foundations project

8/4/2019 Foundations Project

1/20

Dorothea Orem

Written By:

Brittany Abernathy

Brittany AbramsMandy Kasperski

Samantha Duda


2/20

Biography

Born in 1914 in Baltimore, Maryland

One of Americas foremost nursing theorists

Father was in construction Mother was a homemaker

Youngest of two daughters


3/20

Education

Diploma in 1930 from Providence Hospital

School of Nursing in Washington, D.C.

BSN (1939) and MSN (1945) from the Catholic

University of America in Washington, D.C.

Doctor of Science from Georgetown University

(1976)

Doctor of Science from Incarnate Word

College in San Antonio, Texas (1980)


4/20

Education contd

Doctor of Humane Letters from Illinois

Wesleyan University in Bloomington, Illinois

(1988)

Doctor Honoris Causae from University of

Missouri-Columbia (1998)


5/20

Accomplishments

6th edition ofNursing: Concepts of Practice

Catholic University of America Alumni

Achievement Award for Nursing Theory

Consultant in the Office of Education, U.S.

Department of Health, Education, and Welfare


6/20

Orems Definition

Since Orems definition of nursing focus was

similar to Virginia Hendersons definition,

many people believe that she developed her

thoughts from Henderson.

Orem clearly stated that her own notions

evolved from her unique experiences and

observations, and were not derived fromHendersons work.


7/20

Orems Definition

Orem does state that there were things thatimpacted her ideas about nursing: practice rolesof staff nurses in medical-surgical and pediatricnursing and assistant director of nursing in a

general hospital. Orem credits herself for her ability to reflect and

search for meaning in nursing both to theseexperiences in nursing and the study of formal

logic and metaphysics, and the ability to see thewhole in nursing situations as important to herconceptualization of the theory.


8/20

Theories

Orem described her work as a general theory

of nursing with three interrelated theories

1. Theory of Self-Care

2. Theory of Self-Care Deficit

3. Theory of Nursing systems

She described her theory as a Grand Theorybut it can be seen as a Middle-range theory


9/20

Where Was Her Theory Developed?

The original ideas developed while serving asa nurse consultant with Indiana State Board ofHealth (1949-1957)

Traveling around the state, she became awareof the ability of nurses to do nursing, but theirinability to talk about nursing

She further developed her ideas while servingas a consultant in the Office of Education, USDepartment of Health, Education, and Welfare


10/20

Where Was Her Theory Developed?

She worked to improve vocational nursingcurriculum, but discovered that she must firstdefine nursing before she could improve parts of

nursing. Orem asked the question: What condition exists

when judgments are made that people neednursing?

The inabilities of people to care for themselvesat times when they need assistance because oftheir state of personal health.


11/20

Orems Definition of Self-Care

Self-care comprises those activities

performed independently by an individual to

promote and maintain personal well being

throughout life.


12/20

Theory Self-Care

All individuals have the potential ability and

motivation necessary to provide care for

themselves and dependents.

However, having the ability or potential does

not mean that all will seek knowledge or take

action.


13/20

Theory of Self-Care

Self care is performed by mature and maturing

individuals

If self care is delivered and performed

deliberately in response to need, it assumes thatthe individual has had time for interaction and

communication to learn about the necessary

action. Infants and children cant meet the requirements

necessary for life because they are not developed


14/20

Theory of Self-Care

Orem describes three components of self care

1. Universal self care needs

2. Developmental self care needs3. Health deviation


15/20

Universal Self-Care Needs

Activities essential to health

Air

Water

FoodElimination

Activity and Rest

Solitude and social interactions

Prevention of harm

Promotion of normality


16/20

Developmental Self-Care Needs

Interventions and teachings that are designed

to return a person to or sustain a level of

optimal health and wellness.

Toilet training a child

Exercising

Healthy diet


17/20

Health Deviation

The variations in self-care resulting from

Disability

Injury

Illness

Responses to injury, illness, and disability are

individualized


18/20

Key Contributions to the Nursing Role

The self-care aspect of Orems theory applies

to the assessment and evaluation of the

nursing process that is practiced today.

Orem emphasized the importance of how

ones own self-care is important for

maintaining life, health, development, and

well being.


19/20

Using Orems Theory in Nursing

In undergraduate nursing curricula the nursing

care plan is one example of how her theory of

self-care can be applied to nursing process.

An example is individualizing care plans for

each and every patient.


20/20

References

Chitty, K.K., & Black, B.P. (2011). Professional

nursing concepts & challenges. Maryland

Heights, MO: Saunders Elsevier.

Hartweg, D.L. (1991). Dorothea orem: self-care

deficit theory.

Nurses.info. (2010, May 20). Retrieved from

http://www.nurses.info/nursing_theory_perso

n_orem_dorothea.htm.

foundations project

Documents