THE VICTORIAN ERA

and Sigmund FreudBrian Zhao, Max Waldman

The Victorian

era-Covers most of the 19th

Century-Generally a peaceful and

prosperous period for Europe-The Industrial Revolution

-Development of democracy throughout the continent.

-Also... named after queen Vic.

Important Events• 1832: Passage of the first Reform Act (gave representation to

previously underrepresented urban areas, extended qualifications for voting)

• 1837: Ascension of Queen Victoria to the throne.• 1850: Restoration of the Roman Catholic hierarchy in Britain.• 1851: The Great Exhibition (the first World's Fair) is held at the

Crystal Palace, with great success and international attention.• 1858: The Prime Minister, Lord Palmerston, responded to the Orsini

plot against French emperor Napoleon III, the bombs for which were purchased in Birmingham, by attempting to make such acts a felony, but the resulting uproar forced him to resign.

• 1859: Charles Darwin publishes On the Origin of Species, which leads to various reactions.

• 1861: Prince Albert dies; Queen Victoria refuses to go out in public for many years, and when she does she wears a widow's bonnet instead of the crown.

• 1870 – 1891: Under the Elementary Education Act 1870 basic State Education becomes free for every child under age 10.

Entertainment

Theatre

The Arts

Casinos

Brass Bands

Band Stand

Hypnosis

Etiquette & Morality

Social etiquette was generally strict, especially in the upper class.

Conflicting moral values: a message of superior moral values and strong prudery practiced...

But prostitution and child labor common.

Victorian FashionVictorian Fashion

Extremely ornate

Inconvenient

Reflects the conflicts in Victorian morality

Extremely ornate

Inconvenient

Reflects the conflicts in Victorian morality

Sigmund Freud

SEX

Family Background

(His dad)

ATHEIST

Education

• Outstanding pupil• Graduated from Leopoldstädter

Kommunal-Realgymnasium, a prominent high school, with honors

• Studied medicine and law at the University of Vienna– Later switched to neurology under private

practice (wanted to work with science; initially studied medicine, but found it distasteful)

Influences• Studied with Ernst Brucke

(physiologist)

– Later described as the most influential person in his life

– Favored a mechanistic view of physiology and behavior

• Befriended Josef Breuer during his training

– Breuer was a physician and physiologist

– Case study: Anna O.

• Went to Paris and studied under Jean-Martin Charcot

– Studied hysterics and the use of hypnosis

Case Study: Anna O.• young woman suffering from what

was then called hysteria

– temporary paralysis

– could not speak her native German but could speak French and English

– couldn't drink water even when thirsty

• Breuer used hypnosis the “talking cure”

• Greatly impacted Freud’s future career

Advances Made to Psychology