Biological-Psychological

Foundations of Education

Biological-Psychological

Foundations of Education

Foundations of Education

The Learning Process & Theories of

Learning

The Learning Process & Theories of

LearningROY SAPICO CAPANGPANGAN

Presenter ROY SAPICO CAPANGPANGAN

Presenter

How do people come to behave in the way they do?

What is learning?

Learning is any change in a person

or his behavior.

Burton

Learning is modification of inherited

responses and the acquisition of new

experiences.

Freeman

Learning is the modification of the reaction of the organism

through experience.

Covin

Learning is any change that may take

place in one through the influence of the outside world,

whether the influence be persons or things, good or bad.

Thomas

Outcomes of Learning

Knowledge and Information

Outcomes of Learning

Outcomes of Learning

Habits and Skills

Outcomes of Learning

Outcomes of Learning

Attitudes and Appreciation

Outcomes of Learning

Outcomes of Learning

Theories of Learning

Connectionism Theory(Thorndike)

Theories of LearningTheories of Learning

Connectionism Theory

association is established between stimulus and response. Practice strengthens the association between the stimulus and response.

Theories of Learning

Connectionism TheoryThe connection between

stimulus and response is strengthened by reward of satisfaction.

Theories of Learning

Classical or Respondent Conditioning(Ivan Pavlov)

Theories of LearningTheories of Learning

Classical or Respondent Conditioning

the association between a conditioned stimulus and a response is strengthened by repeated presentation with the unconditional stimulus.

Theories of Learning

Instrumental or Operant Conditioning

Theories of LearningTheories of Learning

Instrumental or Operant Conditioning

the stimulus-response pattern is strengthened by immediately following the response with the reinforcing stimulus.

Theories of Learning

Factors Affecting Learning

Motivation the stimulus-response

pattern is strengthened by immediately following the response with the reinforcing stimulus.

Factors Affecting Learning

Reinforcementmay be made through the use of audio-visual aids, review, drills and other means.

Factors Affecting Learning

Extinctionlet something die out or be forgotten by disuse.

Factors Affecting Learning

Associationmeans the more connections are made with a subject, the better it will be learned and retained.

Factors Affecting Learning

Interest facilitates learning and be its own motivation. (interesting lesson)

Factors Affecting Learning

Reward or Punishmentshould be given immediately.

Factors Affecting Learning

Recency means that learning should be made recent in the minds of learners so that they will not forget what they have learned. (frequent review)

Factors Affecting Learning

Laws of Learning consists of the Law of Readiness (learning

is facilitated when the subject is ready for it mentally, physically, emotionally and socially), Law of Exercise (frequent repetition will make the lesson better mastered) and Law of Effect (what is learned under satisfying circumstances will be learned faster and retained longer).

Factors Affecting Learning

Kinds of Learning

Direct Experience

learns through a direct contact with the stimulus.

Kinds of LearningAccording to Pillsbury

Indirect Experience

uses mode, tools/ instruments in order to learn something.

Kinds of LearningAccording to Pillsbury

Congenital

present at birth such as reflex actions.

Kinds of LearningAccording to Burnham

Temporary

learns (needed) in a short while and conveniently forgotten.

Kinds of LearningAccording to Burnham

Permanent

those that will be utilized throughout life.

Kinds of LearningAccording to Burnham

Sensory Learning

learns through the sense of touch. (Braille reading)

Kinds of LearningAccording to Ruch

Verbal Learning

Memorizing poem.

Kinds of LearningAccording to Ruch

Motor Learning

Typing or swimming

Kinds of LearningAccording to Ruch

Ideational Learning

Planning the plot of the story.

Kinds of LearningAccording to Ruch

Attitudinal Learning

Teaching good manners.

Kinds of LearningAccording to Ruch

Management of Learning

Certain rules may be followed in order to study effectively.

Have a fixed place and time for study.

Management of Learning

Certain rules may be followed in order to study effectively.

Remove distractions

Management of Learning

Certain rules may be followed in order to study effectively.

Concentrate

Management of Learning

Certain rules may be followed in order to study effectively.

Read the assignment

Management of Learning

Certain rules may be followed in order to study effectively.

Make use of study tools like the dictionary.

Management of Learning

Certain rules may be followed in order to study effectively.

Space your learning of different subjects so as to avoid inhibition.

Management of Learning

Certain rules may be followed in order to study effectively.

Review

Management of Learning

Implications for Education

People learn in different ways. Teachers should, therefore, use different strategies in teaching.

Management of Learning

Parents and teachers should help children develop good study habits, by supervision.

Management of Learning

Since learning is habit formation, there should be no exception to following the rules of good study habits.

Management of Learning

Drill often on those things that should be automatized or those that will be needed throughout life.

Management of Learning

The learning of any fact or information will be easier the more it is associated with other things. Recall will also be easier.

Management of Learning

Frequent review will prevent forgetting.

Management of Learning

Youth is the time for study.

Management of Learning

Maturity is the time for production.

Management of Learning

Thank you

End of Report