from hyogo framework action 2 to post-mdgs/sdgs€¦ · from hyogo framework action 2 to...

Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism

Kenichiro Tachi Senior Deputy Director, International Affairs Office,

Water and Disaster Management Bureau, Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism (MLIT)

Japan

From Hyogo Framework Action 2 to Post-MDGs/SDGs

The seventh GEOSS Asia-Pacific Symposium 27 May 2014, Tokyo, Japan

Post-2015 Development Framework 1. Post-2015 Millennium Development Goals

(Post-2015 MDGs) 2. Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 3. Post-2015 Framework for Disaster Risk

Reduction (HFA2) 1

2014 : A Critical year for Global “Water and Disaster Risk Reduction” Policy

HFA2 – Post 2015 Framework for DRR

Discussions at various fora

Summit for post 2015 Dev. Framework UN/GA Resolution

2015 (70th Session of GA)

Decision Making by UN Member States

Global Platform 2013 May 2013

Regional Platforms, etc. 2014

UN World Conference on Disaster Risk Reduction

Mar. 2015

HFA2 Endorsement by UN/GA Resolution

2015

Inter governmental Preparatory process

for WCDRR

2014

SIDS Conf. 2014

OECD Ministerial Council Meeting

May 2014

ECOSOC May 2014

High Level Panel Report May 2013

SG Report July 2013

Special Event for MDGs 68th Session of General Assembly

Sep. 25. 2013

SDGs Report Sep. 2014

Rio +20 (UN Conference on Sustainable Development)

Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) was proposed.

June 2012

SDGs Open Working Group

・Sole running inter-governmental working group ・SDGs is agreed to be integrated to post MDGs at RIO +20

Mar. 2013 - Aug. 2014

Post - 2015 Development Framework 2016 -

Inter Governmental Negotiation 69th Session of General Assembly

2014

Road to Post-2015 Development Framework

Post-2015 MDGs

2

SDGs HFA2

Outline

1. Proposal for post MDGs and SDGs

2. Proposal for HFA2

3. Conclusion

3

Millennium Development Goals: MDGs

What are MDGs? The MDGs are the international development goals that UN

Member States have agreed to try to achieve by the year 2015. The United Nations Millennium Declaration, signed in

September 2000, commits world leaders to combat poverty, hunger, disease, illiteracy, environmental degradation, and discrimination against women. The MDGs are derived from this Declaration. The MDGs aim to achieve the 8 development goals. Each MDG

has targets set for 2015 and concrete and measurable indicators to monitor progress from 1990 levels.

(MDGs : Millennium Development Goals)

4

Goal 1: Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger Goal 2: Achieve universal primary education Goal 3: Promote gender equality and empower women Goal 4: Reduce child mortality

Goal 5: Improve maternal health

Goal 6: Combat HIV/AIDS, malaria and other diseases Goal 7: Ensure environmental sustainability Goal 8: Develop a global partnership for development

Goals of present MDGs and Water Target

Target 7c; ”Halve, by 2015, the

proportion of people without sustainable access to safe drinking water and basic sanitation”

Source: Millennium Development Goals Indicators, The official United Nations site for the MDG Indicators <http://mdgs.un.org/unsd/mdg/Metadata.aspx>

Only one water target in MDGs

5

Goals of MDGs

No Target on Disaster Risk Reduction









Mar. 2015


2015


for WCDRR

2014

SIDS Conf. 2014


May 2014

ECOSOC May 2014


SG Report July 2013


Sep. 25. 2013




June 2012



Mar. 2013 - Aug. 2014



2014

Road to Post-2015 Development Framework

Road to Post-2015 MDGs

6

Goal 1:End poverty

Goal 2:Empower girls and women and achieve gender equality Goal 3:Provide quality education and lifelong learning Goal 4:Ensure healthy lives

Goal 5:Ensure food security and good nutrition Goal 6:Achieve universal access to water and sanitation Goal 7:Secure sustainable energy

Goal 8:Create jobs, sustainable livelihood, and equitable growth Goal 9:Manage natural resource assets sustainable

Proposed goals in the High-Level Panel Report (May 2013)

Target 1d ”Build resilience and reduce deaths from natural disasters by x%”

6a. Provide universal access to safe drinking water at home, and in schools, health centers, and refugee camps

6b. End open defecation and ensure universal access to sanitation at school and work, and increase access to sanitation at home by x%

6c. Bring freshwater withdrawals in line with supply and increase water efficiency in agriculture by x%, industry by y% and urban areas by z%

6d. Recycle or treat all municipal and industrial wastewater prior to discharge

Source: “The Report of the High-Level Panel of Eminent Persons on the Post-2015 Development Agenda” (May 2013) <http://www.un.org/sg/management/beyond2015.shtml>

Goal 10:Ensure good governance and effective institutions Goal 11:Ensure stable and peaceful societies Goal 12:Create a global enabling environment and catalyze long-term finance

Target on disaster risk reduction Independent water & sanitation goal Target on wastewater treatment

7

Post-2015 Target for Disaster Risk Reduction

Build resilience and reduce deaths from natural disasters by x% Proposed Target in the High-Level Panel Report (May 2013)

Indicator value depends on the magnitude or frequency of disasters occurring in the target period, and comparing numbers from different periods may provide misleading results.

It is not necessarily an appropriate indicator to measure the progress resulting from the efforts and measures implemented.

Need an appropriate indicator that can measure “progress”

Inclusion of a target on disaster risk reduction is a big step forward. But… Protecting assets and jobs/livelihoods by investing into disaster prevention

is inevitable for eradicating poverty. Target on disaster risk reduction should not only aim to reduce deaths but

also economic damages and losses.

Weakness of the proposed target

8

% reduction in death and economic damages - Indicate how much damage has been reduced by disaster management

measures

damage: deaths or economic damages/losses

Reduce deaths and economic damages from natural disasters by half

Recommendation by MLIT

Proposed Target on Disaster Risk Reduction

Proposed Indicator on Disaster Risk Reduction

Using actual figures of deaths/damages gives a sense of reality as compared to other MDGs indicators.

By indicating in % reduction rather than absolute value, it can represent the effectiveness of disaster prevention investment regardless of the magnitude of disasters the world will experience in the next 15 years.

Estimated damage with no measures in place can be calculated relatively easily using a model calibrated based on the actual disasters.

Advantages of the above indicator

9

Sustainable Development Goals: SDGs

Member States agreed that SDGs must: Build upon commitments already made in the economic, social and

environmental fields. Be coherent with and integrated into the United Nations development

agenda beyond 2015. Not divert focus or effort from the achievement of the Millennium

Development Goals. Be universally applicable to all countries. …etc

248. We resolve to establish an inclusive and transparent intergovernmental process on sustainable development goals that is open to all stakeholders, with a view to developing global sustainable development goals to be agreed by the General Assembly. … (“The Future We Want”, June 2012)

UN Member States agreed at Rio+20 (June 2012) to develop Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) as part of post-2015 framework.

Open Working Group on SDGs Mandated by the Rio+20 Outcome document to prepare a proposal on SDGs for consideration by the Assembly at its 68th session (Sept 2013 – Sept 2014).

What are SDGs? SDGs : Sustainable Development Goals

10

Road to SDGs









Mar. 2015


2015


for WCDRR

2014

SIDS Conf. 2014


May 2014

ECOSOC May 2014


SG Report July 2013


Sep. 25. 2013




June 2012



Mar. 2013 - Aug. 2014



2014

Road to SDGs

11

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1. Poverty eradication, building shared prosperity and promoting equality 2. Sustainable agriculture, food security and nutrition 3. Health and population dynamics 4. Education and life-long learning 5. Gender equality and women’s empowerment 6. Water and sanitation 7. Energy 8. Economic growth, employment and infrastructure 9. Industrialization and promoting equality among nations 10. Sustainable cities and human settlements 11. Sustainable Consumption and Production 12. Climate change 13. Conservation and sustainable use of marine resources, oceans and seas 14. Ecosystems and biodiversity 15. Means of implementation/Global partnership for sustainable

development 16. Peaceful and inclusive societies, rule of law and capable institutions

Focus areas in the Working Document for OWG (5-9 May)

5 out of 16 Focus areas include “water” or “disaster risk reduction” targets.

Outline



3. Conclusion

13

Hyogo Framework for Action: HFA

What is HFA? The HFA is a 10-year plan to make the world safer from natural hazards.

-It came out of the 2005 World Conference on Disaster Reduction held in Kobe, Japan. -It was endorsed by the UN General Assembly in the Resolution A/RES/60/195. The HFA is the first plan to explain, describe and detail the work that is required from

all different sectors and actors to reduce disaster losses by 2015. The HFA offers five areas of priorities for action, guiding principles and practical

means for achieving disaster resilience for vulnerable communities in the context of sustainable development.

HFA : Hyogo Framework for Action

National governments Regional organizations and institutions International organizations The ISDR system Others

Who is responsible for HFA?

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Ensure that disaster risk reduction is a national and a local priority with a strong institutional basis for implementation.

5 Priorities for Actions

HFA will be concluded in 2015. Post-2015 Framework for disaster risk reduction (HFA2) is under the process of consultation.

Current HFA is comprehensive, but some aspects should be further emphasized in the upcoming HFA2.

Make Disaster Risk Reduction a Priority

Identify, assess and monitor disaster risks and enhance early warning. Know the Risks and Take Action

Use knowledge, innovation and education to build a culture of safety and resilience at all levels

Build Understanding and Awareness

Reduce the underlying risk factors Reduce Risk

Strengthen disaster preparedness for effective response at all levels. Be Prepared and Ready to Act

Hyogo Framework for Action: HFA

4

3

2

5

1

15

In most developing countries, investment into infrastructure whose linkages with economic development are easily understood (i.e. transportation infrastructure, etc.) is prioritized over investment for disaster prevention. Some countries are hit by mega-disasters without adequate investment into

disaster prevention. These countries loose all the development gains and suffer difficulties getting their economy back on track.

Points to be emphasized in the HFA2

(1) More Investment for Disaster “Prevention”

0100,000200,000300,000400,000500,000600,000700,000800,000

01,000,0002,000,0003,000,0004,000,0005,000,0006,000,0007,000,0008,000,000

1962 1967 1972 1977 1982 1987 1992 1997 2002 2007 2012

GDP(nominal) (billion JPY)

Nat

iona

l Bud

get

for D

RM (

mill

ion

JPY)

National Budget for Recovery and Reconstruction (total)National Budget for Preparedness (total)GDP(nominal)

DRM Investment and GDP in Japan

Japan’s economic development was based on the continuous investment into preventive measures.

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The HFA has a strong focus on non-structural measures (e.g. policies, legislative/institutional framework, early warning, education). Non-structural measures such as early warning can save lives, but their

effectiveness in protecting assets and preventing economic losses is limited. Best mix of structural and non-structural measures is crucial for prevention of

economic impacts of disasters. HFA2 should deliver a stronger message that appropriate combination of

structural and nonstructural measures to be promoted in more strategic and deliberate manner.


(2) Best mix of structural & non-structural measures

Flood management measures are typically described as either structural or non-structural. …Structural and non-structural measures do not preclude each other, and most successful strategies will combine both types. 1)

Source; 1) The World Bank, GFDRR, Cities and Flooding A Guide to Integrated Urban Flood Risk Management for the 21st Century, 2012.2, p.32-33,

<http://www.gfdrr.org/gfdrr/sites/gfdrr.org/files/urbanfloods/pdf/Cities%20and%20Flooding%20Guidebook.pdf>

17

coastline inundation

East Sendai Expressway

No inundation

Investing into infrastructure in disaster-prone areas can increase vulnerability against disasters unless disaster risk is appropriately accounted for (schools or hospitals without earthquake protection, population growth in flood-prone areas, etc). HFA2 should stress the importance of addressing disaster risk reduction in all

development projects across all sectors.


(3) Addressing disaster risk reduction in all sectors

At the time of Great East Japan Earthquake and Tsunamis, the embankment structured expressway, “The East Sendai Expressway” acted as a secondary barrier or dike, and prevented tsunamis from penetrating further inland.

Inland side sea side

Expressway acted as a barrier against tsunamis

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Similar scale of damage may be repeated if infrastructure is only restored to its pre-disaster state. It may also lead to persistent poverty. In order to build a disaster resilient society, recovery and reconstruction from a

disaster should be planed in a way so that future damage from a disaster of similar magnitude will be at least smaller.

(4) Recovery and reconstruction for reducing future damages

In Japan, damaged infrastructures are recovered and reconstructed based on the idea of preventing recurrence of a similar disaster.

○ Levee construction, channel excavation and development of detention basins were carried out in Igarashi River and Kariyata River of Shinano River System after the flood of July 2004 in order to prevent damages from future flooding.

○ In July 2011, heavy rain with precipitation higher than that of 2004 by 40% was recorded, however damages were significantly reduced.

277.0 388.4

0.0

100.0

200.0

300.0

400.0

500.0

平成１６年７月洪水平成２３年７月洪水

150230

3426 0

40000

80000

120000

160000


14439

1062 0

4000

8000

12000

16000


2-day precipitation (Upstream of Teiseki-bashi) Damages to General Asset

（mm）（million yen） Damaged Buildings （number）

40% increase 98% reduction 93% reduction

2004.7 2011.7 2004.7 2011.7 2004.7 2011.7

277.0

388.4 150,230

3,426

14,439

1,062


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Obtaining accurate information and records of actual disaster damages helps understanding characteristics of disasters and developing appropriate recovery/reconstruction plans. Accumulating long-term disaster statistics data helps verifying progress of disaster

management measures and setting appropriate goals.

(5) Survey and recording of the damages after disasters Points to be emphasized in the HFA2

Query and view the survey data

Aggregate, organize, and screen the survey

data

National Government MLIT (National

Prefectures

Occurrence of water-related

disaster

General assets Public infrastructures Public Services

Municipalities Municipalities

Prefectures

Prefectures

Public Services Offices

Submit -Aggregate the survey data -Calculate the damage

-Compile and publish Flood Damage Statistics

-Upload the data to the DB server of Flood Damage Statistics

Develop the guideline of flood damage statistics survey

(coverage and procedure of the survey, survey format, fill-in

guideline, etc.) Submit within 45 days of disaster

occurrence

Access to Flood Damage Statistics DB National Government

(Regional Offices, etc.)

Submit Submit

Flood Damage Statistics Survey by MLIT

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Road to the HFA2









Mar. 2015


2015


for WCDRR

2014

SIDS Conf. 2014


May 2014

ECOSOC May 2014


SG Report July 2013


Sep. 25. 2013




June 2012



Mar. 2013 - Aug. 2014



2014

Road to the HFA2

21

Outline



3. Conclusion

22

Conclusion

MLIT’s Proposals for post MDGs and SDGs Targets on disaster risk reduction should be included. Target on disaster risk reduction should not only aim to reduce

deaths but also economic damages and losses. MLIT’s Proposals for HFA2 Points to be emphasized in the HFA2 are as follows １） More Investment for Disaster “Prevention”

２） Best mix of structural & non-structural measures ３） Addressing disaster risk reduction in all sectors ４） Recovery and reconstruction for reducing future damages ５） Survey and recording of the damages after disasters

To properly position “Water and Disaster Risk Reduction” in Post-2015 Development Framework, support from science and technology is indispensable!

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from hyogo framework action 2 to post-mdgs/sdgs€¦ · from hyogo framework action 2 to...

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