 4,73 14,53
Dr. W. Ritzdorf Falun 2017
London 2017 Top 8
Dr. W. Ritzdorf Falun 2017
World Youth World Juniors HIGH Jump MEN 4 Women 3 6
Long Jump MEN 1 4 Women 2 4
Triple Jump MEN 2 4 Women 1 6
Pole Vault MEN 0 3 Women 3 4
Resume
• Based on empirical data there is no evidence that success in early ages will inhibit success in later years
Dr. W. Ritzdorf Falun 2017
• This is how it is – Empirical Study – The 2016 / 17 situation – German history
• This is what it needs – Coaching – Technique – Physical
Dr. W. Ritzdorf Falun 2017
German history
1990‘s • We stopped national champs for U15 and U17 in
individual events
Rationale – We lost too many of the young national champions
in senior age • Early specialization • Missing progression • Lack of motivation • (Overuse) Injuries
Dr. W. Ritzdorf Falun 2017
German history
Late 1990‘s • We re-introduced national champs for U18 in individual events Rationale
– As a consequence of missing national champs consequent and consistent training started too late
– Poor performances in U20 2014 – Re-introduction of U16 champs but it needs a “B-
standard° in a 2nd event from other event group
Dr. W. Ritzdorf Falun 2017
Dr. W. Ritzdorf Falun 2017
Scientific Study U16
• Both athletes and coaches appreciate the re-introduction of U16 championships – Higher Motivation – Team spirit – Financial support – Many athletes from small clubs
• There is no indication for early specialization • Besides performance and success “social interaction” is
a pre-dominant motive
Güllich 2016
Dr. W. Ritzdorf Falun 2017
• This is how it is – Empirical Study – The 2016 situation – German history
• This is what it needs – The early years – Physical – Technique – Coaching
Dr. W. Ritzdorf Falun 2017
Dr. W. Ritzdorf Falun 2017
The early years
Kid's athletics
• More than 20 years experience with "fun"-athletics in Germany
• Without any doubt kid’s athletics is an outstanding project with huge increase of attractiveness
• But: If it takes too long we are in danger to loose our talents
• Reason: Misunderstanding of the term "fun"
Dr. W. Ritzdorf Falun 2017
Statement 1: Fun
• "Fun" does not mean: – Missing performance – Lack of competitions – Lack of typical athletic events
"I don't want to run banana boxes all the time. I want to run real hurdles“ (12-year old girl)
Dr. W. Ritzdorf Falun 2017
Statement 2: Variety
• „Variety“ does not mean: – Missing goal-orientation
• We need – Target-orientation – Continuation – Variety
Dr. W. Ritzdorf Falun 2017
Statement 3: Variety
• "Variety" must not exclude those with a specific talent
• Success is regarded as a short-term effect
• Positive belief structure needs success in training and competition
Dr. W. Ritzdorf Falun 2017
Statement 4: Variety
• "Variety" does not mean that everything has the same meaning
• Speed and co-ordination should be dominant
– Neuronal patterns – Shirt time programs – Wide range of skills
Dr. W. Ritzdorf Falun 2017
Statement 5: Skill acquisition
• General qualities are more relevant than specific skills
– To take off from run-up – To rotate in the air – To throw straight – ........
Dr. W. Ritzdorf Falun 2017
Statement 6: Competition
• The postulation of a wide range of experience only makes sense in case we have an adequate competition system
– Combined events – Event group specific multi events
Dr. W. Ritzdorf Falun 2017
Competition system I: Combined events
Boys 100 m Long Jump Shot Put (4kg) High Jump 80m Hurdles Discus throw Pole vault Javelin throw (600) 1000 m
Girls 100 m hurdles High Jump Shot Put (3kg) 100 m Long Jump Javelin throw (500 g) 800 m
Dr. W. Ritzdorf Falun 2017
Problem
• Not all of them are combined event centered • Talents for event groups
• „Weak“ events
Dr. W. Ritzdorf Falun 2017
Competition system II: Event goup specific multi events
• Sprint/Jump: – 100m, 80 m Hurdles, LJ, HJ, JT
• Run – 100m, 80 m Hurdles, LJ, Ball throw 200g, 2000m
• Throw – 100m, 80 m Hurdles, LJ, SP, DT
Dr. W. Ritzdorf Falun 2017
• This is how it is – Empirical Study – The 2016 situation – German history
• This is what it needs – The early years – Physical – Technique – Coaching
Dr. W. Ritzdorf Falun 2017
Physical
The „skill window“ idea - BOYS
Dr. W. Ritzdorf Falun 2017
Physical
The „skill window“ idea - GIRLS
Dr. W. Ritzdorf Falun 2017
Physical capacities in the jumps
• #1 Reactive strength
• #2 Speed, coordination
• #3 Strength and power
Dr. W. Ritzdorf Falun 2017
Hierarchy in horizontal jumping drills
• Boundings uphill • Fast boundings • Rhythmical hop – step variations • Boundings for distance • Hops for distance
Dr. W. Ritzdorf Falun 2017
Hierarchy in vertical jumping drills
• Jumps onto something (box) • Vertical bounces • Double leg hurdles jumps • Hurdle jumps with take off leg landing • Hurdle jumps with lead leg landing • Depth jumps
Dr. W. Ritzdorf Falun 2017
Dr. W. Ritzdorf Falun 2017
Killing et al. 2008
Dr. W. Ritzdorf Falun 2017
Killing et al. 2008
Dr. W. Ritzdorf Falun 2017
Killing et al. 2008
Dr. W. Ritzdorf Falun 2017
Killing et al. 2008
Dr. W. Ritzdorf Falun 2017
Dr. W. Ritzdorf Falun 2017
Killing et al. 2008
Dr. W. Ritzdorf Falun 2017
Killing et al. 2008
Dr. W. Ritzdorf Falun 2017
Killing et al. 2008
Dr. W. Ritzdorf Falun 2017
Killing et al. 2008
Dr. W. Ritzdorf Falun 2017
Killing et al. 2008
• This is how it is – Empirical Study – The 2016 situation – German history
• This is what it needs – The early years – Physical – Technique – Coaching
Dr. W. Ritzdorf Falun 2017
Technique
• With respect to technique we are facing two problems
– No age related technical models • Which elements can be shown with respect
to age, strength and speed level etc. • Which kind of “reduced” technique is suitable
for further improvement
Dr. W. Ritzdorf Falun 2017
Technique
• With respect to technique we are facing two problems
– Change of coach every two years • If there is no consistent idea of the
movement in the club or institution it will start from zero every two years
• We must learn from other sports
Dr. W. Ritzdorf Falun 2017
• This is how it is – Empirical Study – The 2016 situation – German history
• This is what it needs – The early ages – Physical – Technique – Coaching
Dr. W. Ritzdorf Falun 2017
Coaching
• Whatever our ideas for training and competition are: it will end up with the coaches
• We need specialised coaches – Specific education and certification – Special publications – Special forums for information exchange
Dr. W. Ritzdorf Falun 2017
Coaches
• We need special reward systems for kids‘ coaches
– Public acknowledgement – Awards – Payment
Dr. W. Ritzdorf Falun 2017
• There is no clear evidence that early national/international championships lead to early specialization
• Kid’s training is more than just fun • There is a clear hierarchy in the biomotor abilities in the
jumps • All ends up of with the coaches: it needs much better
specialized coach education and reward systems
Dr. W. Ritzdorf Falun 2017
Take away messages