form 4 ict notes ls 53-66

8/13/2019 Form 4 ICT Notes Ls 53-66

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73 Form 4 Lesson Notes Part 2 Computer Systems

LESSONFIFTY-THREE: APPLICATIONSOFTWARE ADVANCED

FEATURESOFGRAPHICEDITING

APPLICATION SOFTWARE : GRAPHIC EDITING SOFTWARE

o Graphics Software or graphics editing software is a program that enabes a

person to manipuate !isua images on a computer"

o #$ampes of graphics software are %S Paint& 'dobe (ustrator&

PhotoFitre& 'dobe Photoshop& %acromedia Firewor)s& %acromedia

Freehand and #a*y+raw"

CROP

o (n graphics software& the crop too is used for cropping or cutting pictures

down to si*e"

o ,he re-uired area is seected using the crop too& then the crop is appied to

ea!e .ust the seected area"

PHOTO ENHANCE

o #nhancing pictures aows you to add new and e$citing effects to your

pictures to ma)e them better"

o Photo enhancements incude/

a" Cropping

b" Changing bac)ground

c" Combining eements from two or more pictures

d" 'dding or remo!ing coour

e" 'd.usting or modifying coours and si*e

f" 'dding other specia effects i)e borders or spotights

COMPARISON BETWEEN ADOBE PHOTOSHOP AND THE GIMP

o 'dobe Photoshop and GN0 (mage %anipuation Program 1G(%P are

e$ampes of graphics software which aow users to enhance and retouch

graphics"

o ,he former is proprietary software and is -uite e$pensi!e"

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o #ach copy or icense for 'dobe Photoshop CS that is purchased from

'dobe can ony be instaed on one primary computer and one secondary

computer"

o 0ni)e Photoshop& the G(%P can be instaed on as many machines as you

i)e as it is a free open source software"o Photoshop has an easy to use des)top and user interface"

o ,he oo) of the G(%P is simiar to Photoshop"

o oth empoy toobo$es with understandabe symbos"

o 'nd thus& the G(%P is as easy to use as Photoshop"

o ,he G(%P is comparabe to Photoshop with actua photo editing and

image manipuation toos"

o For e$ampe/

a" +rawing toos b" Cropping toos

c" Coour correction toos d" (mage enhancement toos

e" Layers f" Channes

g" Gradient editor

o 5owe!er& the G(%P does not ha!e a the features i)e 6path and

6actions that Photoshop has"

SUMMARY

o %ost graphics software ha!e features to crop and enhance you images

o Cropping is a process of cutting pictures down to si*e

o #nhancing pictures aows you to add new and e$citing effects to your

picture to ma)e them better

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LESSONFIFTY-FOUR: TYPESANDUSAGESOFUTILITYPROGRAMS

UTILITY PROGRAMS

o

' utility p!"#$ aso )nown as ser!ice program& is a type of systemsoftware that aows a user to perform maintenance9type tas)& usuay

reated to the managing of a computer& its de!ices& or its programs"

o ,hey enhance e$isting functions or pro!ide ser!ices not suppied by other

system software programs"

o %ost computers come with buit9in utiities as part of the system software"

o 5owe!er they may aso be bought separatey as e$terna utiity programs

such as Norton System:or)s and %c'fee 0tiities"

o 0tiity programs incuded with most operating system pro!ide the

foowing functions / managing fies& !iewing images& securing a computer

from unauthori*ed access& uninstaing programs& scanning dis)&

defragmenting dis)& diagnosing probem& bac)ing up fies and dis)& and

setting up screen sa!er"

FILE MANAGER

o Fie manager is the software used to manage fies on a dis)"

o (t pro!ides functions to deete& copy& mo!e& rename and !iew fies as we

as create and manage foders 1directories"

o Fie manager performs the tas)s of formatting and copying dis)s&

dispaying a ist of fies on a storage medium& chec)ing the amount of used

or free space on a storage medium& organising& copying& renaming&

deeting& mo!ing and sorting fies and aso creating shortcuts"

DIAGNOSTIC UTILITY

o ' diagnostic utiity compies technica information about a computer;s

hardware and certain system software programs and then prepares a report

outining any identified probems"

o (nformation in the report assists technica support staff in remedying any

probems"

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7< Form 4 Lesson Notes Part 2 Computer Systems

DIS% DEFRAGMENTER

o :hen an operating system stores data on a dis)& it paces the data in the

first a!aiabe sector on the dis)"

o (t attempts to pace data in sectors that are contiguous but this is not

aways possibe"

o :hen the contents of a fie are scattered across two or more non9

contiguous sectors& the fie is fragmented"

o ,he process of defragmentation is the reorgani*ing of the dis) so the fies

are store in contiguous sectors"

o ' fragmented dis) has many fies stored in non9contiguous sectors"

o +efragmenting reorgani*es the fies so they are ocated in contiguoussectors& which speeds access time"

SMALL UTILITY PROGRAMS

o 'n i$#"& 'i&(&dispays& copies& and prints the contents of a graphics

fie"

o ' p&)!*#l +i&(#lldetects and protects a computer form unauthori*ed

intrusions"

o 'n u*i*)t#ll&remo!es a program and any associated entries in the

system fies"

o ' ),&&* )#'&dispays a mo!ing image or ban) screen if no )eyboard or

mouse acti!ity occurs for a specified time"

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LESSONFIFTY-FIVE: MORETYPESANDUSAGESOFUTILITY

PROGRAMS

o ' utiity program is a type of system software that aows a user to

perform maintenance9type tas)s"

o :e wi oo) at more utiity programs that users commony use"

o ,hey are the/

a" bac)up utiity

b" data disco!ery program

c" !irus protection program 1anti!irus

d" data compressor

e" dis) scanner

f" dis) ceanup utiity

BAC%UP UTILITY

o ac)up utiity aows users to copy or bac) up& seected fies or an entire

hard dis) to another storage medium"

o (t is important because the program aows user to retrie!e data if the hard

dri!e fais and there are no more programs or fies that can function"

o #$ampe / Norton Ghost from Symantec

DATA RECOVERY

o ' data reco!ery utiity is used to restore the data that has been physicay

damaged or corrupted"

o

+ata can be damaged by !iruses& bad software& hardware faiure& powerfuctuations that occur whie data is being written or recorded"

ANTIVIRUS PROTECTION

o (t is essentia that you insta anti!irus software" 'nti!irus software is a

utiity program that scans the hard dis)s& foppy dis) and memory to detect

!iruses"

o Some utiities destroy the !irus on the spot" =thers notify you of a possibe

!ira beha!iour"

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7> Form 4 Lesson Notes Part 2 Computer Systems

o #$ampe/ Norton 'nti!irus& %c'fee;s ?irusScan"

VIRUS PROTECTION

o 'nti!irus utiities normay oo) for !irus signatures to identify a !irus"

o 0sers of anti!irus utiities must update the !irus definition fies as often as

possibe to ensure that such fies contain patterns for newy disco!ered!iruses"

o (f an anti!irus utiity cannot remo!e the !irus& it often -uarantines the

infected fie in a separate area of a hard dis) unti the !irus can be

remo!ed"

o %ost anti!irus utiities can create a reco!ery dis) to remo!e or repair

infected programs and fies"

o (n e$treme cases& a hard dis) may need to be reformatted to remo!e a

!irus"

DATA COMPRESSION

o +ata compression utiity is a utiity that remo!es redundant eements& gaps

and unnecessary data from a computer;s storage space so that ess space is

re-uired to store or transmit data"

o :ith the increasing use of arge graphics& sound& and !ideo fies& data

compression is necessary both to reduce the storage space re-uired and to

reduce the time re-uired to transmit such arge fies o!er a networ)"

o Compressed fies are sometimes caed *ipped fies because they usuay

ha!e a "@(P e$tension"

o ' compressed fie must be un*ipped or restored to its origina form before

being used"

o ,wo popuar fie compression utiities are PA@(P and :in@ip"

DIS% SCANNER AND DIS% CLEANUP

o ,hese utiities detect and correct certain types of common probems on

hard dis) and foppies and search for and remo!e unnecessary fies& such

as temporary fies or temp fies"

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7B Form 4 Lesson Notes Part 2 Computer Systems

o oth windows and the appications you run create temp fies needed ony

for short tas)s and system restore after certain types of system probems"

,hese fies are stored in the ,emp foder"

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> Form 4 Lesson Notes Part 2 Computer Systems

LESSONFIFTY-SI: PROPRIETARYANDOPENSOURCESOFTWARE

o :hat is a Linu$D

o :hat is an %S9+=SD

o Linu$ and %S9+=S are operating systems but what is the differencebetween themD

PROPRIETARY SOFTWARE

o Proprietary software is aso caed cosed source software"

o ,he cosed source software or proprietary software offers a stabe system

with support if the software fais or mafunction"

o #$ampes of proprietary software are

a" %S9+=S b" %ac =S c" 0N(E d" Soaris

o (t is usuay controed by a singe company& on which you are dependent

for upgrades and fi$es"

OPEN-SOURCE SOFTWARE

o Software whose icense permits anyone to use it for any reason& as we as

access& modify& copy& and distribute modified copies of the source code"

o =pen source software pro!ided is for use& modification and redistribution"

o Software that any programmer can downoad from the (nternet for free and

modify with suggested impro!ements"

o ,he ony -uaification is that changes can;t be copyrighted"

o ,his software is !ery popuar because this software is not cosed software

any programmer can ma)e impro!ements which can resut in better -uaity

software"

o #$ampes of open source software/

a" Linu$ is the popuar muti9tas)ing 0N(E type operating system"Some !ersions of Linu$ are command ine" =thers are G0("

b" Linu$ is a free !ersion of 0N(E and its continua impro!ements resutfrom the efforts of tens or thousands of !ounteer programmers" (t is

originay buit for use on the (nternet"

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> Form 4 Lesson Notes Part 2 Computer Systems

c" ,he two most popuar G0(s a!aiabe for Linu$ are GN=%# andA+#"

d" %any appication programs& utiities and pugins ha!e Linu$ !ersionsincuding =pen=ffice"org& P5P9Nu)e& %o*ia& ,he G(%P& Cam'?&

=penL+'P& 'udacity and Hed5at"

e" 0sers can obtain Linu$ in a !ariety of ways" Some downoad it forfree from the web" =thers purchase it from !endors"

COMPARING THREE MA.OR OPERATING SYSTEMS

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>2 Form 4 Lesson Notes Part 2 Computer Systems

LESSONFIFTY-SEVEN: ADVANTAGESANDDISADVANTAGESOF

PROPRIETARYSOFTWARE

o ?endors of proprietary software say 6)eeping the source code cosed ma)e

their product more secured"

o Aeeping the source code cosed might deter some hac)ers& but the arge

number of successfu attac)s against :indows and other proprietary

software pro!es that it certainy does not pro!ide any )ind of high e!e

security"

o

,here are ad!antages and disad!antages of proprietary software from theperspecti!es of both the manufacturer and the user"

ADVANTAGES OF PRODUCING PROPRIETARY SOFTWARE

5ere are some ad!antages to the company that produces proprietary software"

o ,he producing company creates software that must be purchased in order

to be instaed and used& thus gi!ing room for profit"

o ,he company can set imit to the icense of use" ,his wi aow thecompany to contro and monitor the instaation and distribution of the

software sod"

ADVANTAGES OF USING PROPRIETARY SOFTWARE

,he ad!antages of using proprietary software are/

o ,he software offers a stabe system support it if fais or mafunctions"

,his is usuay a!aiabe onine and offine"o ,he software is safe and guaranteed to be safe from dubious threats i)e

programming bugs and !iruses thus pro!iding ease of mind for the user"

o ,he software is easier to insta and used as the production is panned and

e$tensi!e research is carried out to ensure users purchase ony the best"

o Free updates and atest information on the software are usuay pro!ided to

the users"

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DISADVANTAGES OF PRODUCING PROPRIETARY SOFTWARE

+isad!antages of producing proprietary software are/

o %anufacturers are often under massi!e amounts of pressure to reease the

software before it is ready& causing ma.or probems ater" ,his is because

the reease of software woud affect the profit"

o Security is a ma.or issue" %anufacturers wi ha!e to in!est in an ongoing

research against threats from hac)ers"

DISADVANGES OF USING PROPRIETARY SOFTWARE

+isad!antages to users using proprietary software are/

o 0sers need to spend a ong time downoading and instaing security

patches to fi$ bugs announced by the manufacturer"

o 'ny impro!ements woud usuay re-uire fees& which is often e$pensi!e"

o 0sers are not aowed to distribute and share the software as they are

icensed"

o Customi*ing the software is neary impossibe as users do not ha!e access

to the programming codes because when users buy proprietary software

they wi recei!e a binary !ersion of the program& not the code& as the codeis the manufacturer;s trade secret"

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LESSONFIFTY-EIGHT: ADVANTAGESANDDISADVANTAGESOFOPEN

SOURCESOFTWARE

o 5a!e you heard about Linu$D

o Linu$ is one of the fastest growing operating system"

o Linu$ is an e$ampe of open source software& which means& its code is

pro!ided for use& modification and redistribution"

o ,here are other open source software& such as Firefo$ and G(%P"

o (n addition to the basic operating system& Linu$ aso incudes many free

utiity programs"

o 0sers obtain Linu$ in a

!ariety of ways" Some

downoad it free from

the web" =thers purchase

it from !endors for a

minima fee"

o ,here are aso open

source browsers such asFirefo$ and open source

image editor I the

G(%P"

o ,he G(%P is !ery

reiabe and cost effecti!e for norma users who do not need the e$tra

features offered in other graphics software such as 'dobe Photoshop"

ADVANTAGES OF OPEN SOURCE SOFTWARE

Some ad!antages of open source software/

o ,he source codes are a!aiabe to users and they ha!e the rights to modify

them

o ,his wi aow impro!ements to the software without ha!ing to in!est

arge sums of money in research and de!eopment

o ,he modified and impro!ed source codes can be freey redistributed

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MORE ADVANTAGES OF OPEN SOURCE SOFTWARE

o ,he open source software is created according to industry demands but

aows for upgrades to ta)e pace freey when the need arises"

o ,herefore& if bugs in the codes are found& they can be fi$ed by anyone

interested and capabe"

o Fi$es and patches to rectify the bugs are rapidy de!eoped"

o ,he software can be used in any way and for any ega purposes"

o ,here is no restriction in a uniatera way on how the software coud be

used"

DISADVANTAGES OF OPEN SOURCE SOFTWAREo Since nobody in particuar is responsibe for the codes& there is no e$act

)nowedge and assurance on when the codes are going to be fi$ed if there

are bugs in it"

o ,hus& users wi ha!e to use the probematic software unti someone

rectifies the probem"

MORE DISADVANTAGES OF OPEN SOURCE SOFTWARE

=ther disad!antages of open source software are/

o ,he codes are too compicated for no!ice users to understand"

o ,here is no particuar officia monitoring the wor)s of a programmer

impro!ing the codes"

o ,his is because anyone is free to use& modify or e!en distribute the codes"

o =pen source software usuay comes without warranty and after saessupport shoud the software fai or mafunction"

o ,his is because the software is usuay distributed free of charge or sod

for !ery minima fees"

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>< Form 4 Lesson Notes Part 2 Computer Systems

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LESSONSITY-SI: PERVASIVECOMPUTING

o ,here are many technoogicay ad!anced

de!ices in!ented to hep in our daiy chores"

o %any of these technoogicay ad!anced de!icesha!e begun to be a part of our daiy i!es"

WHAT IS PERVASIVE COMPUTING

o Per!asi!e computing means the technoogy that

is gracefuy integrated in our e!ery day ife"

,he user is no onger aware of this embedded

technoogy"

o Per!asi!e computing uses web technoogy&

portabe de!ices& wireess communications and

nomadic or ubi-uitous computing systems"

o =ther terms for per!asi!e computing are

0bi-uitous Computing& Cam ,echnoogy& and

,hings that ,hin)"

o Per!asi!e computing de!ices are not persona

computers& but !ery tiny I e!en in!isibe9de!ices& either mobie or embedded in amost

any type of ob.ect imaginabe& incuding cars&

toos& appiances& cothing and !arious

consumer goods 9 a communicating through

interconnected networ)s"

o #$pert predict per!asi!e computing in year

2 wi become so naturai*ed within the

en!ironment that peope wi not e!en reai*e

that they are using

computers"

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>> Form 4 Lesson Notes Part 2 Computer Systems

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>B Form 4 Lesson Notes Part 2 Computer Systems

EAMPLES OF PERVASIVE COMPUTING

o 'n e$ampe of per!asi!e computing in our daiy i!es is the automatic

,ouch Jn Go Smart,ag to gate"

o 'nother e$ampe of per!asi!e computing in daiy i!es is the 3G

technoogy !ideo phone"

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form 4 ict notes ls 53-66

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