France, Britain, Eastern Europe, Art

France, Britain, Eastern Europe, Art

Europe in 1919Europe in 1919

League of Nations MembersLeague of Nations Members

Washington Naval Conference[1921-1922]

Washington Naval Conference[1921-1922]

U. S. Britain Japan France Italy 5 5 3 1.67 1.67

U. S. Britain Japan France Italy 5 5 3 1.67 1.67

Kellogg-Briand Pact: 1928Kellogg-Briand Pact: 1928

15 nations committed to outlawing aggression and war for settling disputes.

Problem no way of enforcement.

15 nations committed to outlawing aggression and war for settling disputes.

Problem no way of enforcement.

Raymond Poincaré & the Conservative Right

Raymond Poincaré & the Conservative Right He sent French troops into the Ruhr in 1923.

Pushed for large-scale infrastructure reconstruction programs [counting on German reparations to pay for them].

After 1926-29:

• New taxes & tightened tax collections.

• Drastic decline in govt. spending that stabilized the franc [the threat of runaway inflation was avoided!]

He sent French troops into the Ruhr in 1923.

Pushed for large-scale infrastructure reconstruction programs [counting on German reparations to pay for them].

After 1926-29:

• New taxes & tightened tax collections.

• Drastic decline in govt. spending that stabilized the franc [the threat of runaway inflation was avoided!]

Problems in Interwar France

• Severe economic problems• inflation• war debt• cost of building defenses against Germany

The Maginot Line

The Maginot Line

Locarno Pact: 1925Locarno Pact: 1925

GustaveStresemann(Ger.)

GustaveStresemann(Ger.)Aristide

Briand(Fr.)

AristideBriand(Fr.)

Austin Chamberlain (Br.)

Austin Chamberlain (Br.)

Guaranteed the common boundaries of Belgium, France, and Germany as specified in the Treaty of Versailles of 1919.

Germany signed treaties with Poland and Czechoslovakia, agreeing to change the eastern borders of Germany by arbitration only.

Guaranteed the common boundaries of Belgium, France, and Germany as specified in the Treaty of Versailles of 1919.

Germany signed treaties with Poland and Czechoslovakia, agreeing to change the eastern borders of Germany by arbitration only.

Locarno Pact: 1925Locarno Pact: 1925

France Tries to Encircle Germany in Defensive

Alliances

• Czechoslovakia

• Poland

• Romania

• Yugoslavia

• Russia

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Losing Confidence in French Gov’t

due to the Great

Depression

Losing Confidence in French Gov’t

due to the Great

Depression Leon Blum

Popular Front

Partial nationalization

*gov’t attempting to control economy

*unions gain political strength

Leon Blum

Popular Front

Partial nationalization

*gov’t attempting to control economy

*unions gain political strength

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Ramsay MacDonald: 1924, 1929

Ramsay MacDonald: 1924, 1929

Labour PartyLabour Party

Stanley BaldwinStanley Baldwin

Conservative PartyConservative Party

1926 General Strike1926 General Strike

Trades Disputes Act (1927):

All general or sympathy strikes were illegal.

It forbade unions from raising money for political purposes.

Trades Disputes Act (1927):

All general or sympathy strikes were illegal.

It forbade unions from raising money for political purposes.

Irish QuestionsIrish QuestionsEaster Rising 1916

Michael Collins -Irish nationalist

Sinn Fein - Irish nationalist party. Their military branch was the Irish Republican Army (IRA)

1922 Irish Free State - Northern Protestant counties remain w England.

- Catholic Southern counties become Republic of Ireland

Many still want one united country

Easter Rising 1916

Michael Collins -Irish nationalist

Sinn Fein - Irish nationalist party. Their military branch was the Irish Republican Army (IRA)

1922 Irish Free State - Northern Protestant counties remain w England.

- Catholic Southern counties become Republic of Ireland

Many still want one united country

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Eastern Europe Before World War II

Shaky

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George Grosz

Grey Day

(1921)

George Grosz

Grey Day

(1921)

DaDa

George Grosz

The Pillars of Society

(1926)

George Grosz

The Pillars of Society

(1926)

DaDa

Picasso Studio with Plaster Head [1925]

Picasso Studio with Plaster Head [1925]

Cubism

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Guernica by Pablo Picasso 1937This monumental work has eclipsed the bounds of a single time and place, becoming a perpetual reminder of the tragedies of war, an anti-war symbol, and an embodiment of peace.

Georges Braque Still Life LeJeur [1929]

Georges Braque Still Life LeJeur [1929]

Cubism