for nanotechnology (uc cein) nsf: ef 0830117 · 2013. 2. 7. · uc center for environmental...

University of California

Center for Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology (UC CEIN)

NSF: EF‐0830117

Annual Report Year 2

April 1, 2009 – March 31, 2010

UC Center for Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology Annual Report 2010

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

1. NSF Cover Page ‐

2. Table of Contents 1

3. Project Summary 2

4. List of Center Participants, Advisory Boards, Participating Institutions 3

5. Quantifiable Outputs (Table 1) 8

6. Mission and Broader Impacts 9

7. Highlights 13

8. Strategic Research Plan 30

9. Research Program, Accomplishments, and Plans 33

Table 2 – NSEC Program Support 71

10. Center Diversity – Progress and Plans 72

11. Education 74

Table 3a – Education Program Participants – All 79

Table 3b – Education Program Participants – US Citizen/PR 80

12. Outreach and Knowledge Transfer 81

13. Shared and Experimental Facilities 96

14. Personnel 102

Table 4A – NSEC Personnel – All 106

Table 4B – NSEC Personnel – US Citizen/PR 108

15. Publications and Patents 110

16. Biographical Information 112

17. Honors and Awards 117

18. Fiscal Section

a. Statement of Unobligated Funds 117

b. Budget 117

19. Cost Sharing 139

20. Leverage 139

Table 5 – Other Support 140

Table 6 – Partnering Institutions 141

21. Current and Pending Support – PIs and Thrust Leaders 142


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3. Project Summary The goal of the University of California Center for Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology (UC CEIN) is to develop a broad‐based model of predictive toxicology and risk ranking premised on selected nanomaterial property‐activity relationships that determine fate, transport, exposure as well as biological injury at molecular, cellular, organismal, and ecosystems levels. The integrated and multidisciplinary research effort, assisted by a computerized expert system, will help to establish multi‐media modeling and safe implementation of nanotechnology in the environment. UC CEIN has successfully integrated the expertise of engineers, chemists, colloid and material scientists, ecologists, marine biologists, cell biologists, bacteriologists, toxicologists, computer scientists, and social scientists to create the predictive scientific platform that will inform us about the possible hazards and safe design of nanomaterials (NMs) in the environment. This predictive scientific model is carried out by seven interdisciplinary research groups (IRGs): IRG 1: NM Standard Reference and Combinatorial Libraries and Physical‐chemical Characterization; IRG 2: Studying NMs Interactions at the Molecular, Cellular, Organ, and System Levels; IRG 3: Organismal and Community Ecotoxicology; IRG 4: Nanoparticle Fate and Transport; IRG 5: High‐Throughput Screening (HTS), Data Mining, and Quantitative‐Structure Relationships for NM Properties and Nanotoxicity; IRG 6: Modeling of the Environmental Multimedia NM Distribution and Toxicity; IRG 7: Risk Perception of Potential Environmental Impacts of Nanotechnology.

In our second year of operation, the national and international profile of the UC CEIN has been raised further as a key resource for NanoEHS research, protocol development, knowledge dissemination and contributing to policy making. Currently, there are 43 active research projects across the IRGs, all linked to the central goals of the Center. Noteworthy accomplishments in this period include the expansion of our combinatorial libraries (metal oxides, SWCNT, metals, clays) to include 60 variants of nanoparticles that are in various stages of characterization and introduction into environmental studies (IRG 1). We have successfully demonstrated the validity of the hierarchical oxidative stress paradigm for nanoparticles with varying chemistries and have developed a multi‐parametric rapid throughput screening assay to compare the oxidative stress responses of CeO2, TiO2, ZnO (IRG 2 &5). Related environmental studies demonstrate that ZnO is very toxic to the development of sea urchin and zebrafish embryos, with effects seen at concentrations 10‐100 times less than previously reported in aquatic systems (IRG 3). Work with metal oxide NPs has shown that they can be stabilized in freshwater systems by environmentally relevant capping agents that can influence their transport to the environment as well as introducing the particles other environmental compartments such as estuaries and seawater (IRG 4). Studies using zebrafish embryos as a potential in vivo high content screening mechanism have been undertaken on a range of CEIN library NMs, with some of the metal and metal oxide nanoparticles yielding similar response outcomes as revealed by the rapid throughput screening assays (IRG 5). NP aggregation modeling has provided information on the expected size distribution of NP suspensions under various environmental and experimental conditions, supplying crucial information for the design of experimental protocols to assess transport pathways pertinent to modeling activities of the Center (IRG 6). Data from the nearly completed Industry Perception and Practices survey will be put to use to help UC CEIN tailor industry outreach programs that focus on ENM and the environment (IRG 7). Our Education and outreach efforts have expanded considerably in the second year as we integrate community and K‐12 educational efforts, expand online offerings of environmental nanotechnology courses, and play a visible role in the advising the regulatory efforts undertaken at the state and federal level (Education and Outreach). This includes participation in the PCAST review of NNI, the Nano2 workshops developing a future vision for nanotechnology as well as participating in bi‐national nanotechnology forums.

In the coming year, we will expand our research activities to incorporate additional NM libraries into our environmental studies. Moreover, we are hosting and co‐sponsoring the Second International Meeting, play a leading role in the NNI Nano2 initiative, and expanding our collaborations and with researchers nationally, internationally, and influencing State and Federal policy decisions.


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4. Center Participants, Advisory Boards, and Participating Institutions Center Participants Participants Receiving Center Support Faculty: Kenneth Bradley UCLA Assistant Professor, Microbiology Jeffrey Brinker University of New Mexico/Sandia Professor, Chemical/Nuclear Engineering Bradley Cardinale UC Santa Barbara Assistant Professor, Ecology Evolution, Marine Biology Gary Cherr UC Davis Professor, Environmental Toxicology/Nutrition Yoram Cohen UCLA Professor, Chemical Engineering Curtis Eckhert UCLA Professor, Environmental Health Sciences William Freudenberg UC Santa Barbara Professor, Environmental Studies and Sociology Jorge Gardea‐Torresdey University of Texas, El Paso Professor, Chemistry Hilary Godwin UCLA Professor, Environmental Health Sciences Robert Haddon UC Riverside Professor, Chemistry Barbara Herr Harthorn UC Santa Barbara Associate Professor, Women’s Studies/Anthropology Eric Hoek UCLA Associate Professor, Civil & Environmental Engineering Patricia Holden UC Santa Barbara Professor, Environmental Microbiology Milind Kandlikar University of British Colombia Assistant Professor, Institute for Global Issues Arturo Keller UC Santa Barbara Professor, Environmental Biogeochemistry Hunter Lenihan UC Santa Barbara Associate Professor, Marine Biology Alex Levine UCLA Assistant Professor, Chemistry and BioChemistry Shuo Lin UCLA Professor, Molecular, Cell, & Developmental Biology Lutz Madler University of Bremen Professor, Materials Science Timothy Malloy UCLA Professor, Law Andre Nel UCLA Professor, Medicine; Chief, Division of NanoMedicine Roger Nisbet UC Santa Barbara Professor, Ecology, Evolution, Marine Biology Robert Rallo Universitat Roriv i Virgili/UCLA Associate Professor, Chemical Engineering Theresa Satterfield University of British Colombia Associate Professor, Institute of Resources Joshua Schimel UC Santa Barbara Professor, Ecology, Evolution, Marine Biology Ponisseril Somasundaran Columbia University Professor, Materials Science Galen Stucky UC Santa Barbara Professor, Chemistry and Biochemistry Donatello Telesca UCLA Assistant Professor, Biostatistics Sharon Walker UC Riverside Assistant Professor, Chemical and Environmental Eng. Jeffrey Zink UCLA Professor, Chemistry and Biochemistry Research Staff: Irina Chernyshova Columbia University Robert Damoiseaux UCLA Anna Davison UC Santa Barbara Helen Dickson UC Santa Barbara Aoergele Fnu UCLA Bryan France UCLA Jennifer Gowan UC Santa Barbara Sean Hecht UCLA Susan Jackson UC Davis Zhao Ivy Ji UCLA Ya‐Hsuan Liou UC Santa Barbara Marianne Maggini UC Santa Barbara Delia Milliron Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Taleb Mokari Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Jose Peralta‐Videa University of Texas, El Paso Dad Roux‐Michollet UC Santa Barbara


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David Schoenfeld UCLA Carol Vines UC Davis Hongtuo Wang UC Santa Barbara Tian Xia UCLA Postdoctoral Researchers: Bryan Cole UC Davis Gwen D’Arcangelis UC Santa Barbara Guadalupe De La Rosa University of Texas, El Paso Xiaohua Fang Columbia University Yuan Ge UC Santa Barbara Saji George UCLA Nalinkanth Ghone UCLA Debraj Ghosh UCLA Yongsuk Hong UC Santa Barbara Chia‐Hung Hou UC Santa Barbara Angela Ivask UCLA Xingmao Jiang Sandia National Labs Xue Jin UCLA Mikael Johansson UC Santa Barbara Sanaz Kabehie UCLA Irina Kalinina UC Riverside Myungman Kim UCLA Hiroaki Kiyoto UC Santa Barbara Tin Klanjscek UC Santa Barbara Chris Knoll UC Santa Barbara Konrad Kulacki UC Santa Barbara Minghua Li UCLA Rong Liu UCLA Martha Lopez University of Texas, El Paso Huan Meng UCLA Robert Miller UC Santa Barbara Sumitra Nair UCLA Sandip Niyogi UC Riverside Manuel Orosco UCLA Suman Pokhrel University of Bremen John Priester UC Santa Barbara Elizabeth Suarez UCLA Won Suh UC Santa Barbara Reginald Thio UC Santa Barbara Raja Vukanti UC Santa Barbara Xiang Wang UCLA Haiyuan Zhang UCLA Lijuan Zhao University of Texas, El Paso Yan Zhao UCLA Graduate Students: Barbora Bakajova UC Santa Barbara Lynn Baumgartner UC Santa Barbara Christian Beaudrie University of British Columbia Samuel Bennet UC Santa Barbara Benjamin Carr UC Santa Barbara


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Savanna Carson UCLA Eunshil Choi UCLA Kabir Chopra UCLA Indranil Chowdhury UC Riverside Kristin Clark UC Santa Barbara Mary Collins UC Santa Barbara Alyssa de la Rosa University of Texas, El Paso Laura De Vries University of British Columbia Cassandra Engeman UC Santa Barbara Elise Fairbairn UC Davis Daniel Ferris UCLA Allison Fish UC Santa Barbara Shannon Hanna UC Santa Barbara Jose Hernandez‐Viezcas University of El Paso, Texas Allison Horst UC Santa Barbara Carlin Hsueh UCLA Zongxi Li UCLA Monty Liong UCLA Haoyang Haven Liu UCLA Catalina Marambio‐Jones UCLA John Meyerhofer UC Santa Barbara Randy Mielke UC Santa Barbara Trina Patel UCLA Satish Ponnurangam Columbia University April Sawvell UC Santa Barbara Alia Servin University of Texas, El Paso Sharona Sokolow UCLA Sirikarn Surawanvijit UCLA Courtney Thomas UCLA Pria Vytla UC Santa Barbara Rebecca Werlin UC Santa Barbara Tristan Winneker UC Santa Barbara Kimberly Worsley UC Riverside Kristin Yamada UCLA Yichi Zhang UC Santa Barbara Dongxu Zhou UC Santa Barbara Undergraduate Students: Adeyemi Adeleye UC Santa Barbara Nicolai Archuleta UC Santa Barbara Rebecca Britt Armenta University of Texas, El Paso Gwen Christiansen UC Santa Barbara Maia Colyar UC Santa Barbara Jon Conway UC Santa Barbara Stephen Crawford UC Santa Barbara Vivian Do UCLA Ryo Furukawa UCLA Arjan Gower UC Santa Barbara Ryan Honda UC Riverside Edward Hu UC Santa Barbara Casey Leavitt UC Santa Barbara Leuh Yang Liao UCLA Erica Linard UC Santa Barbara


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Angela Liu UCLA Kristin Matulich UC Santa Barbara Ariel Miller UC Santa Barbara Alex Moreland UC Santa Barbara Fabiola Moreno University of Texas, El Paso Michelle Oishi UCLA Scott Pease UC Santa Barbara David Pierra UC Santa Barbara Gabriel Rubio UC Santa Barbara Esther Shin UC Davis Nancy Teng UC Santa Barbara Kari Varin UCLA High School Students (Interns): Courtney Kwan UC Santa Barbara Staff/Administration: David Avery UCLA Raven Bier UC Santa Barbara John Chae UCLA Mariae Choi UCLA Julie Dillemuth UC Santa Barbara Kristin Duckett UC Santa Barbara Catherine Nameth UCLA Nancy Neymark UCLA Affiliated Participants, Not Receiving Center Support Faculty: Carolyn Bertozzi UC Berkeley/Lawrence Berkeley Lab Professor, Chemistry, Molecular/Cell Biology Freddy Boey Nanyang Technological University Professor, Materials Science Engineering Kenneth Dawson University College Dublin Professor, Physical Chemistry Francesc Giralt Universitat Rovira I Virgili Professor, Chemical Engineering Jordi Grifoll Universitat Rovira I Virgili Associate Professor, Chemical Engineering Joachim Loo Nanyang Technological University Assistant Professor, Materials Engineering Nick Pidgeon Cardiff University Professor, Applied Psychology Postdoctoral Researchers: Sijing Xiong Nanyang Technological University Graduate Students: Xinxin Zhao Nanyang Technological University External Science Advisory Committee Pedro Alvarez Rice University Professor, Engineering Ahmed Busnaina Northeastern University Professor, Engineering; Director, HRNM Sharon Dunwoody University of Wisconsin‐Madison Professor, Journalism/Mass Communication Menachem Elimelech Yale University Professor, Chemical Engineering C. Michael Garner Intel Corporation Program Manager, Emerging Materials Res. James Hutchison University of Oregon Professor, Assoc. VP, Research Fred Klaessig Pennsylvania Bio Nano Systems Julia Moore Woodrow Wilson International Center Deputy Director, PEN Kent Pinkerton UC Davis Director, Center for Health/Environment David Rejeski Woodrow Wilson International Center Director, PEN


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Ron Turco Purdue University Professor, Agronomy Isiah Warner Louisiana State University Professor, Environmental Chemistry Jeff Wong Department of Toxic Substances Control Deputy Director, Science Academic Participating Institutions Cardiff University Columbia University Nanyang Technological University Universitat Rovira I Virgili University of Bremen University of British Colombia University of California, Los Angeles University of California, Santa Barbara University of California, Davis University of California, Riverside University College Dublin University of New Mexico University of Texas, El Paso Non Academic Participating Institutions California Science Center Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory Sandia National Laboratory Santa Monica Public Library

Table 1: Quantifiable Outputs - Draft ReportNSEC Center: CEIN: Predictive Toxicology Assessment and Safe Implementation of Nanotechnology in the Environment

Outputs Reporting Year -4 Reporting Year -3 Reporting Year -2 Reporting Year -1 Reporting Year Total

Publications Resulted From NSEC Support

In Peer Reviewed Technical Journals 0 0 0 12 27 39

In Peer Reviewed Conference Proceedings 0 0 0 0 1 1

In Trade Journals 0 0 0 0 0 0

With Multiple Authors 0 0 0 12 27 39

Multiple Authors: Co-Authored With NSEC Faculty 0 0 0 12 27 39

NSEC Technology Transfer

Inventions Disclosed 0 0 0 0 0 0

Patents Filed 0 0 0 0 0 0

Patents Awarded 0 0 0 0 0 0

Patents Licensed 0 0 0 0 0 0

Software Licensed 0 0 0 0 0 0

Spin-off Companies Started (if applicable) 0 0 0 0 0 0

Degrees to NSEC Students

Bachelor's Degrees Granted 0 0 0 0 0 0

Master's Degrees Granted 0 0 0 0 2 2

Doctoral Degrees Granted 0 0 0 0 1 1

NSEC Graduates Hired by

Industry 0 0 0 0 0 0

NSEC participating firms 0 0 0 0 0 0

Other U.S. Firms 0 0 0 0 0 0

Government 0 0 0 0 0 0

Academic Institutions 0 0 0 0 2 2

Other 0 0 0 0 0 0

Unknown 0 0 0 0 0 0

NSEC Influence on Curriculum (if applicable)

New Courses Based on NSEC Research 0 0 0 0 1 1

Courses Modified to Include NSEC Research 0 0 0 0 6 6

New Textbooks Based on NSEC Research 0 0 0 0 0 0

Free-standing Course Modules or Instructional CDs 0 0 0 0 0 0

New Full Degree Programs 0 0 0 0 0 0

New Degree Minors or Minor Emphases 0 0 0 0 0 0

New Certificate 0 0 0 0 0 0

Information Dissemination/Educational Outreach

Workshops, Short Courses to Industry 0 0 0 0 1 1

Workshops, Short Courses to Others 0 0 0 0 2 2

Seminars, Colloquia, etc. 0 0 0 49 211 260

World Wide Web courses 0 0 0 3 1 4

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6. Mission Statement The mission of the University of California Center for Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology (UC CEIN) is to ensure that nanotechnology is introduced in a responsible and environmentally compatible manner, thereby allowing the US and International Communities to leverage the benefits of nanotechnology for global economic and social benefit. This mission is being accomplished by developing a broad‐based predictive toxicology model premised on quantitative structure–activity relationships (QSARs) as determined by looking at nanomaterial injury mechanisms at cellular, tissue, organism and mesocosm levels. Since its founding in September 2008, the UC CEIN has successfully integrated the expertise of engineers, chemists, colloid and material scientists, ecologists, marine biologists, cell biologists, bacteriologists, toxicologists, computer scientists, and social scientists to create the predictive scientific platform that will inform us about the possible risks and safe design of nanomaterials (NMs) that may come into contact with the environment.

The key components of the predictive scientific model include: (i) the establishment of nanomaterial libraries based on a consideration of production volumes and the material types most likely to come into contact with the environment; (ii) nanomaterial distribution in the environment, as governed by modes of release, physicochemical and transport properties, interactions with biological substrates, and bioaccumulation; (iii) representative ecological life forms serving as early sentinels to monitor the spread and bio‐accumulation of hazardous nanomaterials; (iv) biological screening allowing QSARs to be developed based on the bio‐physicochemical properties of nanomaterials; (v) HTS of the standard reference and combinatorial nanomaterial libraries; and (vi) a computational expert system providing model predictions. These research activities are being combined with educational programs to inform the public, future generations of scientists, public agencies, and industrial stakeholders of the importance of safe implementation of nanotechnology in the environment. The overall impact will be to reduce uncertainty about the possible consequences of nanomaterials in the environment, while at the same time providing guidelines for their safe design to prevent environmental hazard.

Broader Impacts Traditional and current toxicity testing in humans and the natural environment is heavily dependent on a complex set of whole‐animal‐based toxicity testing strategies. This approach, while a time‐honored hazard assessment tool, is unlikely to handle the rapid pace at which nanotechnology‐based enterprises are generating new materials. The UC CEIN is addressing these challenges of scale by using a scientific platform that can perform high content and high throughput screening to generate the domains of knowledge that are required to make predictions about the impact of nanotechnology on the environment. This knowledge is also being used for making predictions and implementing the safe design of nanomaterials. The UC CEIN’s creation of a comprehensive computational expert system is assisting hazard ranking and risk predictions of nanomaterial impact on the environment for the global society. Our educational and outreach activities are being used as powerful portals for the dissemination of our research findings and predictions to the scientific and industrial communities. Our outreach activities are informing both experts and the public at large about the safety issues surrounding nanotechnology and how to safely produce, use, and dispose NMs. Significant Advances Since April 1, 2009:

UC CEIN has played a national leadership role in NanoEHS through participating in the PCAST review of NNI NanoEHS initiatives, assisting Senator Feinstein’s office in review of the NanoEHS bill, playing a lead role on NanoEHS in the Nano2 initiative exploring the vision for Nanotechnology in the next 10 years, and through the Principal Investigator acting as session chair for NanoEHS in the US‐Russia Experts Meeting on Nanotechnology. The UC CEIN has also


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participated in the RC2 research efforts launched by the NIEHS with stimulus‐package funding and has helped to design round robin testing of ENM using protocols developed by the UC CEIN.

The first library of metal oxides (TiO2, Ce02 and ZnO) have been obtained, characterized, and distributed to laboratories across the CEIN. A second set of libraries is currently being introduced (SWNCT, Au, Ag, CdSe, silica, clays). The current library includes 60 different types of nanoparticles, with characterization in process for 25 new nanoparticles. The compositional and property variation of the library materials have allowed us to obtain new information about material properties involved in toxicology and fate and transport. (IRG 1).

Characterization of dispersion of commercial particles in our library in six different biologically relevant media (tissue culture, bacterial culture, and yeast culture) has been conducted. A highly efficient method of dispersing particles was identified (fetal bovine serum) and the effect of ions in the media on the dispersion was systematically investigated. This protocol is now being used in round robin testing being conducted in other national programs in addition to the CEIN (IRG 1).

Successful demonstration of the oxidative stress hierarchical paradigm for nanoparticles with varying chemistries and physicochemical characteristics to revel the dose‐response relationships between particle parameters and elicitation of biological response consistent with oxidative stress (using CeO2, TiO2, ZnO) (IRG 2).

As an exercise in safe design, doping ZnO with Fe has been found to significantly reduce ZnO NP toxicity in mammalian cell. Screening for toxicity of these and other safe designed NPs can now be rapidly performed by rapid throughput screening that promises early delivery of data suitable for expert model development (IRG 2).

Bacterial toxicity research conducted shows that ZnO and CeO2 inhibit growth more than TiO2. We are currently evaluating hypotheses for mechanisms and methods for testing differences between gram positive and gram negative strains (IRG 2).

Studies examining the effects of exposure to Quantum Dots (CdSe) across trophic levels show the potential impact of the biomagnifications of these NP through the lower trophic levels, which could implicate an even more extreme condition at higher trophic levels, including fish and mammals (IRG 2/3).

Early studies have revealed that ZnO is very toxic to the development of sea urchin embryos. Effects are seen at concentrations that are approximately 10‐100 times smaller than those previously reported for aquatic systems. (IRG 3).

Mesocosm work, conducted in collaboration with DEB modeling, progressed in plant, freshwater and terrestrial soil groups to test not only the effects of ENM on population processes, but also trophic transfer and bioaccumulation. We found strong evidence in aquatic systems that ZnO is significantly toxic to primary producers, mainly through dissolution of Zn and exposure of the organisms to ionic Zn. There is little evidence that TiO2 is toxic to aquatic primary producers (IRG 3).


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Fresh water ecology studies are underway to develop a predictive model that explains how the diversity of species in a freshwater food‐web influences the accumulation of nanomaterials in higher trophic levels. Initial experiments have shown that TiO2 stimulates the growth of a wide range of freshwater algae, leading to accumulation of TiO2 in the tissues of higher trophic levels (IRG 3).

Work with metal oxide NPs has shown that they can be easily stabilized under freshwater conditions, which is a major pathway by which sources (e.g. wastewater treatment plant discharge, stormwater, other runoff) lead into other environmental compartments, such as estuaries and oceans, where the particles sediment rapidly. This has important implications for aquatic organisms that are exposed to particles either in the water column or sediments (IRG 4).

A major study on aggregation and sedimentation behavior of metal oxide NMs was conducted using seawater, freshwater, and groundwater. Electrophoretic mobility (EPM) of the NMs was found to be statistically related to the concentration of NOM and ionic strength. The EPM controls the rate of sedimentation of the NP in these media (IRG 4).

A study on the removal of NM from aqueous systems has shown that efficient removal can be achieved by optimal pH destabilization, coagulant dosing, sedimentation, and ultrafiltration. This has important implications for water treatment and handling of nanoparticle‐laden waste streams. This study also fits in with the objective of improving ENM safety (IRG 4).

Through validation of commercially available HTS assays to determine compatibility with MSSR and nanomaterials, we have successfully implemented gene reporter assays that provide readouts of known cellular damage pathways. Preliminary results identify genotoxicity in a subset of NMs. The data from these studies are then integrated into IRG 6 as training data to establish methods for modeling NM/conditions that induce stress and/or toxicity (IRG 5).

Studies using zebrafish embryos to perform high‐content screening in vivo have been undertaken on a range of CEIN library NMs. Metal/metal oxide NP toxicities that are observed in vivo closely correspond with the results predicted by in vitro testing. Zebrafish appears to be a valid model for corroborative testing of the cell culture system and studies will continue to ascertain the mechanisms of NM toxicity in aquatic organisms (IRG 5).

A new efficient computer algorithm for feature selection ranking was developed for screening and ranking nanoparticle properties for the development of quantitative property‐structure relationships. The applicability of the method was demonstrated with databases from the machine learning repository, polymeric nanoparticles insulin retention data, and TiO2

nanotoxicity. (IRG 6)

NP aggregation modeling is providing information on the expected size distribution of NP suspensions, under various environmental and experimental conditions, thus supplying crucial information for the design of NP experimental protocols and for assessing the relative importance of transport pathways pertinent for modeling the transport and fate of nanoparticles (IRG 6)


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International Survey of nano industry EHS officers regarding NM environmental risks and perceptions has been in the field since Fall 2009 and is nearing the final stages of data collection. Results are being preliminarily analyzed and presented publically (IRG 7).

Data from the Industry survey that is nearing completion can be put to use to help UC CEIN tailor industry planned outreach programs to focus on specific needs and knowledge gaps. An oversample of California respondents is being investigated. Such an oversample would help identify state‐specific environmental risk perception within industry EHS programs that has been previously unstudied (IRG 7).

A pilot survey on public environmental perception of nanotechnology will be conducted in March/April 2009 with initial pilot data expected in Spring/summer (IRG 7).

Impacts of Education and Outreach Programs A major goal of the UC CEIN is to train the next generation of nano‐scientists, engineers, and regulators to anticipate and mitigate potential future environmental hazards associated with nanotechnology. Our educational programs are developed to broaden the knowledge base of the environmental implications of nanotechnology through academic coursework, world‐class research, training courses for industrial practitioners, outreach to the public and policy makers, and a journalist‐scientist communication program. We have made considerable progress on the Education and Outreach goals of the Center over the past year. Integration across research areas is strengthening over time, largely as a result of the implementation of a protocols working group, a high throughput working group, use of the Sharepoint file‐sharing system, and active participation by our graduate students and postdoctoral researchers on our student‐postdoc advisory committee (SPAC). Academically, we have incorporated new Center research into the curriculum of at least five currently taught graduate level courses, and we have made available via webcasting for the first time a short course on Dynamic Energy Budget (DEB) Modeling from UC Santa Barbara. Plans are underway to revise the bi‐annual Nanotoxciology course to reflect the range of UC CEIN knowledge generation. Development of the Safe Handling of Nanomaterials training modules has captured the interest and support of the UCLA Office of Environmental Health & Safety as well as the University of California EH&S taskforce. Discussions are underway to develop a campus‐wide testing of these new educational modules for implementation across UC and in Industry. The Center has quickly become a valuable resource on Nano‐EHS for policy makers, federal and state regulatory and funding agencies, and industries within California. This includes participation in the PCAST review of NNI and the Nano2 workshops which have developed a future vision for nanotechnology, as well as participating in bi‐national nanotechnology forums. In the coming year, the UC CEIN will host the second International Conference on Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology (ICEIN 2010 ‐ jointly organized by the CEINT), and co‐sponsor Nano2010 to be held in August 2010 at Clemson University. Public outreach will take a sharper focus through hosting of NanoDays at the California Science Center (April 2010) and conducting public forums on nanotechnology at the Santa Monica Library (April 2010). Finally, we are expanding our K‐12 outreach activities, working with several local schools to integrate nanotechnology education into the science curriculum.

7. Highlights Research, Education, and Outreach highlights follow.

NSF: EF-0830117

Diversity of Size, Shape, and Composition in the Nanomaterial Library

Establishing a nanomaterial library thatencompasses a broad range of chemicalcompositions, sizes, and shapes is a necessityfor mechanistic and high throughputnanotoxicity studies. Currently, the nanomateriallibrary has been expanded extensively from theinitial three major commercial metal oxides(TiO2, CeO2, and ZnO) to a variety of newcompositions including metals (Au, Ag),quantum dots (CdS, CdSe), and carbonnanotubes (SWCNT, MWCNT). For eachnanomaterial, the particle size has been wellcontrolled from a few nanometers to severalhundred nanometers. In addition, nanomaterialswith shapes ranging from spheres, cubes, rods,to wires were also successfully synthesized.

Cube

Size Shape

20 nm

TiO2

Composition

d=10 nm

CdSe

Au

d=30 nm

d=130 nm Wire

Rod

50 nm

Zhaoxia Ji and Jeffrey I. ZinkUC Center for Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology, University of California, Los Angeles, California, 90095, USA.

NSF: EF-0830117

Optimization of Nanoparticle Dispersion and Stability in Cell Culture Media

NP Stock Solution

Nice Dispersion

Zhaoxia Ji, Xiang Wang, and Jeffrey I. ZinkUC Center for Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology, University of California, Los Angeles, California, 90095, USA.

Large Agglomerates

30 min

30 min 24 hr

24 hr

MajorSedimentation

Stable Suspension

Medium Alone

Medium w/ Dispersing Agent

It is well known that nanoparticlesagglomerate extensively upon addition to cellculture media. If the agglomerates were usedwithout modification for nanotoxicity studies,the dose estimation would be innacurate andthe interpretation of the toxicity results wouldbe complicated. It is very important todevelop effective methods for preparing well-dispersed nanoparticle suspensions. Ourresults show that when proteins and serum,(natural components of physiological fluids)are used as dispersing agents, highlydispersed nanoparticle suspensions can beobtained. The resulting dispersions remainstable even after 24 hours.

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NSF: EF-0830117

Effects of Soluble Cadmium Salts vs. CdSe Quantum Dots on the Growth of Planktonic Pseudomonas aeruginosa

John H. Priester1, Peter K. Stoimenov2, Randall E. Mielke3, Samuel M. Webb4, Christopher Ehrhardt5, Jin Ping Zhang6, Galen D. Stucky2, Patricia A. Holden1

1Donald Bren School of Environmental Science & Management, 2Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 5Earth Sciences, 6Materials Research Laboratory, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, 3Center for Life Detection, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 911094 Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, Stanford Linear Accelerator Center, Menlo Park, CA 94025

The effects of CdSe QDs vs. Cd(II) ions on P. aeruginosa growth were investigated. Above a total cadmium concentration threshold, QDs impaired growth more than Cd(II) ions. Scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) images showed cellular destruction with QDs (below, right) not observed with Cd(II) (below, middle). Reactive oxygen species (ROS) concentrations were also higher with QDs, supporting a specific and larger effect of nanoparticles above the threshold. (Priester et. al, 2009, Environmental Science & Technology).

Control

500 nm500 nm 500 nm

Cd acetate –treated CdSe QD –treated

NSF: EF-0830117

Our work on marine organisms shows that impacts of nanoparticles (NP) depend on the type of NP and its behavior in the environment. Zinc oxide NPs are toxic to marine phytoplankton because they dissolve and release zinc into seawater. Titanium dioxide particles, in contrast, do not dissolve and had no effect on phytoplankton growth.Top figure on shows toxicity of zinc oxide to phytoplankton: diamond-shapes are highest concentrations the NP, open circles the lowest. Lines on graph represent fits of results predicted by Dynamic Energy Budget model: the empirical data closely match the model predictions.

Bottom-dwelling marine amphipods, which live in soft-sediments that can trap and accumulate NPs, died when exposed to low doses of zinc oxide NPs dissolved in seawater (an unnatural exposure regime; see figure below on left). However, when exposed to the zinc oxide in sediments (a natural exposure regime; see figure below on right), amphipods tolerated very high concentrations of NPs. This work suggests toxicity of metal oxide NPs in marine environments may be alleviated by binding to bottom sediments. However, NPs bound in sediments may create problems in the future due to complex process such as metal diagenesis.

Toxicity of nanomaterials in the marine environmentHunter Lenihan, Robert Miller, Shannon Hanna, Arturo Keller

Bren School of Environmental Science and Management University of California Santa Barbara, CA USA

Model fits to experimental data showing decreased growth rates in a marine diatom due to exposure to zinc oxide NPs.

96hr water exposure

ZnO (mg L-1)0 1 2 3 4 5

Sur

viva

l (%

)

0

20

40

60

80

100

100% mortality

10 day sediment exposure

[ZnO] (mg L-1)

0 20 40 60 80 100

% S

urvi

val

40

50

60

70

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NSF: EF-0830117

Negative effect of TiO2 and ZnO nanoparticles on soil microbial communitiesYuan Ge1,2, Joshua Schimel3 and Patricia Holden1,2

1Institute for Computational Earth System Science, 2Bren School of Environmental Science & Management,3Department of Ecology, Evolution and Marine Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara

Both TiO2 and ZnO show negativeeffects on extractable soil DNA

TiO2: linear relationshipZnO: nonlinear relationship

Toxicity: ZnO>TiO2Higher slope for ZnO dose-response curveSignificantly lower DNA for ZnO at the sameexposure concentration (0.5 mg g-1 soil)

Time dependency:Stronger dose-response after 60, vs. 15, daysGreater change over time with TiO2

y = -0.936x + 4.215R² = 0.996

y = -3.512x + 4.136R² = 0.4510

2

4

6

8

0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5

DN

A (µ

g g-1

soil)

MeO (mg g-1 soil)

15 days incubation010D

TiO2 ZnO

y = -2.299x + 6.389R² = 0.922

y = -5.968x + 4.897R² = 0.4650

2

4

6

8

10

0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5

DN

A (µ

g g-1

soil)

MeO (mg g-1 soil)

60 days incubation010D

M O ( TiO2 ZnO

P=0.013

P=0.000

NSF: EF-0830117

Bioaccumulation of nano-TiO2 in freshwater herbivoresKonrad J. Kulacki, Bradley J. Cardinale

Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Marine Biology, University of California Santa Barbara

Monocultures of 20 of the most common species of freshwater phytoplankton in North America were cultured in media containing increasing concentrations of TiO2 nanoparticles. Each algal monoculture was then fed to Daphnia pulex (one of the most widespread freshwater herbivores) for 24h, after which, Daphnia were placed in spring water, allowed to clear their guts, and then removed and analyzed for TiO2 in tissues. Daphnia accumulated nano-TiO2 in proportion to ambient concentrations, and this was true for nearly every species of algae fed to this consumer (each algal species is represented by a different line in graph at right). We are currently determining whether accumulation was due to trophic transfer or direct consumption. Either way, our results show that nano-TiO2 has the potential to accumulate at higher trophic levels in a food web.

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350TiO2 exposure concentration (mg/L)

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

µg T

iO2

per D

aphn

ia p

ulex

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Stability and Aggregation of Metal Oxide Nanoparticles in Natural WatersArturo A. Keller, Dongxu Zhou and Hongtao Wang

Univ. of California, Santa Barbara

There is a pressing need for information on the mobility of nanoparticles in the complex aqueous matrices found in realistic environmental conditions. To address these questions, we dispersed three metal oxide nanoparticles (TiO2, ZnO and CeO2) in samples taken from eight different aqueous media associated with seawater, lagoon, river, and groundwater (Fig. 1). The electrophoretic mobility of the particles in a given aqueous media was dominated by the presence of natural organic matter (NOM) and ionic strength, and independent of pH. NOM adsorbed onto these nanoparticles significantly reduces their aggregation, stabilizing them under many conditions. The transition from reaction to diffusion limited aggregation occurs at an electrophoretic mobility from around -2 to -0.8 µm s-1 V-1 cm (Fig. 2). These results are key for designing and interpreting nanoparticle ecotoxicity studies in various environmental conditions.

0.0

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o

Mesocosm freshwaterStormwaterMesocosm effluentTreated EffluentLagoonGroundwaterSanta Clara RiverSeawater

Fig. 1

0.0

0.2

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-3.0 -2.5 -2.0 -1.5 -1.0 -0.5 0.0

EPM (µm s-1 V-1 cm)

Atta

chm

ent e

ffici

ency

(-)

ZnO

CeO2

TiO2

Fig. 2

Correlation between total nanoparticle surface energy and cell responsePonniseril Somasundaran and Xiaohua Fang

Columbia University

We explored the toxic effects of metal oxide nanoparticles on N. Europaea cultures. In general, cell size scales inversely with the total surface energy of the nanoparticles. When the total surface energy increases, cell size decreases (Fig. 1), except for the CeO2particles. It is clear that the cells were subjected to severe stress by ZnO and TiO2 nanoparticles (Fig. 2).The cells became smaller upon contacting ZnO. Also the membrane and cell walls became distorted and fragmented under the stress of these nanoparticles.

Fig. 1

Fig. 2

NSF: EF-0830117

Highthroughput Screening for Rapid Cytotoxicity Assessment of NanomaterialsSaji George ¶, Tian Xia ¶, Suman Pokhrel ‡, Robert Damoiseaux †, Ken Bradley ∗, Lutz Madler ‡, Andre Nel¶

¶ Dept. of Medicine - Div. of NanoMedicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA ‡IWT Foundation Institute of Materials Science, Department of Production Engineering, University of Bremen, Germany, †Molecular Shared Screening Resources, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA ∗ Dept of

Microbiology, Immunology & Mol Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA

NSF: EF-0830117

In order to bridge the gap between the faster growing list of engineerednanomaterials and their safety assessment, we devised a highthroughput cytotoxicity screening that used automated liquid handlingtechniques and automated epifluorescence microscopy to assay formultiple cytotoxic events in nanoparticle treated cells. The microscopicimages of nanoparticle treated cells after staining with fluorescenceindicator dyes (Upper-left panel), was analyzed to measure and scorethe percentage of cells affected for the sublethal and lethal cytotoxicevents (heatmap-upper right panel). Dissolution of ZnO and release ofZn2+ ions was found to mediate toxicity of ZnO NPs and we achievedreduction in cytotoxicity of ZnO by doping ZnO with iron that changed thematerial matrix to slow Zn2+ release (lower panel). This workdemonstrated the utility of a high throughput, integrated biologicaloxidative stress response pathway to perform hazard ranking ofnanoparticles, in addition to showing how this assay can be used toimprove nanosafety by decreasing ZnO dissolution through iron doping.

NSF: EF-0830117

Zebrafish model for toxicity screening of nanomaterials David Schoenfeld, Saji George, Tian Xia, Yan Zhao, Lin Shuo, Andre Nel

UCLARapid development of nanotechnologyincreases the possibility of exposure tonanomaterials, however, their potentialtoxicity to humans is largelyunknown. We use zebrafish as a modelorganism because the National Institutesof Health recognizes it as arepresentative model for exploringhuman disease. We tested the toxicity of8 metal/metal oxide nanoparticles tozebrafish embryos. Silver, quantum dot,and ZnO nanoparticles showedsubstantial toxicity in terms ofmorphological defects, hatching rate,and survival rate. Overall, the toxicityprofile of nanomaterials in zebrafishagrees with that in mammalian cells andzebrafish is a good model organism forstudying the toxicity of nanomaterials.

Data-Driven Models of Engineered Nanomaterials (eNMs)CEIN Computational Infrastructure• Collaboration Infrastructure• Designed CEIN Data Repository• Prototype eNM Database System

Data preprocessing

Data Mining andKnowledge Extraction

Data-driven Models

• HTS data Normalization• Data Quality analysis• Hit detection (Active vs. non-Active)• Feature Extraction and Selection

• Hierarchical Clustering: heat-maps• Topology preserving clustering:

Self-Organizing Maps (SOM)

• Data-driven Modeling• Screening Classifiers• nano-QSAR development

ZnO Ag Pt

Au

Al2O3

SiO2

Developed a correlation analysis of Toxicity pathways and Toxicity effects (shown above for RAW cells). The analysis reveals specific correlation patterns for ZnO, Ag, and Pt NPs.

Developed and Implemented : (a) new Feature Selection methods suitable for HTS analysis , and (b) tools for HTS data normalization and hit detection.

Example: QSAR to predict cell damage (induced by metal and metal oxide NP after 24h exposure in BEAS-2B cells). Input parameters: NP concentration, IEP, ZPwater, ZPBEGM.

NSF: EF-0830117

0.0000001

0.000001

0.00001

0.0001

0.001

0.01

0.1

1

Air Water Soil Sediment

Mas

s Fra

ctio

n of

TiO

2

• eNMs transport is governed by their aggregation state and interaction with other suspended matter & dissolved species. Computational model incorporating DLVO theory with

Monte Carlo approach to simulate NP aggregation. Sedimentation is included to enable comparison with DLS measurements.

Develop parametric models of NP aggregation for use in intermedia transport assessment, in support of toxicity studies and for data-driven toxicity models & decision tools.

Transport and Fate of Engineered Nanomaterials (eNMs)

NP input

Microlayer

Atmospheric NP

Resuspension

Sedimentation

AdvectionAggregation

Sediment

DisaggregationWater Body

Evolution of TiO2 NP aggregate size (20 nm primary size) for a suspension of 20 ppm in water (pH=10, I=6x10-4 M).

(rmean ,PSD) = F(C,ψ , I )

A simple aquatic multimedia system showing major intermedia transport processes

• Environmental distribution of eNMs (a multimedia mass balance analysis)

Environmental concentrations & intermedia fluxes

Intermedia transport (e.g., sedimentation, dry/wet deposition, aerosolization)

Estimated distribution of TiO2 in LA County. Largest fraction in air, >0.99

NSF: EF-0830117

NSF: EF-0830117 NSF SES 0531184

Current Reported Practices and Perceived Risks Related to Health, Safety and Environmental Stewardship in Nanomaterials Industry1

Researchers seek to understand how private firms are adapting practices for safe development of ENMs in the context of absent regulation and indeterminate standards. Since September 2009, researchers have collected 60 surveys from nanomaterials firms internationally (14% response rate). Preliminary findings include:

1Engeman, C. (Soc, UCSB), Baumgartner, L., Carr, B., Fish, A., Meyerhofer, J., Holden, P. (Bren School, UCSB), Harthorn, B. (Fem Studies, UCSB). 2010. In Progress.

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

Per

cent

of C

ompa

nies

Lack of information

Lack of guidance/regulation

Budget constraints

Internal enforcement

Reported Impediments to Implementing Nano-specific EHS

Programs

Waste Management

23% Report listing nanomaterials in waste manifests36% Report having a nano-specific waste program42% Report using separate containers for nanomaterials66% Report disposing nanomaterials as hazardous waste

The smaller firms (1-19 employees) are less likely to:• Consider budget constraints or report “lack of

knowledge” as an impediment to implementing a nanospecific EHS program.

Younger firms (<10 years) are more likely than older firms to:

• Implement a nano-specific EHS program.• Disclose that their products contain nanomaterials.

The Impact of Testing Costs on the Regulation of Nanoparticles

Jae-Young, C., Ramachandran, G. Kandlikar, M. 2009 "The Impact of Toxicity Testing Costs on Nanomaterial Regulation", Environmental Science and Technology 43(9):3030-3034.

Costs of testing the toxicity of nanoparticles are important for determining how nanoparticles might be regulated. Here we analyze whether testing costs might reasonably be borne by industry.

Based on publicly available information we estimate that there are 265 distinct nanoparticle types for sale in the US. Testing costs vary from $70,000 (Level 1 – physical characterization) to $4.48 million (Level IV – in-vivo animal models) depending on level of testing. Four scenarios assumed different proportions (“distribution”) of nanomaterials that are tested at different levels. In the optimistic scenario only 10% of nanoparticles will need the full range of tests, while in the precautionary approach all nanoparticles need testing at all levels. Costs of testing range from $249 million (Optimistic) to $ 1.18 billion (Precautionary) At current levels of R&D spending on nanomaterial toxicity this translates into between 11 and 43 years for testing currently existing nanoparticles.

Testing level Level I Level II Level III Level IVTotal

Testing cost per substance $0.07 $0.83 $2.15 $4.48

Optimistic

Distribution 0.60 0.15 0.15 0.10 1.00

Number of materials 159 40 40 27 265

Costs of testing (a) $11.4 $33.0 $85.6 $118.8 $249

Neutral

Distribution 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.25 1.00


Costs of testing $4.7 $55.0 $142.7 $296.9 $500

Risk Averse

Distribution 0.10 0.20 0.20 0.50 1.00


Costs of testing $1.9 $44.0 $114.1 $593.9 $754

Precautionary

Distribution 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 1.00


Costs of testing $0.0 $0.0 $0.0 $1,187.7 $1188

New approaches that increase the efficiency of testing are needed, especially as the numbers of nanoparticle types increase.

NSF: EF-0830117 NSF SES 0531184

Christian E.H. Beaudrie (2010), “Emerging Nanotechnologies and Life Cycle Regulation: An investigation of federal regulatory oversight from nanomaterial production to end-of-life”. Center for Contemporary History & Policy, Chemical Heritage Foundation, Studies in Sustainability White Paper Series.

While existing regulations are widely considered to provide adequate authority to regulate nanomaterials, novel properties, low production volumes, sparse data, and a lack of standards and protocols severely challenge the applicability of regulations. Furthermore, a shortage of resources and inadequate authority to require testing or recalls severely limit regulators’ effectiveness in managing risk. Many nano-products as a result will go largely unregulated along their life cycle, while others may fall through gaps in regulation as they move from one stage of their life to the next. Overall, improvements in authority to require testing of a wider range of products, a systems approach to regulation that better engages stakeholders in risk management, and improvements in regulatory oversight at the ‘use’ stage are recommended.

Figure 1. Federal health, safety, and environmental regulations that apply along the life cycle of a typical nanomaterial. Dashed boxes denote the life cycle stages at which each regulation’s primary regulatory mechanisms are in effect.

While several US federal regulations are expected to apply to emerging nanomaterials, questions remain as to whether current regulatory frameworks are sufficient for managing risks that may emerge. This work investigates the federal health, safety, and environmental regulations that apply over the life cycle of a typical nanomaterial to determine whether novel properties and high uncertainty over risks significantly challenge the current regulatory system.

Emerging Nanotechnologies and Life Cycle Regulation

NSF: EF-0830117; NSF SES 0531184

NSF: EF-0830117

SPAC Leadership WorkshopHilary Godwin

CEIN Education/Outreach Director

The Student/Postdoc Advisory Committee sponsors activities to ensure effective mentoring and professional development for the Center’s students and postdocs. On September 8, 2009, twenty CEIN-affiliated and ten CEINT-affiliated students and postdocs participated in an interactive workshop that included small group discussions, problem-solving activities, and presentations. The three topics covered were: Getting the Mentoring you Need; Introduction to Principles of Quality Control and Quality Assurance, and Guidelines for Development and Validation of Standard Protocols.

Feedback was positive, and it included, “As a Master’s student, it’s rare to touch on these sorts of topics in my field. But all of these topics are very pertinent to my research and career interests related to the safe handling & disposal of nanomaterials.”

NSF: EF-0830117

NanoDays 2010: Partnerships & OutreachHilary Godwin

CEIN Education/Outreach DirectorNanoDays is a nationwide weeklong educational festival which aims to introduce nanoscale science & engineering to the public. NanoDays is an initiative from the Nanoscale Informal Science Education Network (NISE Net).

Saturday, March 27, Santa Barbara: The CEIN at UCSB partnered with the Center for Nanotechnology in Society (CNS) and the National Nanotechnology Infrastructure Network (NNIN) at UCSB for an eight-hour NanoDays event at the Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History. Three CEIN-affiliated graduate students and staff participated in this event which reached 500 people.

Saturday, April 3, Los Angeles: The CEIN at UCLA partnered with the California Science Center for a four-hour NanoDays event at the museum. Fourteen CEIN Volunteer Educators (from the CEIN, CNSI at UCLA, California Teach at UCLA) lead interactive activities and interacted with the public. Included in this volunteer group were three faculty members and two postdocs who answered any and all nanoscience-related questions. This successful event reached 550 people.


30

8. Strategic Research Plan. Long‐term Research Goals of the UC CEIN Our principal long‐term goal is to establish a predictive scientific model in which nanomaterial bio‐physicochemical interactions at cellular, subcellular and organism level is utilized for prioritizing in vivo eco‐toxicity testing to provide a robust scientific platform for risk predictions of how engineered nanomaterials could cause harm to the environment. Through the establishment of a rigorous scientific platform that utilizes mechanisms and pathways of injury as well as fate, transport, and bioavailability linked to nanomaterial physicochemical properties, our goal is to establish a scientific paradigm for making predictions about nanomaterials impact on the environment at the scale of growth of this technology. In order to achieve these long‐term goals, it is necessary to establish standard reference material (SRM) and combinatorial nanomaterial libraries that will allow us to determine how key physicochemical properties such as chemical composition, size, shape, aspect ratio, porosity, dissolution, crystalline states, surface functionalization, surface charge, adsorbed impurities and particle dispersal or aggregation determine material spread to the environment, cellular uptake, bioavailability and catalysis of bio‐catalytic activity that could lead to toxicity in bacteria, yeasts, algae, phytoplankton, protozoa, mammalian cells and select sets of trophic life forms in terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. In order to develop in vitro toxicological testing that will inform in vivo testing and knowledge development by a computerized expert system, an important goal is to develop high content and high throughput screening that can be used to rapidly screen the SRM libraries as well as demonstrate how the designed introduction of physicochemical variations of a single material can influence biocompatibility or bioadversity. The number of materials that can be handled simultaneously and the volume of data generation through high throughput screening is important for establishing knowledge domains in the computerized expert system as well as for meeting the scale of observations that is required to cover a wide range of nanomaterials. Because the number of analyses that can be performed in mesocosms are limited, an important goal of the Center has been to use a series of trophic levels in terrestrial, fresh water and marine ecosystems to determine whether the in vitro and high throughput testing is predictive of the toxicological outcomes in vivo. As an example of how to accomplish this interfacing, we are using a zebrafish embryo screening model to check the immediate in vivo relevance of high throughput toxicological screening data collected in cellular screening. Similar connectivity is also being sought across the Center for sea urchin embryos, phytoplankton, etc., before moving up the trophic ladder. Moreover, dynamic energy budgeting will be used as an important integrative model in population studies.

An important long‐term objective is to utilize the structure‐activity relationship of nanomaterial physicochemical properties with in vitro and eco‐toxicological outcomes to develop guidelines for safe design of engineered nanomaterials as well as methods that can be used to protect the environment. We are using heatmaps and self‐organizing maps to identify metal and metal oxide NP properties associated with a hierarchical oxidative stress injury mechanism. An important UC CEIN goal is to use the knowledge generation through integrated research activities and risk perception surveys to inform the public, academia, industry and government agencies how nanotechnology can be safely implemented in society and the marketplace. By reducing uncertainty


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about potential nanomaterials toxicity, our goal is to promote widespread acceptance of nanotechnology in society. Organization and Integration of Center Research Activities Our predictive scientific model will consider the nanomaterials most likely to come into contact with the environment. In the first five years of our research activities, we will do extensive coverage of metal/metal oxide nanomaterial libraries, single‐wall and multi‐wall carbon nanotubes (CNT) and a clay library as representative of natural nanoparticles. We will consider the physicochemical properties of these materials that allow them to spread to the environment, their bio‐availablity through cellular/organismal uptake and ability to perform biocatalytic activities that could lead to toxicity in bacteria, yeasts, algae, phytoplankton, protozoa, mammalian cells and select sets of trophic lifeforms in terrestrial, fresh water and marine ecosystems. We will consider mechanisms and biological pathways of injury that can be used to perform high content and high throughput screening with a view to facilitate in vivo toxicological assessment, including development of cost‐effective and rapid screening paradigms. All of the above nanomaterial physicochemical characteristics, biological and toxicological data will be used to establish quantitative structure‐activity relationships (QSARs) through the use of a computerized cell‐learning system that can help to formulate risk ranking.

Our research goal of developing a predictive risk model for nanomaterial impact on the environment will be executed through seven IRGs (see figure). To develop an understanding of the QSARs, IRG 1 is acquiring a physical library of standard reference nanomaterials representing the major classes of commercial metal/ metal oxide nanoparticles, SWCNT, MWCNT and a representative number of natural nanoparticles from commercial sources or in‐house synthesis. Faculty

experts in IRG 1 use advanced NM design and synthesis methods to develop combinatorial libraries that will consist of a single material made in different sizes and shapes or with different dissolution, ROS generation, surface charge, band gap and crystalline states. These combinatorial libraries are enhancing the study of the interfacial properties responsible for biocompatible and bio‐adverse responses. These nanomaterials are being characterized to determine the physicochemical properties (IRG 1) that are associated with cellular, tissue, and systemic injury in a variety of environmental life forms (IRG 2 and 3). These ecological life forms are chosen to represent a hierarchy of trophic levels in fresh water, seawater and terrestrial mesocosms are being assessed for nanomaterial uptake, bioaccumulation, and toxicity (IRG 3). The engineered NPs are also compared with naturally existing congeners to determine their state of aggregation, stability, and transport in various environmental aquatic and tissue culture media (IRG 4). We use the key interfacial properties governing interactions at the nano–bio interface (size, surface area, shape, aggregation, dispersibility, charge) to develop HTS approaches (IRGs 1 & 5) allowing

Cellular/tissue/systemic

NM synthesis & characterization

IRG #2IRG #3

High throughput screening

Modeling of environ-mental multimedia

NM impacts

Risk perception

Fate & Transport

Interactions at molecular, cellular, organ & systemic

levels

Organism, population, community &

ecosystem toxicology

IRG #1

IRG #2

IRG #4

IRG #3IRG’s #5-7

Interdisciplinary Research Groups (IRGs)


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contemporaneous testing of batches of nanomaterials in representative cellular systems (e.g., bacteria, yeasts, mammalian cells) for hazard prediction based on final common toxicological pathways (oxidant stress response, proliferation, ATP production, mitochondrial dysfunction, apoptosis). Attempts are being made to develop structure‐activity relationships that can be used to rank the hazard of batches of particles or for a range of physicochemical variations of the same material (IRG 5 and 6). To train novel cognitive neural networks for risk prediction, the physicochemical, biological, toxicological, exposure, and dose–response data are being integrated into a comprehensive environmental multimedia assessment model for nanomaterials and NP‐bound toxicants (IRG 6). This computational risk model interfaces with the CNS at UCSB to responsibly convey the risks to industry, the public, and regulatory agencies, and to set environmental safety guidelines (IRG 7).


33

9. Research Program, Accomplishments, and Plans The UC CEIN has successfully integrated the expertise of engineers, chemists, colloid and material scientists, ecologists, marine biologists, cell biologists, bacteriologists, toxicologists, computer scientists, biostatisticians and social scientists necessary to create a predictive scientific platform that will inform us about the possible hazards and safe design of nanomaterials (NMs) that may come into contact with the environment. In the first year of operation, the Center operated 39 distinct but interactive research projects across 7 IRGs. In the second year of the Center, some projects came to a natural conclusion and new projects were created to reflect additional focus areas. As of this report, there are 43 research projects across 7 IRGs. The Center is organized into 7 interdisciplinary research groups (IRGs):

• IRG 1: Nanomaterial Standard Reference and Combinatorial Libraries and Physical-Chemical Characterization.

• IRG 2: Studying Nanomaterials Interactions at the Molecular, Cellular, Organ, and System Levels • IRG 3: Organismal and Community Exotoxicology • IRG 4: Nanoparticle Fate and Transport • IRG 5: High-Throughput Screening (HTS), Data Mining, and Quantitative-Structure Relationships

for Nanomaterial Properties and Nanotoxicity • IRG 6: Modeling of the Environmental Multimedia Nanomaterial Distribution and Toxicity • IRG 7: Risk Perception of Potential Environmental Impacts of Nanotechnology

For each IRG, the goals, organization and integration, major accomplishments, and plans for the coming year are presented in detail. Detailed information about each research project, including an abstract of the project, are available on the CEIN website: http://cein.cnsi.ucla.edu Seed Funding In Winter 2009, the UC CEIN Executive Committee issued a call for seed funding proposals. The seed funding competition is designed to new integrated research projects that cannot be carried out in the scope of existing project funding. Innovative and cross-cutting proposals were sought that could be completed or can show definitive progress within a one-year funding cycle. Proposals were limited to existing CEIN faculty members at US institutions. The executive committee reviewed all proposals and selected 3 seed proposals for funding effective April 1, 2009 for a period of 1 year. The initial projects funded are:

• IRG 1-10: Systematic Synthesis of Nanoparticles of Controllable Morphology, Composition, and Porosity to Perform Biological Structure-Function Analysis in Mammalian Cells and Bacteria – Jeff Brinker, Sandia National Laboratory/University of New Mexico

• IRG 4-6: Coagulant-Enhanced Membrane Filtration for Metal-Oxide Nanoparticle Removal from Wastewater – Yoram Cohen – UCLA, Hunter Lenihan – UC Santa Barbara

• IRG 5-3: High-Throughput Characterization of Toxicity and Uptake Mechamisms of CEIN Nanomaterials in S. Cerevisiae – Hilary Godwin, Kenneth Bradley, Andre Nel – UCLA

In February/March 2010, the Executive Committee conducted a review of the initial seed projects and concluded that each project was successful in introducing new integrative topics into the Center portfolio. Each project has been recommended for continuation funds and will remain active in our portfolio. A new call for proposals for the Year 2 seed funding program has been issued and selected projects will begin in April/May 2010.

http://cein.cnsi.ucla.edu/�


34

IRG 1 – Nanomaterial Standard Reference and Combinatorial Libraries and Physical-Chemical Characterization Faculty Investigators: Carolyn Bertozzi, UC Berkeley/Lawrence Berkeley Lab - Professor, Chemistry, Molecular/Cell Biology Freddy Boey, Nanyang Technological University - Professor, Materials Science Engineering Jeffrey Brinker, University of New Mexico/Sandia - Professor, Chemical/Nuclear Engineering Robert Haddon, UC Riverside - Professor, Chemistry Eric Hoek, UCLA - Associate Professor, Civil & Environmental Engineering Joachim Loo, Nanyang Technological University - Assistant Professor, Materials Engineering Lutz Madler, University of Bremen - Professor, Materials Science Andre Nel, UCLA - Professor, Medicine; Chief, Division of NanoMedicine Ponisseril Somasundaran, Columbia University - Professor, Materials Science Galen Stucky, UC Santa Barbara - Professor, Chemistry and Biochemistry Sharon Walker, UC Riverside - Assistant Professor, Chemical and Environmental Eng. Jeffrey Zink, UCLA - Professor, Chemistry and Biochemistry – AREA LEAD Number of Graduate Students: 12 Number of Undergraduate Students: 2 Number of Postdoctoral Researchers: 12 Goals of IRG 1: IRG 1’s main goals are to assemble nanomaterial standard reference and combinatorial libraries, to characterize the physiochemical properties of the nanomaterials, to synthesize “designer” or “hand-crafted” specialty nanomaterials and characterize them, and to identify new and important nanomaterials that could or should be of interest for environmental impacts. Organization and Integration of IRG 1 Projects Current IRG 1 projects include:

• IRG 1-1: Managing SRM production, distribution, and characterization (Jeffrey Zink)

• IRG 1-2: Direct measurement of bio-nano interfacial forces for UC CEIN SRMs: Beyond “wettability” and “zeta potential” The project was not continued for CEIN funding because it did not fit into the goals stated above (Inactive) (Eric Hoek)

• IRG 1-3: Development of a nanomaterials library consisting of layered clays and determination

of their physico-chemical properties (Galen Stucky)

• IRG 1-4: Redox and electron transfer active doping of TiO2 nanoparticles and nanospheres and their cellular oxidation cytotoxicity (Galen Stucky)

• IRG 1-5: Chemically Functionalized Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes (SWNTs) (Robert Haddon)

• IRG 1-6: Metal Oxide Nanoparticle Library – Derivatization, Surface Modification and Synthesis

for Toxicology and High throughput Testing (Jeffrey Zink)

• IRG 1-7: Designing of binary and mixed binary MeOx nanomaterial libraries using FSP technology for testing paradigms of environmental and cellular interactions (Lutz Madler)


35

• IRG 1-8: Synthesis and Characterization of Nano-Silver Reference Material Library for

Environmental Transport, Fate, and Toxicity Testing (Erick Hoek)

• IRG 1-9: Investigating the toxicity of biodegradable nanomaterials (Joaquim Loo)

• IRG 1-10: Systematic Synthesis of Nanoparticles of controllable morphology, composition and porosity to perform biological structure-function analysis in mammalian cells and bacteria. (Jeff Brinker)

Detailed information about each research project, including an abstract of the project, are available on the CEIN website: http://cein.cnsi.ucla.edu The organization of IRG 1 involves synthesis of nanoparticles at UCLA (IRGs 1-6 and 1-8), at UCSB (IRG 1-3) at Sandia National Laboratory (IRG 1-10) and at the University of Bremen (IRG 1-7). Physical and chemical characterization of the materials are partially carried out in these laboratories, and final and full characterization, cataloging, warehousing and distribution are carried out by IRG 1 at UCLA. Integration is coordinated through IRG 1. By mutual agreement reached by teleconferencing, each research group is focused on a specific type of nanomaterial as indicated by the titles of the projects. Commercially available materials are purchased primarily by IRG 1-1. The IRGs are all in frequent communication with IRG 1-1. Major Accomplishments of IRG 1 (since March 2009) At the end of calendar year 2009, IRG 1 had completed its initial major goal of assembling and characterizing a library of standard reference materials. Characterization of the three commercial nanoparticle compositions (TiO2, ZnO and CeO2) and several new compositions was completed. Particles have been distributed to the high throughput screening group and have also been distributed to all of the biology groups that requested them. The highlights of the work include:

• Assembly of nanoparticle library containing 60 different types of particles (Table 1) • Characterization of all 60 nanoparticles in the current library

The results of the characterization of the standard reference materials is shown in Table 3 and a brief explanation of the methods used is shown in Table 3.

• Characterization in progress of 25 new nanoparticles (Table 4) • Identification of efficient and reliable dispersion methods (manuscript of submitted

publication available) Characterization of new and designer materials is continuing actively. Metal nanoparticles, carbon nanotubes, designer metal oxides and clays are currently being examined. Fluorescent labeling of nanoparticles from the above libraries has been carried out at the request of individual research groups. Important results are reported in the summaries of IRGs 2 and 5. A major accomplishment from IRG 1 is the characterization of dispersion of the commercial particles in eight different biologically relevant media (tissue culture, bacterial culture and yeast culture). Most importantly, a highly efficient method of dispersing the particles was identified (fetal bovine serum) and the effect of ions on the dispersibility was interpreted. Zhaoxia (Ivy) Ji presented the results of her work



36

at the International Conference in Washington, D.C. to great acclaim. A manuscript reporting the aspects of the work related to titania has been submitted for publication. Impacts on the Overall Goals of the Center The major impacts on the overall goals of the center directly follow from the major accomplishments. Assembly of nanoparticle library containing 60 different types of particles (Table 1) was necessary in order to have materials for the high throughput screening. This library is central to the goals of the Center. Characterization of all 60 nanoparticles in the current library is essential in order for the researchers to know exactly what physical and chemical the materials possess. Identification of efficient and reliable dispersion methods was a major step forward in helping the researchers prepare the samples in useable forms for the biological studies. Samples prepared and characterized by IRG1 are currently being used throughout the entire center. The distributions of samples to individual research groups are summarized in table 5. Major Planned Activities for the Next Year: The immediate future goals, organized by IRG subsection, are listed below.

• IRG 1-1 Generate a complete catalog of all of the materials characterized, include results of the physical/chemical characterizations, and make it available to all of the IRGs online (collaboration with Dr. Cohen).

Continue characterizations of new materials as they are synthesized by the members of IRG 1 or purchased from commercial sources.

• IRG 1-2 Funding discontinued. • IRG 1-3 Develop and characterize a library of clay nanoparticles. • IRG 1-5 Develop a library of chemically functionalized single-walled carbon nanotubes. • IRG 1-6 Continue synthesis and characterization a library of mesoporous silica noanoparticles

including rods and hollow spheres. Develop new derivatization methods for metal oxide particles needed by other IRGs. Modify surfaces of nanoparticles for toxicology and screening.

• IRG 1-7 Synthesize binary and mixed binary MeOx nanomaterial libraries using flame spray pyrolysis.

• IRG 1-10 Synthesize metal oxide nanoparticles of controllable morphology, composition and porosity.

Synthesize silica nanoparticles of variable crystallinity. Synthesize solid silica nanoparticles for comparison with porous particles.

The goals of synthesizing mixed metal oxide particles, a library of multiple types of silica nanoparticles, and libraries of surface-derivatized metal oxide nanoparticles are rapidly being achieved. Concluding Observations The researchers in IRG 1 have accomplished their initial goal of carefully characterizing a library of commercially available standard reference materials and of materials synthesized by members of the IRG and making them available to the members of the CEIN. New libraries of “designer” nanoparticles are rapidly expanding, especially those involving doped metal oxide particles, metal nanoparticles, and multiple forms of silica particles.


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Table 1. Nanoparticle Library in the CEIN

Composition Size (nm) Shape Phase/Structure

TiO2

~25 Spheres 80% Anatase & 20% Rutile

169, 264, 802, 1009 (size by DLS) Spheres Anatase

162, 166 (size by DLS) Spheres Rutile

10 × 100 Rods Rutile

5 × 1000 Wires Rutile

20, 25, 46, 48, 54, 63, 93, 115, 121, 146, 148, 223, 248, 1073 (size by DLS) Spheres Amorphous

80-1000 (wide distribution) Spheres Mesoprous

Cu-TiO2 80-1000 (5% Cu, wide distribution) Spheres Mesoporous

CeO2 ~25 Spheres Crystalline

70 × 8 Rods Crystalline

ZnO ~20 Spheres Crystalline

Fe-ZnO 20, 15, 14, 12, 8, 8, 8 nm with 0, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 atomic weight% Fe Spheres Crystalline

SiO2

5, 8, 30, 50, 80, 130 (Commercial) Spheres Amorphous

6, 20, 3, 40, 60, 70 (synthesized) Spheres Amorphous

81 × 137, 94 × 209, 72 × 201, 65 × 308, 69 × 446 Rods Mesoporous

Au 5, 10 Spheres Amorphous

Ag 10 Spheres Amorphous

CdSe 5.8 Spheres Crystalline

CdS 4.8 Spheres Crystalline

SWNT-COOH ~3 × 1500 Nanotubes Crystalline

Attapulgite ~1200 Irregular Crystalline

Hydrotalcite ~500 Irregular Crystalline

Kaolinite 204, 200-1400 Polyhedral Crystalline

Montmorrilite 200-1800 Irregular Crystalline


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Table 2. Overview of Analytical Methods for Physical and Chemical Characterization

Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) & Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM):

The operation principles of electron microscopy are based on the interaction between an electron beam and a solid surface. In TEM, transmitted or forward-scattered electrons are used to obtain images; while in SEM, back scattered or secondary electrons are analyzed to yield images. With enough representative images, TEM and SEM can be used to obtain primary size, morphology, topography, state of agglomeration, or even some crystallographic information of nanoparticles. X-ray Diffraction (XRD): When a coherent X-ray beam is directed at a sample, interaction of the X-rays with the sample creates diffracted beams that can be related to interplanar spacings in the crystalline sample according to the Bragg’s law: nλ=2dsinθ; where n is an integer, λ is the wavelength of the X-rays, d is the interplanar spacing, and θ is the diffraction angle. Based on this principle, XRD can be used to identify crystalline phase and structure and to determine crystallinity. Primary size of nanoparticles can also be derived from the XRD patterns using the Sherrer equation: S=λ/ωcosθ; where S is the particle size and w is full-width-at-half-maximum of the diffraction peak. Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS): In DLS, a monochromatic light beam is directed at a particle suspension where it is scattered. Due to the random Brownian motion of the particles, the intensity of the scattered light fluctuates with time; from which a translational diffusion coefficient, Dt, can be determined using an autocorrelation function. Hydrodynamic diameter (dH) of nanoparticles can then be estimated from the Stokes-Einstein equation dH=kT/3πηDt; where k is the Boltzmann constant, T is the temperature, and η is the viscosity. Information including size distribution and state of agglomeration can also be derived from the DLS measurement. Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) Surface Area Analysis: BET method is based on adsorption of gas on a surface. The amount of gas adsorbed at a given pressure allows to determine specific surface area. Assuming the particles have solid and uniform spherical shape with smooth surface, an average particle size can also be estimated. Thermo-Gravimetric Analysis (TGA): TGA is usually used to determine a material’s thermal stability and its fraction of volatile components by monitoring the weight change as a function of temperature and time. Based on the weight loss or gain profile, kinetic process such as dehydration, oxidation and decomposition can be identified and the corresponding moisture content and organic content can be determined. Zeta Potential & Electrophoretic Mobility (EPM): Surface charge can be determined indirectly by measuring the zeta potential (ζ) or electrophoretic mobility (EPM) of the particles. The EPM is defined as the velocity of a particle per electric field unit and is obtained by applying an electric field to the particle suspension and measuring the average velocity of the particles. Using Smoluchowski or Huckel equation, the zeta potential can be calculated. The magnitude of zeta potential gives an indication of the potential stability of the nanoparticle suspension. Nanoparticles with zeta potential more positive than 30 mV or more negative than -30 mV are normally considered stable. By adjusting pH, an isoelectric point (pHiep) can also be determined. Nanoparticles are positively charged below pHiep and negatively charged above pHiep.


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Table 3. Summary of physical and chemical characterization of the commercial metal oxides.

SRM Properties Characterization

Techniques Unit TiO2 CeO2 ZnO

Primary Size TEM/SEM nm 15-20 10-30 20-30

XRD nm 13 7 8

Particle Size in H2O DLS nm 194±7 231±16 205±14

Phase & Structure XRD

81% Anatase + 19% Rutile

100% Ceria Cubic

100% Zincite Hexagonal

Morphology TEM Semi-spherical Irregular Spheroid

Surface Area BET m2 g-1 51.5 93.8 42.1

pHiep ZetaPALS 6.5-6.6 7.5-7.8 8.4

Zeta Potential in 0.1 mM KCl ZetaPALS mV 40.0±2.3 32.3±5.0 22.2±1.4

EPM in 0.1 mM KCl ZetaPALS m2 V-1 s-

1 3.11±0.12 2.52±0.39 1.73±0.11

Purity TGA wt.% 98.03 95.14 97.27

Moisture Content TGA wt.% 1.97 4.01 1.61

Acid Content TGA wt.% 0 0.85 1.12

Table 4. Nanoparticles in the process of characterization

Composition Phase/Structure Size by DLS (nm) Shape Note

TiO2

Amorphous 10, 15, 20, 50, 100, 150, 200, 250, 380, 1000 Irregular

10-15 samples for each type of TiO2 sample Multiple samples have similar sizes in each case TEM analysis will be performed to determine primary particle size

Anatase 60, 150, 200, 250, 300, 600, 800, 1000

Spheres or Spheroids

Rutile 130, 150, 200, 300, 500, 800, 1000

Rods or Spheroids

Table 5. Nanoparticle Distribution in UC CEIN


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Table 5. Nanoparticle Distribution in UC CEIN

Group Unit

Approximate Quantity

TiO2 CeO2 ZnO SWCNTs SiO2

Evonik Univ of Bremen

Sandia Labs Meliorum Univ of

Bremen Meliorum Univ of Bremen

As-Prepared Purified -COOH Mesoporous

Dr. André Nel UCLA g 5 0.75 2.5 0.75 2.5 0.75 0.2 0.2 0.2 6 × 0.02c

Dr. Eric Hoek UCLA g ~180 0.73 ~30 0.75 ~990 0.75

Dr. Hilary Godwin UCLA g 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02

Dr. Sharon Walker UCR g 10 35 25

Dr. Lutz Mädler University of Bremen g 100 480 490

Dr. Joachim Loo NTU, Singapore g 100 480 490

Dr. Andre Venter W. Michigan University g 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02

Dr. Gary Cherr UC Davis g 400 500 500

Dr. Arturo Keller UCSB g 400 3×1.0a 8980 9000 0.25b

Dr. Jorge Gardea-Torresdey UTEP g 200 2000 2000

Dr. P. Somasundaran Columbia University g 400 500 500 ~0.1

Dr. Stavros Garantziotis NIEHS g 5

Dr. Kenneth Bradley UCLA g 0.01 0.01 0.01

a. Three TiO2 samples with different shapes (dots, rods, wires) will be sent out in one week. b. Sample will be sent out in one week. c. Six SiO2 rod samples with different aspect ratios


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IRG 2: Studying NMs’ Interactions at the Molecular, Cellular, Organ, and Systemic Levels Faculty Investigators: Gary Cherr, UC Davis – Professor, Environmental Toxicology/Nutrition Patricia Holden, UC Santa Barbara – Professor, Environmental Microbiology – AREA LEAD André Nel, UCLA – Professor, Medicine; Chief, Division of NanoMedicine Roger Nisbet, UC Santa Barbara – Professor, Ecology, Evolution, Marine Biology Galen Stucky, UC Santa Barbara – Professor, Chemistry and Biochemistry Number of Graduate Students: 5 Number of Undergraduate Students: 3 Number of Postdoctoral Researchers: 9 Goals of IRG 2: There are six major goals for IRG 2:

1. Explore the mechanisms of NP uptake into cells, tissues, and organs. Mechanisms include: electron transfer from membranes and cell components to NPs, ROS production and membrane or organelle damage from energized NPs, NP uptake via various mechanisms including membrane wrapping and phagocytosis. These mechanisms will vary between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cell systems and could determine sensitivity or resistance to engineered nanomaterials (ENM).

2. Study paradigms for toxicity that can be used to screen for the potential adverse environmental

impacts of NPs. Paradigms include: cellular oxidation via electron transfer from cells to NPs, toxic metal release from metallic NPs—either extracellularly with passive uptake of ions or intracellularly where NPs effectively deliver large doses released upon NP breakdown, sorption of ambient toxicants onto NPs and delivery into cells with NP uptake, intracellular ROS-mediated oxidative damage, lysosomal destabilization or mitochondrial function impairment (both potentially leading to mammalian cellular apoptosis), cellular oxidative stress response induction, direct targeting of NPs to specific organelles, energy-dependent expulsion of NPs, intracellular dissolution into toxic constituents, and extracellular binding leading to nutrient deprivation. As above, these paradigms will vary with bacterial or mammalian cell systems.

3. Evaluate localization of NPs in cells and tissues. Of interest are membrane binding as a pre-requisite to

either uptake or toxicity, receptor roles, organelle targeting, NP intracellular integrity, and methods to evaluate the “aging” of NPs once inside cells and tissues.

4. Evaluate whole organism responses including developmental stages (embryonic) to determine:

developmental effects, whole organism systemic functions (immune, digestive, respiratory), and NP localization.

5. Evaluate population responses including changes in respiration, growth rates, reproduction, viability,

transcriptomic changes, and NP uptake and modification. 6. Model effects using Dynamic Energy Budget (DEB) theory as a framework which employs submodels in

toxicokinetics and toxic effects.


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Organization and Integration of IRG 2 Projects: There are currently 7 projects within IRG 2. IRG2-1 is being performed at UCLA in the Nel Lab and in the HTS facility (IRG 5) at UCLA, IRG2-2 is being performed at UCD/BML in the Cherr Lab, IRG2-3 is being performed at UCSB in the Holden Lab, IRG2-4 is being performed at UCSB in the Nisbet Lab, IRG2-5 is being performed at UCSB in the Holden Lab with assistance from the Cherr Lab (UCD/BML) and from the Stucky Lab (UCSB), and IRG2-6 is being conducted out of the Holden Lab primarily, but increasingly also with investigators in IRG3, and IRG 2-7 is being performed at UCLA in the Nel Lab. Current IRG2 projects include:

• IRG 2-1: HTS development in mammalian cells using macrophages and epithelial cells to develop paradigms for assessment of nanomaterials toxicity (Andre Nel, Saji George, and Tian Xia)

• IRG 2-2: Marine organismal nanotoxicology: Studying Nanomaterials’ (NMs) Interactions at the Molecular, Cellular, Organ, and Systemic Levels (Gary N. Cherr, Carol A. Vines, Elise Fairbairn, Suzy Jackson, Esther Shin, Brian Cole)

• IRG 2-3: Effects of metal oxides on bacterial growth and determining growth-reduction mechanisms (Patricia Holden, John Priester, Allison Horst, Gary Cherr, and Raja Vukanti)

• IRG 2-4: Dynamic energy budget modeling of toxic effects of CdSe quantum dots (Roger M Nisbet)

• IRG 2-5: Effects of CdSe QDs and TiO2 on protozoans via direct uptake and phagocytosis of NP-fed bacteria (Patricia Holden, John Priester, Rebecca Werlin, Galen Stucky, Gary Cherr)

• IRG 2-6: Electron microscopic methods for visualizing nanomaterials in biological specimens (Randy Mielke, Patricia Holden)

• IRG 2-7: Linking the physiochemical characteristics of carbon nanotubes to toxicological outcomes in vitro (André Nel, Xiang Wang)

Detailed information about each research project, including an abstract of the project, are available on the CEIN website: http://cein.cnsi.ucla.edu Integration: 1. IRG2-1 with IRG5 for development and standardization of HTS screening protocols for mammalian

cells and specific stress responses; with IRG1, using directed synthesis for specific response testing and dispersion testing; with IRG4 regarding transmission of Fe-doped ZnO NPs for fate and transport studies; with IRG6 regarding transmission of HTS data for expert system development.

2. IRG2-2 with IRG2-5, where IRG2-2 developed a high content assay for protein carbonyls for use in a

simple trophic feeding (bacteria to protozoa) experiment; with IRG4 for development of NP dispersion protocol in seawater and other aqueous media using various dispersants; with IRG1 (Zink group) who covalently linked a fluorescent tag (FITC) to ZnO which enabled visual tracing of the NP into embryos.



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3. IRG2-3 with IRG5 (Bradley) where aqueous culture conditions for bacteria are to be translated for use in HTS, and for coordinated recruiting of new postdoc in bacterial HTS research

4. IRG2-4 with Holden (model development using existing data from IRG 2-3) and with IRG3 (Cardinale) 5. IRG2-5 with IRG1 (Stucky) and IRG2-2 (Cherr) where CdSe QDs are synthesized by IRG1 and protein

carbonyl assay development was contributed by IRG2-2

6. IRG 2-6 with IRG 2-5, and IRG 3 (Cardinale, Lenihan) and IRG 4 (visualization using ESEM), where new methods in assessing NM aging in biological systems are being developed and applied to these projects.

7. IRG 2-7 with IRG 1, using directed responses for specific response and dispersion testing. Major Accomplishments of IRG 2 (since March 2009): IRG 2-1: Interrogated and successfully demonstrated the applicability of the “oxidative stress hierarchical paradigm” (Nel et al., Science, 2006) for nanoparticles with varying chemistries and physicochemical characteristics, to reveal the dose-response relationships between particle parameters and elicitation of biological response consistent with oxidative stress. Demonstration and standardization of HTS protocols for screening NPs (including the metal oxides CeO2, TiO2, ZnO) for toxicity in mammalian cell lines. Successfully doped ZnO NPs with iron and demonstrated alleviation of Zn(II) ion toxicity. Applied HTS approach to a 2nd round of metal oxide NPs with >5000 variables screened. Determined the rate of NP agglomeration in biological media, and developed NP dispersion protocol applicable to zebra fish media. Demonstrated ZnO toxicity according to postulated paradigm in Zebra fish for in vivo extrapolation of in vitro approach system. Expanded nanoparticle library to include Ag, Au, Pt, Al2O3, SiO2, CdSe/ZnS (Quantum dot) with ZnO where, via HTS, differential toxicity –ranging from sub- to full-lethal effects-- of particles was shown both for in vitro and in vivo model systems. Published two impact manuscripts: one regarding HTS approaches and the other regarding the ZnO dopant study. This rapid progress in this project has resulted within one year in the development of a platform for accelerated generation of screening data for the expert model system within IRG6. IRG 2-2: Evaluation of toxicity of metal oxides (CeO2, TiO2, ZnO) to sea urchin embryos in seawater with and without various putative dispersants and organic matter (OM: including Bovine Serum Albumin or BSA, humic acid, alginate) where BSA and HA were retired based on non-specific effects on embryo development, and low environmental relevance of BSA; thus alginate was selected for further study. Two of the NPs (CeO2 and TiO2) showed little toxicity but ZnO was toxic to developing embryos, causing developmental abnormalities at very low levels with dose- and exposure time-, but not developmental stage-, dependencies. FITC-labeled ZnO entered cells and were shown to induce apoptosis in blastula-stage embryos. Published a manuscript with IRG4 regarding dispersion of NPs in seawater and other environmental waters as a function of additives including alginate and other OM compounds. Newly tested activity of metal oxide nanomaterials as substrates for multidrug efflux export proteins in fertilized sea urchin embryos, discovering that the metal oxide NMs tested are not substrates for the MDR transporters, nor do they perturb efflux activity. Developed and applied high content assays for assessing oxidative damage (via protein carbonyls) and plasma membrane damage (via uptake of specific impermeable markers). Developed high throughput protocols for the marine mussel, Mytilus californianus, focusing on cell preparation including achieving disagglomeration, then measuring cell survival and cell viability as indicators of mussel hemocytes toxicity using positive control conditions.


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Protocols appear to comprise a promising high-throughput marine invertebrate cellular system for determining toxicity of a wide range of nanomaterials. IRG 2-3: Researched, modified and recruited aqueous growth media to simulate oligotrophic conditions for bacterial growth assays in a HTS platform. Demonstrated use of this media, in addition to rich media conditions, for studying bacterial growth as a function of NM type and concentration. Performed growth inhibition studies for SRM metal oxides (CeO2, TiO2, ZnO) and each of four bacterial strains (2 gram positive, 2 gram negative) where gram positive bacteria were found to be relatively more sensitive, and toxicity for all was enhanced in minimal, versus complex, aqueous media. Differential association of NPs with gram positive versus gram negative bacteria was shown by ESEM. Growth rate calculations across all replicates indicate significant differences where ZnO appears equivalently inhibitory when compared to Zn-sulfate ion control. Across strains and conditions, determined that ZnO was relatively more inhibitory, with CeO2 the next inhibitory and TiO2 the least. However, inhibitory concentrations were remarkably similar across media and strains, i.e. within order of magnitude, indicating common mechanisms under investigation. Discovered that P. aeruginosa disagglomerates TiO2, using DLS, and quantitative high resolution microscopy. Submitted manuscript for review /publication for this latter project. Quantitatively assessed conditions leading to disagglomeration of TiO2 in abiotic culture media and showed comparable results to IRG4. IRG 2-4: Developed dynamic energy budget model of effects of Cd(II) on bacterial growth, using growth curve data collected experimentally from IRG2-3 for CdSe QD and Cd(II) growth inhibition studies published in 2009. Showed that assumptions involving reactive oxygen species (ROS) affecting controls improve the model fit to data. Completed calibration of model to new data generated by IRG2-3 of optical density versus cell counts, using these results to calibrate data at high cell density regions of growth curves. Drafted manuscript for this model and data set for internal review. IRG 2-5: Completed all measurements related to simple trophic transfer study (bacteria to protozoans) of Cd(II) versus CdSe QDs where significant bioaccumulation in bacteria and biomagnification to protozoa are observed. TEM revealed cessation of digestion for QD treatments in protozoa, differently from Cd(II) alone. Modeling of protozoan growth curve data revealed differential growth rates for Cd(II) versus QD treatments that are explainable by digestion impedance visualized in STEM images. Researched predator-prey literature regarding preferential feeding which is not exhibited here, and defined major discovery of this experiment as one of differential digestion due to feeding on QD-laden bacteria. Drafted manuscript which is under internal review / revision. IRG 2-6: Completed acquisition of all STEM images of protozoa and bacteria associated with IRG2-5 and completed all EDS analysis. Began analysis of EDS data relative to controls with the objective of assessing atomic ratios of QD surface atoms (as resolved by EDS) at locations of QD cellular sequestration (e.g. cell membrane, mitochondria, food vacuoles, etc.). Ongoing is assessing efficacy of atomic ratio analysis for characterizing NP fate in biological tissues and cells. Completed STEM image acquisition for all bacteria-NM conditions in IRG2-4, with the objective of assessing cell damage by association of NMs with cell membranes. This data is currently under analysis. IRG 2-7: Implemented as purified, purified and carboxyl-functionalized single wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNT) obtained from IRG 1 for cell toxicity testing in RAW264 cells. Developed dispersal protocol for SWCNT using fetal bovine serum and obtained data showing differential toxicity of the 3 tube types as determined by cell viability, cytokine productions and ROS assays. Preliminary results indicate that the nanomaterials exert toxicity through their metal impurities as well as through their size.


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Impacts on the Overall Goals of the Center: The overall goals of exploring mechanisms is most highly developed at this point for the mammalian cell lines in IRG2-1 and also with the zebra fish in vivo research in IRG2-1. However, other projects are also demonstrating impact, including HTS-oriented assays and screening results for dose-response relationships in marine organisms (embryos and mussels) as well as for bacteria. The focus on mechanisms for these latter systems is progressing, having established effective doses and initial data sets regarding effects and nanomaterial associations with test organisms. Dispersion protocols, a methodological emphasis, were advanced for all projects. Dispersant selection and performance was advanced with mammalian cells and embryos, where the latter, in seawater, effectively utilized alginate as a dispersant. Dispersion protocols and dispersants for bacterial culture media were tested, and are currently being finalized. The spectrum of NPs being tested is widening, as are the cellular systems being tested. Doping ZnO with Fe was found to significantly reduce ZnO NP toxicity to mammalian cells, and screening for toxicity of these and other NPs can now be rapidly performed in a high content manner which promises early delivery of data suitable for expert model development. ZnO was found to enter and exert substantial toxicity to sea urchin embryos, and new methods are under development to assess cellular damage (e.g. oxidation and membrane damage). Bacterial toxicity research showed that ZnO and CeO2 are more growth inhibitory than TiO2; hypotheses for mechanisms and methods for testing differences between gram positive and negative strains are under evaluation. To increase the environmental relevance of bacterial studies, a bacterial culture medium was recruited and tested for simulating oligotrophic conditions. A trophic transfer experiment (bacteria to protozoa) was completed, showing for the first time bioaccumulation and biomagnifications of CdSe QDs in a simplified microbial food web, but, more importantly a differential effect of QDs on protozoan digestion of bacteria. Two other high impact products include, for the first time, a DEB model applied to Cd(II)-affected bacteria during growth, and also the discovery that bacteria can disagglomerate a common metal oxide which has implications for transport in porous media in the environment. Major Planned Activities for the Next Year: • Analyze the data from in vitro and in vivo toxicity studies with metal and metal oxide nanoparticles using computational expertise from IRG-6 for (1) ranking the nanoparticles according to their toxicity (2) assessing the predictive power of in vitro studies, (3) start building up the expert system required to generate structure-activity relationships (in collaboration with IRG6). • Conduct cytotoxicity studies in combinatorial nanomaterial library that includes CeO2 , ZnO, CuO and CoO (with varying size), quantum dots (varying structure and surface functionalization), carbon nanotubes (with varying degrees of heavy metal contaminant and surface modification). This study will help us in understanding toxicity paradigms other than oxidative stress paradigm and in generating the structure activity relationships. • Study the cytotoxicity of iron doped TiO2 under dark and illuminated conditions and understand the effect of iron doping on the abiotic and biotic reactive oxygen generation during light activation. • Evaluate oxidative damage and cell viability endpoints in sea urchin embryos, and in mussel (immune and respiratory) cells exposed to ZnO. • Expand NP range beyond initial triology of metal oxides.


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• Expand documentation of experimental protocols, with an initial emphasis on dispersant selection, testing, and validation. • Recruit and apply assays for assessing effects of metal oxides on bacteria, including evaluating membrane potential, dehydrogenase activity and membrane integrity. • Discover explanation for enhanced growth inhibition of metal oxide NPs to gram positive versus gram negative bacteria. • Recruit transcriptomic approach for bacterial response to selected NP (grad student project development). • Advance NP aging characterization by TEM/EDS. • Prepare and submit several manuscripts for publication (at least two associated with IRG2-1, one or more with IRG2-2, two with IRG2-3, one with IRG2-4, and one with IRG2-5). • Develop bacterial HTS platform with IRG5 at UCLA, incorporating screening assays recruited during this period.


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IRG 3 - Organismal, Population, Community, and Ecosystem Toxicology Faculty Investigators: Bradley Cardinale, UC Santa Barbara - Assistant Professor, Ecology Evolution, Marine Biology Jorge Gardea-Torresday , University of Texas, El Paso - Professor, Chemistry Patricia Holden, UC Santa Barbara - Professor, Environmental Microbiology Hunter Lenihan, UC Santa Barbara - Associate Professor, Marine Biology – AREA LEAD Roger Nisbet, UC Santa Barbara - Professor, Ecology, Evolution, Marine Biology Joshua Schimel, UC Santa Barbara - Professor, Ecology, Evolution, Marine Biology

Number of Graduate Students: 5 Number of Undergraduate Students: 11 Number of Postdoctoral Researchers: 7

IRG 3, in collaboration with IRGs 1, 2, and 4, examines the ecological effects of nanomaterials across three ecosystems (terrestrial plant–soil, freshwater streams, and marine benthos) and processes (e.g., colonization, turnover, trophic cascades, nutrient cycling). In multi-trophic level experiments, bioaccumulation and biomagnification of the nanomaterials will be assessed. Additionally, IRG 3 will explore how nanomaterial exposure influences energy uptake and utilization, and, subsequently, how effects at the molecular and cellular levels can be extrapolated to populations, communities, and ecosystem processes. Goals of IRG 3 The main goal in this IRG is to determine whether engineered nanomaterial (ENM) exposure and the related changes in physiology observed in simple laboratory systems (IRG 2) help to predict changes in demographic rates and thus individual performance of focal species inhabiting terrestrial soil, freshwater, and marine ecosystems. The link between NPs, individual performance, and population dynamics will tested on organisms such a bacteria, phytoplankton, and zooplankton as they have rapid generation and population turn over rates allowing for observations of true dynamics. Tests of the impacts of NPs on populations will be made in simple controlled laboratory conditions as well as more realistic conditions, such as soil plots and current flumes. We are assembling multiple species in mesocosms to mimic community assemblages, food webs, and ecosystem conditions, where we will explore the effects of NPs on predator-prey interactions, competition for resources, biodiversity, and the bioaccumulation and biomagnification of NP contaminants through trophic transfer. At the ecosystem level, within mesocosms, we also plan to test whether NP exposure and uptake alter the rates of ecosystem processes, including nutrient and carbon cycling, respiration, photosynthesis, the provision of ecosystem services, including economically valuable species. The common synthetic activity across IRG 3 is development, testing, and retooling of Dynamic Engery Budget (DEB) modeling, which relies on DEB theory to identify key physiological processes that drive energy acquisition, use, and cell maintenance. DEB modeling predicts quantitatively how NPs, both general and specific types, will influence the physiological parameters, and in turn how demographic rates and population growth rates will respond. Our initial experiments with single species are providing key parameter values, such as population growth rates without NPs, respiration rates when exposed, and No-Effect-Concentrations (NEC), that then came be used in the models to both explain and eventually predict the effects of NPs on population dynamics.


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We conduct much of our work in collaboration with IRG 2, as stated above, and in the development of High Throughput testing for our IRG 3 focal species; with IRG 4, because the fate and transport of NPs in natural media is critical to predicting and assessing their ecological impacts; with IRG 6 to develop wastewater management protocols, technology, and methods for use in our experiments, as well as their application in industry; and also with IRG 6 in developing risk management models.

Our specific goals include: 1) Conduct lab experiments in collaboration with IRG 1 to determine the effects of model NPs

(TiO2, ZnO, AgO2, Quantum dots, and Fullerenes) on demographic rates and energetics of single species, including primary producers (freshwater algae, marine phytoplankton, terrestrial grasses) and consumers (freshwater copepods, marine filter feeders, terrestrial arthropods).

2) Combine species from the experiments above in larger mesocosms to extrapolate single-species results to simple communities to measure effects on food webs, nutrient cycling, and ecosystem function through predation, deposit feeding, and competition.

3) Use rate estimates from the above experiments to parameterize Dynamic Energy Budget (DEB) models to predict natural impacts on aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems.

4) Work with IRG 4 to understand exposure pathways through fate and transport processes. 5) Work with IRG 6 to develop fluid media filtering of NPs for use in processing media used in IRG 2

and 3 experiments, as well as industrial use and wastewater management.

To attain our goals, all components of IRG 3 (IRG 3-1 marine; IRG 3-2 plants; IRG 3-3 Freshwater; IRG 3-4 Terrestrial soil; IRG 3-5 DEB modeling) interact with other each other and other IRGs to varying degrees. Construction of infrastructure to conduct experiments in various media (e.g., marine and estuarine mescosms) is a continuous process, as is the development of DEB models.

Current IRG 3 projects include: Organization and integration of IRG 3 projects

• IRG 3-1: Marine Ecosystem Impacts of Engineered Nanomaterials (Hunter Lenihan) • IRG 3-2: Toxicity and Uptake of Nanoparticles in Terrestrial Plant Species

(Jorge Gardea-Torresdey) • IRG 3-3: Dynamic Energy Budget (DEB) Modeling to Support Design of Aquatic Microcosm

Experiments (Roger Nisbet) • IRG 3-4: Nanotoxicology in Terrestrial Mesocosms (Patricia Holden, Joshua Schimel) • IRG 3-5: The Ecological Impacts of TiO2 Nanoparticles on Freshwater Food-Webs

(Bradley Cardinale)

Detailed information about each research project, including an abstract of the project, are available on the CEIN website: http://cein.cnsi.ucla.edu IRG 3-1 marine has investigated zinc oxide and titania NPs and alginate (as a source of dissolved organic carbon) in 96-hour toxicity experiments with phytoplankton. ZnO suppressed growth of all phytoplankton species tested. TiO2 showed no effect on population growth of any phytoplankton species tested. Work with Dr. Keller - IRG 4 has established the timescale and rate of dissolution of ZnO NPs in seawater: dissolution is rapid but not complete over the 4-day timescale of our experiments. TiO2

was not tested becomes it does not dissolve in seawater. Results from this IRG 3 and 4 interaction also identified that ZnO aggregates rapidly and sediments out of solution. As such, we predict that the major toxic effect of ZnO is through dissolved, free Zn. This work produced two papers for the journals E S & T, one in press and one in review.



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The work with IRG 4 on fate and transport indicated, as we had predicted, that MeO NPs will probably enter marine sediment and expose soft-sediment organisms to potentially toxic levels of particulate and/or dissolved metals. To begin assessing the ecological impacts of NP in marine sediments, we conducted a pilot study of the effects of ZnO on marine benthic amphipods, Leptocheirus, a common estuarine species used in ecotox studies, in short-term mortality tests. Aqueous exposures proved highly toxic at relatively low levels. In sediment tests, much higher concentrations were tolerated, likely due to binding of the particles and ionic zinc by sediment. We are currently analyzing sediment, water, and organism samples from these experiments to determine whether amphipods are incorporating zinc, and to what extent sediment binds it up. We expect that results of this pilot project will be submitted for publication within the next 6 months. Finally, we collaborated with Roger Nisbet and his post-doc Erik Muller to DEB model our phytoplankton toxicity data and estimated NEC for 2 species. The model fits did not work for the other two species, and another round of experiments designed to fill in the data gaps were unsuccessful at doing that. This work is included in our paper in review with E S & T. Present modeling focus is on designing mussel experiments to model bioaccumulation. To date, work in this group has focused on single batch containers. The construction of marine mesocosms is almost complete. IGR 3-2 Plants: A primary focus for this reporting period was determine the biological impact of several MeO nanoparticles (NPs) on terrestrial plant species within soil and hydroponic mesocosms. This work built on prior experiments that assessed the effect of ZnO, and CeO2 nanoparticles, and their respective ions on seed germination, root elongation and metal uptake in alfalfa, tomato, cucumber, mesquite and corn. In this period vegetative vigor test for ZnO, TiO2, and CeO2 NPs were performed in mesquite plants grown in hydroponics. Other plants that are under study are soybean, palo verde, cucumber, carrots, and onions. Results showed that none of the NPs reduced plant growth. In addition, at all concentrations, the nanoceria increased the activity of stress enzymes (CAT and APOX) in leaves, while ZnO NPs increased CAT in all tissues and APOX in stems and leaves. Electron microprobe analysis confirmed the presence of Zn in the vascular system of the ZnO NP treated plants, but the nanoceria treated plants showed Ce only in cortex and epidermis. However, x-ray mapping did not show evidence of nanoceria agglomeration in the vascular tissue. XAS studies showed clear evidence of the presence of CeO2 NPs within tissues but ZnO NPs were not observed. Mesquite plants showed signs of visible stress including chlorosis, necrosis, stunting or wilting, even after 30 days of treatment. Mesquite plants also appear able to biotransform the ZnO NPs. Results also showed that at the concentrations used and the growth stage studied, the nanoceria and ZnO NPs exerted low toxicity on mesquite, suggesting that this desert plant may display some resistance to both the nanoceria and ZnO NPs. Further experiments are underway to reveal the uptake mechanisms and the final coordination of Zinc within mesquite. Interactions with other IRGs focused on conceptual understanding of NP-soil-plant interactions involving solid bacteria, and fate and transport of MeOs in soil that may influence uptake through root systems. IGR 3-3 Freshwater: Work in this group consisted of finishing the first round of the freshwater mesocosm experiments. Focus on this group is on TiO2 explicitly. The first block of the mesocosm experiment took four months from set-up to final sampling, and included 100 experimental stream channels that spanned three treatments (3 levels of algal species diversity x presence/absence of herbivores x 3 levels of nano-TiO2). Collaborators included Arturo Keller’s lab (physical characteristics of TiO2), Trish Holden’s lab (bacterial response to TiO2), and Roger Nisbet’s lab (DEB modeling of population dynamics). Research includes cleaning up the TiO2 waste from block 1 and getting ready to set-up for a second round of the experiment, which should be running by March. Experiments designed to separate four possible hypotheses to explain why nano-TiO2 stimulated algal biomass in our first year pilot studies are being initiated. Samples from 2009 pilot studies are being processed, with the only


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data left to collect are analyses of TiO2

in herbivorous snails. Methods for this analysis have proven problematic since digestion of the calcium shells leads to precipitates that interfere in ICP analyses.

This group has conducted integrative work with several other CEIN groups and researchers. Work with has continued with Roger Nisbet and his postdoc Tin Klanjscek to develop a Droop model of algal competition and herbivory that can be used to predict how model ecological system responds to TiO2. Based on these interactions, IRG3-5 has had a significant role in helping to design the freshwater mesocosm experiment, for which they will be using data to parameterize their model. Aside from co-authoring a manuscript with Arturo Keller (accepted and in press), Dr. Keller’s group has collaborated in the freshwater mesocosm experiment by aiding with the design and providing analyses of the physical characteristics of nano-TiO2 in the stream channels. Trish Holden and IRG 3-4 collaborated on the freshwater mesocosm experiment, helping to design the project and adding a component to sample bacterial biofilms to assess their response to TiO2

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IRG 3-4 terrestrial: Focus within this group was mainly on soil microbes in grassland ecosystems. Experiments tested natural communities of grasses, arthropods, and soil microbes, to estimate effects of NPs on carbon and nitrogen cycling. Concurrently, this group is developing genetic techniques to identify population changes in specific microbial groups (e.g., ammonia oxidizers) causing the changes in remineralization and immobilization rates seen in their experiments. DNA was extracted from soil samples exposed to TiO2 (0, 500, 1000 and 2000 µg g-1 fresh soil) and ZnO (50, 100 and 500 µg g-1 soil). Results showed a negative dose-response relationship between the exposure concentration and the extractable soil DNA. The effect of ZnO on the extractable soil DNA was stronger than that of TiO2

, as reflected by a higher slope of dose-response curve for ZnO. PCR was performed using the extracted soil DNA as template and universal bacteria primers (Bac8f and Univ1492r). PCR products were purified and quantified for the digestion reaction. Restriction enzyme digestion was performed and the digested products were sent to UC Berkeley for electrophoresis (We are waiting for the T-RFLP results of overall bacterial community).

IRG 3-5 DEB modeling: Specific aims of this group during the reporting period were to develop simple models of microcosms with multiple algal species and a single herbivore species exposed in freshwater systems to TiO2 in collaboration with IRG 3-3; and to use DEB models to help interpret data on growth of marine phytoplankton exposed to ZnO NPs with IRG 3-1. The work under Aim 1 (simple models of microcosms) is in progress. We collaborate closely with Kulaki and Cardinale, including contributions to the design of additional experiments to accompany the mesocosm studies. We completed the work planned under aim 2 (using DEB models to help interpret data on growth of marine phytoplankton exposed to nanomaterials). A DEB framework was used to model the effects of two metal oxide NPs on phytoplankton growth (experiments reported under IRG 3-1). The model was used to estimate the concentrations of NPs that have no effect on population growth (NEC) for the diatom Skeletonema marinoi and for Thalassiosira pseudonana. Major Accomplishments of IRG 3 (since March 2009) Major accomplishments in IRG3 consisted of submitting and publishing several papers, initiating mesocosm work in the plant, terrestrial soli, and freshwater systems work, and conducting a large array of integrative work among subgroups within IRG 3, with other IRGs, and with CEINT. Publications during the current reporting year at listed in Section 15 of the report. Mesocosm work, conducted in collaboration with DEB modeling and IRG 2 progressed in the plant (IRG 3-2), freshwater (IRG 3-3), and terrestrial soil (IRG 3-4) groups. These experiments included not only tests of the effects of NP (MeO and Quantum DOTS) on population processes, but also trophic transfer and bioaccumulation. The work was well integrated with DEB modeling which is designed to describe


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and predict general effects of NPs on ecological processes. We found strong evidence in aquatic systems that ZnO is significantly toxic to primary producers, mainly through the dissolution of Zn from NPs and exposure of the organisms to ionic Zn. We also found little evidence that TiO2 is toxic to aquatic primary producers. Both these MeO were sequestered in terrestrial plants were they had negative effects that was dependent on the species of plant. Quantum dots are taken up by bacteria and accumulate in predatory protista, indicating that bioaccumulation occurs even on the smallest spatial scale. Finally, working with IRG 6 we developed wastewater-processing technology that will allow us to pursue mesocosms work avoiding substantial costs associated with hazardous waste generation, and without causing environmental harm.

Impacts on the Overall Goals of the Center: Our overall goal of exploring mechanisms by which NPs influence population- and community-level impacts was realized through advances made in six research foci. First, work of the two aquatic groups, marine and freshwater, indicates that MeO NPs that dissolve in solution (e.g., ZnO) reduce primary production and the abundance of microalgae, and therefore have the capacity to negatively impact aquatic food webs. In contrast, MeO NPs that do not dissolve readily (TiO2) appear to have little negative impact on algae, and for some freshwater species may enhance primary production. The toxic effects of ZnO appear to be related to the dissolution of Zn ions from aggregates that form and attach to stable surfaces and perhaps to cell walls. Second, negative dose responses between concentrations of MeOs and extractable DNA in bacteria indicating that these NPs reduce bacterial abundance. Results were similar to work with aquatic primary producers (microalgae) in that ZnO appeared more toxic than TiO2. Third, empirical evidence provided by TEM images, clearly indicates that primary consumers of aquatic microalgae and soil bacteria can sequester and thus bioaccumulate MeO and carbon Quantum Dots through predation, thus clearly indicating trophic transfer and the capacity for bioaccumulation and biomagnifications. Fourth, terrestrial plants uptake, sequester, and accumulate MeO NPs, and display signs of stress including chlorosis, necrosis, stunting, and wilting. Plants also appear resistant to toxicity of ZnO because they can biotransform the NPs into a less toxic form. Fifth, DEB modeling is proving to be a extremely valuable platform in predicting the general population-level impacts of NPS on primary producers through the negative effects of NPs on cellular-level energy uptake and utilization. Lastly, work in mesocosms indicates that MeO NPs entering natural ecosystems accumulate as expected in specific environmental sinks, including plant biomass and aquatic sediments, thus reducing toxicity to organisms. Work with marine invertebrates, for example, indicated that exposure to MeO NPs dissolved in water were highly toxic most of the material accumulated rapidly in sediments where it was chemically bond by organic material, became less bioavailable, and dramatically less toxic. Our understanding of environmental sinks was made possible through our integrative work with IRG 4. Major Planned Activities for the Next Year: Next year’s activities include tests of the effects of CeO2, AgO2, and SWCNT on marine phytoplankton, as well as the effects of these NPS, along with ZnO and TiO2 on marine grazers, especially copepods (pelagic) and mussels (benthic). Work with mussels will also be pursued in additional multi-IRG experiments that integrate fate and transport, IRG 2 work on physiological and histological responses, mussel performance, and DEB modeling. We plan to expose mussels to NPs vis-a-vis direct uptake and uptake through contaminated phytoplankton and zooplankton. We will also move ahead with mesocosms experiments in freshwater and soil systems, examining effects of characterized NPs on primary production, population dynamics, genetics, biodiversity, bioaccumulation and biomagnifications. Aspects of this work will be conducted in close collaboration with Roger Nisbet’s group to both design the best experiments, and to generalize the results in terms of the potential impacts of a wide variety of nanomaterials.


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IRG 4: Fate & Transport of Nanoparticles Faculty Investigators: Yoram Cohen, UCLA - Professor, Chemical Engineering Arturo Keller, UC Santa Barbara - Professor, Environmental Biogeochemistry – AREA LEAD Hunter Lenihan, UC Santa Barbara - Associate Professor, Marine Biology Ponisseril Somasundaran, Columbia University - Professor, Materials Science Sharon Walker, UC Riverside - Assistant Professor, Chemical and Environmental Engineering Number of Graduate Students: 7 Number of Undergraduate Students: 6 Number of Postdoctoral Researchers: 6 Goals of IRG 4: IRG 4 research focuses on determining the nanoparticle (NP) characteristics, environmental conditions and processes that control NP mobility, reactivity, bioavailability and persistence in different media. Organization and Integration of IRG 4 Projects: Note: Project numbering reflects the order in which these projects were originally submitted, rather than scientific organization.

Current IRG 4 projects include:

• IRG 4-1: Photoactivated Reaction Kinetics of ZnO, TiO2, and CeO2 Nanoparticles in Aqueous Systems, Including IRG 3 Media (Arturo Keller)

• IRG 4-2: Role of NOM on Fate and Transport of Nanoparticles Under Varying Solution Chemistries (Arturo Keller)

• IRG 4-3: Effect of Wettability on the Transport and Fate of Metal Oxide Nanoparticles (Ponisseril Somasundaran)

• IRG 4-4: Packed Bed Column, Parallel Plate Flow Cell, and a Radial Stagnation Point Flow Chamber Transport Studies using SRMs (Sharon Walker)

• IRG 4-5: Interaction forces of ZnO, TiO2, and CeO2 nanoparticles with natural and engineered surfaces under different aqueous solution chemistries (Arturo Keller)

• IRG 4-6: Coagulant-enhanced membrane filtration for metal-oxide nanoparticle removal from wastewater (Yoram Cohen and Hunter Lenihan)

Detailed information about each research project, including an abstract of the project, are available on the CEIN website: http://cein.cnsi.ucla.edu The studies of nanoparticle mobility are divided into two key processes, namely aggregation (Project IRG 4-2) and deposition onto surfaces (Projects IRG 4-4 and IRG 4-5). These processes are influenced by the environmental conditions in which the NPs are dispersed, and in particular the presence of specific



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organic macromolecules; this is being studied under Project IRG 4-3. Photoactivity of the NPs in different environmental conditions is being studied under Project IRG 4-1. Persistence of NPs is being evaluated as part of the work related to Project IRG 4-4. Finally, the destabilization of NPs to sediment them out, for example in wastewater treatment, is conducted under Project IRG 4-6. The work is done in close collaboration with other IRGs, which provide us with NPs and their primary characterization (IRG 1) as well as the environmental conditions (IRGs 2 and 3) that are relevant for the UC CEIN studies. We work closely with IRGs 2 and 3 to determine the bioavailability of the NPs. We also work with IRG 5 with regards to developing high-throughput screening methods for fate and transport parameters. Our results feed the expert database and models in IRG 6, which then provides us with feedback to develop new experiments to test emerging hypothesis about NP fate and transport. We provide information to IRG 7 for their risk perception studies. Major Accomplishments of IRG 4 (since March 2009): During the past year a major study of the aggregation and sedimentation behavior of the three metal oxide (MeO) NPs in various natural waters was conducted, included seawater, freshwater and groundwater (Project IRG 4-2). The electrophoretic mobility (EPM) of the NPs in these various aqueous matrices was found to be statistically related to the concentration of NOM and ionic strength (IS), but functionally independent of pH, within the range of conditions in these natural waters. The transition between reaction-limited and diffusion-limited aggregation was shown to be a function of the measured EPM. The actual EPM controls the rate of sedimentation of the NPs in these various media. A paper was accepted in ES&T in Feb 2010. In a related study, additional work in IRG 4-2 evaluated the effect of NP morphology on the aggregation process. A second publication in Water Research has just been accepted based on this work. This information is being used by Project IRG 4-6 to design a system for treating NP-laden wastewater. Studies on the removal of nanoparticles (NP) from aqueous systems have shown that efficient removal of NP can be achieved (>99%) by the combination of optimal pH destabilization, coagulant dosing, sedimentation and ultrafiltration. This has important implications for water treatment and handling of nanoparticle laden waste streams. A protocol was developed for determining the optimal conditions for the removal of nanoparticles from aqueous dispersions. The experimental protocol utilizes both ICP analysis and DLS measurements to quantify the sedimentation removal efficiency and feasibility of subsequent removal by ultrafiltration. Project IRG 4-4 has been systematically evaluating the behavior of the MeO NPs under different pH and ionic strengths (IS) to study the deposition process in both microfluidic cells and macroscopic porous media. Some of their work has led to the development of two draft protocols for the UC CEIN, on how to disperse NPs from powder and how to measure these parameters. Two different microfluidic cells are used (parallel plate and impingement plate) to study the deposition of NPs under different geometries. These studies are being used to develop a quantitative understanding of the processes that govern NP deposition in porous media. Two publications have been prepared. NPs can also attach to different surfaces. Work at the pore scale with mesocosm waters is being conducted under Project IRG 4-5. To date the attachment forces for various metal and MeO NPs to silica surfaces under mesocosm conditions have been measured. These surfaces are similar to the sediment surfaces that are common in nature. A publication on the attachment of gold NPs to mica surfaces has been prepared.


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In addition to the interaction between NOM and the NPs, there is a need to understand the more specific interactions with particular large biomolecules such as proteins, polymers and surfactants. These interactions are particularly important for understanding bioavailability and NP transport into cells. Project IRG 4-3 is addressing these questions. Probing of the interactions at nano-bio-interfaces at various biological levels will allow one to develop NP structure-activity relationships and ways to mitigate the toxicity. To date this group has developed a technique to quantify the hydrophobicity of particles. Currently, the characterization is effective for evaluating the particles wettability to water. The method is based on measuring trace water absorption on the particles, which can be translated into the surface energy levels of the NP surfaces. A manuscript on this work has been submitted for review. Since reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation is an important reaction for many MeO NPs, and it can have significant implications for toxicity as well as for biogeochemical cycling, Project IRG 4-1 is characterizing ROS production of the MeO NPs in different aqueous media, including seawater, freshwater and groundwater. The kinetics of ROS generation have been calculated in deionized and seawater systems across a range of nanomaterial concentrations. Other natural media are currently being investigated. A manuscript on the first year results is in preparation. Impacts on the Overall Goals of the Center: In collaboration with IRG 3, IRG 4 is answering important questions with regards to the state of the NPs in various environmental media, and the rate of change between states. We have demonstrated the high rate of NP aggregation in seawater and subsequent sedimentation, which has led to a focus on benthic organisms as the most likely to be impacted in these conditions. Working with IRG 3, we’ve also shown that even under these high ionic strength conditions the NPs can be stabilized by increasing the concentration of alginate, a common natural organic present in marine environments. We have also shown that the NPs can be stable in many freshwater systems, due to the adsorption of NOM to the NP surface, which leads to steric hindrance for aggregation. Thus, pelagic organisms in freshwater systems may be at higher risk. We have also shown that the presence of NOM, even at low concentrations, can significantly increase the stability of the NPs in most natural waters. The experiments geared towards NP deposition are serving to better understand the transport of NPs in groundwater system, such as those considered for our terrestrial mesocosms. The work related to the interaction between different NPs and organic molecules of varying hydrophobicity are allowing us to elucidate the type and number of sites on the NP that participate in these very important phenomena. Finally, our work with NPs with different morphologies is shedding light on the importance of this NP characteristic on their stability, aggregation and deposition. These results are serving researchers within the CEIN to understand the behavior of the NPs within their systems, and also are developing, in collaboration with IRG 6, the quantitative framework that can be used to predict the behavior of new NPs in different media. Major Planned Activities for the Next Year: Project IRG 4-1 has developed a multi-well experimental protocol that will significantly accelerate the rate at which these experiments can be conducted. One important question is the role of various water constituents in the promotion or quenching of photoactivity of the NPs. Using the multi-well approach we will explore their individual contribution to this important process. Project IRG 4-2 will generate experimental data to quantitatively describe the complex relationship EPM = f( IS, [NOM], pH), which can then be used to predict the rate of NP aggregation under many different environmental conditions. The work will cover metal and metal oxide NPs. In addition, this project will expand the studies of the effect of NP morphology on its aggregation, using the expanded Standard Reference Material (SRM) catalog that IRG 1 has created.


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Project IRG 4-3 has developed well defined methods for quantifying the hydrophobicity of NPs, using a number of biomolecules. The project will explore the influence of composition, surface properties and other characteristics that determine the hydrophobicity of the NPs, and how this may be influenced by the different biomolecules. Project IRG 4-4 will conduct deposition studies in the microfluidic and macroscopic systems for metal oxide NPs, and then will expand this work to consider other NPs from the expanded SRM catalog. Project IRG 4-5 will expand the studies with different surfaces to clays and silts, as well as with biological (algal) surfaces during the coming year. Different approaches are being considered to quantitatively determine the attachment forces, including AFM, QCM and optical tweezers. Project IRG 4-6 will build a pilot scale NP wastewater treatment system to handle (separately) the waste water generated by the freshwater and seawater mesocosm studies, which is on the order of 1,500 L/month. The system will be operated in batch mode, collecting data to determine the effect of different operating conditions on effluent quality. The discharge requirements have been determined by the UCSB EHS Dept. based on RCRA requirements.


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IRG 5: High-Throughput Screening, Data Mining, and Quantitative-Structure Relationships for NM Properties and Nanotoxicity Faculty Investigators: Kenneth Bradley, UCLA – Assistant Professor, Microbiology – AREA LEAD Hilary Godwin, UCLA – Professor, Environmental Health Sciences Patricia Holden, UCSB – Professor, Environmental Microbiology Shuo Lin, UCLA - Professor, Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology André Nel, UCLA – Professor, Medicine; Chief, Division of NanoMedicine Donatello Telesca, UCLA – Assistant Professor, Biostatistics Jeffrey Zink, UCLA – Professor, Chemistry and Biochemistry Number of Graduate Students: 1 Number of Undergraduate Students: 0 Number of Postdoctoral Researchers: 7 Goals of IRG 5: The overarching goal of IRG5 is to rapidly determine the specific features of NMs that govern their biological interfacial properties. To accomplish this, we are leveraging existing high throughput screening (HTS) capabilities at the UCLA Molecular Screening Shared Resource (MSSR). Several key cell types (e.g., animal, yeast, bacteria) for their toxicity outcomes using a variety of assays that probe direct cytotoxicity, as well as sub-lethal induction of stress. Further, we are employing genomics-based HTS in E. coli and S. cerevisiae in order to determine mechanisms of toxicity induced by NMs. Organization and Integration of IRG 5 Projects: Bradley and Damoiseaux provide general HTS expertise and oversee experiments at UCLA/MSSR and work closely with other groups to facilitate HTS experiments. Currently five active projects are in IRG5 (5-2, 5-3, 5-5, 5-6, and 5-7) and two additional projects are shared between IRG 2 and IRG5 (#IRG 2-1 and 2-3). In addition, there is scientific integration between IRGs 1 and 5 in projects IRG1-6 and IRG1-8 and strong collaboration on data analysis with IRG6. These projects address NM interactions with mammalian and yeast cells (Goals 1 and 3 above). Assays that measure the response to nanomaterials in cells from mammals are performed in collaboration with Nel (IRG 5-5, 5-6) and Bradley (IRG 5-2). Damoiseaux, and Godwin, who have extensive experience using S. cerevisiae in high-throughput screens, oversee yeast assays (IRG5-3) in collaboration with Bradley. Bacterial assays are performed in close collaboration with Bradley, Damoiseaux, Holden, and Hoek, who collectively have extensive experience in screening a wide variety of both Gram-positive and -negative bacteria. Identification of physiological and genetic responses to NMs (IRG 2) provide the mechanistic basis for new HTS assays using genetic reporter systems (e.g., either green fluorescent protein or lux-based). While previous efforts examined the influence of surface functionalization of mesoporous silica NMs on interactions with bacteria (IRG5-1; Goal 2), these studies were restricted to a single NM. Because our goal is to understand a much broader range of NMs, are expanding bacterial studies to include all SRMs and screening of genome-wide knockout collection in E. coli. This work has been initiated in 2010 with the arrival of a new postdoctoral fellow, Dr. Angela Ivask, who is currently a senior research scientist at the National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophyiscs in Estonia (start date at CEIN was March 01, 2010; see 5. Major Planned Activities below).


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Finally, new HTS assays are being developed based on key NM characteristics elucidated in IRG 1. Data from HTS will be analyzed using the informatics approaches developed in IRG6. As assays for fate and transport (IRG 4) have been developed and will be incorporated into HTS screening. Current IRG 5 Projects include: IRG 5-1: The influence of surface functionalization on antimicrobial properties of silver nanocrystals encapsulated in mesoporous silica nanoparticles (Ag@MES) (Ken Bradley, Jeff Zink, Bryan France, Monty Liong). Inactive Project. IRG 5-2: Validation of cell-based assays for high throughput screening to determine toxicity of nanomaterials (Ken Bradley, Bryan France, Robert Damoiseaux). IRG 5-3: High-throughput Characterization of Toxicity and Uptake Mechanisms of CEIN Nanomaterials in S. cerevisiae (Hilary Godwin, Ken Bradley, Andre Nel, Elizabeth Suarez). IRG5-4: Asessment of nanoparticle cellular & assessment of chemical composition of the nanoparticle-corona (Andre Nel, Manuel Orosco, Tian Xia). Inactive Project. IRG5-5: Predictive nanotoxicology through multiparametric high content toxicological screening assay (Andre Nel, Haiyuan Zhang, Tian Xia). IRG 5-6: Nanotoxicity testing in zebrafish (David Schoenfeld, Yan Zhao, Shuo Lin, Andre Nel). IRG 5-7: Statistical Assessment and Toxicity Profiling of Engineered Nanomaterials (Donatello Telesca, Trina Patel). Detailed information about each research project, including an abstract of the project, are available on the CEIN website: http://cein.cnsi.ucla.edu Major Accomplishments of IRG 5 (since March 2009): IRG5-1: Published article in Advanced Materials

Liong, M., France, B., Bradley, K.A.*, and Zink, J.I* (2009) Antimicrobial Activity of Silver Nanocrystals Enscapsulated in Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles. Adv. Mater. 21: 1-6

This project is currently inactive but will be resumed at a later stage when we have more information on metal ion toxicity. We will then resume the work with silica NP as a stealth delivery system to compare to dissolving metal and metal oxide NP. IRG5-2: Currently testing luciferase-based reporter assays in three different mammalian cell lines for HTS compatibility. Additional testing systems have been identified and will be tested in the near future. Preliminary results have identified genotoxicity in a subset of NMs and confirmed stress induction in others. These data have also been used by IRG6 as a training set to establish methods for determining NMs/conditions that significantly induce stress/toxicity. IRG5-3: The genome-wide collection of knockout S. cerevisiae strains was obtained, validated and reformatted for HTS. EC50 tests in YPD of positively charged polystyrene (62nm), titanium dioxide



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(titania), zinc oxide, and cerium oxide (ceria) particles (PS-NH2, TiO2, ZnO, and CeO2 respectively) were performed with wildtype yeast to identify NMs that would be of high interest for testing against the knockout collection (e.g. those that showed toxicity to WT yeast). An endpoint optical density assay using wildtype yeast was used to calculate EC50 values. Titania and ceria were not toxic below 1 mg/mL concentrations and increasing the concentration above this threshold is not possible since the nanoparticles are not dispersable and sediment in the wells. EC50 concentrations at pH 6.4 were determined to be 50 ug/mL for 62 nm (primary size) PS-NH2 nanoparticles, and 250 ug/mL for 20-30 nm (primary size) ZnO nanoparticles. Metal oxides demonstrated greater toxicity in the presence of the antibiotic ampicillin than without. This has important implications for mechanism of toxicity as well as implications for experiments performed in mammalian systems. Based on this result, effects of inclusion of antibiotics (Pen/Strep) in mammalian systems should be analyzed. No significant difference was noted for polystyrene particles +/- ampicillin. Collaboration with IRG 1 (Dr. Ivy Ji) has provided characterization of CEIN SRMs (titanium dioxide, cerium oxide, and zinc oxide) in YPD (rich) and SD (minimal) yeast growth media. Specifically, particle size was characterized in water and media. Metal oxides tested (except zinc oxide NPs) approach micron sized diameters in YPD and SD versus a primary size of 15-30 nm. Thus, aggregation likely occurs in yeast growth media and will be taken into account in data analysis. To establish conditions for the genome-wide screen, a pilot run was completed with wildtype background yeast of the Mat a strain. The pilot was run for 24 hours to test the growth assay on the MSSR robotics and plate reader set-up. This run identified characteristics of the strain such as growth rate and hour at which stationary phase is achieved. The run was also analyzed for potential artifacts that may arise during the growth process and for the number of replicates needed for a reasonable 90% confidence interval. In conjunction with Dr. Donatello Telesca (IRG 5-7), the data from the pilot were analyzed. Based on this analysis, no more than five replicates are necessary to reliably calculate the variables of interest (carrying capacity and doubling time). A doubling time of 1.7 hours was calculated, and stationary phase is reached at 18 hours. Dr. Telesca will analyze the confidence intervals of doing 1-4 replicates to determine if these are acceptable and allow us to reduce the number of replicates. Finally, Dr. Suarez has met several times with Sumitra Nair of IRG6 to go over preliminary data and walk through the type of data IRG5 will be providing and attended IRG6 group meeting as relevant to CEIN work. IRG5-5: Aim 1, a multiparametric high content screening assay was used to assess the hierarchical Tier 3 oxidative stress effects of zinc oxide nanoparticles doped by different levels of iron in immortalized epithelial cell lines (BEAS-2B and R 3/1) compared with that in primary cell line (NHBE). We found that zinc oxide nanoparticles without doping showed high toxicity to above these cell lines in which increased intracellular calcium influx, increased superoxide anion level, mitochondrial membrane depolarization and increased plasma membrane leakage were observed. However, with an increase in doped iron levels, the nano zinc oxide showed gradually decreased toxicities and the lowest toxicity was found in zinc oxide nanoparticles doped by 10% of iron. Moreover, immortalized cell lines (BEAS-2B and R 3/1) showed stronger toxic responses to nanomaterials compared with primary cell line (NHBE). In Aim 2, the different hierarchical Tier 3 oxidative stress effects between differentiated and undifferentiated NHBE cell line treated by zinc oxide nanoparticles doped by different levels of iron or mesoporous nanoparticles coated by different PEI polymers are currently being assessed by a multiparametric high content screening assay. We will determine the toxicological response in differentiated NHBE cells, and test our hypothesis that cellular differentiation will lead to high toxicological response to nanomaterials.


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After integrating the results in Aim1 and Aim 2, we can conclude that toxicities of nanomaterials tightly correlate with the cell types and stages. IRG 5-6: The NP toxicity in early zebrafish embryos is being measured over a 120 hour period from observed hatching rates, mortality rates, heart rate and abnormal morphology (ex: pericardial/yolk sac edema, large/small yolk, short tail, underdeveloped eyes, necrotic tissue). Thus far, the toxicity of Ag, Au, Pt, Al2O3, Fe3O4, SiO2, quantum dots (QD), ZnO and Fe-doped ZnO has been assessed at 4 concentrations (maximum of 25 ppm). Of these NPs tested, Ag, Pt, ZnO and QD demonstrated toxicity at one or more of the tested concentrations, as expected from earlier in vitro testing. Furthermore, embryos treated with Fe-doped ZnO displayed fewer signs of toxicity relative to their undoped ZnO-treated counterparts, which in vitro testing suggested may be due to a slower build-up of Zn2+ in solution. In order to determine how ROS contributed to these toxicities, a ROS-reactive fluorescent dye will be administered to a cell suspension prepared from live embryos and analyzed via FACS (dye does not penetrate whole embryos,) though trials are still ongoing. Overall, our progress indicates that metal/metal oxide NP toxicities observed in vivo closely agrees with those anticipated from in vitro testing. Thus, zebrafish appears to be a valid model for corroborative testing of the cell culture system, and should prove useful in ascertaining the mechanism(s) of NP toxicity in aquatic organisms. IRG 5-7: 1. Finalized the probability model to describe ENM toxicity profiles. 2. Finalized the probability model to associate ENM toxicity to ENM properties. 3. Begun to implement the model in (1). Impacts on the Overall Goals of the Center: High throughput screening projects supported by IRG5 provide a wealth of insight into nanomaterial properties associated with cellular toxicity, and provide mechanistic insight into such toxicity. Assays involving animal cells (IRG 5-2 and 5-5) probe a variety of biological responses but utilize a similar panel of cell types and nanomaterials, thus providing greater analytical power by enabling comparison of results. IRG 5-2 determines sub-lethal changes in gene transcription as a measure of stress and toxicity, while IRG 5-5 leverages a series of hierarchical oxidative response assays developed by Nel. Findings from IRG 5-5 have now been utilized to inform experiments in intact animals (zebrafish; IRG 5-6), thus validating cell-based assays and accelerating discovery of mechanisms of nanotoxicity. Assays that measure responses of single-cell eukaryotic (yeast) and those planned for prokaryotic (bacteria) organisms both take advantage of cutting edge genomic approaches enabled by HTS capabilities of the MSSR. Specifically, NMs will be screened against libraries of both E. coli and S. cerevisiae in which every non-essential gene is individually knocked out. These assays not only provide information on toxicity associated with NM properties (composition, size, dose, etc…) but will provide direct mechanistic insight into biological pathways involved in the cellular response and induction of toxicity. Finally, HTS and HCS assays are necessary to generate the volume of data needed by IRG6 to build models of how and why NMs display cytotoxicity. Establishment of these assays enables increased throughput with new NMs (see planned activities) that are required to generate data sufficient to begin modeling.


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Major Planned Activities for the Next Year: We plan to implement HTS assay validation in bacteria starting in March, 2010. IRG5 recently hired a postdoc (Angela Ivask) who started with the Center in March 2010. IRG5-1: The student working on this project has graduated and moved to a postdoctoral position. Because the highly focused nature of this project was not perfectly in line with the HTS goals of IRG5, we decided to shift our efforts towards screening the E. coli genome-knockout collection, which will be performed by Dr. Ivask upon her arrival. The library has already been obtained and arrayed by Dr. Suarez. This project will receive a new number (e.g. IRG5-8) when it official begins. Dr. Zink also plans to expand the use of silica to additional metals (e.g., Co, Cu, Au) in the future, at which point in time the metal-doped particles will be subjected to HTS. IRG5-2: We will work with IRG6 to analyzed existing HTS data, and expand assay the collection of NMs to include those beyond the SRMs. IRG5-3: Due to the size of the library (57 x 96-well plates, or 15 x 384-well plates), it was determined that a first screen should focus on determining the carrying capacity of the screen when exposed to nanoparticles at IC50. Performing a genome-wide screen and taking readings every hour as was planned previously was determined to require too much machine time would introduce artifacts from evaporation during the screen. Doing a first screen as an end point OD reading reduces the time of assay to 20-24 hours. The first run will assay 57 nm positively charged polystyrene nanoparticles (PS-NH2) at 50ug/mL (IC50). IRG 2-3 and 1-8: IRG5 will work with IRG 2 (Holden) and IRG1 (Dr. Zink) to leverage bacterial-based HTS assays for testing of SRMs and expanded NM sets (see IRG2-1).


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IRG 6 - Modeling of the Environmental Multimedia Distribution and Toxicity of Nanoparticles Faculty Investigators: Kenneth Bradley, UCLA - Assistant Professor, Microbiology Yoram Cohen, UCLA - Professor, Chemical Engineering – AREA LEAD Francesc Giralt, Universitat Rovira I Virgili - Professor, Chemical Engineering Hilary Godwin, UCLA - Professor, Environmental Health Sciences Jordi Grifoll, Universitat Rovira I Virgili - Associate Professor, Chemical Engineering Barbara Herr Harthorn, UC Santa Barbara - Associate Professor, Women’s Studies/Anthropology Patricia Holden, UC Santa Barbara - Professor, Environmental Microbiology Hunter Lenihan, UC Santa Barbara - Associate Professor, Marine Biology André Nel, UCLA - Professor, Medicine; Chief, Division of NanoMedicine Robert Rallo, UCLA & Universitat Rovira I Virgili - Associate Professor, Chemical Engineering Number of Graduate Students: 2 Number of Undergraduate Students: 1 Number of Postdoctoral Researchers: 3 Goals of IRG6 IRG6 focuses on the development of modeling and analysis tools to assess the environmental transport and fate of nanomaterials (NMs), cellular and toxicological responses, and implications for their environmental impact via a multimedia modeling (MM) approach. In this approach matrix-specific concentrations (and mass fractions) available for interaction of nanomaterials (NMs) with the biological receptors of concern are estimated via transport and fate models considering regional and site-specific geographical and meteorological conditions, in addition to estimated NMs releases to the environment. The outcome of the multimedia transport and fate analysis is a quantification of the significant transport and potential exposure pathways, the expected media concentrations, and intermedia fluxes. Additionally, data from high throughput toxicity screening of NMs are integrated into the models, and framework for the structure-activity relationship models are developed . Output from the MM models is then used as input to ranking analysis of the impact of NMs, given data on concentration-weighted measures of their environmental impact. The above ranking approach, along with information on perception of potential environmental impacts of nanotechnology (IRG7), form the basis for the construction of a decision tree considering the potential impact of new nanomaterials and options for their safe design. IRG6 Projects and CEIN Service: • IRG6-1 - Data management for HTS data analysis, nanoparticle transport and fate modeling, and

toxicity (Yoram Cohen)

• IRG6-2 - CEIN collaboration infrastructure; (IRG6-3) Machine learning analysis and modeling of high throughput screening data for NMs (Yoram Cohen)

• IRG6-4 - Development of a framework for machine Learning analysis and modeling of high throughput screening data: software development (Yoram Cohen)

• IRG6-5 - Modeling framework for multimedia analysis of the environmental distribution of nanoparticles (Yoram Cohen)

• IRG6-6 - Multimedia transport and fate of nanoparticles: software development (Yoram Cohen)


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• IRG6-7 - Environmental multimedia decision analysis software for nanoparticle (Yoram Cohen) Detailed information about each research project, including an abstract of the project, are available on the CEIN website: http://cein.cnsi.ucla.edu Key questions: What are the factors affecting the transport of nanoparticles across the relevant environmental phase boundaries and how can these be quantified via deterministic models? Can the environmental transport parameters for NMs (e.g., deposition velocities, diffusion coefficients, sticking coefficients) be predicted and/or correlated based on their fundamental physicochemical properties that include their state of aggregation? How are NMs distributed among environmental compartments and what are the major factors controlling these distributions? Can appropriate taxonomy for nanoparticles be developed along with data-driven models of physicochemical and toxicological properties of NMs for use in multimedia impact assessment models? Organization and integration of IRG6 Projects IRG 6 is addressing the above questions with the following major objectives: (a) provide researchers of IRG 1-IRG 5 with generalized models to categorize the behavior of nanoparticles according to their physicochemical and toxicological properties, (b) determine the adequacy of the CEIN databases for enabling sufficient data mining for the development of predictive models, and (c) develop environmental multimedia impact models suitable for assessing the environmental distribution of nanomaterials (with a focus on the aquatic environment) and the implications of their environmental impact. IRG6 consists of seven sub-projects. The first two are primarily service tasks (IRG 1 and IRG 2) and the remaining focus on fundamental research. In order to address objectives (a) and (b), IRG6 is developing the algorithmic (and software) building blocks (IRG 6-3 and IRG 6-4) necessary for data-mining, selection and ranking of NP properties for QSAR development, and pattern recognition (including advance clustering analysis). In order to achieve the above, a computational cluster infrastructure was developed (IRG 6-1, IR G6-2). The computational infrastructure includes hardware and general server software component for a CEIN database that are now in place at the UCLA CNSI building. IRG 6 is now working to integrate available CEIN and external literature data into a data archiving system that consists of a database for modeling purposes and a searchable data file library using the NCEAS system (IRG6-1). In addition, in order to facilitate the sharing of CEIN information (both technical and non-technical), a collaboration server was established (IRG 6-2) and training provided to CEIN members. Major accomplishments (Since March 2009) IRG 6-1 and IRG 6-2 (a) A computational facility has been established in the space provided for IRG6 in mid-march 2009 (in 5545 CNSI, UCLA) to serve the computational, modeling, and collaborative research activities of the CEIN. The hardware (computers) for the facility has been purchased and installed. All the networking work for the cluster has been completed and now numbers 52 CPUs. Software installed on the cluster includes scientific programming tools such as MATLAB, as well as multipurpose programming languages such as FORTRAN, Java, C and C++ (IRG6-1); (b) Possible architectures for the CEIN data archiving were assessed including the UCLA-Sensorbase and NCEAS-Metacats, however none of these fulfills the specific requirements for managing NP data (IRG6-1); (c) MATLAB licenses were obtained (SeasNet) and software now takes advantage of the computational cluster (IRG 6-1);



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(d) A data archiving format was proposed for NP size distribution data and the HTS data sets (IRG6-1); (e) A collaboration (Share Point) site for the CEIN was developed (nearly 140 CEIN users registered) with training and maintenance provided by IRG 6 (IRG 6-2); (f) CEIN’s Collaborative Infrastructure underwent significant upgrades in order to adapt the system to the needs of the new CEIN Data Repository and Data Management System. The upgrades include migration of the operating system to Windows Server 2008 Enterprise R2, upgrade of the user management system to Active Directory to improve administration management tasks, migration of SharePoint Services to SharePoint Server infrastructure, and installation and configuration of new database engine MS-SQL Server 2008 (IRG 6-2); (g) Each IRG, as well as the Protocols, and Education group now has its own subsite with a designated site administrator. A number of training sessions were held on the use of the CEIN SharePoint site and a general training session was recorded with Elluminate. (IRG 6-2); (h) IRG6 has provided assistance to the CEIN administration regarding the planning of a new CEIN website. The cein.ucla.edu subdomain now resides in the CEIN server, and administered by IRG 6. (IRG 6-2); (i) IRG 6 has joined a major national initiatives (caNanoLab and caBIG) related to the standardization of NP data; (j) IRG 6 has been coordinating, within the Protocols Group, the development of CEIN-wide procedures for data management including the development of guidelines for data file preparation; and (k) CUDA libraries for parallel processing using GPU cards have been installed and configured in the CEIN cluster to speed-up the Monte-Carlo Simulations of NP aggregation. IRG 6-3 (a) A cytotoxicity dataset developed by IRG 5 was utilized to develop a set of tools for statistical analysis of toxicokinetic patterns for nanoparticles and to determine the proper application domain for QSAR development. Classification of toxico-kinetic time series was evaluated using diverse statistical and machine learning techniques. This part of the effort is aimed at developing a screening classification models from the relationships between cluster representatives and NP properties. Visual data mining techniques including Heat-Maps and Self-Organized Maps (SOM) have been applied for knowledge extraction from HTS data sets. The data used in this study was based on the oxidative stress screening paradigm and consisted of in vitro analysis of the cytotoxic effects produced by eight nanoparticles (Au, Ag, Pt, Al2O3, Fe3O4, SiO2, ZnO and CdSe/ZnS quantum dots on murine RAW 264.7 macrophage cells and human epithelial BEAS-2B cells, respectively; (b) A machine learning kernel-based classifier algorithm was developed to predict the toxicity of nanoparticles (NPs) based on their properties. The set of physicochemical properties used to develop the models included concentration, zeta potential in water, zeta potential and size in bronchial epithelial cell growth medium (i.e., the cell culture medium) and the isoelectric point. An exhaustive search scheme was used to consistently evaluate the performance of the set of classifiers developed using all possible combinations of these physicochemical properties. An ensemble approach was implemented to reduce misclassification risk (especially for low exposure concentrations);


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(c) A novel method of selecting important/representative features for experimental data sets was developed. The method was evaluated on various real-life datasets with different machine learning applications and demonstrated its good learning performance and robustness since it preserves the principal data structures present in data. To deal with more complex situations, where features are non-linearly linked, the original method was extended using a kernel approach. The algorithm has been successfully applied to rank diverse cytotoxicity assays. The ranking of the assays will be useful for prioritizing and designing nanoparticle testing/screening procedures (IRG 5). Two papers describing the feature selection algorithm and its non-linear extension have been submitted for peer-review. The proposed feature selection methods have been applied to identify representative assays for HTS Nano-Toxicity data and the result has been submitted to "Nanotech Conference 2010"; (d) HTS data pre-processing and hit identification techniques have been implemented and assessed with CEIN generated data. Diverse normalization methods based on Z-score, robust Z-score and B-score techniques have been implemented and their impact on data when combined with different hit detection algorithms was analyzed using a set of Luciferase Gene Reporting data provided by IRG 5 (Bradley’s group); (e) A preliminary assessment of the feasibility of ranking the toxicity of nanoparticles was performed using a simple approach based on weight factors, the results obtained are compatible with the experimental evidence found in literature. IRG 6-4 (a) The feature selection methods developed in IRG 6-3 based on Least Squares Error (LSE) have been implemented as Java software components using the Weka3 Data Mining Software library which is one of the most widely used open source libraries for data mining. (b) IRG 6 completed the assessment of diverse open source tools for high dimensional data analysis. Based on this analysis, the main functional requirements for these tools are data mining and HTS data processing capabilities; and support for integration with SQL database engines. Software platforms assessed include RapidMiner, MultiExperiment Viewer (MeV) and KNIME/HCDC. (c) Activities carried out included presentations on the tools and techniques developed (Infosessions) as well as support to IRG 5 member on the use of MeV. IRG 6-5 (a) A Monte Carlo based aggregation model was developed making use of the DLVO theory and Brownian kinetics. The model refined to include sedimentation in order to provide a more accurate simulation of the natural environment, as well as a closer comparison with experimental dynamic light scattering (DLS) measurements of the size distribution of nanoparticle suspensions. Comparison of model results with experimental results for TiO2 nanoparticles aggregation demonstrated predicted aggregates that are consistent with experimental observations (IRG 6-1, IRG 6-4). This model paves the way for the development of parameterized relations to predict the size of secondary NPs that is essential for modeling the transport and fate of NMs; (b) Experimental DLS data needed for validation of the aggregation model was developed for TiO2 and CeO. The evolution of the particle size distributions under various pH, ionic strength and initial NP concentrations were measured and compared favorably with model simulations.


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IRG 6-6 (a) A software framework was developed for the multimedia transport model (Mend-Nano). The architecture for assembly of the system components focuses on the user-end to enable rapid scenario analysis. Various components of the software will be implemented using the theoretical and empirical intermedia transport relations and property QSPRs developed in IRG 6-5 and IRG 6-4, respectively. (b) A component for NP aggregation that will provide estimations of particle size distributions under different conditions is being implemented and tested. The software implementation is being optimized to speed-up de calculations using the GPU infrastructure developed in IRG 6-1. (c) The initial object oriented design of Mend-Nano is being re-engineered to be interoperable with the data model used in CEIN’s Data Management System (IRG 6-2). This will facilitate the access of the transport model to all the experimental physicochemical data and nanoparticle properties stored in the data repository. IRG 6-7 Rapid growth of the nanotechnology industry necessitates the introduction of decision tools to assess the potential impact of new nanomaterials and options for their safe design. It is important to first establish the range of questions and decision areas that may be of interest with respect to nanomaterials production, use, environmental releases, expected exposure levels, and toxicity, as well as perception of various stakeholders. In collaboration with IRG 7, during the third year of the program, the questions and decisions issues (e.g., with respect to production, use and environmental emissions/discharges, NM toxicity and expected exposure levels) will be identified and compiled, along with the main parameters affecting these decisions. Preliminary cause-effect graphs will be generated and Bayesian reasoning models will be derived based on quantitative and qualitative information provided by QSAR models (IRG 6-3 and IRG 6-4) and the fate and transport model developed in IRG 6-5 and IRG 6-6. Impact of this progress on the overall goals of the Center Project IRG 6-1 provides the main computational infrastructure required for NP data analysis and model development. The capacity of the computing cluster has been increased to support massive parallel simulations by using GPU processors. Projects IRG 6-1 and IRG 6-2 provide an important CEIN function by enabling a collaborative computer cluster/software environment for sharing data, documents and models in an efficient workflow mode. These two projects provide the basic infrastructure required for the CEIN Data Management System. The work in IRG 6-3 on algorithms for data analysis (e.g., feature extraction, clustering, and hit identification), along with data mining tools being developed provide the algorithms/software building blocks for the development of HTS data-driven models. Corresponding software applets developed in IRG 6-4 are being applied to CEIN data (IRG 1, IRG 2 IRG 5) to improve data analysis capabilities. The NP aggregation modeling (IRG 6-5) effort is providing information on the expected size distribution of NP suspensions, under various environmental and experimental conditions, and thus supplying information crucial for the design of NP experimental protocols (for both physicochemical properties and toxicity) and for assessing the relative importance of transport pathways pertinent for modeling the transport and fate of nanoparticles. The relevant intermedia NP transport pathways (IRG 4) and associated predictive (and correlative) relations (IRG 6-5), along with aggregation modeling information (and CEIN data; IRG 4, IRG 1), are the necessary foundation for the construction of a multimedia model (IRG 6-5) and a decision tool (IRG 6-7) that will be an integral part of a software package (IRG 6-6 and IRG 6-7) for a NP decision making tool. Major planned activities for the next year During the next year IRG 6 will focus its activities on: (i) Integration of the CEIN Data Management System component to automate the data repository function and data queries; (ii) Expansion of CEIN’s


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computational capabilities through additional CPUs and support for GPU-oriented massive parallel computing; (iii) Development of data-driven nano-QSAR models (using the statistical and data-mining/knowledge extraction tools developed in IRG 6-3 and IRG 6-4) in close collaboration with the CEIN IRG's generating experimental data; (iv) Extension of the NP aggregation model to arrive at parameterized relationships of NP aggregation under different environmental conditions; (v) Development of a modeling framework for the multimedia distribution of nanoparticles that will be interoperable with the CEIN’s Data Management System and integrated with the NP model of IRG 6-5; and (vi) Development of a hazard/risk scoring methodology within a risk evaluation framework that considers the transport and fate of nanomaterials, potential exposures and toxicity measures. Recruitment is nearly completed for a Data Manager to join IRG 6. The Data Manager will analyze a detailed inventory of the data generated across CEIN projects. This inventory will include vital information necessary in the creation of the CEIN database that will feed the modeling activities. The Data Manager will implement procedures for compiling data, developing metadata descriptors for each type of data, and work with individual researchers to ensure data is uploaded into the Sharepoint database. After this initial project, the Data Manager will develop the user interface for data entry, develop scripts for data retrieval, develop query and visualization capabilities, and develop data reports for use by Center participants.


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IRG 7: Risk Perception of Potential Environmental Impacts of Nanotechnology Faculty Investigators: William Freudenberg, UC Santa Barbara - Professor, Environmental Studies and Sociology Barbara Herr Harthorn, UC Santa Barbara - Associate Professor, Women’s Studies/Anthropology – AREA LEAD Patricia Holden, UC Santa Barbara - Professor, Environmental Microbiology Milind Kandlikar, University of British Colombia - Assistant Professor, Institute for Global Issues Nick Pidgeon, Cardiff University - Professor, Applied Psychology Theresa Satterfield, University of British Colombia - Associate Professor, Institute of Resources Number of Graduate Students: 8 Number of Undergraduate Students: 0 Number of Postdoctoral Researchers: 2 Goals of IRG 7: Overall: IRG 7 aims to produce new findings on factors driving emerging public and special interest group perceptions of risks to the environment with regard to specific NMs and their enabled products, on NM emergent perceptions in comparison to past controversial technologies, and on the risk assessment and regulatory challenges posed by NMs, particularly the problem of uncertainty. IRG 7 aims to use the knowledge gained from this research to help UC CEIN incorporate societal concerns in its research and education efforts and to provide inputs for UC CEIN design of outreach components, including responsible risk communication for distinct communities of users. Training of diverse students and postdocs, and integration of social science students with physical and life science researchers in the UC CEIN are additional goals. Goals for past year: IRG 7 aimed to develop and conduct a bibliographic review on the current literature and a new international industry survey of views on safe handling and environmental risks (IRG 7-3), conduct background research and develop a new stage 1 public survey research instrument that will cover publics’ views on the environment, drivers of relative perceptions of risk to different media (air, water, & soil environments), and relative perception of risk of different NMs and NM characterizations (IRG 7-4), to further research on expert and regulator views of risks and the current regulatory environment across the nano product life cycle (IRG 7-2), and to continue comparative environmental risk case analysis, focusing particularly on the early days of nuclear energy (IRG 7-1). Organization and Integration of IRG 7 projects Current IRG 7 Projects include: • IRG 7-1: Comparative Historical Analysis of Environmental Risk Controversies (William Freudenberg) • IRG 7-2: Risk Assessment and Nanomaterial Regulation (Previously titled “ The Impact of Toxicity

Testing Costs on Nanomaterial Regulation.”) (Milind Kandlikar) • IRG 7-3: Environmental Risk and Emerging regulation in Nanomaterials: A 2009 Inventory and Survey

of Industry Perceptions and Practices (Barbara Herr Harthorn and Patricia Holden) • IRG 7-4: Environmental Risk Perception (Barbara Herr Harthorn and Theresa Satterfield)

Detailed information about each research project, including an abstract of the project, are available on the CEIN website: http://cein.cnsi.ucla.edu



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Major Accomplishments of IRG 7 (since March 2009): IRG 7 has accomplished its main goals for the year.

• Industry survey project (IRG 7-3) is nearing the final stages of data collection, and the group has already made public presentations on the findings at UCSB and in Japan to a Japanese nano industry group. Endorsements for the project were obtained from ICON, AIST (Japanese govt.), Singapore’s Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, A*STAR, and the American Industrial Hygiene Association (AIHA) Nanotechnology Working Group. Overall response rate so far is a respectable 13% (n=57) of contacted nano industries in North America, Europe, Asia, and Australia; we anticipate increasing this to ~18-20% before completion of data collection. A few highlights (sample viewgraphs appended):

o 30% or more of companies report handling SWCNTs, nano-silver, nano-gold, TiO2 , ZnO, & silica

o 43% of industry respondents disagree or disagree strongly that volunatry approaches to risk management are effective for protecting human health & environment (see appendix)

o 91% of respondents report having an EHS program; 45% report having a nano-specific program

o ~80% report advertising NM product content and report providing guidance to customers on safe use

o Younger companies (< 10 yrs) are more likely to disclose NM content and to have nano-EHS program

o Companies handling smaller amounts of NM (< Kg at a time) are more likely to dispose of NMs as hazardous waste

• Because of the challenges of upstream conditions of uncertainty about the risks, low public

awareness of nanotechnologies and NMs, and lack of past environmental risk perception research, IRG 7-4 research must be staged carefully, to assess public and special interest views without overly influencing them in the course of the research. Nano environmental risk perception survey (IRG 7-4) has conferred extensively with leading environmental risk perception researchers on design feature, conducted a comprehensive literature review to assess novel aspects of the research, has conducted dozens of ‘mental models’ interviews in Vancouver and Santa Barbara with lay persons and toxicology experts, and is incorporating these results into the draft survey instrument. Lack of fundamental research on environmental risk and values increases the scholarly contribution of this research but likewise adds to the design challenges and preparatory work required.

In preparation for putting the survey in the field, we have interviewed possible web survey providers nationally, identified the most suitable for this highly specialized risk perception survey work and are in contract negotiations with our chosen provider for a national web survey of 1000, with a projected 20-min. survey. We hope to pilot in Mar/Apr and have data by May 1, provided contract terms can be negotiated with the university in a timely fashion.

o Nanotech public risk perception work that serves as background for this research has resulted in publications in Nature Nanotechnology (Satterfield et al 2009), The Chemical Engineer (Pidgeon, Harthorn & Satterfield 2009), AzoNano (Harthorn, Pidgeon & Satterfield 2009), U of Wash Center for Workforce Devt (Harthorn, Bryant & Rogers 2009), and others.

o The group convened a CNS-UCSB funded nano risk perception expert meeting Jan 29-30 2010 that brought together leading experts from around the globe and allowed


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discussion of a number of key emergent issues in perception and regulation (e.g. labeling). We hope to publish these papers in a special issue of Risk Analysis.

o Data from mental models interviews are providing a research contribution in their own right, and we are discussing possible publication.

o Extensive record of public, scientific, social science, governmental, and industry presentations that gives visibility to UC CEIN,

• IRG 7-1 has continued work on one paper and completed another. Both examine comparative aspects of early nanotech with early days of nuclear technology (which experienced a long horizon of high benefit/low risk perception by US publics before risk controversies produced extensive and enduring stigmatization).

• IRG 7-2 has advanced its NM regulatory life cycle analysis by preparation of an invited lengthy

report for the Chemical Heritage Foundation (Beaudrie, forthcoming). A planned web survey of nano S&E, nanotoxicology, and regulator experts is readying to put in the field after extensive redesign and arduous sample construction requiring many months of preparation.

Impacts on the Overall Goals of the Center: IRG 7 contributes to research, education and outreach goals of the UC CEIN. IRG 7 research findings can be applied to UC CEIN research design that will address societal concerns and can assist in the design of responsible risk communication. In the research arena, research on the societal context in which UC CEIN risk assessment is taking place will be vital to connect NM risk assessment with particular publics, with specific concerns. Industry survey data from the Year 2 survey can be put to use to help UC CEIN tailor industry planned outreach programs to focus on specific needs and knowledge gaps. Knowledge of the detailed profiles of past risk controversies and full life cycle analyses of regulatory capabilities and problems can provide early warning for needed course adjustments for UC CEIN (and the NNI) as they move forward with nanotech risk communication and regulation. IRG 7 has recruited a diverse and excellent set of postdoctoral and predoctoral researchers and is providing strong mentorship of them as well as educational and training opportunities for 4 UCSB Bren master’s students. IRG 7 students, postdocs, and researchers can contribute societal implications and contexts for the risk characterization research emerging from the other groups. Major Planned Activities for the Next Year:

• Nano Industry survey project (IRG 7-3) will complete data collection and data analysis, produce a final report on the project (including biblographic literature review and project findings), give presentations at a number of national, international and regional venues, and prepare and submit publications to EST, JNR, and other journals.

o IRG 7-3 is researching possibilites for adding a California oversample to the study that will help situate California in comparison with other N. American respondents and the overall international sample, along with results from the 2006 survey, and will provide environmental risk perception data on industry CEOs/EHS personnel that is not being collected in other surveys.

• IRG 7-4 will pilot, put in the field, and analyze data from the first UC CEIN nano environmental risk perception public survey. Data analysis is expected to extend through summer and fall, with some very preliminary findings available by mid-June. Publication plans include submission to EST, JNR,


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NN and other leading journals in the nano/environmental risk world, as well as submissions to Risk Analysis and other risk & society journals.

• IRG 7-2 will complete its planned expert web survey of nano S&E, nanotoxicologists, and regulators, analyze data and

• IRG 7-1 will complete 2 papers and submit them for publication on comparative historical analyses of emerging nanotech with the early days of nuclear power technologies. Additional case analyses that highlight key aspects of emergent nanotech risk issues are under discussion.

• As research data are produced and provide an empirical basis for contribution, IRG 7 seeks to co-produce with other IRG personnel mechanisms to integrate these with the other IRGs in the UC CEIN. The ICEIN meeting in May 2010 will provide one mechanism, as do regular meetings of the UCSB CEIN. Additional contexts for this interaction will be sought.


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10. Center Diversity Progress and Plans The UC CEIN is strongly committed to ensuring the cultural, gender, racial, and ethnic diversity of the UC CEIN at all levels, particularly courting active involvement of women and underrepresented minorities as UC CEIN participants. In Years 1 and 2, our primary plans to seek increased diversity included:

Partnering with UC CEIN investigator Jorge Gardea‐Torresdey from the University of Texas, El Paso. UTEP is a Hispanic serving institution. Dr. Gardea‐Torresdey interacts with the Education and Outreach staff of the UC CEIN to develop increased training opportunities for minority undergraduates ‐ primarily through seminars and internships. UC CEIN has supported the participation of graduate students and postdocs from UTEP in our Student Postdoctoral Leadership Workshops and attendance at ICEIN 2009 and the upcoming ICEIN 2010.

UCLA has partnered with the Center for Nanotechnology and Society at UC Santa Barbara to recruit social science graduate students to work on IRG 7 research. 8 social sciences graduate students (including 5 females) have participated in our industry and public perception surveys over the past year.

Provide research mentoring for undergraduate and graduate researchers through partnerships with existing REU programs at UCLA, UC Santa Barbara, and UTEP, as well as with support from the UC Nanotoxicology Research and Training Program.

Seeking partnerships with faculty in minority serving academic institutions to serve as a distribution portal of curriculum developed by the Center.

Exploring partnerships that will allow for the expansion of our online graduate course offerings to participants at other Universities on an audit basis. Initial discussions have taken place to partner the NIH‐funded Fogarty Training Program in Environmental Health at UCLA to make our course offerings available to graduate students at partner institutions in Mexico.

Through a partnership with California TEACH, the UC CEIN is providing mentoring and teacher training experiences to undergraduate students majoring in math, science and engineering. 8 undergraduates have undergone teacher training an orientation for participation in UC CEIN outreach events at the California Science Center, Santa Monica Library, and other upcoming outreach events.

Recruitment of a diverse postdoctoral researcher pool. All postdoctoral scholar positions are advertised widely and publicly to ensure the broadest applicant pool.

Progress since the last period: As our Center reached full operating capacity over the past year, we have engaged a diverse range of faculty, research staff, postdoctoral scholars, graduate students, and undergraduates in our research and education/outreach activities. We have successfully engaged a high percentage of female researchers amongst our research staff, graduate students, postdocs, and undergraduates, which is notable given the traditionally low numbers of females in the fields of science and engineering. Additionally, 68% of our graduate students and 87% of our undergraduate participants were US citizens. While the Center does not have influence over the recruitment of new female and/or minority faculty at our member institutions, we are proud of the strong female representation in our Center leadership, with 3 area leads serving on our Executive Committee and an additional 2 female faculty active in our IRG activities. We feel this strong representation of female faculty leadership sets a strong example to up and coming scientists.


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Plans for the next reporting period: Over the next year, we will more fully develop our education and outreach activities, particularly with attention to our public outreach programs and our K‐12 outreach. We are also exploring opportunities for expanding our undergraduate mentoring capabilities, through stronger partnerships with existing REU programs as well as seeking supplemental funds for REU student support here at UCLA. The Center remains committed to our partnership with UC Riverside (a minority serving institution) and the University of El Paso, Texas (a minority serving institution) and will explore avenues through existing and new programs to strengthen the path to higher education opportunities for minorities and women in the field of environmental nanotechnology. We have recruited a diverse External Science Advisory Committee who will provide us valuable input on the Center's outreach and diversity goals.


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11. Education and Outreach Summary of Education and Outreach Goals The Education and Outreach division of the UC CEIN fosters cross‐IRG interaction and communicates Center research to industry, policy makers, the K‐12 community and the public. In order to accomplish this, our activities are focused on:

1) Co‐organize Annual International Meetings with CEINT; 2) Develop courses related to nanotechnology and the environment and make these available to CEIN

members and member institutions in real‐time via webcasting and in the CEIN’s digital archives; 3) Sponsor seminars on the environmental impacts of nanotechnology in partnership with the CNSI at

UCLA and make these available to CEIN members and member institutions in real‐time via webcasting and in the CEIN’s digital archives;

4) Develop a series of practical training modules on Safe Handling and Disposal of Nanomaterials; 5) Bring in outside experts to conduct workshops for CEIN members on Journalist‐Scientist

Communication; 6) Foster an interactive research environment among UC CEIN participants; 7) Continue work with legislators/policy makers to ensure future legislation is based on sound science; 8) Reach a broader audience through public outreach partnerships with libraries, museums, schools; 9) Develop a family of web‐based survey tools that will be used to assess the effectiveness of the

Education and Outreach activities; 10) Develop partnerships with K‐12 institutions to encourage introduction of activities related to

nanotechnology into school curriculum; 11) Provide research mentoring for undergraduate researchers to conduct summer research on the

Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology in the REU programs that are run by the CNSI at UCLA (NANOCER), the CNSI at UCSB (INSET), and the University of Texas at El Paso (UTEP);

12) Develop lectures on the “Environmental Impacts of Nanotechnology” and “Environmental Health and Safety of NMs” to incorporate in the existing Capstone course on Nanotoxicology that is offered through the UC Nanotoxicology Research and Training Program (UC‐NRTP), and

13) Develop short learning modules and examples from topics related to the environmental impacts of nanotechnology that can be included in existing courses such as Ecology, General Chemistry, and Environmental Engineering.

Note that some of these aims span over multiple years of the program. Significant progress has been made on each most of the initial set of goals. Items 9‐13 are long‐term goals for the Education and Outreach program.

In addition to these formal aims, the Director for Education & Outreach has assumed responsibility for the following Center‐wide activities:

Coordinate a Student‐Postdoctoral Advisory Committee

Establish and maintain a Volunteer Educator Program

Develop a Postdoctoral Training Program

Establish and develop a Minority Recruiting Program

Develop a system for monitoring the Center’s progress towards center‐wide aims (“metrics for success”)

Organization and Integration of Education/Outreach Projects The Education/Outreach Coordinator, Katy Nameth, assists Hilary Godwin, Education/Outreach Director in coordinating activities and following through on objectives in order to meet the goals set above. In


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addition to being the point person for Education/Outreach, Katy has taken the lead on establishing K‐12 and public outreach events and programs as well as designing and maintaining the Volunteer Educator program, managing the Center’s Elluminate account, and transforming the training modules into interactive learning modules.

Major Accomplishments to Date 1) Co‐organized and co‐sponsored the Working Conference on Nanoregulatory Policy with UCLA Law

School at UCLA on April 17th, 2009; 2) Developed and webcast courses for Center synergism: Capstone on Nanotechnology (UCLA Fall

2008); Nanotechnology and the Environment (Erik Hoek, UCLA Spring 2009); Fundamentals of Toxicology (UCLA, Spring 2009);

3) Organized Student‐Postdoctoral Advisory Committee (SPAC) conference calls and meetings (two in 2009), held a daylong SPAC Retreat at UCSB in July 2009, and ran a Leadership Workshop for thirty graduate students and postdoctoral fellows from UC CEIN and CEINT in Washington, D.C. on September 8, 2009;

4) Held first Annual International Meeting (ICEIN) with Duke CEINT at Howard University in Washington, D.C. on September 9‐11, 2009;

5) Partnered with UCLA Software Central for CEIN access to Elluminate, a web‐based platform for web conferencing and document sharing, established Katy Nameth as the System Administrator, and use Elluminate to broadcast and record CEIN seminars and meetings;

6) Organized Protocols Working Group, which has met monthly since October 2009, recorded these meetings with Elluminate, and archived these webcasts on SharePoint;

7) Participated in National Distance Learning Week (United States Distance Learning Association, November 9‐13, 2009) by broadcasting Protocols Working Group meeting on November 12;

8) Compiled and released Guidelines for Safe Handling and Disposal of Nanomaterials document to CEIN members;

9) Liz Suarez (postdoc) and Hilary Godwin collaborated with UCLA’s EH&S staff and developed practical training modules on Safe Handling and Disposal of Nanomaterials for Laboratory Workers; Katy Nameth is converting these modules to an interactive web‐based format, and these will be tested and validated in conjunction with UCLA EH&S;

10) On July 8, 2009, CEIN Education/Outreach partnered with SciArt UCLA, a summer program for high school students which explores the intersection of art, nanoscience, and biotechnology, by providing an afternoon educational session for the 47 participants. After showing a Dragonfly TV clip on nanosilver, Dr. Hilary Godwin gave a short talk on nanotoxicology, held a Q&A session, and then the students participated in a hands‐on learning activity.

11) Established Volunteer Educator program and now have fifteen volunteer science educators from UCLA’s California Teach program (undergraduates) as well as CNSI and CEIN membership (graduate students, postdoctoral fellows, faculty);

12) Established long‐term partnership with the California Science Museum in Los Angeles to provide Volunteer Educators and faculty trainers for NanoDays 2010 (April 3) and other future events;

13) Partnered with Santa Monica Public Library to host a CEIN‐designed K‐12 and public outreach event on Saturday, April 24, “Nanotechnology: Small is Big!” and

14) Sponsored 3 seminars at UCLA and 4 at UCSB during Year Two.

Elluminate Elluminate is a web‐based (Java‐based) learning platform that allows users to participate in online courses, meetings, or seminars. Elluminate is user‐friendly and requires that participants have only a computer with an internet connection and a telephone. The CEIN uses the Elluminate platform to hold


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meetings (Protocols Working Group; IRG5/High Throughput Screening Group; ESAC) where documents are shared, to broadcast seminars from UCLA or UCSB to CEIN members worldwide, and to broadcast faculty talks (Director Dr. Andre Nel) to external audiences when scheduling conflicts preclude travel. As CEIN’s Elluminate Systems Administrator, Katy Nameth sets up and moderates each online meeting, is responsible for training graduate students to moderate future Elluminate sessions, and attends monthly meetings to stay up‐to‐date on system upgrades and best practices. Each Elluminate session is recorded and made available to Center members on SharePoint (and to the public by contacting Katy). CEIN Volunteer Educators (Program) The CEIN Volunteer Educator program allows California Teach undergraduates and CEIN‐affiliated graduate students, postdocs, and faculty to participate in public outreach events by leading hands‐on nanotechnology‐focused activities and by participating in public panel discussions (postdocs/faculty only). CNSI (California nanoSystems Institute) members have also been encouraged to participate in CEIN outreach events. Currently, seven undergraduates (CA Teach), four graduate students (3 CEIN, 1 CNSI), three postdoctoral fellows (CEIN), and three faculty (2 CEIN, 1 CNSI) have committed to participating in public outreach events for the first six months of 2010.

UCLA California Teach (Partner) The California Teach program encourages undergraduate students majoring in math, science, and engineering to consider a career in teaching, and participating students attend a series of teaching seminars, complete (math or science) teaching internships, and receive a stipend from UCLA. UCLA California Teach students are encouraged by their Academic Coordinator to gain more teaching and presenting experience by participating in the CEIN Volunteer Educator program.

California Science Center (Partner) The CEIN has established an outreach partnership with the California Science Center in Los Angeles, California. On April 3, the museum and the Center will co‐host a NanoDays event at the museum, where CEIN Volunteer Educators (undergraduate and graduate students) and museum educators will lead activities from the NanoDays kit and other CEIN Volunteer Educators (postdocs/faculty) will answer the public’s questions (i.e., “Ask a scientist”). In order to prepare for NanoDays 2010, the museum hosted a volunteer training for the Center’s (eleven) Volunteer Educators on January 30 and one for museum staff on February 27. For the latter, CEIN provided four panelists (2 faculty, 2 postdocs), and the museum staff presented their assigned NanoDays activity to the panel, received feedback, and were able to engage in Q&A with Center researchers. In May, the museum will host the California Science Fair and has asked CEIN to provide judges (faculty/postdocs only). For summer camps, the museum has requested that CEIN provide faculty and postdocs to be guest speakers.

Santa Monica Public Library (Partner) The Santa Monica Public Library hosts free public events which complement its mission of supporting an informed and educated community, and it has a program‐proposal system to determine these events. In November 2009, Katy Nameth submitted a proposal, and it was accepted. On April 24, from 2pm to 3:30pm, the library will host CEIN’s public outreach event, “Nanotechnology: Small is Big!” This event will provide an opportunity for scientists and the community to interact through discussions, Q&A, and hands‐on activities. The panel consists of one faculty member and two postdocs, and two Volunteer Educators (one undergraduate, one graduate) will each lead an activity from the NanoDays kit.

Protocols Working Group The Protocols Working Group is an interdisciplinary group tasked with establishing procedures and policies for dissemination and validation of protocols across the UC CEIN. It has met monthly since


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October 2009, and each meeting is webcast and recorded with Elluminate, and these recorded sessions are archived on the Center’s SharePoint platform. After discussion and validation, the protocols will be made public via the CEIN website.

Postdoctoral Training Plan (Program) The postdoctoral training plan for the UC CEIN focuses on activities that will ensure coherent and effective mentoring for all of the Center’s postdoctoral fellows. On September 8, 2009, the UC CEIN Education & Outreach group held a daylong Leadership Workshop prior to ICEIN 2009. This workshop was open to postdoctoral fellows and graduate students from both centers, and thirty participated. This interactive workshop was divided into three parts: Getting the Mentoring You Need; Introduction to Principles of Quality Control and Quality Assurance, and Guidelines for Development and Validation of Standard Protocols. On February 12, 2010, the SPAC met to plan the 2010 Leadership Workshop, which will precede ICEIN 2010 and other activities for the coming year. In April 2010, there will be a Presentation Skills Workshop (UCSB) and a Writing Workshop (UCLA) offered to all Center students and postdoctoral fellows to assist them in their professional development. The Student‐Postdoctoral Advisory committee will be an ongoing part of the UC CEIN infrastrucutre, and will place a critical role in determining then content and format of upcoming leadership training activities. Future topics will include: preparation of grant proposals, effective collaboration with researchers from various backgrounds, and communication of science to the general public.

Major Planned Activities for Next Reporting Period Over the next six months, the Education & Outreach division will: 1) Continue monthly meetings of the Protocols Working Group and facilitate training related to

protocol development and data management; and develop a plan for dissemination of standard methods across the CEIN and in collaborative work on protocols with CEINT;

2) Organize ICEIN 2010 (May 11‐13), the joint Annual International Meeting with CEINT and lead SPAC Leadership Workshop (May 10);

3) Hold a SPAC (Student Postdoc Advisory Committee) planning meeting on February 12, 2010 to identify activities of interest for SPAC Leadership Workshop (May 10, 2010) and a Summer Activity;

4) Hold a curriculum meeting on March 17 with EH&S staff to finalize Safe Handling training module content and format;

5) Participate in NanoDays 2010 by providing Volunteer Educators (six undergraduate, four graduate, and five posdocs or faculty confirmed) at the California Science Center in Los Angeles;

6) Participate in NanoDays 2010 in Santa Barbara by partnering with SB Museum of Natural History; 7) Provide professional development training for CEIN students and postdocs by running (Julie

Dillemuth, CNS Education Director) a Presentation Skills Workshop, in partnership with UCSB’s CNS (Center for Nanotechnology in Society) at UCSB in April 2010;

8) Provide professional development training for CEIN students and postdocs by running (Katy Nameth, CEIN Education/Outreach Coordinator) the first in a series of writing workshops, “Communicating Clearly: Elements of Effective Writing,” at UCLA in April 2010;

9) Hold a K‐12 and public outreach event (panel discussion, Q&A, hands‐on science activities) at Santa Monica Public Library on Saturday, April 24 and collect demographic data at this event;

10) Work with UC CEIN faculty, students & postdocs to identify opportunities to develop short learning modules and examples from topics relate to the environmental impacts of nanotechnology that can be included in existing courses such as Ecology, General Chemistry, and Environmental Engineering;

11) Indentify upcoming funding opportunities relevant to education & outreach activities;


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12) Continue to work with the State of California DTSC on EH&S issues related to carbon nanotubes & collaborate/provide guidance for industries working in the field of nanotechnology in California;

13) Establish working relationship with National Center for Research on Evaluation, Standards; Student Testing (CRESST) at UCLA to develop a family of web‐based survey tools that will be used to assess the effectiveness of the Education and Outreach activities and to Development of system for monitoring our progress towards center‐wide aims/metrics for success, and

14) Sponsor additional seminars relating Environmental Nanotechnology at UCLA (Tanguay, April 13; Don Tomalia, May 4) and UCSB.

Impacts on the Overall Goals of the Center We have made considerable progress on a number of goals that are central to communication across the Center and have an exciting agenda of activities lined up for the upcoming months. There is a sense of community developing amongst our graduate student and postdoctoral researchers within the Center. The protocols working group and the high throughput working group involve researchers from all aspects of the Center and creates a regular forum for discussion of integrated research topics. Development of the Safe Handling of Nanomaterials training modules has captured the interest and support of the UCLA Office of Environmental Health & Safety as well as the University of California EH&S taskforce. Discussions are underway to develop a campus wide testing of these new educational modules for implementation across UC and within Industry. The Center has quickly become a valuable resource on Nano‐EHS for policy makers, federal and state regulatory and funding agencies, and industries within California. We plan on expanding our capacity to serve as a leading reference on Nano‐EHS research at the national level.

Table 3a: Education Program Participants - All, irrespective of citizenship - Draft ReportNSEC Center: CEIN: Predictive Toxicology Assessment and Safe Implementation of Nanotechnology in the Environment

Student Type Total

Gender Race Data

Ethnicity:Hispanic Disabled

Male Female AI/AN NH/PI B/AA W A

More thanone racereported,AI/AN,B/AA,NH/PI

More thanone racereported,

W/A

NotProvided

Enrolled in Full Degree Programs

Subtotal 71 29 42 0 0 1 43 23 0 2 2 5 0

Undergraduate 29 13 16 0 0 1 16 8 0 2 2 2 0

Master's 3 1 2 0 0 0 2 1 0 0 0 0 0

Doctoral 39 15 24 0 0 0 25 14 0 0 0 3 0

Enrolled in NSEC Degree Minors

Subtotal 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Undergraduate 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Master's 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Doctoral 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Enrolled in NSEC Certificate Programs

Subtotal 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Undergraduate 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Master's 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Doctoral 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Practitionerstaking courses 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

K-12 (Pre-college) Education

Subtotal 47 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Teachers 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Students 47 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Total 118 29 42 0 0 1 43 23 0 2 2 5 0

LEGEND:

AI/AN American Indian or Alaska Native

NH/PI Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander

B/AA Black/African American

W White

A Asian, e.g., Asian Indian, Chinese, Filipino, Japanese, Korean, Vietnamese, Other Asian

More than onerace reported,AI/AN, B/AA,NH/PI

Personnel reporting a) two or more race categories and b) one or more of the reported categories includes American Indian or Alaska Native, Black orAfrican American, or Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander

More than onerace reported,W/A

Personnel reporting a) both White and Asian and b) no other categories in addition to White and Asian

US/Perm U.S. citizens and legal permanent residents

Non-US Non-U.S. citizens/Non-legal permanent residents

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Table 3b: Education Program Participants - US Citizens and Permanent Residents - Draft ReportNSEC Center: CEIN: Predictive Toxicology Assessment and Safe Implementation of Nanotechnology in the Environment

Student Type Total

Gender Race Data


Male Female AI/AN NH/PI B/AA W A



W/A

NotProvided

Enrolled in Full Degree Programs

Subtotal 55 22 33 0 0 0 37 15 0 2 1 5 0

Undergraduate 25 10 15 0 0 0 15 7 0 2 1 2 0

Master's 3 1 2 0 0 0 2 1 0 0 0 0 0

Doctoral 27 11 16 0 0 0 20 7 0 0 0 3 0

Enrolled in NSEC Degree Minors

Subtotal 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Undergraduate 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Master's 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Doctoral 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Enrolled in NSEC Certificate Programs

Subtotal 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Undergraduate 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Master's 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Doctoral 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Practitionerstaking courses 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Total 55 22 33 0 0 0 37 15 0 2 1 5 0

LEGEND:




W White








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12. Outreach and Knowledge Transfer Outreach and knowledge transfer activities have escalated as the Center entered its second year of operation. The Center has quickly become a valuable resource, and our public profile as a leading Center for research on Nanotechnology Environmental Health and Safety is rising on both the local, national, and international level. In addition to seminars and workshops hosted for our University constituencies, we co‐hosted the first International Center for Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology meeting (September 2009, Howard University, Washington DC), contributed a number of high profile national Nanotechnology workshops and conferences, and have begun forming key collaborations nationally and internationally. Key outreach and knowledge transfer activities of the Center for the period of April 1, 2009 – March 31, 2010 include: UC CEIN Sponsored Activities UC CEIN Seminar Series

April 22, 2009 –Fate and Transport of Metal Oxides Nanoparticles in Aquatic Environments – Sharon Walker, University of California Riverside – Webcast from UCSB

May 15, 2009 – Atmospheric Organic Aerosols – John Seinfeld, California Institute of Technology ‐ Co‐sponsorship of Friedlander Seminar, UCLA

July 15, 2009 ‐ UCMicro‐ and Nanoparticle Adhesion to Polymeric Surfaces: AFM Characterization and Antisolvent Surface Modification Techniques ‐ Reginald Thio, Georgia Institute of Technology ‐ Held at UC Santa Barbara

October 22, 2009 – Environmental Fate, Transformations, Bioavailability, and Effects of Manufactured Nanomaterials in Terrestrial Environments – Jason Unrine, University of Kentucky – Webcast from UCSB

January 13, 2010 ‐ Characterization and Transport Studies ‐ Indranil Chowdry, Graduate Student, University of California Riverside ‐ Held at UC Santa Barbara

January 20, 2010 – Regulatory Monitoring of Nanomaterials across California – Stan Phillippe, California Department of Toxic Substances Control – Webcast from UC Santa Barbara

January 25, 2010 – Analytical Methods at the Nano‐Bio Interface – Wenwan Zhong, University of California Riverside – Webcast from UCLA

February 9, 2010 – Pulmonary Responses to Multi‐walled Carbon Nanotube Exposure – Vincent Castranova, National Institute of Occupational Health & Safety – Webcast from UCLA

March 8, 2010 – Assessing the Ecotoxicity of Nanoparticles: Challenges, Approaches, and Results – Stephen Klaine, Clemson University – Webcast from UC Santa Barbara

Workshops co‐sponsored by UC CEIN April 17, 2009 – 2009 Working Conference on Nanotech Regulatory Policy

The 2009 Working Conference on Nanotech Regulatory Policy was held at the University of California, Los Angeles campus on April 17. The Conference brought together an interdisciplinary group of scholars and researchers, policymakers, non‐governmental organizations, and


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businesses for action‐oriented workshop panels on the science and policy of nanotechnology. The goal of the Conference was to critically evaluate several specific policy proposals for responding to the potential public health and environmental impacts of nanotechnology. In particular, the Conference examined three categories of policy responses through several panels:

Reliance on existing regulatory programs (with or without amendment)

Development of innovative nano‐specific. regulatory programs

Reliance upon private regulation (e.g., industry initiatives, insurance mechanisms, etc.)

The policy proposals are set out in a series of succinct papers commissioned by the Conference sponsors. These papers will be published in the UCLA Journal of Environmental Law and Policy

International Conference on Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology 2009 September 9‐11, 2009 – Howard University, Washington, DC. Co‐sponsored by CEINT.

The first joint international meetings of the NSF/EPA funded CEIN programs took place over the course of 3 days in September on the Howard University in Washington, DC. Researchers from around the globe in Environmental Nanotechnology presented findings to an audience of scientists, policy makers, and stakeholders. 55 talks across 6 topic areas were presented over a 2 day period, followed by integrative discussions between the two Centers on the topics of protocol harmonization, nanomaterials availability and standards, methodologies for measurements in complex media, and ecosystems research. UC CEIN presentations are indicated in the following pages by the indication ICEIN 2009. Scientific presentations and posters were presented in the following tracks: 1. Fate, Transport, and Transformation 2. Toxicity/Ecotoxicity 3. Risk Perception, Risk Assessment, and Life Cycle Analysis 4. Natural Nanomaterials and Nanobiogeochemistry 5. Nanomaterials Characterization and Toxicity Screening 6. Ecology and Ecosystem Response The Second international meeting will be held on the UCLA campus May 11‐13, 2010. For a detailed agenda of this meeting, visit the meeting website: http://cnsi.ctrl.ucla.edu/icein/pages/

Nano 2010

UC CEIN is a co‐sponsor of the upcoming Nano 2010 conference to be held at Clemson University August 22‐26, 2010. http://www.clemson.edu/public/nano2010/ Nano 2010 will provide a venue for presentation and discussion of current research on these issues. The interdisciplinary mix of environmental scientists, toxicologists, material scientists, and engineers should provide for a robust discussion in a creative atmosphere. This meeting is the fifth annual international meeting on this topic following the success of previous meetings held in the United Kingdom and, most recently, Nano 2009 held in Vienna.


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UC Nanotoxicology Research and Training Program Seminar Series UC CEIN members, students in the UC NRTP and students and faculty in the UCLA Environmental Health Sciences Department participate in a weekly seminar series which often includes topics directly related to the UC CEIN research.

April 9, 2009 – Shades of Green: Chemical Policy Reform in California ‐ Tim Malloy, J.D., University of California at Los Angeles

April 16, 2009 – Fundamental Information on Respirable Particles ‐ Dr. Terence Risby, Johns Hopkins University

May 14, 2009 – CYP2S1, a novel cytochrome P450 enzyme affecting plasma and organ concentrations of prostaglandins and other eicosanoids, and with a potential role in cancer ‐ Dr. Oliver Hankinson, UCLA

May 21, 2009 – Laboratory Animal Workers' Exposures to Particulate Matter, Allergen, and Endotoxin – Dr. Lorraine Conroy, University of Illinois at Chicago

May 28, 2009 – Perfluorinated Chemicals: The History of an Environmental Issue ‐ Dr. John Giesy, University of Saskatchewan

June 4, 2009 – Parkinson's Disease as a Model of Accelerated Neuronal Aging: An Argument for a Prime Role for Oxidative Stress ‐ Dr. Julie Anderson, Buck Institute for Age Research

UC CEIN Santa Barbara Monthly Seminar Series UC CEIN members from UC Santa Barbara meet once a month to review progress across projects. EAch meeting, project presentations are made from select projects and a discussion is held. Presentations over the past year included:

April 8, 2009 UC CEIN Meeting: Barbara Herr Harthorn (IRG 7) and Chia‐Hung Hou (IRG 4)

August 21, 2009 UC CEIN Meeting: Students/postdocs attending ICEIN 2009 presented their posters

September 23, 2009 UC CEIN Meeting: Bob Miller (IRG 2)

November 17, 2009 UC CEIN Meeting: Konrad Kulacki (IRG 3)

February 18 2010 UC CEIN Meeting: Raja Vukanti (IRG 2) and Shannon Hanna (IRG 3) Academic Courses incorporating CEIN‐related content Courses Made Available to UC CEIN Members via Webcast

Spring 2010 – Advanced Special Topics in Biological Sciences (UCSB EEMB 292). This graduate level course, taught by CEIN faculty member Roger Nisbet, focuses on Dynamic Energy Budget (DEB) theory, and will incorporate the DEB modeling from CEIN projects in the curriculum. Course made available to UC CEIN members for participation via webcast.

Courses taught incorporating CEIN content (not webcast)

Winter 2010 – Environmental Multimedia Assessment (UCLA CE 118/218). This joint undergraduate/graduate course, taught by CEIN faculty member Yoram Cohen focuses on: Pollutant sources, estimation of source releases, waste minimization, transport and fate of chemical pollutants in environment, intermedia transfers of pollutants, multimedia modeling of chemical partitioning in environment, exposure assessment and fundamentals of risk assessment, risk reduction strategies.

Fall 2009 – Research Methods – Pollution Prevention and Remediation (UCSB ESM401B). Patricia Holden, Instructor.


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Fall 2009 – Applied Freshwater Ecology (UCSB EEMB 167). Bradley Cardinale, Instructor. This course explores the scientific bases for environmental change in freshwater ecosystems and their consequences for modern society. Course included a one‐week module on nanomaterials as an emerging area of concern.

Winter 2010 – Research Methods – Pollution Prevention and Remediation (UCSB ESM401C). Patricia Holden, Instructor.

Winter 2010 – Gender, Science, & New Technology (UCSB Feminine Studies 132) – 25% nano content. Barbara Herr Harthorn, Instructor. Examines the role of women in science, feminist critiques of science, gendered construction of technology and technological construction of gender, cross‐cultural analysis of emerging technologies, and intersections of gender, ethnicity, class, and sexuality.

Winter 2010 – Applied Marine Ecology (UCSB ESM 260) – 10% nano content. Hunter Lenihan, instructor. Examines ecotoxicology in marine ecosystems, including the fate & transport, and biological and ecological effects on NPs on populations and communities of phytoplankton, zooplankton, benthic invertebrates and fishes, and the food webs in which they are embedded.

Lectures, Seminars, and Presentations by UC CEIN members to external audiences Rebecca Armenta, University of Texas, El Paso

ZnO nanoparticle toxicity on seed germination/root elongation in alfalfa (Medicago sativa). 2009 National Society for the Advancement of Chicanos and Native Americans in Science. Dallas, TX October 15‐18, 2009.

ZnO nanoparticle toxicity on seed germination/root elongation in alfalfa (Medicago sativa). 65th Southwest Regional Meeting of the ACS, El Paso, TX November 4‐7, 2009.

Lynne Baumgartner and Allison Fish, UC Santa Barbara

Current Practices and Perceived Risks Related to Health, Safety, and Environmental Stewardship of Nanomaterials Industries. ICEIN 2009, Washington, DC, September 9, 2009.

Christian Beaudrie, University of British Columbia

Risk Ranking for Nanomaterials using Hazard and Intake Fraction Models. Society for Risk Analysis, Baltimore, MD, December 6‐9, 2009.

Samuel Bennett, UC Santa Barbara

UV Irradiation of Nanoparticles in Simulated Freshwater and Seawater Systems, UC TSR&TP Annual Meeting, Berkeley, CA – May 1‐2, 2009

UV Irradiation of Nanoparticles in Simulated Natural Water Systems. ICEIN 2009, Washington, DC, September 9, 2009.

Bradley Cardinale, UC Santa Barbara

On the causes and consequence of extinction. Audobon Society’s seminar series, co‐sponsored by the Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History, May 27, 2009.

Biodiversity and the functioning of ecosystems. School of Natural Resources and Environment, University of Michigan, November10, 2009.

“TiO2 nanoparticles stimulate biomass production in freshwater algae.” ICEIN 2009, Washington, D.C., September 10, 2009.

Biodiversity and the functioning of ecosystems. Department of Biological Sciences, Notre Dame University, January 19, 2010.


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Biodiversity and the functioning of ecosystems. Colorado State University, Distinguished Ecologist Lecture. March 31, 2010.

H. Castillo‐Michel, University of Texas, El Paso

Study of localization and chemical forms of arsenic in three species of Parkinsonia plant genus using x‐ray spectromicroscopy. 10th International Conference on the Biogeochemistry of Trace Elements, Chihuahua City, Chih., Mexico July 13‐16, 2009.

Phytostabilization of arsenic by three species of the Parkinsonia plant genus. 2009 National Society for the Advancement of Chicanos and Native Americans in Science. Dallas, TX October 15‐18, 2009.

Use of synchrotron techniques to determine coordination and speciation of arsenic in the desert plant Parkinsonia florida. 65th Southwest Regional Meeting of the ACS, El Paso, TX November 4‐7, 2009.

Gary Cherr, UC Davis

Ecotoxity studies and environmental implications of nanomaterials. UC Davis Summer International Undergraduate program, Davis, CA – July 2009.

Qiaolin Chen, UC Los Angeles

Toxicity and Efficacy pH‐responsive Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles that Deliver Anticancer Drug, UC TSR&TP Annual Meeting, Berkeley, CA – May 1‐2, 2009

Eunshil Choi, UC Los Angeles

Light‐Activated Nanoimpellers‐Controlled Drug Release in Cancer Cells, UC TSR&TP Annual Meeting, Berkeley, CA – May 1‐2, 2009

Indranil Chowdhury, UC Riverside

Container to Characterization: Impacts of Sonication, Nanoparticle Concentration and Ionic Strenght on Metal Oxide Nanoparticle Stability. ICEIN 2009, Washington, DC, September 9, 2009.

Yoram Cohen, UC Los Angeles

Nanoparticles and the Environment. Presentation at University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA – November 16, 2009.

Modeling of the Environmental Multimedia NM Distribution and Toxicity. Presentation to caBIG workgroup regarding to CEIN Data Management Approach. January 7, 2010.

Guadalupe de la Rosa, University of Texas, El Paso

Nanophytotoxicity Assessment and Potential Biotransformation of ZnO in Selected Desert Plants. ICEIN 2009, Washington, DC, September 9, 2009.

Nanotoxicity assessment for ZnO and CeO2 in Salsola kali, a desert plant species. 2009 National Society for the Advancement of Chicanos and Native Americans in Science. Dallas, TX October 15‐18, 2009.

Cassandra Engeman, UC Santa Barbara

Reported Practices and Perceived Risks Related to Health, Safety and Environmental Stewardship in Nanomaterials Industries” Poster presentation of research design to the


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California Groundwater Resources Association (GRA)/Department of Toxic Substance Control (DTSC) Nanosymposium; Sacramento, Nov 16, 2009.

Reported Practices and Perceived Risks Related to Health, Safety and Environmental Stewardship in Nanomaterials Industries” invited speaker, Nanotech 2010 Exhibition and Conference; invited by the strategic area of nanotechnology working group, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Japan; Tokyo, Feb 19, 2010.

Video conference presentation of preliminary findings to the Nanotechnology Colloquium, a bi‐weekly meeting of industry and academics on the issue of nanotechnology (with Lynn Baumgartner); invited to speak by Applied Nanotechnology, Inc. in Austin, TX; March 8, 2010.

Elise Fairbairn, UC Davis

Effects of Metal Oxide Nanomaterials on Sea Urchin Embryo Development. ICEIN 2009, Washington, D.C., September 9, 2009.

Xiaohua Fang, Columbia University

Evaluating the Hydrophobicity of Nanoparticles. ICEIN 2009, Washington, DC, September 9, 2009.

Daniel Ferris, UC Los Angeles

Surface Functionalization of Nanoparticles to Produce a Bio‐Interactive Material. ICEIN 2009, Washington, DC, September 9, 2009.

William Freudenburg, UC Santa Barbara

Improving the Recognition of Political‐Economic Factors in the Creation of Disasters and Tragedies . Rural Sociological Society Meeting, Madison, Wisconsin, July 31, 2009.

Real Risk, Perceived Risk, and nanotechnology: Lessons from Current Research and Past Environmental Controversies. ICEIN 2009, Washington D.C., Sept. 9, 2009.

Jorge Gardea‐Torresdey, University of Texas, El Paso

Phytoremediation of Heavy Metals and Studies of the Impact of Nanoparticles in the Environment. Seminar Speaker. UTEP Department of Chemistry, January 23, 2009.

The impact of stabilized and non‐stabilized nickel hydroxide nanoparticles on mesquite plants. Invites seminar speaker, University of California Santa Barbara, February 12, 2009.

Enhancement of lead phytoextraction by Medicago sativa assisted by phytohormones and EDTA: Effects of Nanotechnology in the Environment. Invited Seminar Speaker, National Cheng Kung University, Taiwan, February 24, 2009.

How to get published. Invited Seminar Speaker, National Cheng Kung University, Taiwan February 24, 2009.

How to get published. Invited Seminar Speaker, National Chung Hsing University, Taiwan, February 25, 2009.

Enhancement of lead phytoextraction by Medicago sativa assisted by phytohormones and EDTA: Effects of Nanotechnology in the Environment. Invited Seminar Speaker, National Chung Hsing University, Taiwan, February 25, 2009.

How to get published. Invited Seminar Speaker, Taiwan National Central University, Taiwan February 26, 2009.


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Enhancement of lead phytoextraction by Medicago sativa assisted by phytohormones and EDTA: Effects of Nanotechnology in the Environment. Invited Seminar Speaker, Taiwan National Central University, Taiwan February 26, 2009.

Environmental Engineering Program ‐ "The Impact of Stabilized and Non‐Stabilized Nickel Hydroxide Nanoparticles on Mesquite Plants. Invited Seminar Speaker, University of Connecticut, March 4, 2009

My phytoremediation journey and metal nanoparticle formation using plants. Invites Seminar Speaker, Stevens Institute of Technology, Nanotechnology Graduate Program, Nanotechnology Seminar Series Spring 2009. April 8, 2009.

ZnO Nanoparticle toxicity on alfalfa (Medicago sativa) sprouts, UTEP SACNAS Research Expo 2009. The University of Texas at El Paso, April 16, 2009.

Hydrolisis of chromium. UTEP SACNAS Research Expo 2009, April 16, 2009.

Biological Impact of ZnO Nanoparticles in the Desert Plant Mesquite (Prosopis spp). UTEP SACNAS Research Expo 2009. The University of Texas at El Paso, April 16, 2009.

Tribute to Bill Glaze: A leader in environmental science and technology, ACS, Division of Environmental Chemistry, 238th meeting, Washington, DC, August 16‐20, 2009.

World synchrotrons, University of Puerto Rico, Mayaguez campus, August 5, 2009.

How to get published in chemistry workshop, University of Puerto Rico, Mayaguez campus, August 4, 2009.

CeO2 and ZnO NPs undergo differential biological transformations in soybean plants. ICEIN 2009, Washington, DC, September 9‐10, 2009.

Biological transformation of nanoparticles in soybean plants via x‐ray absorption spectroscopy. 65th Southwest Regional Meeting of the ACS, El Paso, TX November 4‐7, 2009. Invited talk.

Toxicity and biotransformation of uncoated and coated nickel hydroxide nanoparticles on mesquite plants. 6th International Phytotechnologies Conference, St. Louis, MO, December 1‐4, 2009, invited talk.

Yuan Ge, UC Santa Barbara

Ecotoxicity of Nanoparticulate Metal Oxides on Soil Microbial Community Composition and Function. ICEIN 2009, Washington, DC, September 9, 2009.

Effects of engineered nanoparticles on soil nitrogen mineralization and nitrification. ASA‐CSSA‐SSSA 2009 International Annual Meetings in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (November 1‐5, 2009).

Saji George, UC Los Angeles

Optimization and Validation of a High Content Screening (HCS) Assay for Evaluating Cytotoxicity of Nanomaterials, UC TSR&TP Annual Meeting, Berkeley, CA – May 1‐2, 2009

High Throughput Multiparametric Cytotoxicity Screening For Predictive Toxicological Assessment of Nanoparticles. ICEIN 2009, Washington, D.C., September 10, 2009.

Rapid Throughput Multiparametric Cytotoxicity Screening For Predictive Toxicological Assessment of Nanoparticles. Third Annual Global Symposium on NanoBioTechnology ‐ November 19, 2009

Hilary Godwin, UC Los Angeles

Nanotechnology: Opportunities and Challenges, Personal Care Products Council ‐ Emerging Issues Conference, Santa Monica, CA, October 6, 2009.


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Engaging and Effectively Communicating our Results to a Broad Range of Stakeholders: Education and Outreach Actvities of the UC CEIN. ICEIN 2009, Washington, D.C., September 10, 2009.

Shannon Hanna, UC Santa Barbara

Creosote and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the marine environment. UC Toxics short course, Bodega Marine Lab, UC Davis, September 2009.

Jose Angel Hernandez‐Viezcas, University of Texas, El Paso

Application of laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy for lead copper and nickel quantification in mesquite (Prosopis) tissues. 10th International Conference on the Biogeochemistry of Trace Elements, Chihuahua City, Chih., Mexico July 13‐16, 2009.

ZnO Nanoparticle Toxicity on Mesquite (Prosopis sp.) Sprouts. ICEIN 2009, Washington, DC, September 9, 2009.

Barbara Herr Harthorn, UC Santa Barbara

Nanotechnology in Society Network: Research on Societal Implications of Emerging Technologies, (INC5) UCLA CNSI‐May 1‐2, 2009

Social Risk and Challenges to the Sustainability of Emerging Nanotechnologies, session on Sustainability and Emerging Technologies, Society for Social Study of Science, Arlington VA Oct 28‐31, 2009

Constraints on Benefit of New Technologies for the World’s Poor. Panel: Governing Emerging Technologies: Regulating Risk & Ethical Dimensions in Development. Emerging Economies, Emerging Technologies: [Nano]technologies for Equitable Development, Woodrow Wilson International Center, Washington DC Nov 4‐6, 2009.

Imagining Nanotech Futures: The Anthropology of Risk and Gender in Deliberative Settings, American Anthropological Association annual meeting, Philadelphia, Dec 4, 2009.

NSEC Centers for Nanotechnology in Society: CNS‐UCSB. NSF Nanoscale Science and Engineering Grantees Conference, Arlington, VA Dec 7‐9, 2009.

Nanotech Risk Perception—Issues and Challenges. Overview presentation, Nanotech Risk Perception Specialist Meeting, Santa Barbara, Jan 29‐30, 2010.

Gender, Application Domain, and Ethical Dilemmas in Nano‐Deliberation. Nanotech Risk Perception Specialist Meeting, Santa Barbara, Jan 29‐30, 2010.

Eric Hoek, University of California, Los Angeles

Influence of Water Chemistry on the Stability and Toxicity of metal and Metal Oxide Nanoparticles. ICEIN 2009, Washington, D.C., September 9, 2009.

Patricia Holden, UC Santa Barbara

Engineered Nanomaterials: Environmental Considerations. Bren School Advisory Board Annual Meeting. Santa Barbara, CA, April 2, 2009.

Manufactured Nanomaterials, Organisms, and the Environment: Discerning the Nanoparticle Effect. Bren School Corporate Partners Summit on Environmental Applications and Implications of Nanomaterials. May 7‐8, 2009.

Co‐chair conference session entitled Nanomaterials: What are the Concerns? Micropol and Ecohazard 2009, International Water Association, San Francisco, CA, June 8‐9, 2009.


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Interactions Between Pseudomonas aeruginosa and CdSe Quantum Dots. Bren School of Environmental Science & Management. Lecture open to UCSB campus, and recorded /televised on UC TV (University of California web television), October 15, 2009.

Invited Participant US EPA Nanomaterial Case Studies Workshop: Developing a Comprehensive Environmental Assessment Research Strategy for Nanoscale Titanium Dioxide. Durham, NC, September 29 and 30, 2009.

Potential environmental interactions of bacteria and manufactured nanomaterials ASA‐CSSA‐SSSA 2009 International Annual Meetings in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, November 1‐5, 2009.

Collaborative efforts with Industry. Presenter/commentator at the DTSC Symposium for Nanotechnology Industry, Nanotechnology 5, Sacramento, CA, November 16, 2009.

Bioavailability and Fates of CdSe and TiO2 Nanoparticles in Eukaryotes and Bacteria. Interagency Nanotechnology Implications Grantees Workshop–EPA, NSF, NIH/NIEHS, NIOSH, and DOE, held on November 9‐10, 2009.

Substrate Bioavailability In Relation to Microbial Growth Habits in Soils. RaiseBio 2010: International Symposium on Microbial Contaminant Degradation at Biogeochemical Interfaces, Leipzig, March 2‐4, 2010.

Yongsuk Hong, UC Riverside

Fate and Transport of Iron‐based nanoparticles in Aquatic Environments, UC TSR&TP Annual Meeting, Berkeley, CA – May 1‐2, 2009

Allison Horst, UC Santa Barbara

Disagglomeration of TiO2 Nanoparticles by Pseudomonas aeruginosa, UC TSR&TP Annual Meeting, Berkeley, CA – May 1‐2, 2009

Zhaoxia Ji, UC Los Angeles

Optimization of Nanoparticle Dispersion in Various Cell Culture Media. ICEIN 2009, Washington, D.C., September 10, 2009

Milind Kandlikar, University of British Columbia

The Impact of Toxicity Testing Costs on Nanomaterial Regulation. ICEIN 2009, Washington D.C., Sept. 9, 2009

Arturo Keller, UC Santa Barbara

Fate and Transport of Nanomaterials. Presentation at Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico, June 2009.

Fate and Transport of Nanomaterials in Environmental Media. Micropol and Ecohazard 2009, International Water Association, San Francisco, CA, June 8‐9, 2009

A New Paradigm for Monitoring the Implications of Nanotechnology in the Environment. National Environmental Monitoring Conference, Austin Texas, August 2009

Overview of the Challenges in Predicting NP Fate and Transport. ICEIN 2009, Washington, D.C., September 9, 2009.

Behavior of metal oxide nanoparticles in natural waters. American Geophysical Union, San Francisco, CA, December, 2009

Stability and aggregation of metal oxide nanoparticles in natural waters. American Chemical Society, San Francisco, CA, March, 2009


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Probing the influence of solution chemistry on the adhesion of Au nanoparticles to mica. American Chemical Society, San Francisco, CA, March, 2009

Tin Klanjscek, UC Santa Barbara

Modeling Effects of Soluble Cadmium Salts and CdSe Quantum Dots on Pseudomonas aeruginosa. ICEIN 2009, Washington, DC, September 9, 2009.

Hunter Lenihan, UC Santa Barbara

Differential Effects of Nano‐Particulate Zinc Oxide and Titanium Dioxide on the Population Growth Rates of Marine Phytoplankton and benthic invertebrates. UCLA Engineering Departmental Seminar, Los Angeles, CA, February 2010

Ecological Effects of NP on Coastal Marine Species: Developing Predictions for Ecosystems Impacts. Bren School‐UCSB Marine Ecology Seminar Series, March 2010.

Haven Liu, UC Los Angeles

Unsupervised Feature Subset Selection with Feature Simliarity for the Analysis of Chemical and Nanoparticle Toxicity. ICEIN 2009, Washington, DC, September 9, 2009.

Martha L. López‐Moreno, University of Texas, El Paso

X‐ray absorption spectroscopy workshop, University of Puerto Rico, Mayaguez campus, August 6, 2009.

Toxicity of ZnO and CeO2 nanoparticles to Glycine max Seedlings: effects on germination, root growth and metal uptake. 2009 National Society for the Advancement of Chicanos and Native Americans in Science. Dallas, TX October 15‐18, 2009.

Lutz Mädler, Universitat Bremen

Columbia University New York, New York, USA, July 16, 2009

Rutgers University New York, New York, USA, October 13, 2009

NSF – DFG Workshop on Nanomaterials, New York, USA, October 14, 2009

BMBF‐Innovation Forum, Sao Paulo, Brazil, November 24, 2009

University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany, November 30, 2009

Polytecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, January 21, 2010

Catalina Marambio Jones, UC Los Angeles

Influence of Water Chemistry on Bacterial Toxicity of Silver Nanoparticles, UC TSR&TP Annual Meeting, Berkeley, CA – May 1‐2, 2009

Huan Meng, UC Los Angeles

Using Predictive Toxicological Paradigm to Study Nanotoxicity and Design Safe Nanomaterials. ICEIN 2009, Washington, DC, September 9, 2009.

Randy Mielke, UC Santa Barbara

Bioaccumulation and biomagnification of CdSe Quantum Dots in a simplified microbial food chain. ICEIN 2009, Washington, D.C., September 10, 2009


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Robert J. Miller, UC Santa Barbara

Differential Effects of Nano‐Particulate Zinc Oxide and Titanium Dioxide on the Population Growth Rates of Marine Phytoplankton. ICEIN 2009, Washington, D.C. September 10, 2009

Multi‐drug‐resistance activity of barnacles. UC Toxics short course, Sept 09, Bodega Marine Lab, UC Davis.

M O Motes, University of Texas, El Paso

Nanotechnology in the environment workshop, University of Puerto Rico, Mayaguez campus, August 5, 2009.

Sumitra Nair, UC Los Angeles

Analysis of Nanoparticle Toxicity Using Machine Learning Techniques. ICEIN 2009, Washington, DC, September 9, 2009.

André Nel, UC Los Angeles

Emerging Issues for Nanomaterials, UC TSR&TP Annual Meeting, Berkeley, CA May 1‐2, 2009

Nanotoxioclogy as a Predictive Science, 5th International Nanotechnology Conference on Communication and Cooperation (INC5) UCLA CNSI‐May 21, 2009

Invited Keynote Lecture, ChinaNANO2009 Conference, Beijing, China, September 1‐3, 2009.

Nanotoxicology as a Predictive Science. Invited Speaker, Award Ceremony for Distinguished Visiting Professor in the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing, China, September 2009.

Using Predictive Toxicological Paradigm to Study Nanotoxicity and Design Safe Nanomaterials. ICEIN 2009, Washington, D.C., September 9, 2009.

Nanotoxicology as a Predictive Science in the UC Center for Environmental Impact of Nanotechnology (CEIN). Invited Speaker, International Institute for Nanotechnology Symposium Nanotechnology in Biology and Medicine, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, October 29, 2009.

Nanotoxicology as a Predictive Science Use of a Hierarchical Oxidative Stress Paradigm for Evaluation of Safety. Invited Speaker, 4th International Conference on Oxidative/Nitrosative Stress and Disease, The New York Academy of Sciences, October 28‐30, 2009

Nanotoxicology, including use of nanomaterial structure‐activity relationships for nanomaterial safety testing. Plenary Lecture, American Vacuum Society 56th International Symposium, San Jose, CA., November 7, 2009.

New Products Come Out of the Safe Design of Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles. Invited Speaker, 3rd Annual Nanobiotechnology Global Symposium, New Directions in NanoHealth, November 19‐20, 2009. CNSI Building, UCLA.

Nanotoxicity as a Predictive Science. NSF Nanoscale Science and Engineering Grantees Conference, Arlington, VA, December 7‐9, 2009.

Roger Nisbet, UC Santa Barbara

Dynamic Energy Budget theory and ecology. Keynote lecture, International Symposium on Dynamic Energy Budget Theory, Brest, France, April 2009

Dynamic Energy Budget theory for zooplankton and fish. Invited lecture, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, August 2009


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Suman Pokhrel, Universitat Bremen

Solubility as Paradigm for nanotoxicity, NanoToxCom, UFT, University of Bremen, October 2009.

Ultrafine WO3 Nanoparticle synthesis, University Tubingen, Tubingen, Germany, November 30, 2009.

Terre Satterfield, University of British Columbia

Reflections on Chasing the Elusive: Hope, Intention and Disruption in the Anticipation of Social Response to Nanotechnologies. American Anthropological Association meetings, Philadelphia, Dec 4, 2009.

Designing for Upstream Risk Perception Research: Malleability and Asymmetry in Judgments about Nanotechnologies. Nanotech Risk Perception Specialist Meeting, Santa Barbara, Jan 29‐30, 2010.

Joshua Schimel, UC Santa Barbara

Known Knowns, Unknown Knowns, and Unknown Unknowns: Challenges to Understanding the Impacts of Nanomaterials in Ecosystems. ICEIN 2009, Washington, D.C., September 10, 2009.

Sharona Sokolow, UC Los Angeles

UC CEIN Protocols Project: Tools and Guidelines for Development and Validation of Standard Protocols. ICEIN 2009, Washington, DC, September 9, 2009.

Ponisseril Somasundaran, Columbia University

Correlation of Wettability/Hydrophobicity of Nanoparticles with their Toxicity on Nitrosomonas europea. ICEIN 2009, Washington, D.C., September 10, 2009.

Galen Stucky, UC Santa Barbara

Synthesis, Size‐Selective Separation, and Chemistry of Composite Synthetic Natural Nanoparticles. ICEIN 2009, Washington, D.C., September 10, 2009.

Elizabeth Suarez, UC Los Angeles

UCLA Molecular Shared Screening Resource (MSSR): Capabilities and Applications for Nanotoxicity Studies for CEIN. ICEIN 2009, Washington, D.C., September 10, 2009.

Sirikarn Surawanvijit, UC Los Angeles

Removal of Nanoparticles via Coagulation followed by Sedimentation. AIChE Conference, Nashville, TN, November 2009. [session: Advances in Fluid‐Particle Separations, paper 128c]

Removal of Nanoparticles by Coagulation Integrated with Membrane Filtration. AIChE Conference, Nashville, TN, November 2009. [session 412: Hybrid and Emerging Membrane‐Based Separations Technologies, paper 412f]

Courtney Thomas, UC Los Angeles

Toxicity of Functionalized Silica Nanoparticles, UC TSR&TP Annual Meeting, Berkeley, CA – May 1‐2, 2009.

Raja Vukanti, UC Santa Barbara

Bacterial‐nanoparticle Interactions: Insights from Axenic Cultures. ICEIN 2009, Washington, DC, September 9, 2009.


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Sharon Walker, UC Riverside

Water Quality and Food Safety. Imagining the Future Lecture Series – included some discussion of nanomaterials as an emerging water quality issue. Public seminar at UCR Palm Desert Campus, March 4, 2009.

Transport of TiO2 Nanoparticles: Role of Solution Chemistry and Particle Concentration. ICEIN 2009, Washington, D.C., September 10, 2009.

Rebecca Werlin, UC Santa Barbara

Trophic Bioaccumulation and Toxicity of CdSe Qdot Nanoparticles in Fresh Water Protozoa, UC TSR&TP Annual Meeting, Berkeley, CA – May 1‐2, 2009.

Tristan Winneker, UC Santa Barbara

Effects of TiO2 nanoparticles on microbial soil communities: an investigation of respiration and community structure, UC TSR&TP Annual Meeting, Berkeley, CA – May 1‐2, 2009.

Gene Expression of P. aeruginosa Exposed to Cd(II) Salts and CdSe Quantum Dots. ICEIN 2009, Washington, DC, September 9, 2009.

Tian Xia, UC Los Angeles

Design of a mesoporous silica nanoparticles for dual delivery of drugs and SiRNA. Department Of Medicine Research Day, University of California, Los Angeles, October 3, 2009.

Sijing Xiong, Nanyang Technological University

In vitro Toxicity Study of PLGA and HA Nanoparticles. ICEIN 2009, Washington, DC, September 9, 2009.

Kristin Yamada – UC Los Angeles

Health Effects Risk Assessment of Nominated Nanomaterials and Trends in the Nanotoxicology Literature, UC TSR&TP Annual Meeting, Berkeley, CA – May 1‐2, 2009.

Health Effects Risk Assessment of Nominated Nanomaterials and Trends in the Nanotoxicology Literature. ICEIN 2009, Washington, DC, September 9, 2009.

Dongxu Zhou, UC Santa Barbara

Aggregation of ZnO Nanoparticles Under Different Aqueous Solution Chemistries, UC TSR&TP Annual Meeting, Berkeley, CA – May 1‐2, 2009.

Stability and Photoactivity of Metal Oxide Nanoparticles in Natural Waters. ICEIN 2009, Washington, D.C., September 10, 2009.

Fractal aggregation of ZnO nanoparticles under different aqueous solution chemistries. American Geophysical Union, San Francisco, CA, December, 2009

Fractal aggregation of ZnO nanoparticles under different aqueous solution chemistries. American Chemical Society, San Francisco, CA, March, 2009

Outreach Activities by UC CEIN Members Collaborations with International Researchers

Chinese Academy of Sciences

University of Tsukuba, Japan

University of Kyoto, Japan


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National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics Akadeema, Estonia

Bristol University, Center for NanoScience and Quantum Information

Established collaborative discussions with Canada‐California Strategic Partnership Program. Ongoing meetings with Director Pamela Johnson to identify areas of potential collaborative reserach between UC CEIN and researchers from Canadian institutions of higher learning. Hosted at UCLA, September 21, 2009 with followup scheduled for Spring 2010.

Collaborations with Industry

Held collaboration discussions with and hosted visit to UCSB and UCLA by Perkin Elmer to discuss possible technology platform development. Initial visit on November 4‐5, 2009 with follow‐up on April 13, 2010 to UCSB.

Hosted William Clark and Akira Nakasuga from the Sekisui Chemical Corporation of Japan, UCLA campus, August 24 and 31, 2009. Discussed research platforms of UC CEIN as they related to industry development.

Hosted Dr. Rainer Fischer, Senior Executive Director of the Fraunhofer Institute of Molecular Biology. Discussed research platforms of the UC CEIN and potential collaborative activities.

Development of NanoSafety Materials

Work with the International Alliance of Nano Harmonization to develop nano materials protocols for material dispersal, DLS, and cellular toxicity testing. CEIN members: Andre Nel.

Collaborate with UCLA Environmental Health and Safety office to develop interim guidelines for Safe Handling of Nanomaterials, and development on online safety training modules (in development). CEIN members: Hilary Godwin, Elizabeth Suarez.

Legislative/Policy Activities

Co‐sponsored 2009 Working Conference on NanoRegulatory Policy, April 17, 2009, UCLA Campus

UC CEIN participation in the President’s Council for Science and Technology review of the National Nanotechnology Initiative. March 12, 2010. Andre Nel and Barbara Harthorn participated in a panel on the state of Nanotechnology research in the US. Information from this panel was incorporated into the PCAST report to President Obama.

UC CEIN Director Andre Nel is co‐chair of the World Technology Evaluation Center Nano 2 project. The project will conduct a review of the future of Nanotechnology in the next 10 years entitled “International Study of the Long‐Term Impacts and Future Opportunities for Nanoscale Science and Engineering”. An initial workshop was held on March 9‐10, 2010 in Chicago Illinois, with future workshops scheduled for June in Hamburg Germany and July in Japan and Singapore. The review will be published as a report.

Planning is underway for the UC CEIN to host California Department of Toxic Substances Control “Nano 6 Workplace Safety Symposium” at UCLA in October 2010.

Educational Mentoring Bradley Cardinale, University of California Santa Barbara

Mentor Courtney Kwan in the UCSB Research Mentorship program (6‐week summer internship program for high school students, June ‐ August 2009).


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Patricia Holden, University of California Santa Barbara

Mentor Gwen Christiansen in the UCSB Research Mentorship program (6 month laboratory mentorships from September 2009 – February 2010 involving Holden and postdoctoral associates Raja Vukanti and Yuan Ge from CEIN).

Mentor and advise, including providing several interviews and many published references materials, freelance author and editor James Badham for production of an article in the Miller McCune publication. February 4, 2010: Toxicology of the Tiny. http://www.miller‐mccune.com/science‐environment/toxicology‐of‐the‐tiny‐7171/

Mentor Barbora Bakajova ([email protected]. Ph.D. student visiting in Winter quarter 2010 from the Faculty of Chemistry, Brno University of Technology, Czech Republic.

Mentored two 1st year Bren School Masters students (Adeyemi Adeleye and Sudhir Sudhir Paladugu) in co‐developing and authoring successful Group Project proposal for 2010‐11, with CA DTSC and UCLA CEIN as clients.

Catalina Marambio‐Jones, University of California Los Angeles, Graduate Student

Mentor high school student from Palos Verdes Penninsula High School. Study on bacterial toxicity of silver and other nanoparticles. The student has won a number of major awards from the State of California and was selected to represent California at the Stockholm Junior Water Prize contest this summer.


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13. Shared and other Experimental Facilities UCLA Facilities The UC CEIN is housed in the California NanoSystems Institute (CNSI) building, centrally located on the UCLA campus. Administrative office space for CEIN support staff and access to CNSI meeting rooms, conference rooms, state of the art media facilities, and meeting planning assistance are provided within CNSI. Additionally, over 1000 square feet of shared laboratory bench space has been allocated to CEIN researchers participating in the UC Nanotoxicology Research and Training Program. The CEIN recently installed a Wyatt DynaPro Plate Reader Dynamic Light Scattering instrument, a Brookhaven Zeta Potential analyzer, and an Elisa Plate reader for use by CEIN researcher in characterization and high content screening studies. Bench space has also been outfitted to accommodate approximately 10 working bays. Finally, the Data Management activities have the Center have been assigned private space in the CNSI Data Center, providing workstations and a server room to serve as the hub of the UC CEIN data management and modeling activities as described in IRG 6. Molecular Screening Shared Resource (MSSR): Established in 2003, the MSSR provides HTS technology. Since 2005, it has been directed by Kenneth Bradley, who reports to an Advisory Board with members from UCLA’s CNSI, Chemistry, Biology, Medicine, and other departments. Located in the UCLA CNSI, the MSSR occupies 1085 square foot of laboratory space. The MSSR contains two fully integrated systems: (i) Automated liquid handling, multiple plate reading, plate filling and washing, deshielding, and delidding, and online incubators for cell‐based assays using a Beckman/Sagian system equipped with an Orca robotic arm that delivers plates to individual work stations; Beckman Biomek FX liquid handling robot (96‐well pipetting, 96‐ or 384‐pin transfer); Perkin–Elmer Victor3(V) plate reader (96–1536 well plates in luminescence, fluorescence, fluorescence polarization, time‐resolved fluorescence, UV–Vis absorbance modes); Molecular Devices FlexStation II plate reader equipped with an integrated pipetter and general fluorescence and luminescence plate applications in 96‐ or 384‐well format; Cytomat 6001 incubator: CO2 incubator; Multidrop 384: manifold liquid dispensing into 96‐ or 384‐well plates; ELx 405 plate washer: well washing, aspiration, dispensing. Current capacity of cell‐based assay is ca. 105 wells (conditions)/day. Multiple plate readers allow fluorescence, FRET, BRET, time‐resolved fluorescence, fluorescence polarization, luminescence, and UV–Vis absorption assays. (ii) A second Beckman/Sagian Core system for HCS using automated microscopy with an Orca arm; Molecular Devices ImageXpress (micro) automated fluorescence microscope and a Cytomat 6001 incubator. Equipment at MSSR available for off‐line use: Genetix Q‐bot colony‐picking robot: maintain and re‐order clone collections; Precision 2000: automated pipetting and manifold dispensing of BSL‐2 agents; 6‐ft Class II biosafety cabinet, tabletop centrifuge, –80 °C freezers, 96‐well thermal cycler, CO2 incubators. MSSR screening capabilities include two genome‐wide knockout libraries of S. cerevisiae yeast and genome‐wide small interfering RNA libraries for mouse and human, providing functional genomic capabilities for identifying cellular pathways governing responses to nanomaterials. The following research facilities on the UCLA campus are available to the CEIN on a recharge basis: CNSI Core Facilities including an Advanced Light Microscopy/Spectroscopy, X‐ray Diffraction, and Imaging Lab, Electron Imaging Center for NanoMachines, Integrated NanoMaterials Lab, Integrated Systems Nanofabrication Clean Room, Macro‐Scale Imaging, Molecular Screening Shared Resource, Nano & Pico Characterization. Water Quality Research Laboratory includes NF/RO membrane simulators for desalination and wastewater reclamation studies, MF/UF membrane simulators with rapid permeate back‐flushing, integrated membrane filtration/mixed reactors for hybrid membrane process studies, flow through electrochemical reactor for electrodialysis and electro‐oxidation studies. Water Quality Instrumentation Laboratory includes GCs with FID, ECD, MS, and TCD detectors, HPLC,


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ion and hydrophobic chromatography, flame atomic absorption spectrophotometer for trace metal analyses, TOC, UV–Vis, and fluorospectrophotometer for organic characterization and analyses and instrumentation for pH, conductivity/TDS, ions, turbidity, color, particle size, and solids analyses. Water Technology Research Center includes atomic force microscopy (AFM), IR spectroscopy (FTIR, ATR‐IR), X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Nanoelectronics Research Facility includes scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with energy‐dispersive analysis of X‐rays; transmission electron microscopy; surface profilometers and ellipsometers. Molecular Instrumentation Center includes SEM, differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis, magnetic resonance imaging, X‐ray diffraction, mass spectrometry for proteomics and biochemistry instrumentation, ICP‐AES for elemental analysis and speciation. UCLA’s Environmental Nanotechnology Research Laboratory includes a programmable oven, furnace, and microwave systems for NM synthesis, bench‐top micro‐centrifuge and stirred filtration cells for NM isolation, BET analyzer for powder surface area and pore size analyses, equipment for polymer phase inversion, interfacial polymerization, and solution casting. Nano‐Bio Interfacial Forces Laboratory includes a contact angle goniometer for powder/substrate wetting and surface energy analyses; particle micro‐electrophoresis system for particle electrophoretic mobilities (zeta potentials); dynamic and static light scattering for evaluating particle sizes and polymer molecular weights; upright optical and epi‐fluorescence microscope; and AFM integrated with inverted optical microscopy. UC Santa Barbara Facilities Three clusters of laboratories are available to CEIN researchers: (1) CNSI‐UCSB provides access on a recharge basis: The Microscopy and Microanalysis Facility includes three transmission electron microscopes (FEI Titan FEG and two FEI Tecnai G2 Sphera), three SEMs (FEI XL40 Sirion FEG, FEI XL30 Sirion, FEI Inspect S), five scanning probe STM/AFM microscopes (Digital Multi‐mode Nanoscope, Digital Dimension 3000, Digital Dimension 3100, Asylum MFP‐3D SL, Asylum MFP‐3D Bio), a secondary ion mass spectrometer (Physical Electronics 6650 Quadrupole), X‐ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy Kratos Axis Ultra System, Focused Ion Beam System (Model DB235 Dual Beam). The Spectroscopy Facility has seven state‐of‐the‐art spectrometers (Nicolet Magna 850 IR/Raman, Varian Cary Eclipse Fluorimeter, Bruker DPX200 SB NMR for solutions, DSX300 WB NMR for solids, DMX500 SB NMR for solutions, Bruker IPSO500 WB NMR for solids, Bruker EMX Plus EPR spectrometer). Stucky’s laboratory (3000 sf) contains: Malvern Nano‐sizer, Invitrogen Xcell SureLock Mini‐Cell Gel Electrophoresis, Nikon Eclipse ME600 Microscope with CCD camera, Arbin Instruments, MSTA+ & EG&G Princeton Applied Research potentiostat/galvanostat, Netzsche STA 409C thermogravimetric analyzer, Tempress hydrothermal system, Brinkman Tuttnauer autoclave, humidity‐environment‐controlled reaction chamber, vacuum oven, 1‐gallon Parr autoclave reactor, three vacuum‐atmosphere boxes, Labconco Free Zone 4.5‐L benchtop freeze dry system, IEC Multi‐RF high‐performance centrifuge, OLIS Cary 14 UV–Vis–near‐IR spectrophotometer, StellarNet UV–Vis spectrophotometer with a photodiode detector. (2) Bren School of Environmental Science and Management. The School Infrastructure Lab (2350 sf) includes a Shimadzu HPLC with fluorescence and diode array detectors, Shimadzu GC/FID, Beckman scintillation counter, total‐carbon analyzer, –80 °C Revco freezer, high‐speed refrigerated Sorvall centrifuge, two static incubators for cultivation at 37 and 41 °C, refrigerator, water baths, spectrophotometers, hybridization oven, UV crosslinker, Nanopure water system, autoclave, icemaker, laboratory microwave, two multi‐user walk‐in 4 ºC rooms for sample storage and two walk‐in freezers, and two variable‐temperature rooms for experimental work. Use of this central facility is available at no cost to the project. Holden’s laboratory (930 sf) includes: HP 6890 GC/MS with autosampler; Baker biological control cabinet; Sorvall microcentrifuge; New Brunswick shaker/incubator; analytical balances;


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Nikon E‐800 epifluorescent microscope equipped with a CCD camera and NIS‐Elements acquisition and analysis software; BioTek Synergy2 microplate shaker/incubator/reader with UV/Vis/TRF detectors; PCR thermal cycler and other equipment related to electrophoresis, PCR product quantification, and analyzing terminal labeled restriction fragment length polymorphisms. Holden’s laboratory houses the Micro‐Environmental Imaging and Analysis Facility (MEIAF), an environmental SEM with a cryo‐stage for imaging frozen materials and an X‐ray detector for elemental analysis (300 sf). The MEIAF is available to the public on a recharge basis. Keller’s laboratory (940 sf) includes: Varian Saturn 2100T GC/MS with autosampler; Nikon Optiphot‐M epi‐fluorescent microscope with CCD camera; Thermo Cahn Radian 315 dynamic contact angle analyzer; Brookfield viscometer; ozone generator; UV reactor; column transport pumps and controllers; silicone micromodels. The School has a Videoconferencing Facility (Bren Hall 1424, 750 sf) for telecommunication (e.g., graduate training courses, seminars, REC meetings) related to the project, with capacity for 50 people. It supports h242 video conferencing or ISDN over IP connections at 100 Mbps. There are two data projectors and corresponding screens that can display input from a remote video connection or from local inputs including a dedicated computer or portable DVD/VHS video camera and a document camera. (3) Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Marine Biology. Laboratories from three EEMB faculty will be used for the proposed work. Schimel’s laboratory includes: two Finnegan MAT Delta Plus MS systems equipped with elemental analyzer, gas bench, pyrolysis, and GC inlet systems (available through MSI analytical lab); two multichannel Lachat autoanalyzers for dissolved nutrients; C/N analyzer for solid samples; Shimadzu GC 14 for simultaneous CO2, CH4, and N2O analyses; microtiter plate reader (UV/Vis) for enzyme and chemical assays. Cardinale’s laboratory (1200 sf) is fully equipped for work with aquatic algae and invertebrates; it includes: two environmentally controlled walk‐in chambers for the culture of organisms; a “clean lab” equipped with a Millipore water purification system for nutrient analyses and water chemistry; an 800‐sf state‐of‐the‐art freshwater flume facility (temperature‐controlled facility with 120 recirculating stream channels); two Olympus stereomicroscopes for invertebrate work; Barnstead–Themolyne spectrophotometer; Turner fluorometer; two YSI Model 556 oxygen probes; Sontek Flowtracker Acoustic Doppler Velocimeter for field work; Li‐Cor LI‐192 underwater quantum sensor with LI‐1400 datalogger. Nisbet’s laboratory has high‐end PCs for DEB modeling; it has substantial computing requirements and requires Linux and Windows applications. Additional access to a high‐performance computing multi‐node facility at UCSB is available on a recharge basis. Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory Facilities Center for Accelerator Mass Spectrometry. Although CEIN samples can be analyzed at CAMS, LLNL staff operates these specialized instruments and equipment. CEIN collaborators can be trained on sample preparation techniques to perform as much work as possible on their home campuses prior to traveling to LLNL. CAMS includes an NEC 1‐MV AMS automated, highly modified, custom‐built General Ionex 846 Cs sputter source, low‐energy injection beam line, and a high‐energy mass spectrometer. The spectrometer analyzes ca. 5000 AMS samples in a semi‐automated mode annually and has capacity of up to 25,000. All AMS samples are oxidized to CO2 and then reduced to filamentous graphite for isotope analysis. All gas‐handling manifold graphitization ovens are custom‐built LLNL designs for AMS sample processing, including Uniquip Unijet II refrigerated aspirators; Jouan RC 10.10 vacuum concentrators/dryers; Neytech muffle furnaces for sample combustion; Exeter 440 CHN Analyzer (PC‐controlled); and VWR vacuum oven. The nanoSIMS laboratory includes: Leica Ultra Cut 6 microtome with cryo‐capability; Leica light microscope with precision X,Y stage for sample mapping; and a clean bench. Other major equipment available at CAMS include: Shimadzu UV‐1700 UV–Vis scanning spectrophotometer; Agilent HPLC with fluorescent and diode array detectors; Waters 2690 Millennium Alliance gradient HPLC system with photodiode array detection and auto sampling capabilities;


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Shimadzu HPLC with UV–Vis detector (SPD‐10Avp) and two liquid chromatograph pumps (LC‐10ATvp); Pharmacia Wallac 1410 liquid scintillation counter. Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Facilities Molecular Foundry. Molecular Foundry users apply to use the facilities and are trained by LBNL staff to conduct their studies. The Inorganic Nanostructures Facility will provide CEIN users with the instrumentation to synthesize and characterize nanocrystals, nanotubes, and nanowires, as well as their expertise and training on manufacturing processes. The following equipment is available free of charge: Automated nanocrystal synthesizer robot; Bruker AXS D8 Discover GADDS XRD diffractometer system; Thomas Swann 3x2 CCS MOCVD for nitride films and nanowires; Thomas Swann 3x2 CCS MOCVD for III‐V and other semi‐conducting materials; Yobin Ivon Fluorolog 3 spectrofluorimeter with PL life‐time capability; Agilent Precision semiconductor parameter analyzer; Malvern Zetasizer ZS; Shimadzu UV–near IR spectrophotometer; Rucker and Kolls probe station; low‐temperature, inert‐atmosphere probe station; custom‐built robotic combinatorial synthesizers; Beckman NXp HTS robot; total‐internal‐reflection microscopy system equipped with Olympus IX‐81w/Andor EMCCD camera; Amersham Biosciences Akta FPLC; Agilent 1100 series (ion trap) LC‐MC‐MC mass spectrometer; Varian analytical, semi‐prep, and prep HPLCs; CEM Liberty microwave peptide synthesizer; Biotage SP1 flash chromatography system; ACT Apex 396 peptide synthesizer; Beckman Optima ultracentrifuge; Real‐time PCR 7000 sequence detection system; New Brunswick BioFlo 310 fermentor; Molecular Devices absorbance and fluorescence plate readers; Jobin Yvon FluoroMax flourimeter; and cell culture incubators and biosafety cabinets. Columbia University Facilities The Industry/University Cooperative Research Center (I/UCRC) for advanced studies on novel surfactants has shared resources in the MRSEC and Chemistry Departments for work on this project: Hitachi 4700 SEM; JEOL SEM and TEM; Inel X‐ray diffractometer; Bruker NMR spectrometer; Raman spectroscope; ellipsometer. Somasundaran’s laboratory includes: Digital Instruments AFM; PenKem 3.0+ Zeta meters; Perkin–Elmer Spectrum100 FTIR spectrophotometer; Horiba Jobin Yvon Fluorolog fluorescence spectrophotometer (steady state); Horiba Jobin Yvon IBH5000F fluorescence spectrophotometer (time‐resolved); Quantachrome Instruments Quantasorb surface area analyzer; Bruker EMX EPR spectroscope; Perkin–Elmer Plasma 400 ICP spectrophotometer; Kruss K12 surface and interfacial tensiometers; NIMA Tech DST9005 dynamic surface tension analyzer; Nikon optical microscope; Beckman–Coulter Optima XL‐1 analytical ultracentrifuge; SORVALL RC‐5B bench‐scale and temperature‐controlled centrifuge. University of Bremen Facilities Foundation Institute for Materials Science. The IWT Foundation Institute of Material Science has all major material characterization equipment available: X‐ray diffraction (with extended Rietveld analysis); TEM and SEM; surface adsorption analysis (adsorption isotherms). Recharge‐based access to thermogravimetric analysis and zeta‐potential instrumentation is also available. Mädler’s laboratory has state‐of‐the‐art flame spray pyrolysis reactors for the synthesis of various metal oxide‐based NMs, including their functionalization with noble metals. UC Riverside Facilities Center for Nanoscale Science and Engineering. A 1900‐sf laboratory space with environmental controls necessary to provide Class 1000 and Class 100 clean areas. CNSE has four staff members: a Facility Manager, a dedicated operator for the e‐beam and FIB instruments, and maintenance and process technicians. In addition to the nanofabrication center, the following major resources are available on a recharge basis: NMR spectroscopy; mass spectrometry; small‐molecule X‐ray crystallography (SMXC);


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optical spectroscopy; fluorescence‐activated cell scanner (to analyze cell morphology, cell surface proteins, and cell cycle‐related processes); high‐precision CNC lathe; mill and Sinker‐ and Wire‐EDM; electron beam techniques; laser confocal microscopy. Walker‘s laboratory at UCR is equipped with an inverted Olympus IX70 microscope (phase contrast or fluorescent mode), used to image bacterial cells or particle attachment to test surfaces within a parallel plate flow cell or a radial stagnation point flow cell. Image analysis software allows quantification of the kinetics of cell–particle attachment to the test surfaces. Nanyang Technological University (NTU) Facilities. Boey’s laboratory at NTU has the following equipment for characterizing NMs for the proposed work: dynamic light scattering; zeta potential analyzer; FE‐SEM; HR‐TEM; XPS; MALDI‐TOF MS; ASAP‐BET; FTIR spectrometer; a range of XRDs. UC Davis Facilities Bodega Marine Laboratory (BML). BML has an outstanding flow‐through seawater system, a sophisticated computer‐controlled 600,000‐gallon/day system providing seawater to 16 wet lab areas. A Seawater Monitoring and Control Network provides automated and centralized control of temperature in 10 labs and salinity in two. Photoperiod control is also available in several areas and natural sunlight in two outdoor laboratories. Other functional spaces include 49 dry laboratories, three classrooms, and one auditorium as well as a library, computer lab, and two conference rooms. BML is also equipped with a Horiba JY Ultima 2C ICP‐OES (optical emissions spectrometer); New Wave laser ablation system; two semi‐automated quantitative fluorescence imaging systems (Olympus Fluoview 500 scanning laser confocal; Metamorph/Metafluor imaging system with cooled high‐speed CCD); Tecan fluorescent plate reader. Cherr’s laboratory houses the BML’s Fluorescence Imaging Facility, which includes a Photon Technology spectrofluorometer with ratiometric and ion quantitation software; high‐speed fluorescence video imaging system; three epifluorescence microscopes; UVP Epichem II fluorescence/chemiluminescence gel documentation system; Tecan Genios time‐resolved fluorescence/ and luminescence/absorbance plate reader; confocal scanning laser microscope; Expert Vision System software. This facility is equipped to analyze motion of microscopic samples as well as larger macro samples (e.g., adult fish and crustaceans). University of Texas, El Paso Facilities Gardea‐Torresdey’s laboratory has available the following major equipment for this project: 3100 Perkin–Elmer flame atomic absorption spectrometer; 4100 ZL Perkin–Elmer Zeeman graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometer; 4300 DV Perkin–Elmer ICP OES; Perkin–Elmer Elan DRC IIe Laser ablation/HPLC/ICP‐MS; EG&G Model 394 electrochemical trace analyzer; Hewlett–Packard 5890 GC; Hewlett–Packard 5972 GC/MS; Perkin–Elmer Spectrum 100 FTIR spectrometer coupled to a Perkin–Elmer Spectrum spotlight 300 FTIR microscope. Additional shared resources: Bruker 250‐MHz NMR spectrometer; Bruker 300‐MHz multi‐nuclei NMR spectrometer; Electroscan 2020 environmental SEM; Kevex omicron X‐ray microfluorescence spectrometer; Hitachi S‐4800‐II SEM with EBSD; EDAX/TSL X‐ray analyzer and electron backscatter diffraction imaging equipment; Zyvex Nanomanipulator and Nanoprobe; Hitachi H‐8000 TEM. The XAS studies planned for this project will be performed at Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Laboratories (SSRL), Stanford, CA, where Gardea‐Torresdey has received beam time for performing X‐ray absorption spectroscopic studies for the duration of this project. Sandia National Lab Facilities Brinker's Biocharacterization laboratory includes a facility for the integration of biological organisms/components with engineered platforms. The lab is capable of handling Level 2 biological


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organisms and the isolation and analysis of DNA, RNA, and proteins. Various methods are used to incorporate biological organisms/components onto engineered platforms, such as vesicle fusion, multiple tethering schemes, and plugged flow packing. Other capabilities include: ellipsometry for film characterization; electrochemistry; a PCR instrument for DNA amplification; a laser connected to an inverted microscope for fluorophore interrogation; and a hyperspectral microarray scanner for microarray analysis. A Biosafety Level 1 laboratory is in operation at the AML with access to BSL2 status facilities at Sandia. The AML facility contains standard microbiological and biochemical equipment and supplies for handling the microorganisms and cell lines proposed for use on this project: Class II flow bench; standard and CO2 incubators; cryo‐storage; freezers and refrigerators; autoclave; and a fluorescence microscope. In Spring 2008, Sandia will install an Asylum Research MFP‐3D‐BioAFM integrated with a Nikon TE2000‐U inverted fluorescence microscope, which combines molecular resolution imaging and picoNewton force measurements on an inverted optical microscope to allow: in situ imaging of the surfaces of living cells upon exposure to NMs; measurement of adhesive forces of proteins/NMs on cell surfaces; single‐molecule force spectroscopy of single NPs; and nanolithography and manipulation of samples on the nanometer and picoNewton scale.


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14. Personnel Management and Organization Strategy The UC CEIN strategy is to maintain a strong organizational infrastructure that supports and integrates our research, technology development, educational and diversity efforts, internal and external stakeholders, as well as facilitating seamless communication among all these communities. To this end our organizational structure allows for selection, prioritization, distribution, and management of resources within a multi‐institutional center structure. Leadership Andre Nel (UCLA) serves as the Center Director and Principal Investigator. As Director, Dr. Nel is responsible for the integration of the Center’s overall research, education and outreach activities. Arturo Keller (UCSB) is the Associate Director, responsible for coordinating the research integration, seminars, student training, and outreach activities at UC Santa Barbara to provide seamless integration with the activities at UCLA. Focused leadership for the education and outreach components of the Center is provided by Hilary Godwin (UCLA). This faculty management team provides complimentary expertise and strategic leadership to ensure the Center’s vision and mission. Integrated Research Groups (IRGs). CEIN research is organized into seven research groups, each under the leadership of a CEIN faculty member. Each IRG is composed of several faculty, postdoctoral researchers, research staff, and graduate students. Key to the success of the CEIN is the integration of research within and across IRGs. IRG leaders are responsible for setting priorities, allocating resources, and tracking progress towards achievement of IRG goals. Frequent formal communication between IRG leaders is key to ensuring that progress is made across all groups, and the findings of one IRG are rapidly disseminated other IRGs. Projects submit quarterly progress updates to their IRG leader, the results of which are shared and discussed by the CEIN Executive Committee. Executive Committee The Executive Committee is composed of the Director, Associate Director, Education/Outreach Director, Co‐PIs, IRG leaders, and the Center Chief Administrative Officer. The Executive Committee meets twice per month and is responsible for assisting the Director with integration and coordination of research and education, overall resource allocation, and outreach to the scientific, industrial, and policy community. Each quarter, the Executive Committee reviews long‐term directions of the Center and possible strategic redirections. Prior to any Research Reviews, Site Visits, and External Science Advisory Committee meetings the EC focuses on strategic planning. Research progress for all projects is reviewed on an ongoing basis, with projects submitting Quarterly progress updates. Allocation of Center resources is based on the following metrics: (i) contribution of the proposed work to the CEIN’s core goals; (ii) productivity, publication, and product delivery record; (iii) novelty; (iv) integration and cooperation with other funded CEIN projects; (v) availability of resources and facilities to carry out proposed projects; and (vi) timely delivery of tangible results. Approximately 5% of the total research budget is designated for new and exploratory integrated research seed funding. Proposals for seed funding are reviewed by the EC on an annual basis. Each March, the Executive Committee meets for a day long research retreat. The retreat focuses on the review of overall Center priorities and is a forum for discussing and establishing key short and long term goals for the Center, with particular focus on strengthening integration across all IRGs.


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External Science Advisory Committee The CEIN has convened an 11‐member External Science Advisory Committee (ESAC) comprised of scientists, technologists, industry members, and policy and education specialists. The ESAC advises the Center’s Executive Committee with respect to CEIN strategic directions and management policies. The ESAC provides feedback on the focus and direction of CEIN research, progress made toward achieving Center goals, and illuminating new research and educational opportunities. The diversity of this group provides a comprehensive perspective on the major advances in nanotechnology and key issues with regards to potential environmental implications. The ESAC has met twice with the Center leadership utilizing videoconferencing technology. This allows for interactive discussions with the committee without the need for travel and a large time commitment. The first in‐person meeting of the ESAC will take place on Monday, May 10 on the UCLA Campus. A daylong meeting has been developed to involve in depth discussions about the CEIN approach to research, the methods of integration, and the organization of Center research. This meeting will be held in conjunction with the 2010 International CEIN meeting. The ESAC will provide an annual written report on CEIN progress in research, education, external collaborations, and outreach, as well as the performance of the CEIN leadership. Student‐Postdoctoral Advisory Committee A Student‐Postdoctoral Advisory Committee (SPAC) has been convened within the CEIN. The committee includes graduate student and postdoctoral scholar representatives from each of the IRGs. Initial meetings of the SPAC focused on providing input into the development of the CEIN education program (including development of undergraduate mentoring opportunities), development of a full‐day annual leadership workshop (the first of which was held in September 2009, the second will be held in May 2010), and formulation of goals for future Center workshops and seminar series. With input from the SPAC, the Education/Outreach Director and Coordinator are developing an assessment document reviewing the educational and training achievements of Center trainees as well as an assessment of the educational quality of our outreach program. Annual participation surveys will be sent out to all Center members and will be reviewed with the assistance of the SPAC. Administrative Support An administrative staff has been compiled at UCLA to support streamlined operations of the Center. David Avery serves as the Chief Administrative Officer of the CEIN. The CAO assists the Director by overseeing the general administration, cooperation, communication, planning, financial implementation, goals setting, and development of Center activities. The CAO is supported by the following dedicated staff:

o Financial/Budget Coordinator – responsible for financial management and reporting systems across partner institutions

o Administrative Assistant – provides general support for all Center activities including meeting coordination

o Education/Outreach Coordinator – under joint supervision of the CAO and Education/Outreach Director, organizes the training, communication, diversity, and evaluation components of the program.

To assist in the administrative coordination of the UC Santa Barbara activities, a half time administrative support staff position has been allocated to UCSB.


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Organization Chart

IRG 1 Leader

IRG 2 Leader

IRG3 Leader

IRG4 Leader

CEIN Exec utive Committee (CEC)

CEIN Director

External ScienceAdvisory Committee

( ESAC )

CEIN Associate Director

Student

Advisory Committee

SPAC

IRG5 Leader

Modeling of NP Environmental Distribution &

Toxicity

IRG 6 Leader

Combinatorial Nanoparticle

Libraries

NMs Interactions ( Molecular ,

Cellular , Organ & Systemic

Levels )

Organismal & Community Toxicology

Nanoparticles Fate &

Transport

High Throughput Screening (Data Mining, QSRs)

IRG7 Leader

Risk Perception

Education / Outreach ( EO )

Director

Vice Chancellor for

Research

Education , Outreach & Human

Resource Objectives

Chief Admin

Officer

Financial/Budget

Coordinator

Administrative Assistant

EO Coordinator /

Assistant

Administrative Assistant

Data/IT Coordinator

Postdoc

Changes in Personnel The UC CEIN Executive Committee unanimously voted to add UCLA Biostatistics/Public Health Professor Donatello Telesca to the Center membership. Dr. Telesca’s research interests are focused on dependent data and nonparametrics. He is also interested in Decision Theory, MCMC Computation, and statistical methods in bioinformatics. Since joining the Center, Dr. Telesca has worked closely with researchers in IRG 5 (High Throughput) and IRG 6 (Data Modeling and Management) to provide assistance in statistical analysis of large data sets and how this data can be used to develop models predicting environmental impacts. Dr. Telesca’s bio follows in Section 16. Dr. Bradley Cardinale (IRG 3 freshwater mesocosm studies) will be leaving UC Santa Barbara in Summer 2010 to accept a position at the University of Michigan. The CEIN has selected and the Executive Committee has unanimously approved to add UCSB Ecology, Evolutionary and Marine Biology Professor Edward McCauley to the Center membership. Dr. McCauley will share supervision of the freshwater mesocosm postdoctoral fellow as the current round of mesocosm experiments are conducted as previously planned. Dr. McCauley will assess whether the experimental plan for these studies will need to be modified over the coming year to best suit the objectives of the UC CEIN. Dr. McCauley's bio follows in Section 16.


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The UC CEIN Executive Committee conducted an annual review of the integrated research plans of all of our current projects. Through a review of the activities of our nanomaterial libraries, the committee decided that the current strategy for dealing with carbon nanotubes in the Center is not logistically optimal for introducing sufficient CNTs to perform mesocosm studies. The committee decided to discontinue the current project on SWCNT studies in collaboration with UC Riverside at the end of Year 2 (August 31, 2010). The Center Director and IRG 1 leader are working with Dr. Haddon to conclude these ongoing studies and develop a publication reflecting the work to date. The allocation for this project will be returned to IRG 1 and redistributed to engineered nanomaterials library development following a course of action that will be reviewed and approved by our Executive Committee.

Table 4a: NSEC Personnel - All, irrespective of Citizenship - Draft ReportNSEC Center: CEIN: Predictive Toxicology Assessment and Safe Implementation of Nanotechnology in the Environment

Personnel Type Total

Gender Race Data


%NSEC

DollarsMale Female AI/AN NH/PI B/AA W A



W/A

NotProvided

Leadership, Administration/Management

Subtotal 17 8 9 0 0 0 15 2 0 0 0 1 0 100%

Directors1 2 2 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 1 0 100%

Thrust Leaders1 7 4 3 0 0 0 7 0 0 0 0 0 0 100%

AdministrativeDirector andSupport Staff

8 2 6 0 0 0 6 2 0 0 0 0 0 -

Research

Subtotal 145 88 56 0 0 1 91 51 0 1 0 12 0 93%

SeniorFaculty1 21 19 2 0 0 0 18 3 0 0 0 3 0 71%

Junior Faculty1 5 4 1 0 0 0 3 2 0 0 0 0 0 80%

Research Staff 18 8 10 0 0 0 13 5 0 0 0 1 0 -

VisitingFaculty1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0%

IndustryResearchers 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -

Post Docs1 40 30 10 0 0 0 16 24 0 0 0 3 0 98%

DoctoralStudents1 37 15 22 0 0 0 25 12 0 0 0 3 0 97%

MastersStudents1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0%

UndergraduateStudents (non

REU)123 12 11 0 0 1 16 5 0 1 0 2 0 100%

High SchoolStudents 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -

Curriculum Development and Outreach

Subtotal 15 5 10 0 0 0 6 6 0 1 2 0 0 46%

SeniorFaculty1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 100%

Junior Faculty1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0%

Research Staff 2 1 1 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 -



Post Docs1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0%




REU)16 1 5 0 0 0 0 3 0 1 2 0 0 0%


REU Students

Subtotal 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0%

REU studentsparticipating in NSEC

Research10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0%

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NSEC FundedREU Students1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0%

Pre-college(K-12)

Subtotal 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0%

Students 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -

Teachers (RET) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -

Teachers(non-RET) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -

Total1 177 101 75 0 0 1 112 59 0 2 2 13 0 75%

1 The percentage of people in the personnel category receiving at least some salary or stipend support from NSF NSEC Program must be provided in the far right column, "%NSEC Dollars." Details are described in the Instructions section for this table.

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Table 4b: NSEC Personnel - US Citizens and Permanent Residents - Draft ReportNSEC Center: CEIN: Predictive Toxicology Assessment and Safe Implementation of Nanotechnology in the Environment

Personnel Type Total

Gender Race Data


%NSEC

DollarsMale Female AI/AN NH/PI B/AA W A



W/A

NotProvided

Leadership, Administration/Management

Subtotal 17 8 9 0 0 0 15 2 0 0 0 1 0 100%

Directors1 2 2 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 1 0 100%

Thrust Leaders1 7 4 3 0 0 0 7 0 0 0 0 0 0 100%

AdministrativeDirector andSupport Staff

8 2 6 0 0 0 6 2 0 0 0 0 0 -

Research

Subtotal 82 46 35 0 0 0 69 11 0 1 0 9 0 99%

SeniorFaculty1 13 12 1 0 0 0 11 2 0 0 0 1 0 92%

Junior Faculty1 2 1 1 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 100%

Research Staff 11 5 6 0 0 0 11 0 0 0 0 1 0 -



Post Docs1 10 7 3 0 0 0 10 0 0 0 0 2 0 100%




REU)120 10 10 0 0 0 15 4 0 1 0 2 0 100%


Curriculum Development and Outreach

Subtotal 14 4 10 0 0 0 6 6 0 1 1 0 0 50%

SeniorFaculty1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 100%

Junior Faculty1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0%

Research Staff 2 1 1 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 -



Post Docs1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0%




REU)15 0 5 0 0 0 0 3 0 1 1 0 0 0%


Total1 113 58 54 0 0 0 90 19 0 2 1 10 0 75%

1 The percentage of people in the personnel category receiving at least some salary or stipend support from NSF NSEC Program must be provided in the far right column, "%NSEC Dollars." Details are described in the Instructions section for this table.

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15. Publications and Patents Publications ‐ May 1, 2009 to March 31, 2010

Note: Interdisciplinary/cross IRG publications indicated with an * Arias, A., J., Peralta‐Videa, J.R., Ellzey, J.T., Viveros, M.N., Gardea‐Torresdey, J.L. 2010. Effects of Glomus

desertícola inoculation on Prosopis: Enhancing chromium and lead uptake and translocation as confirmed by x‐ray mapping, ICP‐OES and TEM techniques. Environmental and Experimental Botany 68 139–148. doi:10.1016/j.envexpbot.2009.08.009

Castillo‐Michel, H., Valente, N., Martinez‐Martinez, A., Parsons, J.G., Peralta‐Videa, J.R., Gardea‐

Torresdey, J.L. 2009. Coordination and speciation of cadmium in corn seedlings and its effects on macro and micro nutrients uptake. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry 47, 608‐614. doi:10.1016/j.plaphy.2009.02.005

Samuel Clarke, Randall E. Mielke, Andrea Neal, Patricia Holden, and Jay L. Nadeau; Bacterial and

Mineral Elements in an Arctic Biofilm: A Correlative Study Using Fluorescence and Electron Microscopy. Microscopy and Microanalysis, 16, 1‐13, 2010. doi:10.1017/S1431927609991334

de la Rosa, G., Martínez, A., Castillo, H., Fuentes‐Ramírez, R., Gardea‐Torresdey, J. 2009. Insights into the

mechanisms of Cd hyperaccumulation in S. kali, a desert plant species. Nova Scientia 2(1), 33‐53.

de la Rosa, G., Torres, J., Parsons, J.G., Peralta‐Videa, J.R., Castillo‐Michel, H., Lopez, M.L., Cruz‐Jiménez,

G., Gardea‐Torresdey, J.L. 2009. X‐ray Absorption Spectroscopy Unveils the Formation of Gold Nanoparticles in Corn (Zea mays) Acta Universitaria 19, Special Volume 2, 76‐81

Del Toro, I. Floyd, K., Gardea‐Torresdey, J., Borrok D. Heavy Metal Distribution and Bioaccumulation in

Chihuahuan Desert Rough Harvester Ant (Pogonomyrmex rugosus) Populations. Environmental Pollution, 158 (5), 1281‐1287. doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2010.01.024

*Saji George, Suman Pokhrel, Tian Xia, Benjamin Gilbert, Zhaoxia Ji, Marco Schowalter, Andreas

Rosenauer, Robert Damiseaux, Kenneth A. Bradley, Lutz Maedler, Andre E. Nel. Use of a Rapid Cytotoxicity Screening Approach to Engineer a Safer Zinc Oxide Nanoparticle through Iron Doping. ACS Nano, 2010, 4 (1), pp. 15‐29. doi:10.1021/nn901503q

Harthorn, Barbara, Nick Pidgeon, & Terre Satterfield. 2009. “Risks and Benefits of Nanotechnology.”

http://www.azonano.com/details.asp?ArticleId=2452AZoNano , online Nov 22, 2009. Barbara Herr Harthorn, Karl Bryant, & Jennifer Rogers. 2009. “Gendered Risk Beliefs about Emerging

Nanotechnologies in the US.” Univ of Washington Center for Workforce Development; pages 92‐112. Monograph available on‐line at:

http://depts.washington.edu/ntethics/symposium/index.shtml Barbara Herr Harthorn. “Methodological Challenges Posed by Emergent Nanotechnologies and Cultural

Values.” In The Handbook of Emergent Technologies and Social Research, Ed. Sharlene Nagy Hesse‐Biber, Oxford University Press. 2010 (in press)


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Y. Hong, R. Honda, N. Myung, S. Walker, “Transport of iron‐based nanoparticles: Role of magnetic

properties”. Environmental Science and Technology 2009 43, 8834–8839. doi:10.1021/es9015525

*Keller, A., X. Wang, D. Zhou, H. Lenihan, G. Cherr, B. Cardinale, RJ Miller, Stability and aggregation of

metal oxide nanoparticles in natural aqueous matrices. Environmental Science and Technology, 2010, 44(6): 1962‐1967. doi:10.1021/es902987d.

Kovochich, M., Espinasse, B., Auffan, M., Hotze, E.M., Wessel, L., Xia, T., Nel, A.E., Wiesner, M.R.

Comparative toxicity of C60 aggregates towards mammalian cells: role of the tetrahydrofuran (THF) decomposition. Environmental Science and Technology, 2009, 43: 6378‐6384. doi:10.1012/es900990d

Huan Meng, Tian Xia, Saji George, Andre E. Nel. A Predictive Paradigm for the Safety Assessment of

Nanomaterials. ACS Nano , 2009, 3 (7), pp 1620–1627. doi:10.1021/nn9005973 Mokgalaka‐Matlala, N.S., Flores‐Tavizόn, E., Castillo‐Michel, H. Peralta‐Videa, J.R., Gardea‐Torresdey,

J.L.2009. Arsenic tolerance in mesquite (Prosopis sp.): Low molecular weight thiols synthesis and glutathione activity in response to arsenic. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry. Volume 47, Issue 9, September 2009, Pages 822‐826, doi:10.1016/j.plaphy.2009.05.007

Muller, E.B. Nisbet, R.M. and Berkley, H. Sublethal toxicant effects with dynamic energy budget theory:

model formulation. Ecotoxicology, 2010, 19, 1:48‐60. DOI 10.1007/s10646‐009‐0385‐3 *Nel, A.E., Maedler, L., Velegol, D., Xia, T., Hoek, E.M., Somasundaran, P., Klaessig, F., Castranova, V.,

and Thompson, M. Understanding biophysicochemical interactions at the nano–bio interface. Nature Materials 8, 543‐557 (14 June 2009) doi:10.1038/nmat2442

Parsons, J.G., Lopez, M.L., Peralta‐Videa, J.R., Gardea‐Torresdey, J.L. 2009. Determination of arsenic(III)

and arsenic(V) binding to microwave assisted hydrothermal synthetically prepared Fe3O4, Mn3O4, and MnFe2O4 nanoadsorbents. Microchemical Journal 91, 100‐106 (January 2009) doi:10.1016/j.microc.2008.08.012

Parsons, J.G., Lopez, M.L., Castilo‐Michel, H., Peralta‐Videa, J.R., Gardea‐Torresdey, J.L. 2009. Arsenic

Speciation in Biological Samples Using XAS and Mixed Oxidation State Calibration Standards of Inorganic Arsenic. Applied Spectroscopy , 63, 10:961‐970. doi: 10.1366/000370209788964359

Parsons, J.G., Armendariz, V. Lopez, M.L., Jose‐Yacaman, M., Gardea‐Torresdey, J.L. 2009. Kinetics and thermodynamics of the bioreduction of potassium tetrachloroaurate using inactivated oat and wheat tissues. Journal of Nanoparticle Research, 2009, online Jun 17, 2009. doi: 10.1007/S11051‐009‐9674‐2.

Peralta‐Videa, J.R., Lopez, M.L., Narayan, M., Gardea‐Torresdey, J.L. (2009). The biochemistry of

environmental heavy metal uptake by plants: implications for the food chain. International Journal of Biochemistry & Cell Biology 41, 1665‐1677, (August‐September 2009) doi:10.1016/j.biocel.2009.03.005


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Pidgeon, Nick, Barbara Harthorn, Terre Satterfield 2009. “Nanotech: Good or Bad?”The Chemical Engineer Today (tce Today), (Dec 2009/Jan 2010): 37‐39.

*S. Pokhrel, T. Xia, M. Kovochich, M. Liong, M. Schwalter, A. Rosenauer, B. Gilbert, J. I. Zink, A. E. Nel, L.

Mädler, Comparison of the mechanism of toxicity of binary and mixed binary metal oxide nanoparticles based on dissolution and oxidative stress properties, Chemie Ingenieur Technik, 2009, 81(8) 1167. doi:10.1002/cite.200950629

S. Pokhrel, J. Birkenstock, M. Schowalter, A. Rosenauer, L. Mädler, Growth of ultrafine single crystalline

WO3 nanoparticles using Flame Spray Pyrolysis, Crystal Growth & Design, 2010, 10(2), p. 632‐639. DOI: 10.1021/cg9010423

Satterfield, T., Kandlikar, M., Beaudrie, C, Conti, J., Harthorn,B., Anticipating the Perceived Risk of

Nanotechnologies: Will They Be Like Other Controversial Technologies? Nature Nanotechnology , 2009, 4, 752‐758. doi:10.1038/nnano.2009.265

*Tian Xia, Michael Kovochich, Monty Liong, Huan Meng, Sanaz Kabehie, Saji George, Jeffrey I. Zink and

Andre E. Nel. “Polyethyleneimine Coating Enhances the Cellular Uptake of Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles and Allows Safe Delivery of siRNA and DNA Constructs”. ACS Nano, 2009, 3 (10), pp 3273‐3286. doi: 10.1021/nn900918w.

Peng Wang and Arturo Keller, “Natural and engineered nano and collodial transport: role of zeta

potential in prediction of particle distribution, Langmuir, 2009, 25(12), 6856‐6862. doi: 10.1021/l900134f

Zhao, Y., Parsons, J.G., Lopez‐Moreno, M.L., Peralta‐Videa, J.R., Gardea‐Torresdey, J.L. 2009. Use of

synchrotron‐ and plasma‐based spectroscopic techniques to determine the uptake and biotransformation of chromium(III) and chromium(VI) by Parkinsonia aculeata. Metallomics 1, 330‐338. doi:10.1039/b822927a

Patents There are no patentable activities to report to date. 16. Biographical Information Short biographical information for new Center faculty members follow:

Donatello Telesca, UCLA, Assistant Professor, Biostatistics

Edward McCauley, UC Santa Barbara, Professor, Ecology, Evolutionary and Marine Biology

BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH Provide the following information for the key personnel and other significant contributors in the order listed on Form Page 2. Follow this format for each person. DO NOT EXCEED FOUR PAGES.

NAME

Donatello, Telesca

POSITION TITLE

Assistant Professor eRA COMMONS USER NAME

DTELESCA2 EDUCATION/TRAINING (Begin with baccalaureate or other initial professional education, such as nursing, and include postdoctoral training.)

INSTITUTION AND LOCATION DEGREE (if applicable)

YEAR(s) FIELD OF STUDY

Bocconi University, Milano, Italy BS 2002 Economics and Statistics University of Washington, Seattle, Washington

MS 2004 Statistics

University of Washington, Seattle, Washington

PHD 2007 Statistics

A. Positions and Honors.

Positions and Employment

2002-2005 Teaching Assistant, Department of Statistics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington

2004-2005 Pre Doctoral Lecturer, Department of Statistics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington

2003-2004 Research Assistant, Department of Statistics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington

2004-2007 Pre Doctoral Research Fellow, Public Health Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington

2007-2009 Postdoctoral Fellow, Department of Biostatistics, Division of Quantitative Sciences, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas

2009-Present Assistant Professor. UCLA School of Public Health, Department of Biostatistics. Los Angeles, California.

Professional Memberships

2002-present Member, American Statistical Association 2003-present Member, Institute of Mathematical Statistics 2003-present Member, International Biometric Society 2003-present Member, International Society for Bayesian Analysis (ISBA) Editorial Service Referee for a number of Statistical Journals including (Bioinformatics, Computational Statistics and Data Analysis, Genetics, Technometrics.) 2007-present Associate Editor, ISBA Bulletin.

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Invited Talks 2006 Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle (WA). 2006 University of Washington, Department of Statistics, Seattle (WA). 2007 MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (TX). 2007 Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle (WA). 2007 Joint Statistical Meeting, Salt Lake City (UT). 2008 CRG/PIMS meeting Simihamoo Resort (WA). 2009 UC Santa Barbara, Department of Statistics and Applied Probability, (CA). 2009 North Carolina State University, Department of Statistics, Raleigh (NC). 2009 UCLA, Department of Biostatistics, (CA). 2009 Boston University, Department of Mathematics and Statistics, (MA). 2009 UT, IROM Department, Austin (TX). 2009 Temple University, Department of Statistics, Philadelphia (PA). 2009 McGill University, Department of Statistics, Montreal (Canada). 2009 UK, Department of Statistics, Lexington (KY). 2009 Joint Statistical Meeting, Washington (DC). Honors 1997 University Bocconi Scholarship for Undergraduate Studies (1997 - 2002). 2002 Gold Medal for Best Graduates, University Bocconi. 2007 Graduate Student Travel Award from UW Graduate School Fund for Excellence and Innovation for travel to the 2007 ENAR spring meeting, Atlanta (GA). 2007 American Statistical Association, SBSS Student Paper Award. Joint Statistical Meeting, Salt Lake City 2009 American Statistical Association, ISBA Savage Honorable Mention for a Dissertation that

makes outstanding contributions and has potential to impact statistical practice in a field of application. Joint Statistical Meeting, Washington DC.

B. Peer-reviewed Publications. Published Papers 1. Telesca D. Etzioni R. and Gulati R. (2008). Estimating Lead Time and Overdiagnosis

Associated with PSA Screening from Prostate Cancer Incidence Trends. Biometrics, 64, 10-19. 2. Sim HG, Telesca D, Culp SH, et al. (2008). Tertiary gleason pattern 5 in gleason 7 prostate

cancer predicts pathologic parameters and biochemical recurrence. Journal of Urology 177 (4): 157-158.

3. Sim HG, Telesca D, Culp SH, et al. (2008). Cancer to total prostate volume ratio influences pathological parameters and biochemical recurrence in localized prostate cancer treated by radical prostatectomy. Journal of Urology 177 (4): 340-340.

4. Telesca D. and Inoue L.Y.T. (2008). Bayesian Hierarchical Curve Registration. Journal of The American Statistical Association, Volume 103, Number 481, pp. 328-339(12).

5. Telesca D. , Inoue L.Y.T., Neira M., Etzioni R., Gleave M. and Nelson C., (2008). Differential Expression and Network Inferences through Functional Data Modeling. (To appear in Biometrics).

Papers Currently Under Peer Review 1. Telesca D., Erosheva E., Kreger D. and Matzueda R. (2008). Hierarchical Poisson Registration

of Longitudinal Crime Trajectories. JASA (Invited revision). 2. Telesca D., Muller P. and Parmiggiani G. (2008). Modeling Dependent Gene Expression.

(Submitted to JRSS–B).

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NSF Biosketch: Edward McCauley

a) Professional Preparation

University of Ottawa Biological Sciences B.Sc. (Hon.) 1976 University of Ottawa Aquatic Ecology M.Sc. 1978 McGill University Ecology Ph.D. 1983 University of California Santa Barbara Theoretical Ecology Post-Doc 1983-1985

b) Appointments

2010 Director, National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis, University of California, Santa Barbara

2010 Professor, Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Marine Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara

2009 International Research Chair, Institute for Advanced Studies, Orléans et Tours, France 2001-2009 Tier 1 Canada Research Chair in Population Ecology, University of Calgary 2003-2008 Co-Director, Alberta Ingenuity Centre for Water Research 2003-2004 Fellow, Centre of Advanced Studies, Norwegian Acad. Sciences and Letters, Oslo, Norway 2000 Visiting Professorship, Dept. of Ecology and Environmental Science, University of Umeå, Sweden 2000-2001 Visiting Professorship and Max Planck Fellowship, Max Planck Institute for Limnology, Plön,

Germany 1997-2009 Professor, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary 1997-2000 Chair, Biocore, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary 1993 Visiting Professorship and National Lecturer in Programme on Nonlinear Dynamics. Netherlands

Organization for Scientific Research, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands 1991-1997 Associate Professor, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary 1994-1996 Chair, Ecology Division, University of Calgary 1985-1991 Assistant Professor and Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (Canada)

University Research Fellow, Biological Sciences, University of Calgary

c) Selected Publications (from over 100 peer-reviewed papers and 4 book chapters) – most closely related and others

1. Fox, J. W., Nelson, W. A., and E. McCauley. 2010. Coexistence mechanisms and the paradox of the plankton: quantifying selection from noisy data. Ecology (in press) 2. Sterner, R.W., Andersen, T., Elser, J.J., Hessen, D.O., Hood, J., McCauley, E. & J. Urabe. 2008. Scale-dependent carbon:nitrogen:phosphorus seston stoichiometry in marine and freshwaters. Limnology and Oceanography 53:1169-1180 3. Lutscher, F., E. McCauley and M. A. Lewis. 2007. Spatial patterns and coexistence mechanisms in rivers. Theoretical Population Biology 71: 267-277. 4. Anderson, K.E., A.J. Paul, E. McCauley, L.J. Jackson, J.R. Post and R.M. Nisbet. 2006. Ecological dynamics and the management of instream flow needs in rivers and streams. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment 4: 309-318. 5. Flanagan, K. and E. McCauley. 2006. Freshwater foodwebs control carbon dioxide flux through sedimentation. Global Change Biology 12: 644-651. 1. Bailey, S. and E. McCauley. 2009. Extrinsically and intrinsically generated spatial patterns of algal abundance in experimental streams. Ecological Complexity 6: 328-336 2. McCauley, E., W. Nelson, and R. Nisbet. 2008. Small-amplitude cycles emerge from stage-structured interactions in Daphnia- algal systems. Nature 455: 1240-1243.

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3. Anderson K.E., R.M. Nisbet, and E. McCauley. 2008. Transient responses to spatial perturbations in advective systems. Bulletin of Mathematical Biology 70: 1480-1502. 4. Simpson, K., E. McCauley and W. Nelson. 2008. Spatial heterogeneity has differential impacts on upstream and downstream rates of spread in experimental streams. Oikos 117: 1491-1499. 5. Nelson, W.A., E. McCauley and F.J. Wrona. 2005. Stage-Structured cycles promote genetic diversity in a Daphnia-algal predator-prey system. Nature 433: 413-417.

d) Synergistic Activity:

E. McCauley began as Director of NCEAS in 2010 with a history of leadership in collaborative research initiatives, teaching in interdisciplinary areas, and professional service to academic communities. i. He was Co-PI in creating the Alberta Ingenuity Center for Water Research, now morphed into a major Water Research Institute, designed for interdisciplinary research (Science, Engineering, Law, Policy, and Economics). ii.He is PI in two major research projects directly relevant to the Environmental Synthesis Center (“Impacts of Permafrost Activity on Carbon Fluxes in Arctic Lakes” and “Flowing to the Future: Advancing Instream Flow Assessment Tools and Policy”). iii. As the PI and Project Leader, he was recently awarded $22 million to establish a new interdisciplinary research infrastructure that will investigate novel treatment techniques for emerging pollutants (e.g. biologically active compounds) and new assessment techniques for the impact of these pollutants on river systems. iv. Together with mathematicians from three Universities, he was Co-PI on awards to establish new curricula for Mathematical Biologists that focused on early-stage Ph.D. Biology students interested in acquiring modeling skills for their thesis research. v. He has chaired major grant panels in Canada, both in Ecology and interdisciplinary strategic areas (Medicine, Social Science, Science, and Engineering). McCauley has also served on EU Biodiversity Grant Panels and is currently advising the French Foundation for Biodiversity Research on the creation of a new Biodiversity Synthesis Center.

e) Collaborators and Other Affiliations: Collaborators Graduate Advisors and Postdoctoral Sponsors: F. Briand (Director, Mediterranean Science Commission), J. Kalff (McGill), R. Peters (McGill), W. Leggett (Queens), W. Murdoch (UCSB)

Thesis Advisor and Post-Graduate Scholar (current and last 5 years) Thesis Advisor (Supervisor for a total of 17 graduate students/completed): R. Richard (Calgary), M. Kobryn (Calgary), G. Schatz (Calgary), S. Bailey (Toronto), P. Crumribe (Durham), K. Simpson (Calgary), W. Nelson (Queens), S. Watson (Waterloo), T. Satchwill (Montreal)

Postgraduate (Supervisor for a total of 12 post-doctoral fellows): F. Lutscher (Ottawa), C. Davidson (Michigan State), K. Anderson (UC Riverside), K. Flanagan (Victoria), T. Romanuk (Dalhousie), J. LaMontagne (Asian University for Women), G. Benoy (UNB).

Collaborators: B. Ananthasubraaniam (UCSB), K. Anderson (UC Riverside), T. Anderson (Oslo), S. Bailey (Toronto), N. Banks (Calgary), B. Beisner (Montreal), M. Belosovic (Alberta), L. Börger (Guelph), J. Casas (Tours), I. Cousins (Princeton), J. Culp (UNB), S. Diehl (Umea), M. Dobelli (UBC), J. Elser (ASU), K. Flanagan (Victoria), J. Fox (Calgary), J. Fryxell (Guelph), W. Gurney (Strathclyde), H. Habibi (Calgary), D. Hessen (Oslo), F. Hilker (Bath), R. Holdo (Gainesville), R. Holt (Gainesville), L. Jackson (Calgary), A. Kirkwood (Toronto), J. LaMontagne (Asian University for Women), R. Law (York), M. Lewis (Alberta), F. Lutscher (Ottawa), J. Matthiopoulos (St. Andrews), B. Mayer (Calgary), E.J. Milner-Gulland (Imperial), W. Nelson (Queens), R. Nisbet (UCSB), A. Paul (Alberta), J. Post (Calgary), T. Prowse (Victoria), J. Rasmussen (Lethbridge), S. Rood (Lethbridge), A. Roques (Orleans), T. Shea (Calgary), K. Simpson (Calgary), A. Sinclair (UBC), D. Smith (Alberta), R. Sterner (Minnesota), J. Urabe (Japan), S. Watson (Waterloo), S. Wood (Bath), F. Wrona (Victoria).

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Table 6: Partnering Institutions - Draft ReportNSEC Center: CEIN: Predictive Toxicology Assessment and Safe Implementation of Nanotechnology in the Environment

Institution Type Name ofInstitution

ReceivesFinancial

Support FromCenter

ContributesFinancial

Support ToCenter

MinorityServing

InstitutionPartner

FemaleServing

InstitutionPartner

NationalLab/ Other

Govt.Partner

IndustryPartner

MuseumPartner

InternationalPartner

I. AcademicPartneringInstitution(s)

Cardiff University Y

ColumbiaUniversity Y

Nanyang

TechnologicalUniversity

Y

Universitat RoviraI Virgili Y

University CollegeDublin Y

University ofBremen Y Y

University ofBritish Columbia Y Y

University ofCalifornia, Davis Y

University ofCalifornia,Riverside

Y Y

University of

California, SantaBarbara

Y Y

University of NewMexico Y Y

University ofTexas, El Paso Y Y

Total Number ofAcademic Partners 12 8 1 3 0 0 0 0 6

II. Non-academicPartneringInstitution(s)

California ScienceCenter Y

Lawrence

Berkeley NationalLaboratory

Y

LawrenceLivermoreNational

Laboratory

Y

Sandia NationalLaboratory Y

Santa MonicaPublic Library Y

Total Number ofNon-academicPartners

5 0 0 0 0 3 0 2 0

1 of 1 4/8/2010 2:52 PM

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for nanotechnology (uc cein) nsf: ef 0830117 · 2013. 2. 7. · uc center for environmental...

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