Food Resources

Topic 3The Soil System and Food Production

Students will be able to:-to discuss the links that exist between social systems and food production systems.

Human food systems:

1.Croplands2.Rangelands3.Oceanic

fisheries

Topic 3The Soil System and Food Production

Students will be able to:-to discuss the links that exist between social systems and food production systems.

To feed the increasing world population we must:

• Produce and equitably distribute more food than ever before.

• Do this in a environmentally sustainable way.

Topic 3The Soil System and Food Production

Students will be able to:-to discuss the links that exist between social systems and food production systems.

SolarCapital

Airresources

andpurification

Climatecontrol

Recyclingvital

chemicalsRenewable

energyresources

Nonrenewableenergy

resources

Nonrenewablemineral

resourcesPotentiallyrenewable

matterresources

Biodiversityand gene

pool

Naturalpest anddiseasecontrol

Wasteremoval and

detoxification

Soilformation

andrenewal

Waterresources

andpurification

NaturalCapital

Limitations:• environmental degradation• pollution• lack of water for

irrigation• overgrazing• overfishing• loss of ecological

services

Topic 3The Soil System and Food Production

Students will be able to:-to discuss the links that exist between social systems and food production systems.

FOUR Types of Agriculture Systems:

Industrialized agriculturein developed countries

Land

Labor

Capital

Fossil fuelenergy

•Uses large amounts of fossil fuels energy, water, commercial fertilizer, and pesticides to produce huge quantities of single crops or livestock animals for sale.

• 25% of croplands in developed countries.

Topic 3The Soil System and Food Production

Students will be able to:-to discuss the links that exist between social systems and food production systems.

•Uses large amounts of human input and draft labor, water, and fertilizer, to produce enough food to feed their families and sell for income.

• In North America 2.4% of labor force is used in agriculture vs 45-65% in developing countries.

Topic 3The Soil System and Food Production

Students will be able to:-to discuss the links that exist between social systems and food production systems.

Intensive traditional agriculturein developing countries

Land

Labor

Capital

Fossil fuel energy

•Growing cash crops on large monoculture plantations, mostly for sale.

• A large amount of livestock production is industrialized. Mostly pigs and chicken are raised in densely populated pens and cages and are fed mostly grain from croplands.

Topic 3The Soil System and Food Production

Students will be able to:-to discuss the links that exist between social systems and food production systems.

Shifting cultivation in tropicalforests in developing countries

Land

Labor

Capital

• Uses mostly human labor and draft animals to produce only enough crops or livestock for a farm family’s survival.

• Practiced by 2.7 billion people (44% of the world’s population).

•Provide 20% of the world’s food supply.

Topic 3The Soil System and Food Production

Students will be able to:-to discuss the links that exist between social systems and food production systems.

Nomadic herding indeveloping countries

Land

Labor

Capital

Rangelands• About 40% of the earth’s ice-free land.• This land provides forage or vegetation

for grazing and browsing animals.

Topic 3The Soil System and Food Production

Students will be able to:-to discuss the links that exist between social systems and food production systems.

Fisheries• The world’s third major food-producing

system.• 55% of the annual commercial catch comes

from the ocean.• Harvesting methods:

] Trawler fishing] Purse-seine] Longlineing] Drift-net

Topic 3The Soil System and Food Production

Students will be able to:-to discuss the links that exist between social systems and food production systems.

Spotter airplane

Fish farmingin cage

Trawlerfishing

Purse-seinefishing

sonartrawl flaptrawllines

trawl bag

Long line fishing

lines withhooks

Drift-net fishing

Fish caughtby gills

float buoy

fish school

Topic 3The Soil System and Food Production

Students will be able to:-to discuss the links that exist between social systems and food production systems.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Nk19PMo1sLI

Comparing Food ProductionTerrestrial

• Food is harvested from low trophic levels.

• More efficient fixing of solar energy by photosynthesis.

Aquatic• Food is harvested

from higher trophic levels mostly because of human taste.

• Energy conversions are more efficient along the food chain.

Topic 3The Soil System and Food Production

Students will be able to:-to discuss the links that exist between social systems and food production systems.

Major Environmental Effects of

Food Production

Topic 3The Soil System and Food Production

Students will be able to:-to discuss the links that exist between social systems and food production systems.

Biodiversity Loss

Loss and degradation of habitat fromclearing grasslands and forests anddraining wetland

Fish kills from pesticide runoff

Killing of wild predators to protectlivestock

Loss of genetic diversity fromreplacing thousands of wild cropstrains with a few monoculture strains

Soil

Erosion

Loss of fertility

Salinization

Waterlogging

Desertification

Topic 3The Soil System and Food Production

Students will be able to:-to discuss the links that exist between social systems and food production systems.

Air Pollution

Greenhouse gas emissions from fossilFuel issue

Other air pollutants from fossil fuel use

Pollution from pesticide sprays

Water

Aquifer depletion

Increased runoff andflooding from land clearedto grow crops

Sediment pollution fromerosion

Fish kills from pesticiderunoff

Surface and groundwaterpollution from pesticidesand fertilizers

Overfertilization of lakesand slow-moving riversfrom runoff of nitrates andphosphates fromfertilizers, livestockwastes, and foodprocessing wastes

Topic 3The Soil System and Food Production

Students will be able to:-to discuss the links that exist between social systems and food production systems.

Human Health

Nitrates in drinking water

Pesticide residues in drinking water,food, and air

Contamination of drinking andswimming water with disease organismsfrom livestock wastes

Bacterial contamination of meat

Topic 3The Soil System and Food Production

Students will be able to:-to discuss the links that exist between social systems and food production systems.

Increasing Crop

Production

Topic 3The Soil System and Food Production

Students will be able to:-to discuss the links that exist between social systems and food production systems.

Genetic engineering

ProjectedAdvantages

ProjectedDisadvantages

Need less fertilizer

Need less water

More resistant toinsects, plant disease, frost, anddrought

Faster growth

Can grow in slightlysalty soils

Less spoilage

Better flavor

Less use of con-ventional pesticides

Tolerate higherlevels of herbicideuse

Irreversible andunpredictablegenetic and eco-logical effects

Harmful toxins infood from possibleplant cell mutations

New allergensin food

Lower nutrition

Increased evolutionof pesticide-resistant insectsand plant diseases

Creation of herbicide-resistant weeds

Harm beneficialinsects

Lower geneticdiversity

Try new foods• Increase cultivation of less widely

known plants to supplement or replace staple foods.• Insects – microlivestock – could be an

important potential source of protein.

Topic 3The Soil System and Food Production

Students will be able to:-to discuss the links that exist between social systems and food production systems.

Irrigate &Cultivate

More Land

In use

Not usable

Arid land6%

Tropicalforest

8%

Cultivated

10%

Grazed

11%Forests,

aridlands

14%

51%

Ice, snow, desertsmountains

Topic 3The Soil System and Food Production

Students will be able to:-to discuss the links that exist between social systems and food production systems.