foster and kin care healing the trauma that predisposes youth offending healing the trauma that...
TRANSCRIPT
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Foster and Kin Care
Healing the trauma that predisposes youth
offending
Jill Worrall
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My Experience
• Foster Parent• Foster Care Social worker• Foster Care Programme Manager• University Lecturer and
Researcher• Board Member Youth Horizons
Trust• Board Member Grandparents
Raising Grandchildren Trust
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International Crisis in Care
of troubled children and Youth• Increasing number of children
and young people needing care • Caregivers increasingly difficult
to recruit and retain• Increasingly complex needs of
young people• Need for higher level of caregiver
skill• Increasing costs to maintain care
system.
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Consequences of Crisis
• Placements made in terms of expedience
• High level of caregiver burnout and turnover
• Children and young people experiencing multiple placements and peer contamination
• Increasing number of Abuse Allegations against caregivers
• Problem recruiting and maintaining carers
• International move to placing within Family
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Current Practice Trends• Inclusive Holistic Foster Care
Models- continuity of family
relationships- parenting education in
foster care- re-integration support –
(pre & post)• Supplemental Care vs Substitute
Care• Focus on Attachment Histories• Therapeutic/Treatment Foster
Care• Flexible discharge dates for
young people.
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Current Practice Trends
• Care support responsibility of NGO’s(foster and kin)
• Growth in ‘For-Profit’ agencies• Retainer Fees• Peer supervision and support
projects• Increase in Family care targets
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New Zealand Children Young Persons and their Families Act 1989 S208c
• ‘The principle that, any measures for dealing with offending by children and young persons should be designed :
• i) to strengthen the family, whanau, hapu, iwi and family group of the child/young person concerned
• ii) to foster the ability of families, whanau, hapu, iwi and family groups to develop their own means of dealing with offending by their children and young persons
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CYF Foster Care Statisticsas at June 2008
Foster Care Kin Care
• Maori 47% (n 406) 53% (n 970)
• Pacific Is 41% (n 47)59% (n 137)
• NZ Pakeha 69% (n 1307 )31% (n 937 )
• (Worrall 2008)
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Allegations in Care
• Ohio 1-10 chance – after 5 years 50% chance
• New Zealand – increasing number (NZFFCF report 08).
• Causes– Lack of training– Inadequate carer assessments– Burnout– Over use
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Multi-systemic CausalityYouth Offending
• Individual characteristics• Family Characteristics• Peer relations• School Factors• Community Factors• Therefore, A Need for:• Rigorous Family and Child
Assessments Multi-Systemic Treatment Foster Care
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Professionalisation
• Tiered Frameworks• Compulsory Education/training• Training currency /making it
count• Younger age set• Shorter duration (3-5 years)• Specific field of care (youth,
disability, fragile infants)• Some philosophical resistance
from NGO’s
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Alternative ApproachTiered Structure
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Level One
• Standard Care giving Family Assessment
• Compulsory pre-placement Training
• Compulsory Inservice Foster Care Training programme
• Completion of Certificate in Foster Care
• Standard Board Payments• Attendance at Foster Care
Support Group
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Level Two
• Completion of Foster Care Certificate
• Enhanced Board Payments according to child’s level of difficulties
• On-going in-service training• Peer Supervision/Group
Supervision• Ability to work with child’s
parents if appropriate
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Level Three(Therapeutic Foster Care)
Salaried according to level of expertise
Diploma in Foster Care or higher Board payments according to child’s
needs Intensive on-going training High level of support/supervision Ability to team work with other
professionals (eg therapists, psychologists, teachers).
Ability to implement treatment plans
Ability to work with child’s family –(guardians)
Mentor/trainer of other foster carers
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Whanau/Kin Care study(Worrall 2005)
Issues identified by caregivers:• COMMITMENT! -in spite of:• The difficulty of managing the
behaviour of traumatized children
• The difficulties of dealing with the children’s parents particularly those with drug and alcohol dependence.
• The struggle to manage financially when income has decreased and family needs have significantly increased
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Research Issues (cont)
• The isolation of the caregivers and alienation from their families, in some instances, and their former social communities and supports.
• The complexities of the legal system and the drain on finances and stress levels when having to achieve legal permanence for the children
• Affect of Age - Weariness and need for respite, day care and after school care.
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Web-Site
• The complete report of the GRG study and the Grandparents Raising Grandchildren Handbook
• can be downloaded from: www.raisinggrandchildren.org.nz