SIGMUND FREUD, ANALYSE US!!!!

What is psychoanalysis?

A method of mind investigation. And especially of the unconscious mind.

Freud’s topograhical model represents his “configuration of the mind.

According to Freud there are 3 levels of consciousness:

Conscious

Preconscious

Unconcious

Freud’s view, the mind is like an iceberg:

The tip of the iceberg is consciousness.The part you can see through the water is preconscious.The part you cannot see is unconscious.

THE STRUCTURAL MODEL OF PERSONALITY

Freud saw personality as having three aspects and these are ID,EGO & SUPEREGO.

ID

original component of personality

present at birth

all the inhereted,instictive,primitive aspects of personality

unconcious

Id follows the pleasure principle.

Pleasure principle is a concept that continuosly drive one to seek pleasure and avoid pain.

There is a id’s mechanism which is primary process: It works to resolve the tension which is created by pleasure principle.

Id forms mental image of desired one Wish fulfilment Primary process cannot distinguish between reality and image

EGO

evolves from id

focuses on making sure id impulses are expressed effectively by taking into account the external world.

concious and preconcious

EGO follows the reality principle

The reality principle is taking account of external reality along with internal needs & urges.

Ego’s aim:delay the discharge of id’s tension until finding appropriate object or activity.

For matching the image of reducing object to real one

Secondary Process

SUPEREGO

holds an image of what is right and wrong

strives perfection rather than pleasure

the values of your parents

to obtain parents’ love the child do what their parents’ think is right OR to avoid punishment the child avoids what their parents’ think is wrong.

introjection

divided into 2 subsystems: Ego Ideal & conscience

has 3 interrelated goals

BALANCING FORCES

• Ego has a hard road.It has to balance id and superego

• Ego strength

Motivation: The Drives of Personality

Related elements with drives,

-Biological need state.

-Its psychological represenatation.

!If a drive is not expressed its pressure continue to build up!

Hydraulic Model, prevention of a drive to express only creates more pressure toward the expression.

Cathexes and The Use of Energy

Given limited energy supply at any given time, how energy is distributed becomes an important issue.

In early life Id has all the energy.

Investing energy in an activity or image is called forming a cathexis.

Id, has the energy doesn not differ reality and unreality

Ego, eventually catches some of Id’s energy to bring intellectual functioning and form cathexes of its own.

Superego, gathers energy from Id through a process of identification.

Competition never ends...

Life and Death Insticts

1) Life or sexual instincts (Eros), is a set of drives, deals with reproduction and survival.

2) Death instincts (Thanatos), goal of life is death.

Eros blocks expression of the death drive tension remains

unspent energy

it can be used in aggressive or destructive actions

Libidinal and Aggressive Energies

-Ambivalence, one expressed an than the other

-Sadism, both exist in same activity at the same time

Sexual arousal can facilitate or inhibit aggression, depending on other fators.

Aggressiveness

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Study 1

Angered Not angered

Neutral

moviesame same

Erotic

moviemore same

Study 2

Catharsis

-Release of emotional tension in an experience.

Leads to 2 predictions.

1) engaging in aggression reduce the later aggression, the act dissipate drive’s energy, person would be less aggressive.

2) engaging in aggression increase the later aggression

Displacement and Sublimation of Motive Forces

Displacement, lets blocked energy be released in another way

Sublimation, action occures in the shape of a socially acceptable or even more praiseworthy action.

Sublimation leads people to be civilized!

PSYCHOSEXUAL DEVELOPMENT

1. The Oral Stage

• birth to roughly 18

• interaction with the world through the mouth & lips

• dependent on others for survival

• has 2 substages and these are: oral incorporative phase & oral sadistic phase

2) Anal Stage

-Begins at about 18 months continues into the third year

-Anus is the key erogenous zone

-Potty training

-Punishment vs. Attention

-Anal retentive personality can be expressed in an excessively neat and tidy environment.

3. PHALLIC STAGE

• Third year and continue fifth year

• focus shifts to genital organs

• become aware of the pleasure that arises from genital manipulation

• Libido shifts toward opposite sex

• Oedipus complex and Electra complex

• What happens to boys and girls ?

Castration anxiety

Penis envy

4) Latency Period

-Child enter of a relative calm period.

-In this period 6 to early teens, sexual and aggressive behaviour not shown.

- Child turn his attention to other pursuits, like social and intellectual world.

- With puberty, the sexual and aggessive urges intensify again.

5.GENITAL STAGE

• adolescence and adulthood

• focus on genitals throughout life

• a desire develops to share mutual sexual gratification with someone

• have more control over impulses both sexual and aggressive

• transformation occurs

Problems and Prospects

-Behaviour is determined largely by forces outside awareness.

-It is hard to test. ex; libido, sexual energy,

Where does it come from?

What makes it sexual in nature?

How do you measure it?-Metaphorical, oedipal complex...

-Case studies can not be generalized.

-Freud involved in the reseaches personally.

-Subjects were not randomly assigned.