for common entrance 13+ - galorepark.co.uk · ii about the author nicholas oulton taught latin and...

LatinFor Common Entrance

13+

N. R. R. Oulton

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For Common Entrance

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Free sample from Revision Guide

Chapter 44.1 The perfect tense

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29313 Latin Sample Chapter.indd 1 03/05/2018 16:13

ii

About the authorNicholas Oulton taught Latin and Greek for ten years before writing the So you really want to learn Latin course and founding Galore Park in 1998. He is also the editor of Latin Prep, Books 1–3, and believes Latin to be the most important subject in the school curriculum.

This book is dedicated to the memory of Herodotus, the manuscript-munching cocker spaniel who never had a chance to get his paws on this one.

AcknowledgementsThe publishers would like to thank the Independent Schools Examinations Board for permission to use extracts, both adapted and unadapted, from recent Common Entrance papers. Thanks are also due to Stephen Anderson, Senior Tutor at Winchester College, for his scrupulous work in reading the proofs and suggesting numerous improvements.Every effort has been made to trace all copyright holders, but if any have been inadvertently overlooked, the Publishers will be pleased to make the necessary arrangements at the first opportunity.

Although every effort has been made to ensure that website addresses are correct at time of going to press, Galore Park cannot be held responsible for the content of any website mentioned in this book. It is sometimes possible to find a relocated web page by typing in the address of the home page for a website in the URL window of your browser.

Hachette UK’s policy is to use papers that are natural, renewable and recyclable products and made from wood grown in sustainable forests. The logging and manufacturing processes are expected to conform to the environmental regulations of the country of origin.

Orders: please contact Bookpoint Ltd, 130 Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4SB. Telephone: (44) 01235 827720. Fax: (44) 01235 400454. Email [email protected] Lines are open from 9 a.m. to 5 p.m., Monday to Saturday, with a 24-hour message answering service. Visit our website at www.galorepark.co.uk for details of other revision guides for Common Entrance, examination papers and Galore Park publications.

ISBN: 978 1 4718 5344 9

© N.R.R. Oulton 2015

First published in 2015 by

Galore Park Publishing Ltd,

An Hachette UK Company

Carmelite House

50 Victoria Embankment

London EC4Y 0DZ

www.galorepark.co.uk

Impression number 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

Year 2019 2018 2017 2016 2015

All rights reserved. Apart from any use permitted under UK copyright law, no part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and recording, or held within any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher or under licence from the Copyright Licensing Agency Limited. Further details of such licences (for reprographic reproduction) may be obtained from the Copyright Licensing Agency Limited, Saffron House, 6–10 Kirby Street, London EC1N 8TS.

Illustration of a roman soldier on p92 by Tony Randell. All other illustrations by Aptara, Inc.

Typeset in India

Printed in Spain

A catalogue record for this title is available from the British Library.

853449_FM_Latin_RG_i-viii.indd 2 03/09/2015 18:11

Sample

The publishers would like to thank the Independent Schools Examinations

Sample

The publishers would like to thank the Independent Schools Examinations Board for permission to use extracts, both adapted and unadapted, from

Sample

Board for permission to use extracts, both adapted and unadapted, from recent Common Entrance papers. Thanks are also due to Stephen Anderson,

Sample

recent Common Entrance papers. Thanks are also due to Stephen Anderson, Senior Tutor at Winchester College, for his scrupulous work in reading the

Sample

Senior Tutor at Winchester College, for his scrupulous work in reading the

Every effort has been made to trace all copyright holders, but if any have been inadvertently overlooked, the

Sample

Every effort has been made to trace all copyright holders, but if any have been inadvertently overlooked, the Publishers will be pleased to make the necessary arrangements at the first opportunity.

SamplePublishers will be pleased to make the necessary arrangements at the first opportunity.

Although every effort has been made to ensure that website addresses are correct at time of going to press,

SampleAlthough every effort has been made to ensure that website addresses are correct at time of going to press,

Galore Park cannot be held responsible for the content of any website mentioned in this book. It is sometimes

SampleGalore Park cannot be held responsible for the content of any website mentioned in this book. It is sometimes

possible to find a relocated web page by typing in the address of the home page for a website in the URL

Samplepossible to find a relocated web page by typing in the address of the home page for a website in the URL

Hachette UK’s policy is to use papers that are natural, renewable and recyclable products and made from

SampleHachette UK’s policy is to use papers that are natural, renewable and recyclable products and made from

wood grown in sustainable forests. The logging and manufacturing processes are expected to conform to the

Samplewood grown in sustainable forests. The logging and manufacturing processes are expected to conform to the

Orders: please contact Bookpoint Ltd, 130 Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4SB. Telephone: (44) 01235

SampleOrders: please contact Bookpoint Ltd, 130 Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4SB. Telephone: (44) 01235

827720. Fax: (44) 01235 400454. Email [email protected] Lines are open from 9 a.m. to 5 p.m.,

Sample827720. Fax: (44) 01235 400454. Email [email protected] Lines are open from 9 a.m. to 5 p.m.,

Monday to Saturday, with a 24-hour message answering service. Visit our website at www.galorepark.co.uk

SampleMonday to Saturday, with a 24-hour message answering service. Visit our website at www.galorepark.co.uk

for details of other revision guides for Common Entrance, examination papers and Galore Park publications.

Samplefor details of other revision guides for Common Entrance, examination papers and Galore Park publications.


Sample



Sample


Carmelite House

Sample

Carmelite House


Sample


London EC4Y 0DZ

Sample

London EC4Y 0DZ


Sample


Impression numberSample

Impression number 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1Sample

10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

Year Sample

Year 2019 2018 2017 2016 2015Sample

2019 2018 2017 2016 2015

All rights reserved. Apart from any use permitted under UK copyright law, no part of this publication may be Sample

All rights reserved. Apart from any use permitted under UK copyright law, no part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and Sam

plereproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and recording, or held within any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the Sam

ple

recording, or held within any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher or under licence from the Copyright Licensing Agency Limited. Further details of such licences (for Sam

ple

publisher or under licence from the Copyright Licensing Agency Limited. Further details of such licences (for reprographic reproduction) may be obtained from the Copyright Licensing Agency Limited, Saffron House, Sam

ple

reprographic reproduction) may be obtained from the Copyright Licensing Agency Limited, Saffron House, Sample

6–10 Kirby Street, London EC1N 8TS.Sample

6–10 Kirby Street, London EC1N 8TS.

Illustration of a roman soldier on p92 by Tony Randell. All other illustrations by Aptara, Inc.Sample

Illustration of a roman soldier on p92 by Tony Randell. All other illustrations by Aptara, Inc.


iii

Contents Introduction vi

The syllabus and your exams viTips on revising vii

Level 1 1

Chapter 1 3 1.1 Verbs: present tense 3 1.2 Present infinitive 4 1.3 Nouns 5 1.4 Nouns: 1st declension 5 1.5 Nouns: 2nd declension 6 1.6 Subjects and objects 6 1.7 Nouns like puer and magister 8 1.8 Using all the cases 8

Chapter 2 11 2.1 Adjectives: bonus 11 2.2 Agreement of adjectives 11 2.3 Adjectives in –er 12 2.4 The verb sum = ‘to be’ 12 2.5 sum + complement 12 2.6 Prepositions 13 2.7 Imperatives 14

Chapter 3 17 3.1 Verbs: the imperfect tense 17 3.2 Imperfect of sum 18 3.3 Adverbs 18 3.4 Subordinate clauses 19 3.5 Pronouns 19

Chapter 4 22 4.1 The perfect tense 22 4.2 Principal parts 22 4.3 Questions 23 4.4 Golden rules of Latin translation 24 4.5 Numbers 25

Level 2 29

Chapter 5 31 5.1 The future tense 31 5.2 Future of sum 31 5.3 3rd declension nouns: rex 32 5.4 3rd declension nouns: nomen 33 5.5 More on the golden rules of Latin translation 34


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3

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33

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34

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45

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55

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56

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66

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6magister

Samplemagister 8

Sample88

Sample811

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bonus

Samplebonus 11

Sample11

2.2 Agreement of adjectives

Sample2.2 Agreement of adjectives

2.3 Adjectives in –

Sample2.3 Adjectives in –er

Sampleer

2.4 The verb

Sample2.4 The verb sum

Samplesum = ‘to be’

Sample = ‘to be’

sum

Samplesum + complement

Sample + complement

2.6 Prepositions

Sample2.6 Prepositions

2.7 Imperatives

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2.7 Imperatives

Chapter 3

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Chapter 33.1 Verbs: the imperfect tense

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3.1 Verbs: the imperfect tense3.2 Imperfect of

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3.2 Imperfect of sum

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sum3.3 Adverbs

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3.3 Adverbs3.4 Subordinate clauses

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3.4 Subordinate clauses3.5 Pronouns

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3.5 Pronouns

Chapter 4

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Chapter 44.1 The perfect tenseSam

ple4.1 The perfect tense4.2 Principal partsSam

ple4.2 Principal parts4.3 QuestionsSam

ple4.3 Questions4.4 Golden rules of Latin translationSam

ple4.4 Golden rules of Latin translation4.5 NumbersSam

ple

4.5 Numbers

Level 2Sample

Level 2

Chapter 5Sample

Chapter 5


Leve

l 3

iv

Chapter 6 36 6.1 The pluperfect tense 36 6.2 3rd declension adjectives 37 6.3 Other 3rd declension adjectives 38 6.4 Comparison of adjectives 39 6.5 Adjectives in -er and -lis: superlative forms 40 6.6 Irregular comparisons 40

Chapter 7 43 7.1 Pronouns 43 7.2 The reflexive pronoun 44 7.3 More prepositions 45 7.4 Demonstrative pronouns: hic, haec, hoc 45 7.5 Demonstrative pronouns: is, ea, id 45 7.6 Demonstrative pronouns: ille, illa, illud 46 7.7 Prohibitions 47

Chapter 8 49 8.1 More irregular verbs: possum and eo 49 8.2 More questions: nonne and num 50 8.3 Numbers 1–20 51

Level 3 55

Chapter 9 57 9.1 The passive: present tense 57 9.2 The passive: future tense 58 9.3 The passive: imperfect tense 59 9.4 The perfect passive 60 9.5 The pluperfect passive 60

Chapter 10 6310.1 5th declension nouns: res 6310.2 Relative pronoun: qui, quae, quod 6310.3 Relative clauses 6410.4 More pronouns: ipse 6510.5 More pronouns: idem 66

Chapter 11 6811.1 Present participles 6811.2 Past participle passive (PPP) 6911.3 Irregular verbs: volo and nolo 7011.4 Irregular verbs: fero 7111.5 Expressions of time 7111.6 Expressions of place 72

Chapter 12 7412.1 The imperfect subjunctive 7412.2 Purpose clauses 7412.3 Indirect command 7512.4 Numbers 20–100 and 1000 7612.5 A note on dum = while 76

Con

tent

s


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44

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4445

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45hoc

Samplehoc 45

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45id

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id 45

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45illa

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illa,

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, illud

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illud 46

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4647

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47

49

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498.1 More irregular verbs:

Sample8.1 More irregular verbs: possum

Samplepossum and

Sample and eo

Sampleeo 49

Sample49

nonne

Samplenonne and

Sample and num

Samplenum 50

Sample50

51

Sample51

9.1 The passive: present tense

Sample9.1 The passive: present tense

9.2 The passive: future tense

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9.2 The passive: future tense9.3 The passive: imperfect tense

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9.3 The passive: imperfect tense9.4 The perfect passive

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9.4 The perfect passive9.5 The pluperfect passive

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9.5 The pluperfect passive

Chapter 10

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Chapter 1010.1 5th declension nouns:

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10.1 5th declension nouns: res

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res10.2 Relative pronoun:

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10.2 Relative pronoun: qui

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qui,

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, quae

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quae10.3 Relative clauses

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10.3 Relative clauses10.4 More pronouns:

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10.4 More pronouns: ipse

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ipse10.5 More pronouns: Sam

ple10.5 More pronouns: idemSam

pleidem

Chapter 11Sample

Chapter 1111.1 Present participlesSam

ple11.1 Present participles11.2 Past participle passive (PPP)Sam

ple11.2 Past participle passive (PPP)11.3 Irregular verbs: Sam

ple

11.3 Irregular verbs: 11.4 Irregular verbs: Sam

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11.4 Irregular verbs: 11.5 Expressions of timeSam

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11.5 Expressions of time11.6 Expressions of placeSam

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11.6 Expressions of placeSample

Chapter 12Sam

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Chapter 12


v

Contents

Non-linguistic studies 79

Chapter 13 Greek mythology 8113.1 Perseus and Medusa 8113.2 Jason and the Golden Fleece 8113.3 Theseus and the Minotaur 8213.4 The labours of Hercules 8213.5 The Trojan War 8413.6 The wanderings of Odysseus 84

Chapter 14 The city of Rome 8714.1 Romulus and Remus 8714.2 Horatius 8714.3 Mucius Scaevola 8714.4 Cloelia 8814.5 Coriolanus 8814.6 Manlius Torquatus 8814.7 The theatre 8914.8 The amphitheatre 8914.9 The circus 8914.10 Baths 90

Chapter 15 Domestic life 9215.1 Roman housing 9215.2 Roman food and meals 9315.3 Roman clothing 9315.4 Roman slavery 9415.5 Life and death 94

Chapter 16 The army and Roman Britain 9616.1 Army organisation 9616.2 Army equipment 9616.3 Army camps 9616.4 Army tombstones 9616.5 Julius Caesar in Britain 9716.6 Claudius, Caratacus and Boudicca 9816.7 Roman towns and villas 9916.8 Hadrian’s Wall 99

Exam-style question answers 101

Test yourself answers 117


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87

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8787

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8788

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90

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15.1 Roman housing

Sample15.1 Roman housing

15.2 Roman food and meals

Sample15.2 Roman food and meals

15.3 Roman clothing

Sample15.3 Roman clothing

15.4 Roman slavery

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15.4 Roman slavery15.5 Life and death

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15.5 Life and death

Chapter 16

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Chapter 16 The army and Roman Britain

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The army and Roman Britain16.1 Army organisation

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16.1 Army organisation16.2 Army equipment

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16.2 Army equipment16.3 Army camps

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16.3 Army camps16.4 Army tombstones

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16.4 Army tombstones16.5 Julius Caesar in Britain

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16.5 Julius Caesar in Britain16.6 Claudius, Caratacus and Boudicca

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16.6 Claudius, Caratacus and Boudicca16.7 Roman towns and villasSam

ple16.7 Roman towns and villas16.8 Hadrian’s WallSam

ple16.8 Hadrian’s Wall

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Exam-style question answersSample

Exam-style question answers

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Test yourself answersSample

Test yourself answers


22

4.1 The perfect tenseThe fi nal tense you need to learn for Level 1 is the perfect tense, which tells us what happened or has happened in the past. It refers to a completed action, unlike the imperfect tense which refers to a continuous or ongoing action.

1st 2nd 3rd 4th Mixedamare = to love

monere = to warn

regere = to rule

audire = to hear

capere = to capture

amav-i monu-i rex-i audiv-i cep-iamav-isti monu-isti rex-isti audiv-isti cep-istiamav-it monu-it rex-it audiv-it cep-itamav-imus monu-imus rex-imus audiv-imus cep-imusamav-istis monu-istis rex-istis audiv-istis cep-istisamav-erunt monu-erunt rex-erunt audiv-erunt cep-erunt

The perfect tense endings are the same for all conjugations, and are added to the perfect stem. To fi nd the perfect stem of a verb, you need to know its principal parts.

4.2 Principal partsAll verbs have principal parts, and when revising you should make sure you know them all. For Level 1, you do not need to know the 4th principal part, but it is much easier to learn them all together, rather than coming back later to add the 4th.

amo amare amavi amatum I lovemoneo monere monui monitum I warn/adviserego regere rexi rectum I ruleaudio audire audivi auditum I hearcapio capere cepi captum I capturesum esse fui – I am

The 1st principal part is the 1st person singular of the present tense: e.g. I love.

The 2nd principal part is the present infi nitive: e.g. to love.The 3rd principal part is the 1st person singular of the perfect tense:

e.g. I have loved.The 4th principal part is the supine: e.g. in order to love (N.B. sum has

no supine).And then at the end we have the meaning, in case you forget what the verb

itself means.The reason we are reviewing these now is that, to form the perfect tense

of a verb, you have to understand the verb’s principal parts. The 3rd one is

4

853449_04_Latin_RG_022-028.indd 1 04/09/2015 08:41

Sample

Sample

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The fi nal tense you need to learn for Level 1 is the perfect tense, which tells

Sample

The fi nal tense you need to learn for Level 1 is the perfect tense, which tells in the past. It refers to a completed

Sample

in the past. It refers to a completed action, unlike the imperfect tense which refers to a continuous or ongoing

Sample

action, unlike the imperfect tense which refers to a continuous or ongoing

Sample

Sample

Sample

Sample

Sample

Sample

Sample

Sample

Sample

Sample

Sample

Sample

Sample

Sample

Sample

Sample

Sample

Sample4th Mixed

Sample4th Mixed

regere =

Sample

regere = to

Sample

to rule

Sample

ruleaudire

Sample

audire = to

Sample

= to hear

Sample

hearcapere

Sample

capere = to

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= to capture

Sample

capture

amav-i monu-i rex-i audiv-i cep-i

Sampleamav-i monu-i rex-i audiv-i cep-i

amav-isti monu-isti rex-isti audiv-isti cep-isti

Sampleamav-isti monu-isti rex-isti audiv-isti cep-isti

amav-it monu-it rex-it audiv-it cep-it

Sampleamav-it monu-it rex-it audiv-it cep-it

amav-imus monu-imus rex-imus audiv-imus cep-imus

Sampleamav-imus monu-imus rex-imus audiv-imus cep-imus

amav-istis monu-istis rex-istis audiv-istis cep-istis

Sampleamav-istis monu-istis rex-istis audiv-istis cep-istis

amav-erunt monu-erunt rex-erunt audiv-erunt cep-erunt

Sampleamav-erunt monu-erunt rex-erunt audiv-erunt cep-erunt

The perfect tense endings are the same for all conjugations, and are added

SampleThe perfect tense endings are the same for all conjugations, and are added

to the perfect stem. To fi nd the perfect stem of a verb, you need to know its

Sampleto the perfect stem. To fi nd the perfect stem of a verb, you need to know its

principal parts.

Sample

principal parts.

4.2

Sample

4.2 Principal parts

Sample

Principal parts Principal parts

Sample

Principal partsAll verbs have principal parts, and when revising you should make sure you

Sample

All verbs have principal parts, and when revising you should make sure you know them all. For Level 1, you do not need to know the 4th principal part,

Sample

know them all. For Level 1, you do not need to know the 4th principal part, but it is much easier to learn them all together, rather than coming back later

Sample

but it is much easier to learn them all together, rather than coming back later to add the 4th.

Sample

to add the 4th.

Sample

Sample

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Sample

Sample

amo amare amavi amatum

Sample

amo amare amavi amatummoneo monere monui monitum

Sample

moneo monere monui monitumrego regere rexiSam

plerego regere rexiaudio audire audivi auditumSam

pleaudio audire audivi auditumcapio capere cepi captumSam

plecapio capere cepi captumsum esse fuiSam

plesum esse fui

The 1st principal part is the 1st person singular of the present tense: Sample

The 1st principal part is the 1st person singular of the present tense: e.g. I love.Sam

ple

e.g. I love.The 2nd principal part is the present infi nitive: e.g. to love.Sam

ple

The 2nd principal part is the present infi nitive: e.g. to love.


23

4.3

Questions

sometimes a bit odd looking, but once you know it, forming the perfect tense is simple: you just chop off the -i and add the endings, -i, -isti, -it, -imus, -istis, -erunt.

The perfect tense endings are the same for every verb, even the irregular ones like sum. But remember, you need to know the verb’s perfect stem, and you can only get that right by learning the principal parts.

Exam-style questions4.1 Write out the perfect tense of the following verbs:

(a) canto, cantare, cantavi, cantatum = I sing (1)

(b) intro, intrare, intravi, intratum = I go in (1)

(c) sto, stare, steti, statum = I stand (1)

(d) iubeo, iubere, iussi, iussum = I order (1)

(e) scribo, scribere, scripsi, scriptum = I write (1)

4.2 Translate the following into English:

(a) Romani, quod irati erant, incolas puniverunt. (5)

(b) dominus cibum prope murum posuit. (5)

(c) dei et deae agricolas terruerunt. (5)

(d) nautae auxilium puero parvo dederunt. (5)

(e) amicus reginae scuta et sagittas copiis paravit. (5)

4.3 Answer the following:

(a) In sentence 4.2 (a) above, in which tense is erant? Give the present infinitive of this verb. (2)

(b) In sentence 4.2 (b) above, which part of which verb is posuit? Give its present infinitive. (3)

(c) In sentence 4.2 (c) above, terruerunt means (they) terrified. What change would be needed to terruerunt if you were to write they terrify? (1)

(d) In sentence 4.2 (d) above, find a verb in the perfect tense. What is the Latin subject of this verb? Give the verb’s present infinitive. (3)

(e) In sentence 4.2 (e) above, paravit means (he) prepared. What change would be needed to paravit if you wished to write they prepare? (1)

Total marks: 40

4.3 QuestionsHere are two ways of asking a question in Latin.

1 A simple (or open) question is formed by adding -ne to the end of the first word in the sentence.

Examplesambulasne? = Are you walking?

puerine puellas amant? = Do the boys love the girls?

853449_04_Latin_RG_022-028.indd 23 03/09/2015 18:07

Sample

Sample

Sample

Write out the perfect tense of the following verbs:

Sample

Write out the perfect tense of the following verbs:

= I sing

Sample

= I sing (1)

Sample

(1)

= I go in

Sample

= I go in (1)

Sample

(1)

= I stand

Sample

= I stand (1)

Sample

(1)

iubeo, iubere, iussi, iussum

Sample

iubeo, iubere, iussi, iussum = I order

Sample

= I order (1)

Sample

(1)

scribo, scribere, scripsi, scriptum

Sample

scribo, scribere, scripsi, scriptum = I write

Sample

= I write (1)

Sample

(1)

Translate the following into English:

SampleTranslate the following into English:

Romani, quod irati erant, incolas puniverunt.

SampleRomani, quod irati erant, incolas puniverunt. (5)

Sample(5)

dominus cibum prope murum posuit.

Sampledominus cibum prope murum posuit. (5)

Sample(5)

dei et deae agricolas terruerunt.

Sampledei et deae agricolas terruerunt.

nautae auxilium puero parvo dederunt.

Samplenautae auxilium puero parvo dederunt.

(e)

Sample(e) amicus reginae scuta et sagittas copiis paravit.

Sampleamicus reginae scuta et sagittas copiis paravit.

4.3

Sample4.3 Answer the following:

SampleAnswer the following:

(a)

Sample

(a) In sentence 4.2 (a) above, in which tense is

Sample

In sentence 4.2 (a) above, in which tense is erant

Sample

erant? Give the present

Sample

? Give the present infinitive of this verb.

Sample

infinitive of this verb.

(b)

Sample

(b) In sentence 4.2 (b) above, which part of which verb is

Sample

In sentence 4.2 (b) above, which part of which verb is present infinitive.

Sample

present infinitive.

(c)

Sample

(c) In sentence 4.2 (c) above,

Sample

In sentence 4.2 (c) above, terruerunt

Sample

terrueruntchange would be needed to

Sample

change would be needed to terruerunt

Sample

terrueruntterrify

Sample

terrify?

Sample

?

(d)

Sample

(d) In sentence 4.2 (d) above, find a verb in the perfect tense. What is the

Sample

In sentence 4.2 (d) above, find a verb in the perfect tense. What is the Latin subject of this verb? Give the verb’s present infinitive.

Sample

Latin subject of this verb? Give the verb’s present infinitive.

(e)

Sample

(e) In sentence 4.2 (e) above,

Sample

In sentence 4.2 (e) above, would be needed to Sam

plewould be needed to Sam

ple

Sample

Sample

Sample

Sample

Sample

4.3Sample

4.3 QuestionsSample

QuestionsQuestionsSample

QuestionsHere are two ways of asking a question in Latin.Sam

ple

Here are two ways of asking a question in Latin.

1Sample

1 A simple (or open) question is formed by adding -Sample

A simple (or open) question is formed by adding -


Leve

l 1

24

Examplesquis servum necavit? = Who killed the slave?

cur in templum currebant? = Why were they running into the temple?

2 A specific question is formed using a questioning word, such as: cur? = why?, quid? = what?, quis? = who? or ubi? = where?

The word ubi can mean ‘when’ (in a subordinate clause) or ‘where?’ (in a question). If it is used with a question mark, it must mean ‘where?’

1 Look at the main verb first. It should be at the end.

2 If the verb is 1st or 2nd person, singular or plural, the subject of the verb MUST be the pronoun I, you (singular), we or you (plural).

3 If the verb is 3rd person, singular or plural, the subject of the verb will EITHER be the pronoun he/she/it or they, OR a noun in the nominative case.

4 If (and only if) the verb is 3rd person, look for a noun in the nominative case. If you find one, it must be the subject. If you don’t, the subject must be he/she/it or they.

5 Translate the subject and the verb. This is the most important part of the whole sentence, and if you get this right, you should be on track to get the rest right as well.

6 Look for an object, in the accusative case. If you find one, translate it after the verb.

7 Look at the other words in the sentence, and work out which case they are in. Translate them carefully, following the case that they are in. Don’t just guess, or try to cram them into the sentence in any way that might sound sensible.

There are other rules to follow, of course. For example:

8 Adjectives agree with the nouns they describe. So only put an adjective together with a noun if it is agreeing with it in gender, case and number.

9 Prepositions are followed by a noun in either the accusative or ablative case. Be sure to translate the preposition with the correct noun, which is almost always the very next word in the sentence, so this is not too tricky.

10 Some sentences have a subordinate clause tucked inside them, introduced, for example, by ubi or quod. If so, be sure to deal with these bits of the sentence carefully. Remember, the main verb will be the one at the end of the sentence, not the one tucked into the subordinate clause.

If you can keep all these rules clear in your head, particularly rules 1–5, you will not go too far wrong.

4.4 Golden rules of Latin translationNow would be a good time to revise the golden rules for successful translation of a simple Latin sentence. If you follow these rules, you will be safe – so follow them!

853449_04_Latin_RG_022-028.indd 24 03/09/2015 18:07

Sample

Sample

Sample

can mean ‘when’ (in a subordinate clause) or ‘where?’ (in a question). If

Sample

can mean ‘when’ (in a subordinate clause) or ‘where?’ (in a question). If

Sample

SampleLook at the main verb first. It should be at the end.

SampleLook at the main verb first. It should be at the end.

If the verb is 1st or 2nd person, singular or plural, the subject of the verb MUST be

SampleIf the verb is 1st or 2nd person, singular or plural, the subject of the verb MUST be

the pronoun I, you (singular), we or you (plural).

Samplethe pronoun I, you (singular), we or you (plural).

If the verb is 3rd person, singular or plural, the subject of the verb will EITHER be

SampleIf the verb is 3rd person, singular or plural, the subject of the verb will EITHER be

the pronoun he/she/it or they, OR a noun in the nominative case.

Samplethe pronoun he/she/it or they, OR a noun in the nominative case.

If (and only if) the verb is 3rd person, look for a noun in the nominative case. If

SampleIf (and only if) the verb is 3rd person, look for a noun in the nominative case. If

you find one, it must be the subject. If you don’t, the subject must be he/she/it or

Sampleyou find one, it must be the subject. If you don’t, the subject must be he/she/it or

they.

Sample

they.

5

Sample

5 Translate the subject and the verb. This is the most important part of the whole

Sample

Translate the subject and the verb. This is the most important part of the whole sentence, and if you get this right, you should be on track to get the rest right as

Sample

sentence, and if you get this right, you should be on track to get the rest right as well.

Sample

well.

6

Sample

6 Look for an object, in the accusative case. If you find one, translate it after the

Sample

Look for an object, in the accusative case. If you find one, translate it after the verb.

Sample

verb.

7

Sample

7 Look at the other words in the sentence, and work out which case they are in.

Sample

Look at the other words in the sentence, and work out which case they are in. Translate them carefully, following the case that they are in. Don’t just guess, or

Sample

Translate them carefully, following the case that they are in. Don’t just guess, or try to cram them into the sentence in any way that might sound sensible.

Sample

try to cram them into the sentence in any way that might sound sensible.


Sample


8Sample

8 Adjectives agree with the nouns they describe. So only put an adjective together Sample

Adjectives agree with the nouns they describe. So only put an adjective together with a noun if it is agreeing with it in gender, case and number.Sam

plewith a noun if it is agreeing with it in gender, case and number.

9Sample

9 Prepositions are followed by a noun in either the accusative or ablative case. Be Sample

Prepositions are followed by a noun in either the accusative or ablative case. Be sure to translate the preposition with the correct noun, which is almost always Sam

ple

sure to translate the preposition with the correct noun, which is almost always the very next word in the sentence, so this is not too tricky.Sam

ple

the very next word in the sentence, so this is not too tricky.

10Sample

10 Some sentences have a subordinate clause tucked inside them, introduced, for Sample

Some sentences have a subordinate clause tucked inside them, introduced, for Sample

Sample

Sample

Golden rules of Latin translation

Sample

Golden rules of Latin translationNow would be a good time to revise the golden rules for successful translation

Sample

Now would be a good time to revise the golden rules for successful translation of a simple Latin sentence. If you follow these rules, you will be safe – so

Sample

of a simple Latin sentence. If you follow these rules, you will be safe – so


25

4.5

Num

bers

Exam-style questions4.4 Translate into English, following the golden rules of Latin translation above.

(a) olim deus puellam pulchram punivit. (5)

(b) puerum fessum numquam monetis. (4)

(c) cum viris, quod irati erant, diu pugnabamus. (7)

(d) cum amicis ridebat ubi in templum festinaverunt. (7)

(e) cur poeta librum prope murum magnum posuit? (7)

Total marks: 30

Exam-style questions4.5 Study the following passage and answer the questions in English.

1 olim erat puella pulchra, nomine Hero. multos amicos habebat et diu laeta erat. puerum clarum, nomine Leandrum, amabat. sed Leander trans undas habitabat. itaque

5 Leander puellam saepe videre non poterat. Leander igitur miser erat. tandem, quod periculum non timebat, trans undas natare constituit.

Common Entrance Practice Paper June 2011, adapted

Examplesagricola cibum quintae filiae dedit. = The farmer gave food to his fifth daughter.

poeta secundum librum legebat. = The poet was reading his second book.

nomine = called

poterat = (he) was able

natare = to swim

4.5 NumbersYou need to know how to count from 1 to 10 in Latin, and to use the ordinals from 1st to 10th.

Cardinals Ordinals

I unus = one primus = first

II duo = two secundus = second

III tres = three tertius = third

IV quattuor = four quartus = fourth

V quinque = five quintus = fifth

VI sex = six sextus = sixth

VII septem = seven septimus = seventh

VIII octo = eight octavus = eighth

IX novem = nine nonus = ninth

X decem = ten decimus = tenth

Note that the ordinal numbers are adjectives and decline like bonus.

853449_04_Latin_RG_022-028.indd 25 03/09/2015 18:07

Sample

Sample

Sample

cur poeta librum prope murum magnum posuit?

Sample

cur poeta librum prope murum magnum posuit?

Total marks: 30

Sample

Total marks: 30

Sample

Sample

Exam-style questionsSample

Exam-style questions4.5Sam

ple4.5 Study the following passage and answer the questions in English.Sam

pleStudy the following passage and answer the questions in English.

1Sample

1 olim erat puella pulchra, nomine Hero. Sample

olim erat puella pulchra, nomine Hero. multos amicos habebat et diu laeta erat. Sam

ple

multos amicos habebat et diu laeta erat. puerum clarum, nomine Leandrum, amabat. Sam

ple

puerum clarum, nomine Leandrum, amabat. sed Leander trans undas habitabat. itaque Sam

ple

sed Leander trans undas habitabat. itaque 5Sam

ple

5 Leander puellam saepe videre non poteratSample

Leander puellam saepe videre non poteratSample

Sample

Sample

Sample

Sample

Sample

Sample

Sample

Examples

Sample

Examplesagricola cibum quintae filiae dedit.

Sample

agricola cibum quintae filiae dedit.

poeta secundum librum legebat.

Sample

poeta secundum librum legebat.

Sample

Sample

You need to know how to count from 1 to 10 in Latin, and to use the ordinals

Sample

You need to know how to count from 1 to 10 in Latin, and to use the ordinals

Sample

Sample

Sample

Sample

Sample

Sample

Sample

Sample

Sample

Sample

Sample

Sample

Sample

Sample

Sample

Sample

Sample

Sample

Sample

Sample

Sample

Sample

Sample

Sample

Sample

Ordinals

Sample

Ordinals

primus

Sampleprimus = first

Sample= first

secundus

Samplesecundus = second

Sample = second

tertius

Sampletertius = third

Sample = third

= four

Sample = four quartus

Samplequartus = fourth

Sample = fourth

quinque

Samplequinque = five

Sample = five quintus

Samplequintus = fifth

Sample = fifth

= six

Sample= six sextus

Samplesextus = sixth

Sample= sixth

septem

Sampleseptem = seven

Sample = seven septimus

Sampleseptimus = seventh

Sample = seventh

VIII

SampleVIII octo

Sample

octo = eight

Sample

= eight octavus

Sample

octavus = eighth

Sample

= eighth

IX

Sample

IX novem

Sample

novem = nine

Sample

= nine nonus

Sample

nonus = ninth

Sample

= ninth

X

Sample

X decem

Sample

decem = ten

Sample

= ten decimus

Sample

decimus = tenth

Sample

= tenth

Note that the ordinal numbers are adjectives and decline like

Sample

Note that the ordinal numbers are adjectives and decline like


Leve

l 1

26

(a) olim erat puella pulchra, nomine Hero. (line 1)

How is Hero described? (2)

(b) multos amicos habebat et diu laeta erat. (line 2)

Why was she happy? (2)

(c) multos amicos habebat et diu laeta erat. (line 2)

Give and translate the Latin word which tells us how long she was happy for. (2)

(d) puerum clarum, nomine Leandrum, amabat. (line 3)

Whom did she love, and how is he described? (2)

(e) sed Leander trans undas habitabat. (line 4)

Why was it not possible for Hero to see her boyfriend often? (2)

(f) Leander igitur miser erat. (line 6)

How did this make Leander feel? (1)

(g) … periculum non timebat … (line 7)

What do we learn about Leander? (2)

(h) … trans undas natare constituit. (lines 7–8)

How did he decide to solve the problem? (2)

4.6 Translate the following passage into good English.

1 quod venti iam boni erant, Leander nocte discedere statim constituit. in aquam desiluit et diu trans undas ad terram puellae natabat. mox tamern in magnum periculum venit.

5 quod venti iam validi erant, undae altae saepe Leandrum superaverunt.

tandem Leander perterritus clamavit: ‘audi me, Hero! da mihi auxilium!’ Hero tamen in ora manebat et ‘ubi es, Leander?’ frustra clamabat.


4.7 Study the following passage and answer the questions below.

1 tandem Hero puerum in periculo inter undas vidit. perterrita erat et auxilium ei dare constituit. undas intravit et ad puerum

natavit. sed undae puellam quoque5 superaverunt. sic undae puerum et puellam

necaverunt.


(a) From the passage give, in Latin, one example of each of the following:

(i) a verb in the perfect tense (1)

(ii) an adverb (1)

(b) undas (line 2): in which case is this noun? Why is this case used? (2)

(c) Give the genitive singular form of undas (line 2). (1)

(d) constituit (line 3): what does this word mean? Explain the connection between constituit and the English word constitution. (3)

(e) intravit (line 3): in which tense is this verb? What is the first person singular, present tense of this verb? (2)

nocte = at night

desiluit = he jumped downnato (1) = I swim

mihi = to meora, -ae, f. = shorefrustra = in vain

inter (+ acc.) = amongei = to him

nato (1) = I swim

853449_04_Latin_RG_022-028.indd 26 03/09/2015 18:07

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puerum clarum, nomine Leandrum, amabat.

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puerum clarum, nomine Leandrum, amabat. (line 3)

Sample

(line 3)

Whom did she love, and how is he described?

Sample

Whom did she love, and how is he described?

Sample

(line 4)

Sample (line 4)

Why was it not possible for Hero to see her boyfriend often?

Sample

Why was it not possible for Hero to see her boyfriend often?

Sample

(2)

Sample

(2)

(line 6)

Sample

(line 6)

How did this make Leander feel?

Sample

How did this make Leander feel?

Sample

(1)

Sample

(1)

… periculum non timebat …

Sample

… periculum non timebat … (line 7)

Sample

(line 7)

What do we learn about Leander?

SampleWhat do we learn about Leander?

Sample (2)

Sample(2)

… trans undas natare constituit.

Sample… trans undas natare constituit. (lines 7–8)

Sample (lines 7–8)

How did he decide to solve the problem?

SampleHow did he decide to solve the problem?

Sample

Translate the following passage into good English.

SampleTranslate the following passage into good English.

quod venti iam boni erant, Leander nocte

Samplequod venti iam boni erant, Leander nocte quod venti iam boni erant, Leander nocte

Samplequod venti iam boni erant, Leander nocte

discedere statim constituit. in aquam

Samplediscedere statim constituit. in aquam

desiluit et diu trans undas ad terram puellae

Sampledesiluit et diu trans undas ad terram puellae desiluit et diu trans undas ad terram puellae

Sampledesiluit et diu trans undas ad terram puellae

natabat. mox tamern in magnum periculum venit.

Samplenatabat. mox tamern in magnum periculum venit. natabat. mox tamern in magnum periculum venit.

Samplenatabat. mox tamern in magnum periculum venit.

5

Sample

5 quod venti iam validi erant, undae altae saepe

Sample

quod venti iam validi erant, undae altae saepe Leandrum superaverunt.

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Leandrum superaverunt.tandem Leander perterritus clamavit: ‘audi me,

Sample

tandem Leander perterritus clamavit: ‘audi me, Hero! da mihi auxilium!’ Hero tamen in

Sample

Hero! da mihi auxilium!’ Hero tamen in ora

Sample

oramanebat et ‘ubi es, Leander?’ frustra clamabat.

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manebat et ‘ubi es, Leander?’ frustra clamabat.manebat et ‘ubi es, Leander?’ frustra clamabat.

Sample

manebat et ‘ubi es, Leander?’ frustra clamabat.


Sample


4.7

Sample

4.7 Study the following passage and answer the questions below.

Sample

Study the following passage and answer the questions below.

1

Sample

1 tandem Hero puerum in periculo inter

Sample

tandem Hero puerum in periculo inter undas vidit. perterrita erat et auxilium ei

Sample

undas vidit. perterrita erat et auxilium ei dare constituit. undas intravit et ad puerum

Sample

dare constituit. undas intravit et ad puerum natavit. sed undae puellam quoqueSam

plenatavit. sed undae puellam quoquenatavit. sed undae puellam quoqueSam

plenatavit. sed undae puellam quoque

5Sample

5 superaverunt. sic undae puerum et puellam Sample

superaverunt. sic undae puerum et puellam necaverunt.Sam

plenecaverunt.

Common Entrance Practice Paper June 2011, adaptedSample


(a)Sample

(a) From the passage give, in Latin, one example of each of the following:Sample

From the passage give, in Latin, one example of each of the following:Sample

Samplenocte

Samplenocte = at night

Sample = at night

desiluit

Sampledesiluit

nato

Samplenato


27

(f) superaverunt (line 5): this word means they overcame. How would you say in Latin they overcome (present tense)? (1)

(g) necaverunt (line 6): give the Latin subject and object of this verb. (2)

(h) Using the vocabulary given below, translate into Latin:

(i) We praise the poets. (3)

(ii) The masters warn the messengers. (4)

Total marks: 65

I praise = laudo (1) I warn = moneo (2)

poet = poeta, -ae, m. messenger = nuntius, -i, m.

master = dominus

Now that you have covered all the grammar and rules that you need for Level 1, make sure you know all the vocabulary for Level 1. Then check that you can answer the following. The answers are given at the back of the book.

1 To which conjugation do the following belong: currebant, vocabamus, curritis, scripserunt, fecit? Translate them.

2 To which declension do the following belong: hastarum, muros, viam, cibus, pericula? Translate them.

3 Give the principal parts of the following verbs: clamo, video, mitto, venio, iacio.

4 Write out the cardinals from one to ten in Latin.

5 Give the Latin for second, fifth, tenth.

Test yourself

★ Make sure you know★ The perfect tense of all verbs.

★ How to form questions.

★ The cardinals 1–10.

★ The ordinals 1st–10th.

Once you have thoroughly revised and mastered the background material (see Chapters 13–16), you will be ready for Latin Level 1. Good luck!

4.5

Num

bers

853449_04_Latin_RG_022-028.indd 27 03/09/2015 18:07

Sample

Sample

Sample

Total marks: 65

Sample

Total marks: 65

nuntius

Samplenuntius, -i, m.

Sample

, -i, m.

Sample

Sample

Sample

SampleThe ordinals 1st–10th.

SampleThe ordinals 1st–10th.

Once you have thoroughly revised and mastered the background material

SampleOnce you have thoroughly revised and mastered the background material

Sample

Now that you have covered all the grammar and rules that you need for

Sample

Now that you have covered all the grammar and rules that you need for Level 1, make sure you know all the vocabulary for Level 1. Then check that

Sample

Level 1, make sure you know all the vocabulary for Level 1. Then check that you can answer the following. The answers are given at the back of the

Sample

you can answer the following. The answers are given at the back of the book.

Sample

book.

1

Sample

1 To which conjugation do the following belong:

Sample

To which conjugation do the following belong: vocabamus, curritis, scripserunt, fecit

Sample

vocabamus, curritis, scripserunt, fecit

2

Sample

2 To which declension do the following belong:

Sample

To which declension do the following belong: viam, cibus, pericula

Sample

viam, cibus, pericula? Translate them.

Sample

? Translate them.

3

Sample

3 Give the principal parts of the following verbs:

Sample

Give the principal parts of the following verbs:venio, iacio.Sam

plevenio, iacio.

4Sample

4 Write out the cardinals from one to ten in Latin.Sample

Write out the cardinals from one to ten in Latin.

5Sample

5 Give the Latin for second, fifth, tenth.Sample

Give the Latin for second, fifth, tenth.Sample

SampleTest yourself

SampleTest yourself

Sample(see Chapters 13–16), you will be ready for Latin Level 1. Good luck!

Sample(see Chapters 13–16), you will be ready for Latin Level 1. Good luck!


This free sample has been taken from Latin for Common Entrance 13+ Revision Guide

This indispensable revision resources consolidates all the Latin grammar pupils need to know for Levels 1, 2 and 3 of the Latin ISEB Common Entrance exam at 13+

For more information and to order this title, please visit galorepark.co.uk/latinforcommonentrance or contact our experienced schools consultant, Candis Thurston on [email protected] tel: 07795644289

N. R. R. Oulton


for common entrance 13+ - galorepark.co.uk · ii about the author nicholas oulton taught latin and...

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