françois michon - hans böckler stiftung · françois michon cnrs (ces) & ires 2006/06/19. 3-6...

François Michon CNRS (CES) & IRES 1

French Unions and Temporary Agency WorkFrançois [email protected]

CNRS (Centre d’Économie de la Sorbonne) & Institut de Recherches Économiques et Sociales2006/06/19

1 - Introduction2

1-1 Temporary Agency Work (TAW) and the other temporary contracts in France1-2 weakness and strength of unions

François Michon CNRS (CES) & IRES 2006/06/19

1-1 Temporary Agency Work (TAW) and the other temporary contracts in France

3


1-2 the paradoxical situation of French unions

4

a very low rate of unionization < 8% of labor forcea high coverage by collective agreements ± 80%the TAW sector emphasizes this paradox


2 – TAW in France5

2-1 the agency side : a highly concentrated sector2-2 the worker side : young males, blue collars, unskilled


source : CIETT, The agency world industry around the world, 2007 edition.

6

Agency Work penetration rate (%,

2006)Sale Revenues

(billions €, 2006)

France 2,4 20

Germany 1,3 9

Netherlands 2,5 9

UK 4,5 36

Japan 1,9 25

USA 2,0 87François Michon CNRS (CES) & IRES 2006/06/19

2-1 a highly concentrated sector7

Number of Temporary Work Agencies (1996-2006)(source CIETT)

1996 2006

USA 6 200 6 000

UK 5 000 10 500

Japon 9 000 30 600

France 850 1 200

Allemagne 5 058 2 500

Pays Bas 400 2 100


8

1997: the10 bigger firms = 71% or the total revenue of the business2004:

the 4 first (ADECCO, Manpower, Védior-Bis et ADIA) = the same part : 71% of the total revenuethe 2 first ADECCO et Manpower = 46 % of the total revenue (source SETT).


2-2 TAW: Young males, blue collars, unskilled.9

%, full time equivalent, source : DARES, UNEDIC

1995 2006Men

75,3 72,4Women

24,7 27,6All 100 100


2-210


1995 2006< 25 y.o 35,2 31,425-49 y.o. 60,9 61,6≥ 50 3,9 7,0All 100 100


2-211


1995 2000 2004managers 0,3 0,9 1,6intermediates 3,7 5,0 6,4White Collars 15,8 1995 12,7Blue collars skilled 33,5 32,3 36,0

unskilled

46,6 48,3 43,3All 100 100 100


2-3 TAW user sectors12

% (100 = all employed of the sector), full time equivalent, source : DARES, UNEDIC

2000 2006Industry 7,1 7,0Food industry 6,3 7,0Car industry 10,9 8,7

Building construction

7,9 8,8Non industrial sectors

1,5 1,6

All sectors 3,1 3,4


Permanent TAWs or underemployed TAWs ? 13

average length of assigments : 1,9 weeks (source DARES UNEDIC)average accumulated working hours for the year : 7,5 months (source : BVA – FAFtt)average number of agencies used during the year : 2,7 agencies (source : BVA – FAFtt)54% of TAWorkers are employed continuously during the year (source : BVA – FAFtt)


3- French actors facing TAW’s expansion14

3-1 The employers organization3-2 The employers aims3-3 The unions organization3-4 The unions aims3-5 Collective bargaining on TAW issues3-6 The recent national collective bargaining on labour market reform


3-1 the employers organization15

The employeur association is PRISME50 % of firms do not belong to PRISME

they represent only 10% of the total revenue of the sector


3-2 Employers strategies (PRISME strategies)16

the permanent aim : to be respectableto have permanent clients


3-3 unions organisation17

how to organize TAWorkersthe permanent hesitation of French unions


3-4 unions objectives18

the TAW issues do not appear to have prioritythe struggle against precariousness is much more important


3-5 collective bargaining on TAW issues19

1972 : the first law reproduced an agreement Manpower – CGTMany sector-wide agreements supplement the legislative framework : FAF-tt, FPE-tt, FAS-tt, welfare and pension schemesthe September 2005 sector-wide agreement implements the January 2005 social cohesion lawtoday: Agencies as umbrella companies, legislator is currently debating to translate the January 2008 agreement into the labour law


3-6 the recent national collective bargaining on labour market reform (January 2008)

20

no unique labour contractgeneralisation of the initial testing periodthe break off of contracts with individualagreementsthe new « contrat de mission » (« projectcontract »)


4- to conclude21

lack of dynamism of unions on TAW issuesa general opposition to precariousness

but TAW is not the more precariousthere are other urgencies

differenciationsbetween acceptable use, excessive use of TAWbetween confederations (CGT CFDT)between confederations and local unions


françois michon - hans böckler stiftung · françois michon cnrs (ces) & ires 2006/06/19. 3-6...

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