Friends for LifeJoyce Brothers

Unit 5

Overview• Warming-up

• New words and expression

• About the author

• A global picture

A Survey

• Do you like making friends with others?

A. Yes. B. No.

• How many friends do you have?

A. 5 ≤ B. 5 ~ 10

C. 10 ~ 20 D. ≥ 20

A Survey

• Which of the following best describe your friends?A. They are mostly males.B. They are mostly females.C. They are mostly introvert.D. They are mostly extrovert.E. They are of various sex and ages.F. They are mostly optimists.G. They are mostly pessimists.H. They are of various origin and background

A Survey

• Which of the following do you look for in a friend?

A. Intelligence B. Diligence E. Honesty

C. Perseverance D. Enthusiasm F. Courtesy

G. Maturity H. Humor I. Confidence

J. Sincerity K. Tolerance L. Patience

M. Responsibility N. Loyalty O. Bravery

P. Thoughtfulness Q. Generosity R. Sympathy

A Survey

• Which of the following do you think are important for your friend?

A. Rich knowledge or experience

B. Wide interest or hobbies

C. Similar origin or background with you

D. Similar or good level of education

E. Good economic condition

F. Decent job or social status

A Survey

• Which of the following do you think are important for your friend?

G. Common interests with you

H. Expert or talented in a certain field

I. Proper behavior or good manner in life

J. Pleasant or lively personality

K. Complementary in certain aspect with you

L. Others

A Survey

• What in your opinion is an ideal friend or friendship?

• If you are to give a one-sentence definition for either "friend" or "friendship”, what will that be? (You may use a simile or metaphor)

Albert Camus (French writer)Don’t walk in front of me

I may not follow

Don’t walk behind me

I may not lead

Walk beside me

And jus be my friend.

Quotes

English proverbMake new friends and keep the ol

d;

one is silver and the other gold.

Everyone’s friend is no one’s friend.

Quotes

Italian proverb

Word Study

• Reading aloud (page 62)

• Meaning and use

• Synonyms & antonyms

• Word derivation

• Word differentiation

Meaning and Use

• endear: • endear sb to sb: to cause to be loved/liked

– His habit of playing loud music at night didn't ~ him to the neighbours.

– He was whispering endearments to her.

• Term:– The ~ “acid rain” was coined in the 19th cent

ury.

Meaning and Use

• transient: – The city has a large ~ population. – Her feeling of depression was ~.– A glass of whisky has only a ~ warming effect

.• Cf: transitory: stress the characteristic; one-tim

e-use 短暂的；昙花一现的• Cf: transitive: 及物的；过渡的

Meaning and Use

• kinship:– The ~ system in that tribe is very

complicated. (=family relationship)– I feel a certain ~ with him. (=likeness in

character, understanding)– His next of kin were told of his death. (=a

person's closest relative)– Many elderly people have no kin to turn to for

assistance.

Meaning and Use

• affirm:– The suspect ~ed (that) he had been at home

all evening.– The government has ~ed its commitment to e

qual rights.

• Cf: assert: oftn based on one's subjective feeling or judgment– He ~ed that it could be done in an hour.

Meaning and Use

• vow:– All the men took/made a ~ of loyalty to their

leader.– He ~ed to look after his mother when his

father died.– We ~ed to God that we will never part.– The members of this religious community are

under a ~ of silence. (=have promised to God they won't speak)

Meaning and Use

• rank:– Students ~ed the samples in order of preference.– She is ~ed number four in the world.

• vigilance:– Thanks to their constant ~, a crisis was averted.– The police said the public should remain vigilant.– His security duties demand long hours of ~.

Meaning and Use

• inclination: a special liking for sth

– I have no ~ to be a doctor.

– I shall indulge the ~ so natural in old men, to be talking of themselves.

• Cf: be inclined to: have a tendency to do…

– I’m ~d to agree with you.

– She’s ~d to gossip with complete strangers.

Meaning and Use

• Disclosure – Any public ~ of this information would be very d

amaging to the company.– The newspaper made damaging ~ of managem

ent incompetence.• Cf: they disclosed her name to the press.• Cf: Do you promise not to reveal my secret?

– The curtain opened, to reveal a darkened stage.

Meaning and Use

• Sibling: <fml.> a brother or sister

– The younger children were badly treated by older ~s.

– Tom had fallen out with ~s over an inheritance.

• Rivalry: <+ with/between> competition; (a case of) being rivals– There was fierce/intense rivalry between the t

wo companies to get the contract.

Matching: Synonyms

• endearment• neglect• vigilance• vow • disclosure• mingle• intimacy• straighten out

• revelation• oath• closeness• sweet nothings• put right• mix• disregard• watchfulness

Matching: Antonyms

• transient• desperate• neglect• affirm• blossom• disclosure• intimacy• worthwhile

• cherish• concealment• permanent• worthless• estrangement• fade• composed• deny

Word Derivation

N. vigilance intimacy

A. transient

N.

A. desperate familial instinctual

N. intensity

A. financial

vigilant intimate

transience

desperation family instinct

finance

intense

Word Derivation

N. endearment complaint rank

V.

A.

N. inclination

V. affirm neglect

A.

endear

endearing

incline

inclined

complain

complaining

rank

ranking

neglect

neglectful

affirmation

affirmative

Word Derivation

N. term disclosure rivalry

V. shrug

N. vow assembly

V. patronize

N.

V. reveal blossom heal

term

vow

disclose rival

assemble

patron

revelation blossom heal

shrug

Word Differentiation

• Bloom vs. Blossom

• His poetic genius was in full _______ when he was in his early twenties.

• The peach tree has an excellent ________ this year.

• Since their first meeting, their friendship has ______________.

bloom

blossom

blossomed

Word Differentiation

• Worth; worthy; worthwhile• I think this matter is ________ our attention.• If you are a young, inexperienced driver, it is

________ having comprehensive insurance.• Two points in this report are especially

__________ of notice.• Every year she makes a large donation to a

____________ cause.• She considers teaching a _________ career.

worth

worth

worthy

worthyworthwhile

Word Differentiation

• Financial vs. Commercial

• The ___________ committee controls the school’s budget.

• The local authority has refused to _______ the scheme.

• The marketplace was where _________ was traditionally carried on.

• His new record is much too ___________.

finance

finance

commerce

commercial

Word Differentiation

• Gender vs. Sex• I think both _________ are capable of looking

after children.• The government is working on tackling

________ inequalities in employment.• There is a lot of ______ and violence in this film.• She accused her employer of ______

discrimination.

genders

gender

sexsex

Word Differentiation

• Intimacy vs. Privacy• It was obvious from their witty _________ that

they had been good friends for many years.• His claims to (an) _________ with/to be on

terms of ________ with the President are somewhat exaggerated.

• There’s not much ________ in these flats because of the large windows and thin walls.

intimacies

intimacyintimacy

privacy

Word Differentiation

• Desperate vs. Despair• This man is _________ and should not be

approached as he may have a gun.• He was __________ to tell someone his good

news.• They’re in (the depths of) ________ over/about

the money they’ve lost.• Their fourth year without rain drove many

farmers to_________.

desperate

desperate

despair

despair

Word Differentiation

• Instinctual vs. Intuitive• Her ___________ reaction at the sight of the

spider was to scream loudly.• Most people have an __________ sense of right

and wrong.• Some animals have an __________ prescience

of earthquakes.• It came upon him in a flash of __________.

instinctual

intuitive

instinctive

intuition

Word Differentiation

• Neglect vs. Ignore• The animals were thin and ill because the farmer

had __________ them. • She has ___________ her studies. • You can't ________ the fact that we are still a

poor country.• Safety regulations are being _________ by

company managers in the drive to increase profits.

neglected

neglected

ignore

ignored

About the Author• Joyce Brothers

(1927-) an American

psychologist and advice

columnist, publishing a

daily syndicated newspaper column since 1960.

• She is professionally known as Dr. Joyce Brothers.

publish simultaneously in a number of newspapers

Joyce Brothers• Brothers is a prolific writer. • She had a monthly column

in Good Housekeeping

magazine for almost four

decades, and a syndicated newspaper column that she began writing in the 1970s, and which at its height was printed in more than 300 newspapers.

Joyce Brothers

• Her best-selling books:

• What Every Woman Should Know About Men (1982)

• Widowed (1992) (inspired by the loss of her husband, the book offered practical advice for widows and widowers, helping them to cope with their grief and create a new life for themselves)

Joyce Brothers

• As a psychologist, Joyce

Brothers has been licensed

in New York since 1958. • Today, Brothers continues to do guest

appearances on television and radio talk shows for her expertise in psychology.

• She has also done comedic cameo appearances on some TV and game shows.

a small character part in a play or film, played by a distinguished person

Dr. Joyce Brothers is still active.• In June, 2010, Joyce Brothers was

still appearing on

television; currently in

commercials endorsing a

home alert monitor

A Global Picture

• What type of writing is this text?• What is the text mainly about?• How is the word “friend” defined?• How many types of friendship have been

discussed in the text?• How many parts does the text fall into?• Do you find any topic sentence contributing to

the main idea of each part?

Exposition

Purpose of Writing

• To give her insights into friendship and give suggestions on making friends.

Structure of the Text

• Part 1 (para.1-2): a psychological as well as personal understanding of friendship

• Part 2 (para.3-4): friendship within familial ties

• Part 3 (para.5-8): significance of friendship outside kinship ties and suggestions on friend-making

Structure of the Text

• Part 4 (para.9-11): friendship between opposite sexes

• Part 5 (para.12-13): how to fix a broken friendship

• Part 6 (para.14-15): the author’s friendship with her grandchildren

Thank you!

To be continued.

Lesson 2: Overview• Word review

• Text analysis– Comprehension– Language points– Sentences

Word Review

• We stayed at the inn as t_________ guests.• She made a v_____ never to lend money to

anyone again.• He was whispering e______________ to his girl

friend.• Anxiety has some k_________ with eagerness.• Thanks to the v_________ of a neighbor that the

fire was discovered before it could be spread.

transient

vow

endearments

kinshipvigilance

Word Review

• Any public d__________ of this information would be very damaging to the company.

• From my own experience, I confidently a_______ what he said is true.

• All the orchards b________ in spring.• I am i_________ to her for her help in indexing my

book.• Fanny showed little i____________ to talk about

anything serious.

disclosure

affirmed

blossomindebted

inclination

Word Derivation

• He is being ___________ (neglect) of his guests.

• The family is usually a source of encouragement from which ___________ (affirm) influence come.

• The burglar was spotted by _____________ (vigilance) neighbours.

• They __________ (complaint) at being excluded from the meeting.

neglectful

affirmative

vigilant

complained

Word Derivation

• Flora’s spirit and character __________ (endearment) her to everyone who met her.

• He has a poor ___________ (rank) in his class.• The information is confidential and must not be

___________ (disclosure) to anyone.• I’m rather __________ (inclination) to wait a few

days before deciding.• The stores __________ (rivalry) each other in

beautiful window displays.

endeared

ranking

disclosed

inclined

rival

Detailed Study

• Comprehension

• Language points

• Sentence highlights

Language Points

• for life (title)

– There’s no such thing as a job for life.– She thought marriage should be for life.– He was running for dear life toward town.

他逃命似地向城里飞跑。– She can’t for the life of her remember where she

left her bag.

她怎么也想不起来把手提包丢在哪儿了。

Comprehension (Part I)• What is the definition of “friend” by

psychologists?

• How does the author understand “friends”?

Language Points

• have a hard time (para.1): feel uncomfortable or difficult– Did you have a hard time distinguishing the

Russian words from the English ones?– She had a hard time of it with the birth of her

second baby.– I heard they gave him a pretty hard time at the

interview.

Language Points

• identify … as (para.1): consider … to be connected with– In many cases, the clothes people wear ~ the

m as belonging to a particular social class.– The gunman in Wednesday’s attack has been

~ied as Lee Giggs, an unemployed truck driver.

• Cf: Identify … with– She ~ied strongly with the main character in the play.

Language Points

• confide in (para.1): to talk freely to sb about personal matters, and be confident that one’s secret will be kept– Alan felt he could ~ in his roommate.– He ~ed his fears to his mother.

• confidant 知己（男）– He was her ~ and business adviser.

• confidante 知己（女）；红颜知己– His wife is his friend and ~.

Language Points

• Single (para.2): <v.>– I want to ~ all the way into my years of sanity.– One newspaper was ~d out for criticism. (=ch

oose from a group for special treatment)– There was a ~ person on the beach. <adj.>

• singleton （英国口语）单身汉（单身女子） 独生子女

Language Points

• transient (para.2): fast changing

– His many love affairs had only brought him ~ pleasures.

– Only historians fully understand the ~ nature of civilization.

• companionship (para.2): friendly company

– He missed the ~ he’d enjoyed in the navy.– I lived on my own for a while but I missed the ~

of (=enjoyment of being with) others.

Sentence Highlight

• Even though “friend” is a term of

a word

endearment used to describe many people

showing sign of love

in our lives, we often have a hard time

have difficulty

knowing what the term means. (para.1)

Comprehension (Part II)

• How does the author prove that “friendship can occur any place”?

• She proves this statement with her personal experiences.– With her husband– With her sister– With her daughter

Language Points

• Occur (para.3): <vi.>– The accident ~red at about 3:30 p.m.– Does it ~ to you that he might be hungry?– It never ~red to me that you meant that.

• Occurrence: seen as a concept, process, or action,

• Occurrence(s): things that happen/occur

Language Points

• the case (para.3): the true situation– If that is the case, we need more staff.– It is simply not the case that English could be

learned in two months.

• … when we were younger (para.4)

believe that one is still young NOW

• Cf: … when we were young.

realize or acknowledge one’s being old

Comprehension (Part III)• How would you interpret the sentence “…

with a friend we can be the person we want to be” (para.5)?

• Friends give us support, which proves the worth of what we are doing.

Comprehension (Part III)• Why does the author suggest that making

friends is something more than instinctual behavior?

• Because making friends involves a process of sharing that needs more attention. It also calls for skill to balance between being open and protective of each other’s feelings.

Language Points

• rank as (para.5): regard as having a certain relative position– Yao Ming ranks among the world’s best bask

etballers.– This result ranks as one of their most succes

sful election performances of the last ten years.

Word Expansion

• Rank: <adj.>– rank grass 丛生的杂草– rank soil 过于肥沃的土壤– rank language 下流话– rank fraud 大骗局– rank injustice 极端的不公正– Ranking: standing 排行榜

Language Points

• Kinship (para.5)– All our kin came to the family reunion.– People here were kin to poverty. 这里的人过去很穷 – All her property goes to her next of kin. 最近的亲属 – She is near of kin to me. 她是我的近亲。

• count kin with 和 ... 论亲戚关系 ; 和 ... 是近亲 [ 苏 ] 和 ...比血统 [ 门第 ]

• kissing cousin 相见时可以接吻致意的远亲 ; 可以配成对的东西 ; 可以和谐相处的人

• more kin than kind 亲戚不亲

Language Points

• Akin: <adj.> of similar character; related by blood

Be akin to …

The cat is ~ to the tiger.

He felt something ~ to pity.

Training pet animals is somewhat ~ to training children.

Genius and madness are ~.

Your cousins are closely ~ to you. 与你是近亲

Language Points

• self (para.5): the type of person somebody is, esp the way he usually behaves or looks– He’s not his usual happy ~ this morning.– Only with a few people could she be her real

~.– You’ll soon be feeling your old/former ~ again.

– They promised to keep the secret to their thre

e selves.

她才表现出自己真实的一面

很快你就会感觉和原来没什么两模了

保守秘密于他们三者之间

Language Points

• Tend to (para.7)– Written language ~s to be formal.– Students, with the exception of those really

energetic, ~ to feel uncontrollably sleepy on warm spring afternoons.

• Involve (para.8): have… as a necessary part– My job ~s a lot of traveling.– Her husband had been very ~d in his work.– This problem is closely ~d with the

management of the company.和公司的管理密切相关

Language Points

• Out of balance (para.8)– The canoe got out of/off ~ and turned over.– The question was so unexpected that I was off ~ for a

moment. – Economic stability can only be reached if demand and

supply are in approximate ~.

• one-sided (para.8): involving one person more than another; not balanced– The football match was rather ~.– The press were accused of presenting a very one-

sided picture of the issue.

这个问题提得那么突然，我一时答不上来。

Language Points

• A best-friendship (para.8)• “Friendship” is a general concept, whereas “a fri

endship” means something more concrete or personal. 一段 / 一种友谊

• Intimacy (para.8)• Intimate: euphemism （委婉语） for bodily conta

ct in some cases• Intimacy: closeness

Euphemism for sex (sometimes illegitimate)

Sentence Highlight• Their acceptance affirms that self and lets

us develop as individuals. (para.5)

• Being accepted by our friends makes us feel that we are expected as we are and encourages us to develop in the way we want to.

Sentence Highlight• … “the only way to have a friend is to be

one.” (para.7)

• Making yourself a friend to others is the only way to win their friendship.

Sentence Highlight• A best-friendship gets out of balance

when the intensity becomes too one-sided. (para.8)

• A best-friendship suffers if there is too much disclosure or too much protection of each other’s feelings.

Comprehension (Part IV)

• How do you interpret the sentence “What I knew about women I’d learned from my father.” (para.11)

• Was there any problem in Michael’s relationship with his girlfriend? Where did the problem stem from?

• The problem stemmed from his out-of-date knowledge about women and his patronizing attitude to them.

Language Points

• When it comes to (para.9): as far as … be concerned

• patronize (para.10): behave towards sb as if superior or more important than him/her– Don’t patronize me; I know just as much abo

ut it as you do.– Don’t be so patronizing — I’m not a child any

more.

Patron: supporter, sponsor

Language Points

• Eye-opening (para.10)– This is really an ~ trip. 大开眼界的旅行

• Point out (para.10)– I should ~ out that not one of these paintings i

s original.

• offer to do (para.10): express willingness to do sth– She offered to drive me to the station.– He offered to help me carry the bag.– My father offered to take us to the airport.

Assembly Line

Language Points

• go one’s own way (para.12): to live or work without continuing the previous personal/business relationship– After a couple of years together, we realized

we weren’t suited to one another and decided to go our own way.

– I tried to warn him of the danger, but he was determined to go his own way.

Language Points

• a beer (para.11): a glass of beer– a 期中的一项重要功能是能使抽象事物具体化– A New York to love. – There is a warmth beaming on her face.– A Mark Twain – A new me ; a new self

• be indebted to (para.11): be grateful to– I’m ~ to all the people who worked so hard to make t

he party a success.– Most of his colleagues have been ~ to him for his ass

istance.– The restaurant is heavily ~ to the bank.

Sentence Highlight• I was a generation behind the times.

(para.11)

• I was a generation out of date.

• I was behind the generation I belong to.

• I was not in step with my generation.

Labeled Generation

• Baby Boomer (1947-1960)

• Baby Buster (1960-)

• 13th Generation / 13th Gen / 13er– Generation X (1961-1981) / Xer

• Baby Boom Echo (Echo Boomer)– Generation Y / Yer / Y-er

• Millennial Generation / Millennials (1980-)

– ‘Newmils’ (in the UK)

Representative• Prince William &

Kate Middleton

— Generation Y

Comprehension (Part V)• What is meant by “…she and I found

each other again”(para.13)?• We found that we needed each other and

renewed our friendship.• What is the meaning of “sibling

rivalry”(para.13)?• A natural tendency to compete for

affection of parents or teachers.

Language Points

• straighten out (para.12): to settle sth by removing the confusion or difficulties in it– Why does she spend so much time and mon

ey trying to ~ out the waves in her hair? The curls look pretty.

– Once we get these problems ~ed out, we should be all right.

Language Points

• dry straight [ 口 ] 结果很理想 ; 终于好转 • follow [keep to] the straight and narrow 安分守己 , 循规

蹈距 ( 来自《圣经》 ) • get straight [ 美 ] 了解 , 搞通 ; 办好 • give it to sb. straight [ 美 ] 对某人直言不讳 ; 直截了当地

告诉某人 • go straight 笔直走 ; 直接去 做正直人 戒去毒瘾 • keep straight 行为正直 , ( 女子 ) 守贞操 • keep straight on 继续走 [ 做 ] 下去 • make straight for 一直向 ... 走去 • on the straight 笔直 , 平行 [ 口 ]( 原来犯过罪的人 ) 改过

自新 , 老实做人

Language Points

• out of the straight 歪着 , 倾斜 ; [ 俚 ] 不诚实 , 不合法 • put [set] sth. straight 把 ( 某物 ) 整顿 [ 收拾 ] 好 • ride straight 骑马跳过障碍 ; 直飞跑 • run straight 笔直跑 , 正正经经做人 • set sb. straight 纠正某人 • shoot [hit] straight 瞄准射击 , 命中 ; [ 口 ] 为人正直 , 对

人诚实 • the straight and narrow (path) [ 口 ] 正路 , 循规蹈矩的做

人之道 • straight away [off] 毫不犹豫地 ; 立刻 , 马上 • straight out 坦白地 , 率直地 , 毫不犹豫地 • straight up [ 俚 ] 真的 ; 确实的

Language Points

• heal (para.13): cure; make happy/well/ healthy again– She was never able to ~ the breach between

herself and her father.– Peace talks were held to try to ~ the growing

rift between the two sides.– A broken heart takes a long time to ~.

Healable <adj.>

Healer <n.>

Language Points

• sibling rivalry (para.13):

– There was great sibling rivalry between Peter and his brother.

• I have four siblings: three brother and a sister.– Suzhou and Venice are sibling cities.

What fact makes the writer believe that now friendship is more important than before?

Comprehension (Part VI)• Can you identify any metaphor used in

Paragraph 14? Try to explain it.

• “battle with cancer”

Thank you!To be continued.

Lesson 3: Overview• Text Review • Duty Report• Sentence Translation• Oral Practice• Dictation• Appreciation

Blank-filling

• Did you have a hard time ___________ (distinguish) the French words from the English ones?

• In many cases, the clothes people wear identify them ____ belonging to a particular social class.

• Alan felt he could confide ____ his roommate.

• I want to single all the way ____ my years of sanity.

distinguishing

as

in

into

• That is often the case _____ him.

• This result ranks ____ one of their most successful election performances of the last ten years.

• Henry is a trusted friend _____ whom Reed feels a deep kinship.

• The canoe got _______ balance and turned over.

Blank-filling

with

as

with

out of/off

Translate the phrases

• one's self • one’s usual self• one's better self• one's former self• one's second self• one's worse self• To our noble selves!

为我们这些高贵的人 , 为我们自已 ( 干杯 )!

本人；自己（某人的）常态良心 ; 本性中较好的一面一个人的原来的样子 ; 旧我心腹朋友 , 得力助手

本性中邪恶的一面 ; 劣根性

Euphemism

Ralph Waldo Emerson (1803-1882

• American philosopher, essayist and poet.• The value he particularly stressed were

intellectual freedom, integrity, and self-reliance.• The best-known of his essays are “Nature”,

“Self-Reliance”, and “Over-Soul”.• “Nature” has been recognized as a major

document in American Romanticism and Transcendentalism.

Famous Quote from “Nature”

Standing on the bare ground, --my head bathed by the blithe air, and uplifted into infinite space,--all mean egotism vanishes. I become a transparent eye-ball. I am nothing. I see all. The currents of the Universal Being circulate through me; I am part or parcel of God."

Kinship Terms

Forms of Address

Kinship Terms Social Terms

Mother; Father;Uncle; Aunt;

Grandpa;Given Name

Doctor + LNMister + LNMrs. + LNMiss + LN

Types of Addressing• Direct address

• Indirect address

• Self-reference

• Address inversion

Deciding Factors

• Social class

• Rank

• Social position

• Nationality

• Region

• Sex

• Age

• Relationship

Address systems can be a maze.• 林黛玉的母亲是贾宝玉的姑母，贾宝玉的母亲

是林黛玉的舅母，又是薛宝钗的姨母。• 甲：你家父今年几岁？近来可安然无恙？• 乙：我令尊大人今年六十有二，虽是妙龄，但

近来龙体欠安。• 甲：那好，有工夫一定到你寒舍看望。• 乙：欢迎你去，我们府里宾客之上。

Explain the following sentence.• Even though “friend” is a term of endearment

used to describe many people in our lives, we often have a hard time knowing what the term means.

• Even though “friend” is an expression we use to describe and show affection to many people in our lives, we often have difficulty knowing the actual meaning of it.

Explain the following sentence• Their acceptance affirms that self and lets

us develop as individuals. (para.5)

• Being accepted by our friends makes us feel that we are respected as we are and encourages us to develop in the way we want to.

Sentence Highlight• … “the only way to have a friend is to be

one.” (para.7)

• … “Making yourself a friend to others is the only way to win their friendship.”

Explain the following sentence.• A best-friendship gets out of balance

when the intensity becomes too one-sided.

• A best-friendship suffers/becomes unsteady if there is too much disclosure or too much protection on one side only.

Explain the following sentence.• Making friends with someone of the op

posite sex can be an eye-opening experience.

• Making friends with someone of the opposite sex can be an enlightening experience.

Explain the following sentence.• I was a generation behind the times.

(para.11)

• I was, to some extent, a person out of date.

• I was behind the generation I belong to.

• I was not in step with my generation.

Explain the following sentence.• Now I’m married to the girlfriend I had

when I met Marcia, and I’m indebted to her for that.

• When I met Marcia, I had a girlfriend. Now I’m married to that girlfriend and I’m grateful to Marcia for helping me learn about today’s women.

Sentence Translation

• essential– Passion is the first ~ in performance. – When we go on holiday, we only take the

bare ~s.– The relief agencies are trying to provide f

ood and other basic ~s.

救援部门正设法提供食品和其他的必需品

只带了最基本的用品

Sentence Translation

• 出发前，我只有时间把最基本的用品打包。

• This leaflet will give you the essentials of how to use the word processor.

• 房间里配有最简单的家具：一张床、一张桌子和一把椅子。

• I only had time to pack the bare essentials before departure.

• 这张宣传单将告诉你有关如何使用文字处理器的最基本知识。

• The room was furnished with the simplest essentials: a bed, a chair and a table.

Sentence Translation

• protective– The glass vase needs ~ packaging.– He put a ~ arm around her shoulders.– Parents can easily become over-~ of their

children.– The country has built a ~ barrier against fo

reign products.

这个国家已经建立起了一套针对外国产品的保护壁垒。

Sentence Translation

• 有些动植物具有保护色。

• 这家化工厂的工人必须穿完整的保护服。

• 他极力维护着自己作为顾问的角色。

• Some animals and plants have protective coloring.

• Workers in this chemical plant must wear full protective clothing.

• He was extremely protective of his role as advisor.

Sentence Translation

• neglect– I'm afraid I've rather ~ed my studies this

week.– This sector is one of the major growth

areas and we cannot afford to ~ it.– Many parents focus their attention only on

the studies of their children but ~ the cultivation of their mind/good manners.

Sentence Translation

• reveal– He laughed, ~ing a line of white teeth.– These new fashions ~ too much.– It was ~ed that important evidence had be

en suppressed. – Investigation has ~ed him to be/has ~ed t

hat he is a confirmed criminal.

侦查表明他是个惯犯。

Sentence Translation

• The report reveals (that) the company made a loss of $20 million last year.

• 医生没有告诉他他的病已经没有希望了。

• 她的传记表明她并非如大家认为的那样有钱。

• 报告显示公司去年亏损两千万美元。

• The doctor did not reveal to him his hopeless condition.

• Her biography revealed that she was not as rich as everyone thought.

Sentence Translation

• rank as– The city ~s alongside London as one of

the great tourist centers of the world.– She said that 1979 must ~ as the most

remarkable year for change in China.– At the height of her career, she ~ed as

one of the best figure skaters in the world.

Sentence Translation

• 上海位列世界最大的城市之一。

• 自古以来，苏州就和杭州并称为中国最美丽的地方之一。

• Shanghai ranks as one of the world's largest cities.

• Suzhou ranks alongside Hangzhou as one of the most beautiful places in China since ancient times.

Sentence Translation

• play a role in– Regional managers play a crucial ~ in devel

oping a strategic framework. 地区主管在构建营销网络的工作中起着至关重要的作用。– 父母在孩子的教育当中起着重要作用。

Parents play an important ~ in education of children.– Pressure groups played a major ~ in bringin

g about the reforms.权力集团在改革过程中起着主要作用。

Sentence Translation

• point out– The guide ~ed out the best-known

paintings in the gallery.– I'll ~ him out to you next time he comes in.– He was planning to book a rock-climbing

holiday, till I ~ed out that Denis is afraid of height.

– As so rightly ~ed out, our funds are not unlimited.

Sentence Translation

• confide in– He is very much a private man and ~ in no

one. – You can ~ in your own abilities without bein

g conceited.你可以相信自己的能力，而不必感到骄傲自满。– 他人不错，但我觉得没法向他吐露心思。

He's nice, but I don't feel I can confide in him.

他是个非常隐秘的人，从不向人吐露他的秘密。

Oral Practice

• Is it wise to make friends online?

Voice 1

• In my opinion, making friends online is safe if you treat them properly. Even though you should treat friends online sincerely, you have to be cautious. I met my girlfriend through the net. At first, neither of us thought that we would fall in love. As time went by, we came to understand each other better and better. Finally we decided to meet in person. Many others share our story and the experience.

Voice 2

• I usually meet new friends through relatives or other friend’ introduction. It’s not at all safe to look for friends online. Many people, including children, teenagers, even adults with a lot of social experience, have been seriously cheated and deeply hurt by people they met online. This tells us that we must be careful. Though many people online are perfectly normal, it takes only meet one bad person to put ourselves in danger.

Dictation

• What Will Matter ?• Ready or not, some day it will all come to an end. There

will be no more sunrises, no days, no hours or minutes. All the things you collected, whether treasured or forgotten, will pass to someone else. Your wealth, fame and temporal power will shrivel to irrelevance. It will not matter what you owned or what you were owed. Your grudges, resentments, frustrations, and jealousies will finally disappear. So, too, your hopes, ambitions, plans, and to-do lists will all expire. The wins and losses that once seemed so important will fade away. It won't matter where you came from, or on what side of the tracks you lived.

Dictation

It won't matter whether you were beautiful or brilliant. Your gender, skin color, ethnicity will be irrelevant. So what will matter? How will the value of your days be measured? What will matter is not what you bought, but what you built; not what you got, but what you gave. What will matter is not your success, but your significance. What will matter is not what you learned, but what you taught. What will matter is every act of integrity, compassion, courage and sacrifice that enriched, empowered or encouraged others to emulate your example.

Dictation

What will matter is not your competence, but your character. What will matter is not how many people you knew, but how many will feel a lasting loss when you're gone. What will matter is not your memories, but the memories of those who loved you. What will matter is how long you will be remembered, by whom and for what. Living a life that matters doesn't happen by accident. It's not a matter of circumstance but of choice. Choose to live a life that matters.

• A true friend is someone /who stays with you for life. /The sharing of intimacies, / including our fears as well as our dark dreams,/ is the surest way to deepen friendships. / What are some of the obstacles to friendship? / The greatest is the temptation to expect too much too soon. / Deep relationships take time. / Another difficulty is the selfish tendency to think one "possesses" the other, / with an almost exclusive right to his time and attention. / Similarly, friendships require mutual actions. / In brief, you must give as much as you take. / Unless you spend reasonable time together, / talking on the phone, writing letters, doing things together, / friendships will "wither". / As in all interpersonal relationships , / success depends on clarity of purpose, / openness to others, / and a willingness to experiment.

Dictation

Fine Thoughts in Fine Words

• Friend: one soul dwelling in two bodies. It (friendship) redoubles joys, and cuts grieves in halves.

— Francis Bacon

• Friendship should be more than biting time can sever.

— T.S. Eliot

Lyrics of Auld Lang Syne• Should auld acquaintance be forgot, • And never brought to mind? • Should auld acquaintance be forgot • And days of auld lang syne? • For auld lang syne, my dear, • For auld lang syne, • We'll take a cup o' kindness yet • For (the sake of)auld lang syne.

Thank you!