freud article text

8/17/2019 Freud Article Text

1/7

Title:

FREUD IN OUR MIDST.Authors:

Adler, JerryUnderwood, Anne

Bain, MarcSource: Newsweek; !"#!"$$%, &ol. '(# Iss)e ', *("+(, -*, /olor 01o2o3ra*1s, Black and41i2e 01o2o3ra*1s

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Ar2icleSubject Terms:

MENTA5 1eal210S6/7OT7ERA0ISTSSE8UA5 9an2asiesDREAMS ++ 01ysiolo3ical as*ec2s

NAICS/Industry Codes: NAI/S!Ind)s2ry /odes %"'$ O99ices o9 Men2al 7eal21 0rac2i2ioners :ece*201ysicians<

People:

FREUD, Si3=)nd, '-%+'Abstract:

T1e a)21or re9lec2s on 21e rele>ance o9 Si3=)nd Fre)d?s work as *syc1o21era*is2s aro)nd21e world *re*are 2o cele@ra2e 1is '$21 @ir21day. T1e ar2icle ea=ines se>eral as*ec2s o9Fre)d?s work in2o 21e )nconscio)s incl)din3 1is analysis o9 drea=s, 1is 21eories a@o)2se)al 9an2asies, and wo=en?s se)ali2y. T1e a)21or ea=ines 21e *eriods o9 *o*)lari2y or reec2ion o9 Fre)d?s 21eories in E)ro*e and 21e U.S. since 1is dea21 in '.

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Sec2ion Science

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F$%&D IN '&$ (IDST

On 1is '$21 @ir21day, 21e arc1i2ec2 o9 21era*e)2ic c)l2)re is an inesca*a@le 9orce. 41y Fre)d++=odern 1is2ory?s =os2 de@)nked doc2or++ca*2i>a2es )s e>en now.

4e s2and now a2 a cri2ical =o=en2 in 21e 1is2ory o9 o)r ci>ilia2ion, w1ic1 is )s)ally 21e case @ese2 @y ene=ies w1o irra2ionally e=@race 21eir own des2r)c2ion alon3 wi21 o)rs, o)r 9a2e in 21e1ands o9 leaders w1o =ake a >ir2)e o9 a>oidin3 re9lec2ion, o)r c)l2)re 1iacked @y c1arla2answ1o aren?2 nearly as de*ra>ed as 21ey *re2end in 21eir @es2+sellin3 =e=oirs. As we 2)rn 9ro= 21ea)21or sni>elin3 on O*ra1?s co)c1, o)r 3ae is ca)312 @y a 9a=iliar 9i3)re in 21e s1adows,sardonic and 3ra>e, 1is @row 9)rrowed in weariness. So, 1e see=s 2o @e sayin3, yo) wo)ld like21is 2o @e easy. 6o) wan2 2o s2ick yo)r 1ead in a =ac1ine, 2o swallow a *ill, 2o con9ess on2ele>ision and @e c)red @e9ore 21e las2 co==ercial. B)2 yo) don?2 e>en know w1a2 yo)r diseaseis.

6es, i2?s Si3=)nd Fre)d, s2ill 1a)n2in3 )s, a li9e2i=e a92er 1e died in 5ondon in ', dri>en @y21e Nais 9ro= 1is @elo>ed &ienna. T1e 21eore2ician w1o e*lored a >as2 new real= o9 21e =ind,21e )nconscio)s a roilin3 d)n3eon o9 *ain9)l =e=ories cla=orin3 2o @e 1eard and now and 21enesca*in3 in2o awareness @y way o9 drea=s, sli*s o9 21e 2on3)e and =en2al illness. T1e *1iloso*1er w1o iden2i9ied c1ild1ood e*erience, no2 racial des2iny or 9a=ily 9a2e, as 21e cr)ci@leo9 c1arac2er. T1e 21era*is2 w1o in>en2ed a s*eci9ic 9or= o9 2rea2=en2, *syc1oanalysis, w1ic1ad>anced 21e re>ol)2ionary no2ion 21a2 ac2)al dia3nosa@le disease can @e c)red @y a =e21od 21a2da2es 2o 21e dawn o9 1)=ani2y 2alk. No2 @y *rayer, sacri9ice or eorcis=; no2 @y dr)3s, s)r3eryor c1an3e o9 die2, @)2 @y recollec2ion and re9lec2ion in 21e *resence o9 a sy=*a21e2ic *ro9essional. I2 is an idea w1olly a2 odds wi21 o)r 2ec1nolo3ical 2e=*era=en2, ye2 21e =o)n2ainso9 0roac *rescri@ed e>ery year 1a>e 9ailed 2o @)ry i2. No2 =any *a2ien2s s2ill seek a c)re on a

*syc1oanalys2?s co)c1 9o)r days a week, @)2 21e >as2 *roli9era2ion o9 2alk 21era*ies++J)n3ian andAdlerian analyses, co3ni2i>e @e1a>ioral and *syc1odyna=ic 21era*y++2es2i9y 2o 21e end)rin3 *ower o9 1is idea.

And Fre)d 21e 3rea2 en3ine o9 an on3oin3 =iddle@row @)ll session 21a2 1as en3a3ed o)r c)l2)re9or a cen2)ry. 4i21o)2 Fre)d, 4oody Allen wo)ld @e a sc1nook and Tony So*rano a 21)3; 21erewo)ld @e an Oedi*)s @)2 no Oedi*)s co=*le, and 21en 1ow wo)ld *eo*le a2 dinner *ar2iese*lain w1y 21e eldes2 son o9 eor3e B)s1 was so in2en2 on 2o**lin3 Sadda=C :T1is is a *arlor3a=e Fre)d 1i=sel9 *ioneered in 1is analysis o9 Na*oleon, w1o?d @een dead 9or a cen2)ry w1enFre)d concl)ded 21a2 si@lin3 ri>alry wi21 1is eldes2 @ro21er, Jose*1, was 21e 3rea2 dri>e in 1isli9e, acco)n2in3 9or @o21 1is in9a2)a2ion wi21 a wo=an na=ed Jose*1ine and 1is decision++9ollowin3 in 21e 9oo2s2e*s o9 21e Bi@lical Jose*1++2o in>ade E3y*2.< In A=erica Fre)d is now=ore likely 2o @e 2aken serio)sly as a li2erary 9i3)re 21an a scien2i9ic one, a2 leas2 o)2side 21e ($or so ins2i2)2es 21a2 s*eci9ically 2rain analys2s. J)s2 las2 year, in 9ac2, NE4S4EEK l)=*ed Fre)dwi21 Karl Mar as a *1iloso*1er w1ose cen2)ry 1ad co=e and 3one, in con2ras2 2o 21e con2in)in3in2ellec2)al rele>ance o9 Darwin. In an ac2 o9 e*ia2ion, 21ere9ore, and 2o s2ake o)2 21e 1i313ro)nd @e9ore 21e 2s)na=i o9 lec2)res, se=inars and *)@lica2ions sc1ed)led 9or 1is '$21 @ir21day on May %, we ask o)rsel>es Is Fre)d s2ill deadC And i9 no2, w1a2 is kee*in3 1i= ali>eC


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T1a2 1e re2ains any li9e a2 all is re=arka@le. To innocen2ly 2y*e 1is na=e in2o a searc1 en3ine is2o )nleas1 a 2orren2 o9 den)ncia2ion 21a2 @e3an 21e =o=en2 1e @e3an *)@lis1in3 1is work in 21e'21 cen2)ry. Merely @ein3 wron3++as e>en 1is *ar2isans ad=i2 1e *ro@a@ly was a@o)2 a lo2 o921in3s++see=s inadeL)a2e 2o e*lain 21e cal)=ny 1e 1as en3endered, so Fre)dians in>oke aFre)dian e*lana2ion. GT1e )nconscio)s is 2erri@ly 21rea2enin3,G says Dr. len O. a@@ard,

*ro9essor o9 *syc1ia2ry a2 Baylor /olle3e o9 Medicine. GI2 s)33es2s we are =o>ed @y 9orces wecanno2 see or con2rol, and 21is is a se>ere wo)nd 2o o)r narcissis=.G Resis2ance ca=e early 9ro=a @o)r3eoisie a**alled @y one o9 Fre)d?s cen2ral 2ene2s, 21a2 yo)n3 c1ildren 1a>e a se)al 9an2asyli9e++a 21eory 21a2 A=erican ad)l2s reec2ed @y a =ar3in o9 #% 2o ' in a NE4S4EEK 0oll. Andi2?s no2 )s2 4es2ern c)l2)re 21a2 Fre)d scandalied; as recen2ly as las2 =on21, in an in2er>iew wi21Da>id Re=nick o9 T1e New 6orker, S1eik Naye9 Rao)@ o9 7a=as e*lained 21e necessi2y 9orIsrael?s des2r)c2ion on 21e 3ro)nd 21a2 GFre)d, a Jew, was 21e one w1o des2royed =orals.G

And o**osi2ion ca=e 9ro= 9e=inis2s w1o wo)ld 1a>e yo) know 21a2 21ey don?2 en>y any =an 1is *enis. I2 is now )ni>ersally acknowled3ed 21a2 Fre)d?s ideas a@o)2 wo=en?s se)ali2y++ins)==ary, 21a2 21ey were inco=*le2e =en++were so 9ar wron3 21a2, as 1is sy=*a21e2ic @io3ra*1er

0e2er ay okes, GI9 1e were *residen2 o9 7ar>ard, 1e?d 1a>e 2o resi3n.G T1e low *oin2 o9 Fre)d?sre*)2a2ion was *ro@a@ly 21e early '$s, w1en wo=en were 9illin3 21e 2alk s1ows wi21 acco)n2so9 c1ild1ood se)al a@)se dred3ed 9ro= 21eir )nconscio)s. T1is was a no+win si2)a2ion 9orFre)d++w1o, ad=i22edly, 1ad s2aked o)2 *osi2ions on @o21 sides o9 21is L)es2ion, as 1e o92en did in1is lon3 career. T1ose w1o 2ook 21e side o9 21e acc)sed *aren2s and si@lin3s @la=ed 1i= 9or1a>in3 *lan2ed 21e idea, in 1is early work, 21a2 21e re*ressed =e=ory o9 ac2)al se)al a@)se wasa co==on ca)se o9 ad)l2 ne)rosis. T1ose w1o @elie>ed 21e acc)sers c1ar3ed 1i= wi21 cra>enlys)rrenderin3 2o co==)ni2y *ress)re w1en 1e )l2i=a2ely decided 21a2 =any o9 21ese reco>ered=e=ories were ac2)ally c1ild1ood 9an2asies. GSendin3 a wo=an 2o a Fre)dian 21era*is2,G loriaS2eine= said a2 21e 2i=e, Gis no2 so 9ar dis2an2 9ro= sendin3 a Jew 2o a Nai.G

7is re*)2a2ion 1as only @arely @e3)n 2o reco>er. In 21e wake o9 21e re*ressed+=e=ory wars, 21e>as2 Fre)d arc1i>e a2 21e 5i@rary o9 /on3ress, =)c1 o9 w1ic1 1ad @een e=@ar3oed 9or decadesin2o 21e 9)2)re, 1as @een o*ened 2o sc1olars. And Fre)d?s de@)nkers are 9indin3 =)c1 2o con9ir=w1a2 21ey?>e said all alon3, 21a2 1is canonical Gc)resG were 21e *rod)c2 o9 wis19)l 21inkin3 andconscio)s 9)d3in3, and 1is 21eories 9o)nded on a sink1ole o9 circ)lar lo3ic. E99or2s 2o >alida2eFre)dian *syc1olo3y 21ro)31 ri3oro)s 2es2in3 or @rain+i=a3in3 2ec1nolo3y is s2ill in i2s in9ancy.GI?= a9raid 1e doesn?2 1old )* >ery well a2 all,G says 0e2er D. Kra=er, a *syc1ia2ris2 and a)21or o9 G5is2enin3 2o 0roac,G w1o is workin3 on a @io3ra*1y o9 Fre)d d)e 2o a**ear ne2 year. GI2al=os2 9eels like a *ersonal @e2rayal 2o say 21a2. B)2 e>ery *ar2ic)lar is wron3 21e )ni>ersali2y o921e Oedi*)s co=*le, *enis en>y, in9an2ile se)ali2y.G

7ow =)c1 de@)nkin3 can Fre)d wi21s2andC Jona21an 5ear, a *syc1ia2ris2 and *1iloso*1er a2 21eUni>ersi2y o9 /1ica3o, iden2i9ies a Gcore ideaG on w1ic1 Fre)d?s re*)2a2ion =)s2 res2, 21a2 1)=anli9e is Gessen2ially con9lic2ed.G And 21a2 21e con9lic2 is 1idden 9ro= )s, @eca)se i2 s2e=s 9ro=wis1es and ins2inc2s 21a2 are ac2i>ely re*ressed++yo) don?2 1a>e 2o @elie>e 21a2 i2 in>ol>es a desire2o 1a>e se wi21 one o9 yo)r *aren2s, i9 21a2 idea s2rikes yo) as o)2landis1++@eca)se o)rconscio)s sel9 canno2 @ear 2o acknowled3e 21e=. Iden2i9yin3 and resol>in3 21ose con9lic2s as21ey e=er3e in2o awareness, dee*ly cloaked in sy=@olis=, is 21e work o9 analysis.


4/7

E>ery21in3 else is, )l2i=a2ely, ne3o2ia@le. No2 e>en Fre)d?s =os2 or21odo ad1eren2s de9end 1isen2ire @ody o9 work in all i2s de2ails, @)2 21ey do 2alk a@o)2 21e @i33er *ic2)re. G7e was wron3a@o)2 so =any 21in3s,G says Ja=es 7ansell, a Uni>ersi2y o9 Mic1i3an *syc1olo3is2. GB)2 1e waswron3 in s)c1 in2eres2in3 ways. 7e *ioneered a w1ole new way o9 lookin3 a2 21in3s.G Fre)dG1el*s )s 9ind dee* =eanin3s and =o2i>a2ions, and 9ind =eanin3 in lo>e and work,G says Dr. K.

5ynne Mori2, a *ro9essor a2 S2. 5o)is Uni>ersi2y Sc1ool o9 Medicine and 21e inco=in3 *residen2o9 21e A=erican 0syc1oanaly2ic Associa2ion. /er2ainly 1e does, a2 leas2 9or so=e *eo*le,al21o)31 21a2 see=s like a @e22er reco==enda2ion 9or a *oe2 21an a scien2is2.

B)2 21en, dee* =eanin3 is )s2 w1a2 so=e *eo*le wan2 o)2 o9 li9e, a 9ac2 21a2 1el*s s)**or2 21e,($$ =e=@ers o9 Mori2?s 3ro)* :)*, @arely, 9ro= ,"$$ in '-< and ',$$ in a ri>alor3ania2ion, 21e Na2ional Associa2ion 9or 21e Ad>ance=en2 o9 0syc1oanalysis. T1a2 co=*areswi21 ,$$ in 21e A=erican 0syc1ia2ric Associa2ion. 0syc1ia2ris2s are =edical doc2ors 2rained 2o2rea2 =en2al illness; 21ey 2y*ically see *a2ien2s re9erred 2o 21e= s*eci9ically 9or dr)3 21era*y, or21ey work in 1os*i2als or clinics wi21 21e serio)sly ill. T1e A=erican 0syc1olo3ical Associa2ion,w1ic1 re*resen2s *syc1o21era*is2s wi21o)2 =edical de3rees, 1as '$,$$$ =e=@ers. In 21e

NE4S4EEK 0oll, nearly "$ *ercen2 o9 A=erican ad)l2s say 21ey 1a>e 1ad so=e 9or= o921era*y or co)nselin3, and ( *ercen2 are c)rren2ly in 21era*y. T1e a@ili2y 2o 2inker direc2ly wi2121e @rain syna*ses, 21ro)31 dr)3s, 1olds 21e *ro=ise o9 =akin3 *syc1oanalysis red)ndan2 9orso=e condi2ions. B)2 *a2ien2s res*ond di99eren2ly, and 9or so=e a co=@ina2ion o9 dr)3 and 2alk21era*y see=s 2o work @es2. Mori2 =ain2ains 21a2 9or so=e condi2ions, s)c1 as adolescen2 @orderline *ersonali2y disorder, analysis re=ains 21e 2rea2=en2 o9 c1oice. As 9or Fre)d, 1e1i=sel9 wen2 21ro)31 a @rie9 *1ase in w1ic1 1e ad>oca2ed dr)3 21era*y. Re3re22a@ly, 21e dr)3 1ead>oca2ed was cocaine. T1a2 re=ains 21e one salien2 9ac2 21a2 =any A=ericans see= 2o 1a>ere2ained a@o)2 1i=.

A =aor 9ac2or in 21e decline o9 *syc1oanalysis is 21e rel)c2ance o9 ins)rance co=*anies 2o 9oo2

21e @ill 9or an o*en+ended 2rea2=en2 a2 a cos2 o9 =ore 21an ",$$$ a =on21. Back in 21e '$s,analysis was a s2a2)s sy=@ol and a =ark o9 so*1is2ica2ion, a role 9illed in socie2y 2oday @ycos=e2ic s)r3ery. B)2 i2 is s2ill a >al)ed l))ry 3ood 9or 21ose wi21 21e 2i=e and 21e =eans 2o li>e)* 2o 21e Del*1ic in)nc2ion 2o Gknow 21ysel9.G GT1ere are =any *eo*le w1o don?2 res*ond 2o @rie9 21era*y or 2o =edica2ion,G says a@@ard, G*eo*le w1o wan2 21e e*erience o9 @ein3 lis2ened2o and )nders2ood, 2o searc1 9or a 2r)21 a@o)2 21e=sel>es 21a2 3oes @eyond sy=*2o= relie9.G Takeone o9 Mori2?s *a2ien2s, a =arried wo=an in 1er ($s we?ll call Doreen in 1onor o9 one o9 Fre)d?s=os2 9a=o)s cases, w1o was 3i>en 21e *se)dony= Dora. Doreen is 21e =odel o9 =any early&iennese *a2ien2s, an ed)ca2ed )**er+=iddle+class wo=an wi21 an o>er2ly 2ranL)il and sa2is9yin3li9e. 5ike =os2 *a2ien2s 2oday, 1er sy=*2o=s were >a3)e and 3eneral. Ne)roses no lon3er see=2o =ani9es2 21e=sel>es in 1ys2erical @lindness or *aralysis. GI decided I 1a>e a 3ood li9e, @)2 i2co)ld @e @e22er,G s1e says. A2 work s1e was 2oo ea3er 2o *lease, 2akin3 on =ore 21an s1e co)ld1andle; wi21 1er 9a=ily s1e 9el2 21e need 2o s2i9le 1er *lay9)lness and sense o9 1)=or. 0ro@a@ly=any *eo*le wo)ldn?2 21ink i2 necessary 2o de>o2e 9o)r 1o)rs a week 9or 9o)r years :andon3oin3< 2o sol>in3 21ose *ro@le=s, @)2 2o 1er i2?s @een wor21 i2, 2o2ally. GI2 =akes yo) ea=ineyo)r li9e, re2ell yo)r li9e, 2o )nders2and w1ere yo)r a22i2)des, yo)r @elie9s and @e1a>iors co=e9ro=,G s1e says. GI?= so =)c1 1a**ier now. I2?s no2 so=e21in3 I co)ld do alone. 6o) 1a>e 2ocon9ron2 21e *ar2s o9 yo)rsel9 21a2 are *ain9)l and s1a=e9)l and di99ic)l2 2o 9ace. Dr. Mori2 asks21e L)es2ions 21a2 ca)se =e 2o di3 dee*er in2o =ysel9.G


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T1a2, o9 co)rse, is 21e essence o9 Fre)d?s 2ec1niL)e. 7e was a =an in2oica2ed wi21 21e >oya3e o9 inward disco>ery. 6o) can see 21is clearly in 1is '$' @ook G0syc1o*a21olo3y o9 E>eryday 5i9e.G7ere, Fre)d disc)sses an enco)n2er wi21 a yo)n3 =an w1o canno2 recall 21e 5a2in word GaliL)isG:Gso=eoneG< in a *assa3e 9ro= &ir3il. To Fre)d, s)c1 =o=en2s are ne>er wi21o)2 si3ni9icance,and 21e >ery o@sc)ri2y o9 21e sli* 3a>e i2 added in2eres2. Fre)d wo)ldn?2 was2e co)c1 2i=e on a

sli* 21a2 was o@>io)s 2o 21e *erson w1o )22ered i2. 7e e=*loys 1is 2rade=ark 2ec1niL)e o9 G9reeassocia2ionG :G2ell =e 21e 9irs2 21in3 21a2 co=es in2o yo)r =ind G< 2o )nco>er a link 2o GliL)id,G21en 2o G@lood,G and 21ro)31 se>eral o21er s2e*s 2o 21e re>ela2ion 21a2 21e yo)n3 =an was worried21a2 a wo=an wi21 w1o= 1e 1ad @een in2i=a2e 1ad =issed 1er *eriod. 41a2 a 2o)r de 9orce 9or *syc1oanalysis

Does i2 de2rac2 9ro= o)r a**recia2ion o9 1is 3eni)s 21a2 21e 9reelance 1is2orian 0e2er Swales 1ass1own 21a2 21ere =os2 *ro@a@ly was no s)c1 yo)n3 =an, 21a2 21e =e=ory la*se was *ro@a@lyco==i22ed @y Fre)d 1i=sel9 and 21a2 21e wo=an 1e was worried a@o)2 was Minna Bernays, 21esis2er o9 Fre)d?s own wi9eC

4ell, no2 2o 5ear. 7is reac2ion is, GI co)ldn?2 care less. I co)ld i=a3ine so=eone in Fre)d?s *osi2ion c1an3in3 21e s2ory in 21a2 way. B)2 i2?s )s2 no2 >ery i=*or2an2 P2o o)r a**recia2ion o9 1isworkQ.G

I9 Eins2ein 1ad a ro=ance wi21 1is sis2er+in+law, i2 wo)ldn?2 c1an3e w1a2 we 21o)312 a@o)2 21es*eed o9 li312. B)2 21is is Fre)d 7is own 21o)312s and e=o2ions were *recisely 21e raw =a2erial9ro= w1ic1 1e deri>ed =)c1 o9 1is 21eory. 7e is o)r *os2=odern 0la2o, o)r sec)lar Sain2A)3)s2ine. 7e 9ascina2es )s endlessly, e>en 21ose w1o 1a>e =ade 21eir re*)2a2ions in *ar2 @ydeno)ncin3 1i=, like Frederick /rews, e=eri2)s *ro9essor o9 En3lis1 a2 U/ Berkeley. E*lainin3Fre)d?s end)rin3 in2eres2, 1e o@ser>es ca)s2ically, GAcade=ic 1)=anis2s 9ind 21a2 @y en2erin3Fre)d?s world o9 in2erlockin3 sy=@ols and 9acile ca)sal asser2ions 21ey will ne>er r)n o)2 o9

s1rewd+lookin3, co)n2erin2)i2i>e 21in3s 2o say in 21eir essays and @ooks.G As i9 21a2 were a @ad21in3 Don?2 we all need an ec)se now and 21en 2o so)nd s=ar2 @y re9errin3 2o in2er*re2a2ion asG1er=ene)2icsGC Kra=er 9inds ec1oes o9 Fre)d in T. S. Elio2?s drea=like sy=@olis=, in 21ee=o2ional 2rans9erence :o9 @oss 2o 9a21er 2o son< in Joyce?s GD)@liners.G :GTrans9erenceG re9ers 2o21e dis*lace=en2 o9 e=o2ion 21a2 a *a2ien2 )nder3oes in 21era*y, =akin3 21e 21era*is2 21e o@ec2o9 9eelin3s 21e *a2ien2 1as 2oward a *aren2. Mr. So*rano, 2ake yo)r 1ands o99 Dr. Mel9i?s 21roa2, *lease.<

G4e re9er 2o Fre)d e>ery day w1en we call so=eone ?*assi>e+a33ressi>e?,G Kra=er =)ses. GIdon?2 know 1ow *eo*le e*ressed 21a2 21o)312 a 1)ndred years a3o.G No2 e>eryone is con>inced @y 21is ar3)=en2, 21o)31 GS1akes*eare =ana3ed 2o say an aw9)l lo2 a@o)2 1)=an na2)re wi21o)221e >oca@)lary *ro>ided @y *syc1oanalysis,G o@ser>es 0a2ricia /1)rc1land, o9 21e Uni>ersi2y o9/ali9ornia, San Die3o, a leadin3 *1iloso*1er o9 conscio)sness. S1e adds 21a2 in any case s1e9inds 21a2 21e lan3)a3e o9 analysis is @ein3 s)**lan2ed in *o*)lar c)l2)re @y 21e ar3on o9ne)roscience. 0eo*le 2alk a@o)2 3e22in3 21eir endor*1ins 3oin3. So=eone ac2in3 ras1ly is said 2o @e G9ron2al,G re9errin3 2o 21e *ar2 o9 21e @rain in>ol>ed in i=*)lse con2rol.

Ad=i22edly, 1er=ene)2ics isn?2 eac2ly w1ere 21e ac2ion is in A=erican socie2y 2oday. In 21e id+dri>en worlds o9 *oli2ics, a21le2ics and @)siness, Fre)d is 21e )l2i=a2e non+@o22o=+line 3)y; 1e


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*ays o99 9i>e years down 21e road in 21e non+ne3o2ia@le c)rrency o9 sel9+knowled3e. 41en0residen2 eor3e 4. B)s1 2old an in2er>iewer in "$$( 21a2 1e wo)ldn?2 G3o on 21e co)c1G 2ore21ink 1is decisions a@o)2 21e IraL war, i2 so o)2ra3ed Dr. Kerry J. S)lkowic, a *ro9essor o9 *syc1ia2ry a2 N6U Medical Sc1ool, 21a2 1e wro2e a le22er 2o T1e New 6ork Ti=es *ro+2es2in3 21issl)r on analysis, wi21 21e i=*lica2ion G21a2 no2 )nders2andin3 onesel9 is a =a22er o9 *ride.G

S)lkowic knows 21is a22i2)de 9irs21and as a cons)l2an2 2o cor*ora2e /EOs and @oards o9direc2ors, w1ere 1e s2r)33les daily 2o @ea2 so=e in2ros*ec2ion in2o 1is clien2s? 1eads. GT1ere?s so=)c1 e=*1asis on ?eec)2ion? and ?ac2ion? in 21e @)siness world,G 1e says. GI 2ry 2o con>ey 21a2ac2ion and re9lec2ion are no2 =)2)ally ecl)si>e.G Fre)d?s insi312s in2o 21e irra2ional and 21e)nconscio)s 9ind a**lica2ion in 21e cor*ora2ion, w1ere e>en 1i31+le>el eec)2i>es =ay @rin32rans9erence iss)es in2o 21e o99ice, seekin3 9ro= 21eir @oss 21e a**ro>al 21ey once cra>ed 9ro=21eir *aren2s. Fre)d?s wri2in3s on 3ro)* dyna=ics and si@lin3 ri>alry can ser>e 21e 21o)3129)l/EO well, S)lkowic adds. I2 1el*s, 21o)31, i9 21e so)rce is so=ew1a2 o@sc)red. GI 1ardly e>er2alk a@o)2 Fre)d @y na=e,G 1e says.

In 21e s1adows, 21e 2i* o9 21e ci3ar wi33les )* and down in a3i2a2ion. A=ericans 1e see=s 2o @e

21inkin3. A =oney+3r)@@in3 =o@; 21ey =ade =e 9ear 9or 21e 9)2)re o9 ci>ilia2ion i2sel9. I s1o)ld1a>e 2old 21e= w1en I 1ad 21e c1ance.

Fre)d, roo2ed in 21e 3rea2 ci>ilia2ions o9 E)ro*e, wro2e li22le a@o)2 A=erica, w1ic1 1e >isi2ed @rie9ly in '$, @)2 1is a22i2)de was clear 9ro= a 9ew 2erse sen2ences in 1is dark classic,G/i>ilia2ion and I2s Discon2en2s.G 0)@lis1ed in '$, w1en Fre)d was already an old =an, 21e @ook was a *syc1olo3ical =edi2a2ion on 21e social con2rac2 21e s)rrender o9 =ankind?s na2)ralins2inc2 9or a33ression and se)al do=ina2ion in ec1an3e 9or 21e sec)ri2y and co=9or2 o9ci>ilied socie2y. B)2 in Fre)d?s >iew, 21a2 is no2 an easy @ar3ain. T1ose ins2inc2s are *ower9)land 21eir re*ression crea2es )nconscio)s con9lic2++w1a2 5ear descri@ed as 21e Gcore ideaG o9Fre)dian 21o)312. And 21a2 is 21e so)rce o9 21e disease 21a2 we canno2 na=e, and 21a2 we can

ne>er really c)re, @eca)se i2 is @)il2 in2o 21e 1)=an condi2ion. I2 is no acciden2, says 5ear, 21a2Fre)d?s re*)2a2ion reac1ed a low *oin2 in 21e early '$s, w1ic1 was no2 only 21e 1ei312 o9 21ereco>ered+=e=ory 1ys2eria, @)2 also o9 21e *os2+cold+war o*2i=is= 21a2 =ade a @es2 seller o9Francis F)k)ya=a?s @ook GT1e End o9 7is2ory.G F)k)ya=a *redic2ed 21a2 21e dissol)2ion o9 21eSo>ie2 Union wo)ld *a>e 21e way 9or 21e 2ri)=*1 o9 li@eral de=ocracy aro)nd 21e world++anidea 21a2 ca=e cras1in3 2o 21e 3ro)nd one s)nny =ornin3 in "$$'. G4e are always s)sce*2i@le,G5ear says, G2o 21e ill)sion 21a2 21ese are no2 o)r *ro@le=s. T1e end o9 1is2ory was a @ra>e 1o*e21a2 21e on3oin3 dyna=ic o9 1)=an con9lic2 was o>er.G B)2 w1a2 Fre)d 1as 2o say, w1ic1 iswor21 1earin3 e>en i9 analysis ne>er c)res ano21er *a2ien2, is 21a2 1is2ory will ne>er end. Beca)sei2 is =ade @y 1)=an @ein3s.

Nearly "$ o9 A=ericans 1a>e seen a 21era*is2, @)2 only ( are in 21era*y now; "$ 1a>e 2aken=edicine 9or anie2y or de*ression.

Nearly $ o9 A=ericans @elie>e 21a2 an ad)l2?s *syc1olo3ical *ro@le=s can @e 2raced @ack 2o1is or 1er c1ild1ood.

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By Jerry Adler

4i21 Anne Underwood and Marc Bain

Correction

In GFre)d in O)r Mids2,G we descri@ed 21e =e=@ers1i* o9 21e A=erican 0syc1olo3icalAssocia2ion as co=*risin3 G*syc1o21era*is2s.G In 9ac2, i2 re*resen2s @o21 clinical and acade=ic *syc1olo3is2s, wi21 s*ecialied de3rees and 2rainin3.

/o*yri312 o9 Newsweek is 21e *ro*er2y o9 Newsweek and i2s con2en2 =ay no2 @e co*ied ore=ailed 2o =)l2i*le si2es or *os2ed 2o a lis2ser> wi21o)2 21e co*yri312 1older?s e*ress wri22en *er=ission. 7owe>er, )sers =ay *rin2, download, or e=ail ar2icles 9or indi>id)al )se.

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