from decentralization to poverty reduction & mdgs

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From Decentralization To Poverty Reduction & MDGs

a few ideas for discussion

8th JPO Workshop – 23 to 27 January 2006Decentralized Governance and Development

Dakar, SenegalPresentation by Luigi N. Tessiore,

Decentralization & Local Governance Policy AdvisorWestern & Central African Sub-Regional Resource Facility UNDP

January 2006 JPO WorkshopDakar 2006

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The Paradigm of DecentralizationPoverty reduction

Local Development

Good Local Governance

Decentralization Reforms


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THE UNDP’S ONE GOAL

Poverty Alleviation=

Measurable indicators (MDGs)


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What is “good local governance”?a definition within the frame of a theory of the state

erformance

An institutional system for managing public affairs characterized by 3 dimensions

P • Fiscal effort (allocative and operational);• Delivery of economic & social services;• Protection of environment and NR;• Promotion of economic development;

articipationP• Organized and private citizen in public

sector decision-making• Mechanisms supplementing and

enhancing the functioning of the institutional democratic representation;

artnershipP • Between Local Authorities, CSOs and Private Sector;

• Provision & production of local collective goods & services;


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What is a “local government”?

olitical

A sub-national institutional system for managing local public affairs with 3 different capacities

P

• Fiscal effort (allocative and operational);• Identification of Local revenues,• Accountable use of local revenues,

dministrativeA

• Institutional democratic representation, • Participative Public decision-making,• Electoral, accountability mechanisms,• Local strategies and dialogue development

iscalF

• Planning public investments based on local priorities,

• Programming local development goals,• Provision & production of local collective

goods & services,• Administration of public resources.


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What are the duties of a “local government”?

Duties = Legal attributions = Resources made available

• Principles? = different according to the degree of autonomy awarded by the national legislation.• Practice? = different according to national legislations.• What works? = decentralize competencies, decisions and resources based on comparative advantage of each level (performance)


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Essential duties of “local government”

Social Services

Duties = Legal attributions = resources made availablePrinciples: SUBSIDIARITY & PROXIMITY

• Support, partnership with Private Sector,• NR protection, valorization,• Economic and social welfare,• Land management.

Infrastructures

• Primary Education, • Primary Health Care,• Potable water & Sanitation,

Administrative Services

• Public transport, road networks,• Water, sewage, other public utilities,• Etc.

Local Development

• Licenses, permits,• Civil registry,• Certificates, ID,


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LOCAL GOVERNANCE

When we have REAL Local Governance?

De-concentrationVERSUS

De-centralization

3 items


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Administrative De-concentrationCentral Government / MoLG

Regional Administration # 1

Sub-Regiona/Provincial

Administration

Municipal Administration

Regional Administration # n

Regional Administration # 2


Administration


Administration



commandaccountability

1

2

3

0 central


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De-centralizationCentral Government / MoLG

Regional Government # 1

Sub-Regional/Provincial Government

Municipality 2

Regional Government # nRegional Government # 2


Government


Government

Municipality n

Municipality 1 (Local Government)

accountability

Municipal Council

Representative body

Mayor + Board

Executive body

Public Administration

Technical Services

Horizontal accountability

Provincial Council

Representative body

Provincial Board

Executive body


Technical Services


Provincial Council

Representative body

Provincial Board

Executive body


Technical Services


COOPERATI ON

1

2

3

0 central


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Local Horizontal accountabilityci

tizen

s - c

onst

ituen

cies

Representative bodies

Executive bodies

Technical Services

Planning Capacity

Budgeting Capacity

I & S

ervi

ce D

eliv

ery

mandate

accountability


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LOCAL GOVERNANCE

Why we should support LG

in Post-Conflicts Recovery?

2 items


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Local Governance approach to post conflict recovery

oliticalP

evelopmentalD

• reconstruction of local polities as an integral part of the process of reconstructing the State.

• interdependence of the local and the central in the process of reconstructing states

• comparative advantages of local authorities in the post-conflict efforts towards social reintegration and economic recovery at the local level.

• Possibility to realize allocative and operational efficiency gains in the use of scarce public sector resources


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LOCAL GOVERNANCE

Most urgent areas of support(build local government capacity)

Pilot test – experimentation(before the reform)

3 items


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What areas of support to LG NOW?

1. Local Government financing

2. Local government planning and budgeting.

set up of a mechanism for fiscal transfer providing local authorities with a minimum of regular and locally programmable resources for both recovery and development spending

3. Local Government implementation.

simple, participatory procedure for strategic planning, investment programming and annual budgeting, will make meaningful the reintegration of population in the local economy

the resources available for local level infrastructure and services delivery should be channelled via LG in stead of continue to flow through national/sector channels and/or managed by central agencies (including specialized ones like the WB-supported Social Funds)


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The process of local planningSupra-local level

PREFECTUREDistrict/VillageRural Development

Community

Approval of PDCC

Project Selection

Participatory identification of ProjectSectorial technical visa

Project implementation

Follow-up & evaluation of PDC

Community grouping

Participatory identification of projects

PIL approval

Budget approval

Approval of supervisors

Technical mounting of projects

PDC

leve

lPI

L le

vel

BCA

leve

l

C

E

Budget preparationD

B Elaboration and submission of PDC

DataCollection on CRD

A Planning WorkshopParticipatory Diagonisis

Participatory Identification Problems, resources & projects

Proj

rct

leve

l

Management and maintenance of infrastructure

Specification convention agreements Definition of financial and material contribution

Comité de gestion


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Revenues cycle

Local Planning / priorization

Local Revenues identificati

on and classificati

on

Local Revenues

mobilization and

collection (taxation)

Local fiscal &

developmental

investment policies / sectoral policies

Development

effectiveness /

Pro - poor developme

nt

Budget execution

(local implement

ation)

Budget allocation to

reduce poverty & promote growth

Decentralization Reform support

Sercices & Infrastructures

Good Governance Support (transparency, accountability)

Procurement

Revenue Cycle


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LOCAL GOVERNANCE

STOP 1


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LOCAL GOVERNANCE

Reform’ concrete immediate challenges(build local government capacity for local development and poverty alleviation)

Key elements for the reform:proposed elements & issues

from Mr Weh-Dorliae book3 items


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Political LOCAL GOVERNANCE

• How many LG tiers?? County/District???• Segregation of powers @ every level (NOT only County Level)• Elected Legislative body• Elected Governor (chief executive)• What role for Traditional Chiefs (is integration possible?)• Keep Judiciary centralized (peace judge?? @ local level)• Separate County civil service from Central Civil service• Accountability in county government expenditures


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Administrative LOCAL GOVERNANCE

• Consolidate territorial administrative organization • How many LG tiers?? County/District???• Segregation of powers @ County Level• Separate County civil service


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Fiscal & Financial LOCAL GOVERNANCE

• Segregation of powers @ County Level• Autonomous County Budget • Revenues sharing (method & criteria for revenues transfer)• Allocate taxes to County Government (property, etc.)• Accountability in county government expenditures (method: particiatory planning and budgeting)


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LOCAL GOVERNANCE

STOP 2


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LOCAL GOVERNANCE

What we need for

“good local governance for development”

The specificity of local

3 items


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polit

ical

adm

inis

trat

ive

fisca

l


Local GovernmentsCapacity (internal & interactive)

individual

institutional

systemic

incentives and accountability from BELOW

(civil society & private sector)

incentives and accountability from ABOVE

(inter-governamental relations)

Other policies and legal reforms

(enabling civil society and private sector

development)


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Local Development

Poverty reduction

Non local resources, input and outputs

markets

Non local resources, income opportunities



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Are we going towards poverty alleviation?

Poverty reduction

Local Development



political

administrative

fiscal

Local GovernmentsCapacity (internal & interactive)

individual

institutional

systemic

incentives and accountability from

BELOW(civil society & private

sector)

incentives and accountability from

ABOVE(inter-governamental

relations)

Non local resources, input and outputs markets

Other policies and legal reforms(enabling civil society and private

sector development)

Non local resources, income opportunities

From decentralization to poverty alleviation

From Leonardo Romeo, October 2002


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LOCAL GOVERNANCE

STOP 3


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The Virtuous Circle of Local Development

LNT/99

LOCAL DEVELOPMENT

LOCAL POTENTIALITIES

PART

ICIP

ATIO

N VALORIZATION

SOCIAL DIALOGUE

LOCAL ACTORSSUBJ ECTS

LOCAL PARTICIPATORY PLANNING PROCEDURE

LOCAL GOVERNANCE INSTITUTION

RESOURCES TRANSFER SYSTEM


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Local Strategy

Planning Proposal

Investment Prioritization

Decisions

Participatory exercise

Informations collection and

elaboration

Qualitative informations

Quantitative informations

Participatory Planning Process

Local Social DialogueStrategic Planning Implementation &

management

Local Community

CSO

Local Institutions

LG

Resources Identification & Mobilization

LNT/2001

from decentralization to poverty reduction & mdgs

Documents

local level

local strategies

local priorities

local developmentlicenses

local public affairs

good local governance

real local governance

public utilities