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Friends of Dry Creek Trail Inc.

Management Plan

Dry Creek,

Grand Junction Road to Walkley’s Road, Valley View, South Australia.

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THE FRIENDS OF THE DRY CREEK TRAIL.

INTRODUCTION. THE GROUP. We are a community group that is interested in the Dry Creek water course and the system of Reserves running along it. We began in 2000. We work along Dry Creek between Grand Junction Road, Valley View, and Walkleys Road, Walkleys Heights. This section of Dry Creek is in the Council areas of:-

• The City of Salisbury,

• The City of Port Adelaide Enfield, These different controlling groups support us in many ways. They generously provide advice, tools and equipment, plants and other services so we can help improve our environment. OUR AIM. We see this section of Dry Creek as a ribbon of native vegetation that will be a corridor for native fauna, from Dry Creek Linear Park, Walkleys Heights, to Thomas Turner Reserve, Valley View. Our aim is to restore the bed of the Creek to a ribbon of aquatic plants interspersed with deep pools connected by rubble beds. The Creek banks to be planted with River Red Gums, Port Broughton Willow, shrubs and reeds. We want the remainder of the reserve to be planted with Mallee Box association, in numbers and positions that re-create a grassy woodland. The intention is to recreate the grassy woodland that was once found along drainage lines in this area. Where there is an opportunity, native grasses, reeds and sedges, and, herbaceous and woody perennial plants will be re-introduced. These plants will be grown from appropriately selected genetic stock. The trail will meander through the trees allowing walkers see and feel the experience of the Creek vegetation and compare it with the grassy woodland that the Creek runs through. THE FUTURE. Eventually, we envisage that the Group will expand into other areas along the Creek. A possible future direction would be upstream through to Montague Road, Modbury North. We meet on the 3rd Sunday of each month, starting at 9-30 am, where we will have a hands-on project ready. Anybody can join in and help us, for as long as one hour, or as long as it suits. Signs are put out to show where we are working. Committee meetings, usually at night, may be held earlier in the month to organise those projects. You are most welcome to come along. You will need to wear suitable clothing and footwear. You should bring something to drink, sun protection, hat and work gloves. Tools and plants will be supplied. For information about the Group, or to confirm project details closer to the date, then phone:-

• BRENTON ISTED President 8264 3580

• DAVE CURTISS Vice President 8264 0793

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Our Group. We are a community group, affiliated with Landcare and Catchment Care, who is interested in the environment we live in. We are not associated with any one controlling group as the Creek is under control of a number of different responsible organisations. We do look for advice and support from those and others, but mostly the Councils and the Adelaide and Mount Lofty Natural Resource Management Board.

Who helps us? This section of Dry Creek is controlled by these groups:-

• The City of Salisbury,

• The City of Port Adelaide Enfield.

• The Adelaide and Mount Lofty Ranges Natural Resource Management Board,

Our Aim. We want to rehabilitate our section of Dry Creek to what it was like before Europeans came to Australia. We know that it can never be exactly as it was. Our aim is to restore the bed of the Creek to a ribbon of aquatic plants interspersed with deep pools connected by rubble beds. The banks are planted with River Red Gums, Port Broughton Willow, shrubs and reeds. We want the remainder of the reserve to be planted with Mallee box association species, in numbers that recreate a grassy woodland. The idea is to recreate the grassy woodland that was once found along drainage lines in this area. Where there is an opportunity, native grasses, groundcovers and perennials will be introduced. The trail will meander through the trees allowing walkers see and feel the experience of the Creek vegetation and compare it with the grassy woodland that the Creek runs through.

Objectives of Group

We have a number of objectives that we think are important- Being determined in stopping further deterioration of the Water Course, Trail and Reserve System.

• To restore the Biodiversity of the Water Course and Reserve System to a sustainable level for future generations.

• Measured by monitoring rehabilitation sites.

• To encourage interest in the Water Course, Trail and Reserve System.

• Measured by the number of participants involved in the Groups activities.

• To educate the Community in the value of the Water Course, Trail and Reserve System.

• Measured by the number of speaking engagements delivered by Friends.

• To promote the Water Course, Trail and Reserve System as an area for the community’s enjoyment.

• Measured by the number of walkers passing by whilst Friends are participating in Group activities.

• To link with other like minded groups.

• Measured by the number of contacts between groups.

• To identify issues within the whole catchment.

• Measured by the number of contacts between the Friends and relevant authorities.

• To be a resource for the Community, Local Councils, and Government for valued, considered opinions relating to environmental matters.

• Measured by the number of contacts initiated by Councils and other relevant authorities.

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Our Outcomes To meet our objectives we strive to achieve these outcomes.

To restore the Water Course, Trail and Reserve System, Improve the habitat and therefore the biodiversity value by-

• Identify and protect areas of high conservation value,

• Identify and protect areas of high habitat value,

• Planting a broad range of endemic plants,

• Help control pest animals and plants,

• Find ways to improve water quality,

• To develop our understanding of management issues of the whole catchment.

• To advocate for the good management of the whole catchment,

• Understand the forces of nature that shapes the creek,

• Promote bank stabilisation,

• Find ways to control erosion, to a sustainable level for future generations.

To promote the Water Course, Trail and Reserve System, Through the involvement of the Community, Schools and the different levels of Government,

• By holding regular planting days and other activities,

• To link with other like-minded groups to share knowledge and skills,

• Encourage and support schools to use the creek as part of their education program,

• To promote the activities of the group with signs, leaflets and posters,

• To involve the local press where possible,

• To keep the Elected Members of the various levels of Government informed of the activities of the group,

• To keep the Elected Members of the various levels of Government informed of issues relating to the good management of the Catchment.

What is Dry Creek?

The Catchment. The Dry Creek system, begins in predominantly natural drainage lines and creeks found in the foothills above the Para Fault within the City of Salisbury and the City of Tea Tree Gully. From there, Dry Creek flows west across the Northern Adelaide Plains through a number of reserves found in the Tea Tree Gully, Salisbury and Port Adelaide Enfield Councils. Some of these reserves incorporate wetlands or stormwater flood mitigation schemes as part of the reserves design. The most notable wetland is the Greenfield Wetlands of the City of Salisbury. Some of the flow of Dry Creek runs into the Greenfield Wetlands. Once past, the creek enters the Dry Creek Drain and out into the Barker Inlet and Gulf St. Vincent.

‘Catchment Care’ Site

Physical Description From the “Dry Creek and Little Para Catchments Integrated Catchment Water Management Plan”. “This reach is degraded with active bed deepening and bank erosion which becomes progressively more severe in an upstream direction. A major source of sediment, numerous minor erosion heads are evidence bed deepening of one metre plus.” Some stabilisation work had been carried out about 15 years ago but had little impact. In the year 2000, a series of rock drop weirs, rock walls and creek bed edge protection has been constructed. It is too early to understand what effect this work will have. Though the stormwater rehabilitation works has brought much of the biodiversity back to the Creek as .

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Vegetation From the “Dry Creek and Little Para Catchments Integrated Catchment Water Management Plan”. “Dominated by introduced grasses and weeds. Scattered red gums of various ages. Some Acacias, some exotic trees.” Our understanding of the endemic vegetation of Dry Creek is based on the description found in the Bushland Condition Monitoring Manual, Southern Mount Lofty Ranges, produced by the Nature Conservation Society of South Australia, of a grassy woodland, and a riparian association. It is also supported by comparing the site with Dry Creek Linear Park in Walkley Heights, our reference site. Horticultural and Amenity plantings have been carried out giving a legacy of a range of non-endemic native trees and shrubs, and other exotics. Over the last three decades, Port Broughton Willows have suckered along the creek line, as well as up the slope to the reserve edge. Native Apricots are found, but they are in poor condition, and these may have been planted. Endemic grassland perennials and endemic grasses are found, but in very small, isolated groups. There is little endemic instream vegetation except for naturally occurring patches of Typha dominengis, Isolated Cyperus sp. and Juncus sp. can be found as well. Phragmites australis and Calystegia sepium is found on the edge and up the banks in some locations. A variety of exotic weeds are found all along the bank, including exotic annual and perennial grasses and broadleaf weeds, as well as woody weeds. Appendix 3 offers a list of the most common weeds, but there are many more not yet identified. The structure of the vegetation found in the reserve system, apart from the instream vegetation, is a closed woodland strip of woody trees and shrubs abutting patches of Phragmites australis and Calystegia sepium. The species are the same as found in the open grassy woodland on the upslopes. This strip is not wide, sometimes down to a metre or so. the upslopes of the reserves are an open grassy woodland made up of Eucalyptus porosa, Acacia paradoxa, Acacia pycnantha, and other grassland grasses, subshrubs and perennials.

Fauna The reach has not yet been surveyed, but there is some anecdotal evidence. Many bird species that are usually found in the area visit the site, but not in great numbers. The Eastern Banjo Frog, the Spotted Grass Frog and the Common Froglet have been recorded in the area. Yabbies are found but are small and few in number. The Waterwatch program is able to provide more information on the instream and riparian zone fauna/

The Trail The trail has been recently extended. The trail begins on Haddington St, at the boundary of the Salisbury and the Port Adelaide Enfield Councils. It follows the southern side of the creek, then joins onto the old path, on the south west side of the Pauls Drive bridge. It then continues on downstream through Walkleys Reserve. Other trails are found in the Greenfields and Barker Inlet Wetlands.

What are the issues? Dry Creek has been altered initially because of agricultural practices. These have led to:-

• Loss of the different levels of native vegetation,

• Altered flow direction of the watercourse,

• Altered bank levels,

• Eroding of stream bed and bank,

• Introduction of weeds and other exotic plants. Then through the urbanisation of the area. The watercourse has in effect become an open stormwater drain as stormwater runoff has been piped into the watercourse. The effect of this has also altered the watercourse through:-

• Further erosion and loss of native vegetation,

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• Altering how water enters the watercourse after each rainfall,

• Increased the amount of water entering the watercourse,

• Altered the volume and velocity of water along the watercourse,

• The lack of treatment of storm water entering the watercourse,

• The intervention of people effecting the creek, both passive and active recreation,

• The management philosophy of the different levels of government in their treatment of the creek.

Our strategy. We see our work going through three stages-

Stage Term

Stage 1 Creek Bed and Bank erosion control.

-revegetate, -weed management, -storm water best practice.

short to medium

Stage 2 Weed Control. -weed management, -re-structure vegetation.

short to medium

Stage 3 Habitat and Biodiversity improvement.

-re-structure vegetation, -modify habitat.

medium to long

What the group sees as issues. Issues Actions

1. Bank Stabilisation, Plant trees, reeds, groundcovers, shrubs and grasses that will bind the soil and prevent soil disturbance. When removing Weed Trees, ensure the stump is left to hold the soil. Use Phragmites, Juncus etc to slow and direct water flow along the creek bed to protect the banks. Encourage Councils to install Best Practice Storm Water Management Devices. Encourage Councils to implement Best Practice Storm Water Management Practices.

2. Creek Bed Erosion, Use Typha around stormwater outlets to bind the Creek Bed for protection from heavy outflows. Use Phragmites, Juncus etc to slow and direct water flow along the creek bed to protect the Creek Bed. Encourage Councils to install Best Practice Storm Water Management Devices. Encourage Councils to implement Best Practice Storm Water Management Practices.

3. Native Plant Revegetation, Encourage Councils to revegetate Dry Creek using endemic species appropriate to the site and catchment. Following the natural fire disturbance process observed elsewhere, using Acacia sp. and other fire pioneer plant species. Take up all opportunities to revegetate Dry Creek. Restrict ourselves to using plants that are propagated from endemic species found in Dry Creek.

4. Remnant Vegetation Management, Encourage the NRM Board to identify and record remnant vegetation along the length of the Creek.

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Protect the remnant vegetation through additional planting’s, staking, bunting off, or altering Council Management practices that may harm those plants.

5. Fauna Management, Survey to identify and record what fauna is there. Create a range of habitats in and along the creek through varying the types and density of plantings. Allow woody debris to remain in the creek. Build nesting boxes and place in older trees.

6. Pest Plant Management, Use appropriate weeding methods that protect:- � creek bank and bed, � desired vegetation, � native fauna.

Use minimal disturbance methods in a structured process based on current best practices. Encourage the community to help reduce the weed problem along the Creek.

7. Pest Animal Management, Encourage the community to help reduce the cat, dog, and feral birds and fish problems along the Creek. Encourage Councils to control pest animals along the Creek.

8. Trail Development, Encourage Councils to offer a range of recreational activities along the Creek. Help protect seats, playground equipment, fences etc, from damage.

9. Catchment Management. Involve ourselves in the management of the Catchment. Inform ourselves of the activities and decisions of Councils, NRM Board, Drainage Authority etc.

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MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES.

COMMUNITY EDUCATION. Pge. 9.

Signage.

Recognition of its value by Council, Natural Resource Management Board and others.

Delineation

PRIORITY SITES. Pge. 9.

MONITORING. Pge. 9.

WEED MANAGEMENT . Pge. 10.

Previous re-vegetation planting’s.

Prioritise weeds.

Prioritised sites.

Techniques to be used.

Herbicides.

PLANTING PROCESS Pge. 12.

RESTORATION OF PRE-EUROPEAN VEGETATION. Pge. 12.

Retaining the gains.

Seed collection/propagation.

Bushcare site.

Non site specific planting’s.

Retaining gains.

FRIENDS OF DRY CREEK TRAIL. Pge. 12.

Organisational Structure

Training,

Management,

Safety,

Group development.

APPENDICES

Action Plan Schedule. Pge. 14.

Plant list. Pge. 15.

Weed list. Pge. 16.

Weed Schedule. Pge. 17.

Map. Pge. 18.

Bibliography. Pge. 19.

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COMMUNITY EDUCATION. Signage. To ensure adequate signs along the Creek for

• Protection of the Creek,

• Community awareness of biodiversity,

• Education about the Plants / Birds / Aquatic Animals. Recognition of its value by Council, Natural Resource Management Board and others

• To encourage the Councils, Natural Resource Management Board, and others, to use the Creek as a place to show off the beauty and benefits of open space and biodiversity.

• To promote the Friends work through local papers, local shopping centre displays, public speaking etc.

• Create a pamphlet about the Friends, Dry Creek and the organisations involved. Delineation.

• To find a way to effectively identify the areas the Friends will maintain, and areas that the Council’s and others will maintain.

This can be done by either-

• Installing fences,

• Spraying a border line on the ground with a non-selective herbicide PRIORITY SITES Priority sites. To identify and prioritise areas along the Creek that can be managed by the Friends based around-

• Conservation value,

• Close to viewing by public to demonstrate biodiversity and revegetation,

• Safety of Friends, (As part of the Friends Safety Policy).

• In consultation and with approval of Councils, Natural Resource Management Board, etc, so as not to interfere with their work.

Bushcare site To be included as a priority site.

• To have a Management Plan written specifically for it.

• To be included in any Annual Works Schedule developed for the Friends. Refer Appendix 4 MAP. MONITORING. Use a work book that records important information like-

• Set up photopoints.

• Create a Herbarium.

• Germination, growth, flowering, and seeding of weeds,

• Growth patterns of endemic plants,

• Record of work done, including who worked and how long,

• Record of works needed to be done.

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WEED MANAGEMENT. Previous re-vegetation plantings.

• To identify, mark, and maintain previous revegetation planting’s, until it can be replaced with a more appropriate endemic plant grown from endemic plant material.

Prioritise weeds.

• To map weed infestation based on species, extent, and the risk of becoming a major weed problem.

• To prepare a weed control chart showing technique and when control should take place. The weed control chart will cover Prioritised sites as well as the remainder of the Project area.

• Kept in mind is the need to reduce fire fuel load from weed trash.

• A structured approach to weed control that first removes woody weeds, then highly invasive perennial weeds, followed by invasive annual weeds. Any bare ground that is left shall be planted in using desired endemic plants.

Prioritised sites.

• Emphasis will be placed on Prioritised Sites including Bushcare site.

• Weeds outside Prioritised Sites may be managed differently than within. Ensure the Friends are trained in the identification and control weeds. Techniques to be used. The book “Stop Bushland Weeds, A guide to successful weeding in South Australia’s bushland”, 2

nd Edition,

written by Meg Robertson, published by The Nature Conservation Society of South Australia Inc., shall be used to provide the principles, strategy and techniques to undertake weed control on the site. The fore mentioned book provides a “Look After The Bush” strategy, which the committee has amended slightly:-

� Primary Weeding. Begin weeding in the least weedy section, then wait and watch for weed or native seedlings to spread into the gap.

� Follow Up. Hand pull weed seedlings and any regrowth. � Planting with desired lower strata species. � Maintenance. Monitor weeded sections regularly, working towards keeping it weed free.

The book also provides a “Bushland Weeding Code”:-

1. Look before you weed, 2. Choose the most effective and selective weed control technique, 3. Adapt to the season and the weather conditions, 4. Minimise the amount of trampling that would occur when weeding, 5. Look for the smaller weeds under the larger weeds as you control the larger weeds, 6. Avoid damage to desire plants, 7. Disturb the soil as little as possible, 8. Remove any parts of the weed that will regrow or set seed, 9. Do follow up weeding before moving to a new section, 10. Sufficiently weed around desired plants to prevent them being shaded out, or out-competed, 11. Prevent weed seed, bulbs or runners being brought on to the site.

Techniques to be used are:-

� Hand-pull, o for seedlings and other small, soft plants without reproductive bulbs, o for small woody plants such as olive seedlings,

� avoid soil disturbance and manual handling injuries. � Hand-dig and grub,

o for soft leafy plants with tap roots, o for plants with a growing point just at or below the ground, o for plants with a swollen root system, o for small to medium woody shrubs which may reshoot or it is undesirable to use herbicide,

� avoid soil disturbance and manual handling injuries. � Slash or clip,

• Use of power tools such as a whipper snipper will only be used by a trained operator, � The operator shall use the Safe Operating Procedure provided by the relevant

Council. o for annual species prior to seed set,

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o for dense stands of perennial weeds prior to seed set, or prior to use of herbicide, o for perennial plants to remove dead or old growth prior to use of herbicide.

� Herbicide for “soft” plants,

• Only trained operators will apply the appropriate herbicide, � Training is available through Catchment Care, Friends of Parks, registered training

providers etc. o Careful spot spray for the identified weeds,

� Shield desired plants, o Wipe on using a sponge, wick, weeding tongs etc, for the identified weeds.

� “Woody” weeds that are either in a position of limited or restricted access, or over 3 metres high may only be removed with approval of the relevant Council.

� Herbicide for “woody” weeds,

• “Woody” weeds may only be removed with approval of the relevant Council.

• Only trained operators will apply herbicide, � The operator shall use the Safe Operating Procedure provided by the relevant

Council. � Training is available through Catchment Care, Friends of Parks, Trees For Life and

registered training providers etc. o Drill and Fill, o Frill and swab, o Cut and swab,

• Use of power tools such as a chainsaw for woody weeds may be warranted in limited situations. Only trained operators will use chainsaws,

� The operator shall use the Safe Operating Procedure provided by the relevant Council.

� Training is available through Catchment Care, Friends of Parks, Trees For Life and registered training providers etc.

Disposal of weeds, trash and other debris shall be removed from the site to prevent further weed invasion, fire vandalism, or soil disturbance. Large quantities may be taken away upon request to the relevant Council. However, if possible, the weeds, trash and other debris will be bagged for removal by the relevant Council. The bags will not be filled to more than 20 kilograms per bag to prevent manual handling issues for the relevant Council workers. A range of weed control handouts developed for the National Trust is also included at the end of this plan. These handouts illustrate the concepts that are further developed in the “Stop Bushland Weeds” book.

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PLANTING PROCESS

• Process. o The Committee will determine the locations of planting sites, usually in November, so to

allow adequate weed control and preparation prior to planting. � Action plans will be developed to identify issues, gain the relevant Council’s

approval, and to acquire needed resources. � Site selection will be based on the most current best practice.

• the site will endeavour to buffer and expand existing remnant sites, or

• the site will endeavour to buffer and expand revegetation sites � Site selection shall be made under advice and approval from the relevant Council

and the Catchment Care officers. � The site shall not conflict nor interfere with Council management activities.

• sites will usually occupy reserve that is not mown nor generally worked on by Council maintenance staff.

o A planting day leader will be assigned who will use the project day template to identify safety issues, resources, and other task for the day.

• Contact nearby residents. o Signs will be put up prior to the day. o Flyers will be letter boxed in the surrounding area. o Other avenues of notification will be used. For example, the local paper, or shopping centre

and community centre display boards.

• Only appropriate endemic plant species for the site and the catchment, grown from nearby remnant plants shall be used.

o Suitable nearby remnant plants are selected for their form and genetic vigour. RESTORATION OF PRE-EUROPEAN VEGETATION. Retaining the gains.

• determine the true endemic biodiversity associations of Dry Creek, includes vegetation, animals, birds and aquatic life,

• identify remnant endemic vegetation,

• create a broad range of habitats wherever possible through varied planting’s of trees, shrubs, groundcovers, grasses and aquatics.

ensure the Friends are trained in the identification of vegetation, animals, birds and aquatic life. Seed collection/propagation.

• seed and other genetic material for propagation is to be collected for future planting’s,

• material shall be collected from within the Dry Creek watershed from endemic plants. Bushcare site.

• used as a demonstration site,

• used as a seed bank

• used as training area for Friends and others with like objectives. Non site specific planting’s. (This means planting’s that are not endemic and not grown from genetic material obtained from Dry Creek.)

• shall be identified and marked,

• removed when a suitable replacement has been established. FRIENDS OF DRY CREEK TRAIL. Organisational Structure.

• the Friends shall have a committee to take responsibility for the proper management of the group.

• a set of objectives and measures shall be set by the committee and reviewed at least annually. Group Activities.

• All group activities shall be based on action plans prepared by the Group or for the Group by others. � these action plans will be used to describe projects the Group will undertake and be used to

gain approval from the relevant Council. � also these action plans will be used to gain the necessary funding and resources for the

Group and its projects. Training.

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• identify training to provide us with accurate and relevant training material,

• identify training to provide us with current best practice skills and techniques. Management.

• needs to be focussed on improving the environment and biodiversity,

• needs to be working on improving the quality of work done,

• needs to plan and find the resources needed to do the work,

• needs to ensure work carried out is appropriately planned, prepared and reviewed,

• to ensure this Management Plan is reviewed, and future issues and opportunities raised. Safety.

• safety policy shall be implemented and reviewed annually.

• safety issues from each project day shall be discussed at the next committee meeting,

• risks to the group must be identified and dealt with. Group development.

• to encourage cooperation and enthusiasm within the group,

• to promote the group to attract new Friends,

• to encourage enthusiasm in improving the environment and biodiversity.

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Appendix 1 ACTION PLAN SCHEDULE. Refer to yearly ‘Fridge Calendar’ and or current relevant Action Plan.

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Appendix 2 PLANT LIST. Botanic name Common name

Acacia paradoxa Kangaroo thorn.

Acacia pycnantha Golden wattle.

Acacia salicina Port Broughton willow.

Aristida behriana Brush wire-grass.

Arthropodium strictum Common vanilla lily.

Austrodanthonia sp. Wallaby grass.

Austostipa scabra ssp. falcata Slender spear-grass.

Austrostipa sp. Spear-grass.

Boerhavia dominii Tar-vine.

Calystegia sepium

Chloris truncata Windmill grass.

Convolvulus remotus Grassy bindweed.

Cyperus sp.

Eucalyptus camaldulensis var. camaldulensis River red gum.

Eucalyptus leucoxylon var. leucoxylon S.A. Blue gum.

Eucalyptus porosa Mallee Box

Juncus sp.

Lomandra densiflora Soft tussock mat-rush.

Pimelea macrantha. Riceflower.

Pittosporum phylliraeoides var. microcarpa Native apricot.

Typha dominengis Bulrush

Vittadinia blackii Narrow-leaf New Holland daisy.

Other species lists are available through the South Australian Government Department of Environment and Heritage, including, Biological Survey of the Southern Mount Lofty Ranges, South Australia, 2003, Department of Environment and Heritage. Draft Biodiversity Strategy for the Adelaide & Mount Lofty Ranges 2007 Department of Environment and Heritage. Eucalyptus porosa (Mallee Box) woodland native vegetation list, Urban Biodiversity Unit, Department of Environment and Heritage.

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Appendix 3 WEED LIST. Other weeds are present, but this list covers the main species.

Botanic name Common name Asphodelus fistulosus Onion weed. Conzya albida Tall fleabane. Cruciferae sp. Wild turnip family / mustards. Foeniculum vulgare Fennel. Lycium ferocissimum African boxthorn. Oxalis pes-caprae Sour sob. Plantago sp. Plantain. Ricinus communis Castor oil plant. Scabiosa atropurpurea Scabious. Tropaeolum majus Nasturtium

Grasses Avena barbarta Wild oats Bromus sp. Brome grass Critesion sp. Barley grass Cynodon dactylon Couch. Ehrharta sp. Veldt grass Lolium sp. Rye grass. Pennisetum clandestinum Kikuyu. Phalaris aquatica Phalaris. Piptatherum miliaceum Rice millet Vulpia sp. Silver grass

Tree Weeds Acacia saligna Sydney Golden Wattle. Fraxinus desertifolia Desert ash. Olea europaea Olive

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Appendix 4 MAP.

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Appendix 5 BIBLIOGRAPHY. Native Vegetation Management Strategy : Draft Report, 2001, Northern Adelaide and Barossa Catchment Water Management Board, Salisbury, S. Aust., July 2001. Restoring Riparian Vegetation Action Plan for Dry Creek Linear Park (Walkley Heights), 2000, Seaman, Russell, Caves, Stewart and Taylor, Ron. Northern Adelaide and Barossa Catchment Water Management Board, Salisbury, S. Aust.