Frequency Matters

NOAA Satellite ConferenceFor

Direct Readout, GOES/POES, and GOES-R/JPSS Users

April 9, 2013

Presented by Mark Mulholland

Senior Advisor/Program Executive, NESDIS AA

Agenda

• Review of future L-Band spectrum auction

• Schedule of events leading to spectrum auction

• International aspects

• Non-federal user implications

• Panel discussion

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NOAA’s L-Band Environment

3

TLM HRIT EMWIN

JPSSLRD

(1707)

GOES-R Rebroadcast

DCPR

Radiosondes

POES/MetOp

MHZ 1695 1710

Commercial1710 - 1755

Radiosondes

Adjacent Bands

RadiosondesPOES & MetOp

1670 1680 1685 1690

Today

Post-2030

2016 - 2030 1675

15 MHz Designated For Sharing

LightSquared leases LightSquared wants

Why Us???

4

You Are Here

Source: The Great Radio Spectrum Famine, IEEE Inside Technology, October 2010, http://spectrum.ieee.org/telecom/wireless/the-great-radio-spectrum-famine/0

Our Competitors

5

The Bigger Picture

• Broadband industry prefers pairing of spectral bands– One band for phone-to-tower– One band for tower-to-phone

• Adjacent 2095-2110 MHz band not identified for auction– Broadband industry desires to occupy band adjacent to existing band– National Association of Broadcasters objects, citing public safety concerns

6

Advanced Wireless Service -1 (already licensed)

slated for auction

2075 2095 2110 2155 2180

paired channels Likely pairing

Broadcast Auxiliary Service (BAS)

Logicalpairing

Advanced Wireless Service -1 (already licensed)

Space-Ground Link System (SGLS) ↑

1675 1695 1710 1755 1780

Polar Ops

Key Issue Evolution

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2011 2013

GOES and Polar bands might be auctionedPolar band willbe auctioned

Sharing within fiveyears (NTIAreport) Sharing within threeyears (U.S. law)

Non-federal users unprotected by zones Non-federal users unprotected by zones

Little known about broadband plans Much more known about broadband plans

18 exclusion zones 27 coordination zones (approval cycle)

NOAA satellite options to be studied Most studies complete; modifications made

Funding not available for implementationFunding not available for implementation

Unknown international impacts World Radio Conference 2015 agenda item

NPOESS JPSSwith Free Flyer

Lightsquaredplansdid not involve NOAA Lightsquaredplans may impact NOAA

X-Bandprimarily used for earth science X-Band supports operational forecasting

Some awareness of polar satellite value Increased awareness of polar satellite value

Fast-Track Critical Sites -- 2010Critical Site System(s) Customer & Use

Wallops Island, VA GOES, POES Primary GOES & POES Commanding & Data Acquisition (CDA) site

Fairbanks, AK GOES, POES Primary GOES and POES CDA

Suitland, MD, Greenbelt, MD GOES, POESNOAA Satellite Operations Facility (NSOF) & Goddard Space Flight Center Back-up

Anchorage, AK POES Elmendorf Air Force Base

Anderson Air Base, Guam POES HRPT

Miami, FL GOES, POES HRPT (POES Imagery) & GVAR direct receive

Monterey, CA GOES, POES HRPT (POES Imagery) & GVAR direct receive

Omaha, NE GOES, POES Air Force Weather (all data) and Army Corps Of Engineers DCS

Cincinnati, OH: Direct Read-out Ground Station (DRGS)

GOES Army Corps of Engineers -- DCS water gauges

Rock Island, IL : DRGS GOES Army Corps of Engineers -- DCS water gauges

St. Louis, MO: DRGS GOES Army Corps of Engineers -- DCS water gauges

Vicksburg, MS: DRGS GOES Army Corps of Engineers -- DCS water gauges

Sacramento, CA: DRGS GOES Army Corps of Engineers -- DCS water gauges

Sioux Falls, SD GOES, POES NOAA & NWS & USGS

Stennis Space Center, MS POES HRPT

Bay St. Louis, MS GOES, POES Department of the Interior (USGS)

San Juan, PR GOES Department of the Interior (USGS)

Honolulu, HI GOES, POES HRPT, GVAR, MTSAT Direct Broadcast (NWS and DoD)

Twenty-none Palms, CA & Yuma, AZ POES HRPT (Relocatable systems)

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Polar Sites In Red

Additional Critical Sites

Location Owner Function GOES Polar

Anchorage, AK NOAAAnchorage Weather Forecast Office (WFO) & Alaska Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC) √ √

Barrigada, Guam NOAA WFO for Guam and Marianas √

Barrow, AK NOAA NOAA Barrow Observatory √

Boulder, CO NOAA Space Weather Prediction Center √

Fairmont, WV NOAA Consolidated Backup Facility √ √

Ford Island (Pearl Harbor), HI

NOAANOAA Pacific Regional Center/Pacific Tsunami Warning Center

√ √

Greenbelt, MDNOAA/NASA

Goddard Space Flight Center GOES Backup Site √

Kansas City, MO NOAA Aviation Weather Center √

Miami, FL NOAAAtlantic Oceanographic & Meteorological Laboratory CoastWatch

√

Miami, FL NOAA National Hurricane Center √

Norman, OK NOAA Storm Prediction Center √

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Revisions and additions were a result of:• Multiple sites originally protected under one large exclusion zone now require separate

coordination zones• Increased concerns about adjacent band interference• Relocation of critical operations19 exclusion zones replaced by 27 coordination zones

Critical Sites – 2013

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Typical coordination zone :• POES: 40 km• GOES: 10 km

NWS Anchorage, Alaska

Exclusion Versus Coordination Zones

• Exclusion Zone: A geographical area within which commercial broadband operations are not permitted in certain frequency bands

• Coordination Zone: A geographical area within which commercial broadband operations may be permitted in certain frequency bands

• Advantages of coordination zones– Requires all broadband operators to coordinate with us

every time they want to operate inside a zone– Responds to changes in broadband industry standards– NOAA can still say “No”– Allows NOAA to say “yes” when appropriate

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Top 100 Broadband Markets

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2012 2013 2014 2015 2016

Middle-Class Tax Relief Act and External Milestones

Timeline for Regulatory Activities

Expect broadband network use of the spectrum by 2016 ~ 2018

Studies

License Applications & Auction

Standardization Work

Network build-out

requirements

Begin vacating Federal users

NTIA planning for reallocation and reaccommodationFederal

FCC

Private Sector

Licensees Deployment

Rule Making

Studies

BillSigned

1695-1710 MHZ Identified

Transition Plan

Auction Start

WRC-15

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International Aspects

• Broadband industry desires commonality in global standards

• CGMS committed to common requirements and operations standards

• World Radio Conference - 15 (WRC-15) agenda item will address additional spectrum for broadband– Agenda items will address both L-Band and X-Band spectrum– U.S. L-Band implementation will already be underway

• Since U.S. actions will lead WRC, international partners should plan for a transition period

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Non-Federal User Implications

• High probability of protection if you are in or near a coordination zone

• High probability of interference if you are in or near one of the Top 100 broadband markets

• Lower probability of interference if you are located in a rural area outside one of the Top 100 markets

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Polar Satellite

Motion ofAntenna

Frequency

TerrestrialEmission

Tracking Station Receiver Band

Tracking StationTracking Band

• Terrestrial Emission may interfere with• Downlink Data• Tracking of Satellite

• Depending on• Relative Position• Relative Signal Strength• Operating Frequency• Bandwidth

• Possible causes: In-band, adjacent band, ducting

Motion of Tracking Antenna can align with Terrestrial Emitter

Unprotected User – University of Delaware

Interference Dynamics

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1

10 2

( )

( )

R

Terrestrial

Emission

Suggested Mitigation Concepts

• Satellite operators– Maximize use of 1697.5 MHz for polar operations– Consider use of relay satellites for future systems

• Users located outside coordination zones– Increase reflector size to increase gain– Remote antennas with terrestrial communications– Know where local cell towers are located and assess

your probability of interference– Assess if direct downlink is absolutely required

• Users located inside coordination zones– Assess experiences of users outside coordination zones– You may not be inside a coordination zone tomorrow

• End user equipment manufacturers– Consider filter design and other technical solutions– Consider partnerships with telecoms to jointly develop

procedural and technical solutions 17

PANEL DISCUSSIONQUESTIONS & ANSWERS

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