Soil- and Lar: the 11,:.

by

M. P

FA.0 Soil .yor

Associate

!11 1983

introduction

Acknowl uts

Chapter 1 The Survey Area

1.1 Location and History

1.2 Climate 6

1.3 Geology and Geomorphology

1.4 Vegetation and Land Use 10

2 Methods 2atian

2.1 Airphoto Htip2, 13

2.7' Laboratory Analois

Chapter 3 Soils of tho

3.1 Soil C1as'' 15

3.2 Descril:,i. Oho Soil Units 19

3.3 Soil Mapping Units and the Soil ' 25

Chapter 4 Land Evaluation

4.1 Land S!d*..- 27

4.2 Crop eq

4.3 Limit: 29

4.4 5 Units /3!.

Chapter 5 Conclusions an 39

Heferences

Appendix 1 - Soil Profl1(. ptions; La' 43

Soil Map

Land Suitability Map

INTRODUCTION

In April 1982 tre soil. surveyor I v-Per

Maun in Northwestern Bctv,.. to initilevel soil mapping of thBOP/80/00'3 - Soilpart of acountry at t a scale of . of

the Regional Agricultural H ff in Mauxi. romar

if 7:t,to describe, classy an' soilsdemonstration cours.: in yfl7ce of,.identification of charaet

their relevance toin all aspecto of ficCe and offi.2.... soil survt;,. c,e

The lack of inee ...on concerning the so

became especially appaint lr 701-

stage of the Arable Land 7soil aurvey reportoIn NorthwesternSiderius (1971) anddefined land use activ:.''development in the 01r r`eltwater, availability al, ) -

agriculture. The Gov(!-: ofa systematic and e soi7were necessary- for n: ..J.tural -

This rc7ert does

A,e,. 1 .e sur

a fr.:: :tion of thEcompletion of the pJ. ) Tt isby the survey team as e ee willand evaluation of soils dta by the sbii

acquieltion-a... to

S. AHL

IAA A A-A A,A-A Arr r

pprecition tn his

AFEA

1. The Survey Area

1.1 Location

the CY7a7 Th

gradi.s-

in.flow is lo E , due t,

The sum :t..7ea

bet;ween 220501 ,co 23°00'

has an area 000 ha. st

(known as NFJ v,Tith Mo on.b e incvillage and ti....thstrat iv:

on following I.,age).

Toteng and Sehitwa are two main vil'

survey area. Sehitwa, th. _ ef the two,

100 Itrn southwt of naun. small:U-Y"

throughbut the area. hility

traversed by the n

0-omare and Shak

f.2om

vi

e...!itwa there is s `7',9 paved.

.:-Dads, tracks and outlinee sscross the

relatively toavel and orie.ntation.

The colinot phy t feature of t:

Depr' the si t:.

eata. Th.e c!2:,chmen'. pata is ih t

and the water enters Botst. La above Sh.akawe in .',JA:?, north

and equal; lc plante (C:; ) .

Dy

However ,

of the Delta has t found it.

sp1:71.1s i (to

id flc- 7

attered

faellitating

,ojel

outf

THE SURVEY

The

of the

year s

visit

ditiurant

y hou ad semi--arid.

37°C

day

the

(D..

fainfL...1:.1 dia

e from one y-ear

.Lnd Anni vrith im) to 6(.)-

While n!...!Meroas fnr t e development

260

240

ISO

20

140

IC)

140

120

100

2

Temperature, Rainfall and Potential Evapotranspiration

--- - -I-MAUN

19513 South,

2325' Eoit

4C

o

- - -

' ./

i c:a, V)- 0.

0'

./ at

c-

.

i 4Z.

l0

..... _

_

-

-....

Ì/ .

I-

...

zeri

r .

.. ._

___.

í---

4\

z

111\

\

.

Te1 ,

-

_

I.

Feb Mar Apra MOV JUIPIO Jilt"JOAJut y Aug Sept Ocil Nov

*.fac .

ad the c..1J):

rad.

-.L.,. a

of

211T(

Çì and

CiCli regiLi is

being higher

er soil t.

'..:,113.(1 nor' I

1.3 Geolo G 01110- _01

9:11e .

for tu

atnd. time t day

t

is nade

17.1f T ert

8

hills

:21

L

Patty of de-pbt3 it 5

they bOCILCOIO

.drock forms hit..:3 and

**

mePsarc--79---

9,9

,--,

1-

source:

time

TABLE i

1,1E11,

0300

SOIL Tle,9.,;7,1RES,

**

/05

,

1400

1965

- 1

*-)

2000

deQ

th (

cm)

1020

3030

120

1020

3060

120

1023

3060

120

J:--

.,,ua

ry'

25.4

27.3

20.0

23.7

28.2

32,6

31.1

49.5

29.3

29.2

30.6

31.5

30.7

29.7

49.2

29.6

ry21

.726

.227

.128

.228

.532

.3.7

22.3

28.:'

,'23

.329

.430

.127

.228

.528

.228

.z23

.83.

826

.528

.027

.832

.578

5.3

22.0

28.2

28.0

29.7

30.2

829

.128

.127

.723

.2il

ilY

a7/

ol.'

17.

,.'

97.3

21.)

26.?

23.1

22.9

_7.2

33.6

26.1

,.226

.223

.2

26.6

21..0

2'7.

1

24.9

27.5

23.9

27.9

2..0

27.:,

2,.0

26.8

23.8

26.9

22.2

26.2

,, -

23.2

Tar

r,

T1-

14.1

19.-

' '-'.

(.,

17-4

15.6

1A.2

20.5

L).o

-1.5

25.0

28 9

22.7

,_/.2

9).0

L.

L.

20.2

19.-

22.0

21.'

23.2

-0.7

23.3

19.-

20.4

1.7

20.1

89.

'''.8

19.9

,0.7

19.8

20.6

,)'.)

21.-

23.9

'1.7

21.3

21.3

21.9

23.7

23.0

.121

.2.7

-.6

20.9

,-,,-

-/,5

..0

24.7

23.9

39.9

25.7

22'

.,..(

''2/

..1/2

,7

2/7.

7.3

,.).-

.027

.,L,

27.

. .

7

22.6

I53,

.(5

80.0

29.

80.9

.391

.129

.3)3

.23o

.f,-

29.2

2.7

2).8

.9.,,

2:-.

)%8

.0.-

Ro0

.'<

5).0

23.)

.71.

o_-

)0'.8

)0.6

2).:1

94.?

29..

21.2

25.5

2es

)nA

45).

25.9

25.9

Minor eJiof occurs a

streams have incised --

sande have be en .ry lacust

The sandy beach ridges f Le Ngam'

mds reworked by lacustrine processes

Thaoge overflow blain moving southl.?-.

Depression (northwest -Lion

the aeolian

The allulL 1 plain

feature of th ,;arvey

from the Soieio f the

ycro been hg out duo

-.)1an hightarido throug1T

very little surfaco

Cyclical climatic

ing the formation

Cooke, 1977)

° nates will

he sedlment lo

and uno Labio dra

CcLore be, ueiieved to

(dote and Brown, 1976)

-re--;sions and low

Lie.3urface dee to

1 78).

3avanna

- 1C

ear

both the. av

C .

c' -Li a boAs so c

ver.

L erc)1E,:.,

mat-1y 3crg

t a sub '

low

boreh(

t hc

drawn frf caLtie.

-1,c ni.

x.Istingtlie needs of

pr a e orne

_1 but only on very lifnit ed.

f Lg.

oo.

1 Juuie

tl

tt

out prior

ify the ma)

of the -u.'7ficial

lluvial

lU the

tab .

6 Novembco

- falso colour comoos

reconnaissance levai,

on difficult terrain.

for aco

wa

151Pf 1 3

Field

or shall.

characterist re(Y,r

Soil ro fil P

Co__

and

It

tt

of the

e fieY

OC:

TD: 0756'0

out at a 'detailed'

to facilitate

of 1:50,00C -

'Ph

Aeria 1:70,000

1975

1 June 1978 tt

pH : He,0 and CaC1,)

- 14 -

With the information as died f-r..:)m the

and fieldwork, the

Subsecient photointerprotatLen and fiold

checking of boundaries, the redefin:I''

the delineatiI, 'A. of units and ase

and the of ' soil

augerinJ-. s 132, with 1 bein-

The soil Aap was then using t'

and revised photointerbretaeion. The pL,, features and

soil boundaries at a on the aerial photeTt ::or the

most part distinre )n the satee_li

facilitating the I . of a '1

image. The soil n7it. ,nf tly

those of the bI,:e qurveyeru, and a

of the soils of t3o 7roduced.

All field r Wo from the surve,y 211 be '7 ' the

FAC) So il S a:-. at the Regional Agricultural off i La

Franc ist own .

2.2 _aboratory Sis

All sannlez, 3ent fnr analysis to the FW mil chemist

at the Sebele "griaultural r Statl'en, 7.

t )

particl. size dist..-" fracti

ola- by

A standard of deben'

exchangeable Cationb -r-.7,ed. by

3.

reco&nh.

Soils occ

So as

. it

- 15 -

3.1 Soil C 7 at ion

The soil ..fic at ion

of st. 15 the -.,ricultare

at ion 15m Un". it s are ident

' r ec gnit ion of 6 ".

ln the

was con

with IFV5 uwing to iba signifiant

ene fit the c

ion teril lfLia0 la ir. D

f the

.propg.ri"as, and

(7A0-

. LO wing,

-Il .nd ca. -Lc 0 h orizons

LIC. troc 41c ic C. not u.Sually

.soi as auch -

int ion o . IJnitst.

s

. They _re

is -familiar w-Ith.

uf termo:

A di sou.s s ion

In.its will follow

f luviat fi 1

,oic lac

by 50 cm c al an

ante 5, "horizon , a histic or a sulfuric

Fluvi.:»13

:Least b(..d-w T.(:)

calcareous

oulfidic material 125. cm o f the surface .

2

Soils from uric on sclic .at ed r l excl.",

a.11uvial depo sit s, having no diag..:1- stic horiac

buTled by 50 6-1 or more ncw wor jai) other t

A ; hydr

lac 1,:d

Vert is :1s and Ai

ext ured

o ambic or oxic F3 horiaras or a IbicF material which are (Mara,

of Areno so ls

C a' aric Eroso

Inegosols which are calc. A, least

50 cm from the surface

Arena sols

es a-Fr

soil corr: rfelt t expre E

Rot swana.

- 16 -

Eut

EfiE

rs,

fo 'and in

ion on

"rfac

- 7lac a.sul.fLumi.,c

,1f

at

e not

,

or other coarse fr h in all

or to a lithic pe !ff. Lc ,

of recent, alluvial 9j: pc,

o c c urring o.rer a depth cE at least .3

showing Lct.eristic s ,m-h-f-dc or O.:74.

ich , how , do n h

-t. TO_ re gainhm...

50 cm or more n )

attic E, or a calcio or p.3troch,3.1c'

pr o pert ies within 50 cm of the sur ac e ; aigh salL-hh,"

(includes E ut r ic 01 Qe )

terbio Ar eno so IL

e:nbic

liaae of

("Yf

0 Of

clay - within 125

C a_ :-aric Areno:t; o.l.Oc

Other Arena solS lim

. C11 the surface , or wh..hh r

and 50 cm from the sur

Areno sois propertic of

alt erati horizo:t ist ic ) ;

ac.:1 7

Other Areno soils shov.ring irï 0 1 -1.e of clay accfuntaat

Soils B -ried by 50c m.

or moco now rL sal) OLa d iag no st .. e tilan an ec}1.-1:'1.0

or - -s te horizon ;-

sprizoi,

is

Carribi.

of tl-t.e 1 ...)1

of soft -3211e

between 20 and 50 cm

wit: n 100 cm of the

18

. sux.face

fra ochric A hc.

ic horizon

La 1 ir(-1.1-1 of

:50:5e morO

one or

or con..!,

;naiLearreous

San :ins. hydrornorph:.:-.

: withrOst e

7 2, s

a calcio 125

from ...die surface,.

ha-ving itht 125 cm

from il

The soils are lis

Four main

a:

C unit soils on

soils on 1acastrin

A unit soils on

sands1 -

l'he unit s will be

of soll3 listed undeet

Incre in soil d

the

are

4- 1, 4,

!.ocks

of re ive jirofiles can ce

e

For the soil the survey area

used to describe tHiedividunl These

material, depth, d r-

e ale ium carbonate co:. Thc

as set out b, :AO 977

C Unit - soils on h

L Unit

Sh al_ modera

flat t o

o la s sific ,adon;

partly petrocalcie

This -t2

plain

sbile with a wea.,..

beds . Towards the high wc7.:c

by fine san :. to lo

sharp t

ile

- 20 -

Ro

Also o bserved ar. : andy t, o lo arily

calcio) of the alluvL ain edge and t he sandy

olay loam so il of oc. lipans.

The fo'.7' s T unit s ha-ve

1. ver: y drained ,

brOWn Silty :; 1 ay

br oval 0 7 fne

non-

cla s s Eutr:Lo Fluvisoi e

pro f-3_1

of

- he

ayer as

FlUVL,, e, SU: L9a ; rofile no, To183

The soil reaction for u Ss L9 and L9a are cam,

acid to slightly acid (Lo ...S. -ly alkaline C.L9,

values of F....2-7.65, with th opsoil bei!

acid to llg -ly alkaline (oh Fadls

carbon contaah, of the t op so LI is ITery high with ).

from 2,25-LI . I ecre asin- sub -I- - I - to

Mi.e sandy tnit

h Lgh ( 29.08-4/4 ) 00 g

ioiiL of L) (, ,.'5 me). 2.a

Availdbto ih rous ia vcry 2. to

_Tubs of 2.5 -)6.6 ho suosoil L.2 bom . do

2. do

loat.

,070

J! well d

over

cations (co. are all high-

). moderbt .-Fectly Cr "

sandy clid:y _ - Loan;

classification: Calcio

- found in pans.

I. deeT.), et

'brown cl.:; over ,.t:

calcio.

classification: Calcic CaMbia. SF: 1120

A unit - soils on .

This unit inc,7,- " 7 famed.

valleys, old stream tbd.s and diterdunal deprssalsns.

L. ver: . rperfect boorl:

gre r 1.1

cal:.

classj :LOY . -05 Fluvisol SU: A.24

-found in river valleys of Kanyere River.

black to

') silty

mo

fine sand to 1J

noncalcareous.

classification:

colluviam, found

deep to ver.v deep

grey ,

calcareous.

classification:

Incftoni old

ation: Calcac

in old stream

-ic Arenosols.

acid in the te:

alka_

of the to

The CE

the subswl.

exchangea

and low

calL,

alluvaa

ly undula

2,2

(7,

deep to ve j den,

darl- brown t(

OVe ' e saad;

Fluvisol (

beach ridge.

a:

t h L_mind La ni

ic id very st o.

cant eo

eri

3 PPm )

lly low exc

IL with a c al c

unit have

and ID e t ro c alele

y of low Lnh fertil ty. The

caleL

To 17,

C Areno sal

L9a

L2,0

A.

22

r(60) + )4,0)

60 + S:

, (60)+ KS3( /4.0)

1. 31'..?"( 40) 4- K2:33 ( 3 0 )

Ls-17(50) + 11,22(50)

7

2no

2] 3 (9.0

2.9

il '

)

21,

3.

Je 5(.,)0 7. 3

C) .0. 3

Bk

- 0. 3

fTh,"'"\r",. 0. 7

-

TABLE 2 n3)

r)-,

Qk

2,00 6. 7

600 0. 2

rforrn

as thist ic ed

o unt ry.

nor.

o ur

31 it able

by more

and c on Se rv at iu

-years

Sig

o ur s

Or so

r'31'

CharaCtel

-

Four 7-

gooff

*f.ed Ei,.ccess(si)

3 .ierted Je)

p (D or accese

;271-;10) r-r-,+, ory,r-c-,..

4:.)r and velocity of 1,w-1(D:ff.Lates to

h e

n,1

2

Si

While cliffNiiitvi

.1 ff.

100

1

10

and alkalinity are at

area-suitabili y class Si.

downgraded one class, while th

within the rooting zone.

w workability

Workability, th

Is mainly a-unction of

Four rat ::ve been establi_,

In the folio

be evaluated for

4.4 Evaluation of

In thiz section

ted as '. thoir sA,

arad aL produ.

ved traditlena

lity

mmary of all oval

The fia: 7

ability map. lh

sorghum, and the second for

the for both crops.

soi

02 y unsuitab

ations

andy texL

workability o

L Unit - lacnstrin

L9 and L20 -

The main larnitations are poor

_lability and poor tops

Imonly low thr t, the enbir

zone in which it7

mean annual rainfall th:.2e

the hard to very hard top:-

productive under non-tradi:

:valuation

two

ic horiLn

ly suitable-

the pot

soil can be urLbtivated,

boriiruaa. al -ocki

have been

J use activity-

utilizing

ulth similar

d together,

tabular form

the

rating Is

units will

' 43r

Y

f the cll'

7apotr L:piration

kability is poor due

Those soils could be

city due

opsoil

aee os.

allabiltby, poor

be the one the land

itatien5

to t-

flooding.

as A2ed.

able-ciaLe

Main lil: tations as a mode

e

criay be di.

( sub

from thar.:: of t d1C..

ub) ola ss of thbfc r.owed

to tco t

.2diateL., followlng

Ur. 4.4: S

O

ICO '7-1 T-1

(f) Cl) ce). [e.) [ cr.) (ID cr.). ECO cC, (i) CC

(r) Cr) Tr) u") (I) CC) UT; CO C.` ) c"-) cf`

C-1 CV[r.) cr.)

- 37 -

r (T) rn cc), (f ) cf.) (r) (r)

(c) r1Ti u) c (7) cf.) [e.) (.(7). cr) [J-.) Tr, Tit-) Cr.) CT). ri)

1

0 ---1- e--,,f..) ,! - ' - °.,--i , u

1--; ,--1 ,--) ,o(c)

0

*

CO CO CO <-1 CO CO r-1 CO <-1 r-1ELi (r) CC) C (/) (r.) (1-) r..j.-2 cr)

CV CV ' (7\1 CV C\1 CV Cc:. CV CV c"; C\1 C\.,; C cV,. rV rCf) tc7) CO. (I) CC) (T) rf.) (I-.) (C) CC. Cr.) CC. C. CC)

Q)

<1-1

IDO u ) )-) cr-) (I) r r rf) rf) Cr) Cr) CI)

C) (.7.Q CO CO CO <-1 1CO CO 1-1

CiT, CO LIT)( IT) cc.) c.c) cr.) cr.) [c) cr) (if ci") cr) (r)

CO CO CO CO C') CO 1- CC) Cc) CQ.-) Or) Ccc1* CID. C,r). CT) C.C) 11C1 C.r.) Cr). Cr..1

CO C.Th CO C\I nThUr) cf) c-,C.) r-r] u'l). Cr.) Cl)'"'" C.c). Cr)

C''') \ C. ') C)1. CO N 7-1 N \ItAl",) (f) cF) cr.) Cc) ci ,:f.) CT) riC) (f) CT) cr.) ("./.) CO

4-1 U.) Cf) n (r.). cr..) Cf) Cr)Cf7.; u7;) C;(7:; (C) (f)

CV 0-) (c) C' COn'r) CCOcf) :(-) ;')

C'-2 I r'-1 C)? C'c) Cr) CO. 7-1 N --rr1;) ,.r) r...0 (T.) f C r.r.) UT/ C.cr ) CC) cf ,-Q

T

0

Table

3(contil:.:..Z

association*

suitnb.

S3...

.ne(

50)

+ +

5:4,-,(60) + N1(40)

S.13

ae(6

0) +

S3m

ne(4

0)

3(60

) +

s12

(40)

)0)

50) +

(50)

_

122(50) + 120(50)

122(40) + 120(50) + 14c(50)

51:0(60) + 02(40)

K.317(60) + K513(4'

.1

+0

)0)

1.,0)

,0) +

_30)

o0) + A22(50)

- 39 -

Conclusions and Recommendations

The land suitability ma.)CCr

soil mapping units found within-

land use activity. LCOe the sol

boundaries, whilo .J_ag to

units, may represent transitional

.55

'6,mfo

53me S3moe

Famne

5.3-mne(1)

S3mne(3)

SLprl

34m(2)

Ni

, .00

7,500

21,100

900

1,000

o

2.5

2.6

7.40.30.3 73.1_

". 200 50.4

9.4.

600 2.7

47,000 1_6.5

7,200 2.5

200, (000 1a,.»

each other. Both maps are based on a limited number of o ./-ations,

and the soil mapping units and land sulLability classif.Lo

aended with additional -lold and 1, iata.

r illustrates tho of (sub

3 otoan on the land suit

suitability

There was no land in the survoy rraa whicn

highly suitable 51 f r the fj ise activity. A

proportion ( of the mod, -

suitable This unit co old

in the northwest of the survey area (soil init

there are some limjtations to cultivation fcrm of moderate

fertility, sligi0 eN tial of erosion fair topsoil

it is the most suitolo lao' in the Even thoujn

areas can be small and e considen.

small scale H.-ettf. e input., rre required to

productivity.

o-raluation of the

r the defin,:d

noted

bet

sones wl...sos the units into

op" C

nr? trit

.)nly

Thea

ourael

tc

loads

Land classified as marf

greatest -.)roportion

to cuJ±,i1

avai

areas, whicl

crop yields. The

soil anith L9 a:e.

noct]y

farming.

floodplain as being modenre

and use. While

area should not be ov

Lake Ngaml depression sheald

the laying down of trials b,,

"b),

-iorthern and e

:eau° ivit

defined land activity

low moisture availability will qerefaly heno

areas may -nresently be 'Tivated on

_nit b,-:

seasonal floods, areas may

Land el as

2. Cole, M. M. and H.D. Leroux

le of flnK

er

Trans.

FAO,

b. 17'AO

Coil

for Irrigation

D.R. C.

roblems

Land

Pott D.I1 ,

ha

Note an. M 7.A

of the

12.

-43-

To 180 je

To IM Je

To 176 Qe

To 175 Qa

To 227 Qf

To 231 Qk

To 196 Ql

o

0 ,-,-, 0,--) NO

I I ,---) 1 I c`,2 I I I I I I I /

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a e 0 0 O 0 0 a 9 4, ,,,,,._ 1, \ ,.., c t _.,-1- ,,,C , ,i ,C) If \ `,...0 if \ --"C 'O Ln, (4-,

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(IN (''M (7.) --"I7 (r\ ("Th C,-- 0-- 00) 0 0 0

I, 0000 0 0 0 0 CN1 00 CD 00C C)

,C) ,0 f:CCN.2 cTh 3 r-!

0 9 0 0\ (c) O O N CCC) o 000 (D Q 21)

Lr\ Cr-V,C) CÌ'' 0-) 0 C 0, --I('-`, Q 00 s 0", C"c-1 -

O 0 0 0

7-t C«00 0 1-H , C

COO-cC) rk)'-O--C) c272N 0 ',2)-0 as C c+7) LC), s--0 (-7Q C-- 'oc)o .

(,- ,0 0 O CN 7-1(7)2 ,---i

-(7) . 0 )-O \ 40N 0 b 0 0 0

O N ),- i') c.) c- C ' , 4--\ cr-) /

(Th ,

(c) O(7) C.-) ) ++

0 0 0

0! 00 (- 00

- (44/ r4--) -CO ttol" Cr) t_C%go 0 O

C\./ ,C) 'co 1 C( <7)

(-\) 7-

SC)IL PROFILE DESCRIPTION, .)11Er

PROFILE NO. Tc.: St-P.7...:T '!'):

LOCATION, COORD!!',4ATES T-

DATE _

SOIL CLASSECAT!ON (FAO)

SOIL CLASSIFI(ATION (ST)

ELEVATION

TOPOGRi.;-1. IIC

SLOPF

LAND -U:/ VEGETATION

shrillos: Z. rimer°

C.daetylon

PARENT MATERIAL lacustrine

tA01.54URE CONE.":. dry

POCK OUTCROPS

SION // f2)EPOSITIO',\I

I-IUMA,N !NH

REMARKS area heavily- -;r,ri.seil

RIZON DESCRIPTION

sl.hard v.hard

as'

'Lb loam

:ed

LAUTHOR J,aui

;...hrub eeil

A

A4,!(1.;-;.01"(."7.

) ay

smoothr in

eh; )'-eb

acy'mptlroo!,;

SOIL SURVEY OF BOTSWANA FAO B 01 /130,/00,.i

!CAI!) RLF UN;1

- G ad! ierIr

PHYSIOGRAPHIC FOSr

.fine

DRAItN;AGE er_rSUPi-ACE 5TONE-.)

- re, Jr, t ,1

nt :I a borro; T.',:, '..,

''' -,, 1 ' , 1- ' ' ' {: L,

)or ymbo1.1

-dcpth t.)

colour moist _LUY:L.,-,/1dry_3.5/2

consistence

cutans

CeMento,r;

pores

minera

carbonates

biol. feat.

common fine common flne

sor i ' C, .

ll, PROFILE DESCRIPTION SHEET ;;Clii,'..:::L5::'-.TE nF BOTSWANA ... I " /00:3

PROHLE NO. To 103 SHEr:T NO. GPi.'.) T:' I UNIT T

.:CA.TION, COORDINA1 ES . ...e uf , .,',. - : ,m1., ,

,:,,,c,:v,,,:-,:

(To

f',' ,' )1DATE 16/12/02 17417FtIOR paui ,/,f1,L ''',.

SOIL CLASSIFICATION ( AO) Eut,ric Fluy-is pi,OIL CLASSIFICAT/ON (ST)

1ELEVATiON m.i PHYSIOORAPHIC PO3ITIOr.1 slightup_ri,u .1_:ting I:MICRO-FOP

cori-TOPOGRAPHY .qt,"ly

SLOPE-1,a:- /'-,

,

I'-:'-'-.'. COND.LAND-USE VEC.7T,;',.. :ON , a vann a. wo cy"

SPECIES A ..:-,,,

' -ir .Int, aras;;: ut.onio r. T t., i c_.:C,

JDRAINAGE

S1.RF/1.

PARENT MATr.-,R,! .',.,1_ lac ust,rineMOISTURE COND. sl, moist at 90 c.. -,-.F S'inl-,TSROCK OUTCOPS

,,SiON-- si., ii: ry

P: i.'1...,):1-",irON

-IUMAN INFLUENCE

REMARKS

HORIZON DESCRIPTION

hor. symbol Ahl Ah2 C2depth 0-1 r-, 15-90 1 ,, I- ) ,-

colourdr-/

I Ci):q2 1Q_),)

,

I. ''',..772, 5, /,. / r

° Wing rj 11' ;f:111-, .. .r.'-,

(' : \-"-Mt._1')

' ' .: ' 1;y. , , O., .7::: S e.:....,111.nf,,ni,

' 7.5YR5 (

exturz... ,ic...-.; ', loam oilt., y clay silty cl.a.v

-,-L',...,:t- ,,a-c

,''Jr ?-I., , L'pir

silttore fine

5 5ng blo CI cy

,,- »

sq'oan,,,..., , - .-,

1 , ,:s s --..t .1.-.,--.-'..-,- --..,- el, ,:,-,

consis'sen --

soft ext, . ha] 1

cutans_

cementa ion _ _pores

,-'' le CO1.mon, fine 'omrnon, '' .: Ion, f'

.-

rock fragm._

mineral nod._

_

_

carbonates

biol. feat. _roots COrOnan, ' : e

;:mooth

' '--.1"-)

v.. ton. v. few 1

i

1, smocs '

', 0---.,'0

boundary'

o n . "1 1 n

;OIL PROFILL

'ROF ILE NO To 1

)OILcr../-6:)1Frc..nic.)N (sr)

LEVAT ION

'OPOGRAPHY

;LOPE

.ANE)

,PECIES

MAT EH Ltv-iLunv

ACAS friRt-.. ;;NE)

-

ROFACT4 r)r;or,i_

-1!JW N NFLIJFNCE

J.: MARKS

ioRlzor I r

)ur z

1ep',-, i 0,, )

,V(Air tr-q- ' ' ' . , /1 /,),_1

y

ncAIIng

i.,../.,i'.. ' 1-...1,' 7/ L L

;i

.. _ .... _. ..... _ . ..., ...._ _'...1. 1../."±fi -

i 1.- , HIi '

VLC,LÍAÍION

A.orUeuoeno A .rne..11ifera

/Id

v7;,:, i

L

V 41' . ¡J»,. .," I

iEEf NO.

!,

f-i e 'hie

SURVEY C j: N.A FAO 110T/80/003

GRID R. . UNiT

4!f.7. POSITION

mIcK(:),;op.

Ck

r-L,

,

FAC E. COND.

DRAIN AO:-

SURR.CE STONE;

S7'111\41 Y

Lta pat.

bUrr';

78 O.K. ito. 7.A-001,002

-,!0N ccor,,Lrs..t,:r:::s 15.4 k:.:

/L. /-T-' iThkIT'THOR,

. OIL C LASSIF IC -1%1 ION ( FAO) Calci ....:.LLLsol

SLOPE ).,LT COND.LP.ND - VEGL

51-1.:C L ,- f Lbicolor, C

7-'AREHT A,T

MO I SI

...1; N DEP

rJt.At,r IF1i..1ENce_k

'10P,IZCeN'

,

cOGtr

1+1.th

°

ttht,c3

C4 Qte4

cc -,1-00`

,

r v.

-,11

TORARIAUL:

.c.',TONES

5A1.1i 401'

L.CIOP TON C1r 14') I

(_OORD!NATE5

' All tr,01,

IC Al it-LO\' FA 0) H

r- :,' 'PON (!.;T)

I

C)r- BUYSWAN\

1)

'

FAO BOT

kiNi

SOIL PROFILL 0 7

PROHLf

LOCArl

DA f E

SOIL CìhSk_)11 C

-

ELE VAL ùH

TOPOC;4..,\

m

f'l

r'HYSIOGRAN-W.:. F011K.:IN

AOISTURE CC_Ji\ID I., at /4.C) cm

OUTC2.',.7'S

:RC..)SION

A ,` !

.At4D / VL:C;FIATION

3PECIES A ..Fri ellif ex a A.tort Grewi a f la va

HOT% : t

depth

colouru

; C i C2

i_ - , ) 30-50 50-1 L0+

,

10Y10/5 /

,1_C

rrh:Mlin,i

texture

structur,..,

. :r nd Cine sE '

o amy

to sand

1 sH11,..:L»..i.reles -1_,-k

St, ruct La. ele s :-,massive

structur ..

massive

consist,,,,i1 11..1.110¡

,.4.

so ft sof t

culrans1 _ _

cementation ._

pores, fine-mod fea In: .-;Yr. t 'W fix tc -Fr.lt,i 1

rock_

minerol nQa

carbo,--,,,- - -biol. i -roots ' -' ',:,Ii lo-med fe -S L V. few, f_i_ric

bound:.,1 ..iriloo i

78 C.K. no. 1A-OC

'OIL PROFWL 'ESCRIPTIC1'' Si-lEET SOIL SURV FAO BOT/80/003

)ROFILE NO. To 175 SHEET NO. 2022133 C.3,RID REF

.LL1 ,

.E,,et,swe

El71/1.1-1,--

UNIT LS17

,OCATION, COORDINATE Sehi-twa-Ta;.iil i J, 1,21.1 junction)ATE iL , AUTHOR

;OIL CLASSIFICATION (FAO) .Elatric o i(Dsol Qe

;OIL CLASSIFICATION (ST)

T:LEVATION PuY °GRAPHIC POSITION niaLii

roP0C-L' flat MIC01OR

LO PE E CO

RE \ bat profile,

WEN! MATERIAL OLLOÏL d

t s arm-

)ATE 23/2/213

AND-USE

iPECIES

,OCATION, COORDINATES

i011 CLASSIFICAi-ION (FAO)

;OIL CLA,IFICATiON (ST)

.ACV.:.TUR:F: CONO.

K OUTCROPS

dry

ROSION / DEPOSIT ON

-1UMAN UN-WU/Er-4CE-

:EMARKS

lORIZON DESCRIPTION

AUTHOR

Ferralie Areno sol

aGETATION shrub savanna

T.prunoides, A . erube

outline so uth ea st, of Pelobothoko

Paul and KntlT

lEVATION m. PHYSIOGRAPH C POSITION

OPOGRAPHY flat gently undulating

;LOPE 0

MiCr,:710R

SURFACE COND.

photo 151 BT 1' 071

DRAINAGE wellSURFACE STONES

SALINITY

FAO BOT/80 003

9 111------UNIT

G.bicolor

lor. symb d Ahl .A112 B

iepth

:olour moisic;iy

0-10 10-45 45-100+

7.5YR3/44/4

7.57W;1! »,

7.5YR4/65/6

'nottling

----extur,.

, tructure

fine sand 1::: 1 e sand

PI C,' ; I- , fine'i. ' -

, - ock , . , .-2ky E.1,. b Cloe'....

consistence' - .3 . lard so 51..1-lard s ft sl .ha,i.

cutans

cementation

porescommon : d common. . fine c .,... . fine

rock frc..n.

mineral no d,

carbonates_biol. feat.

roots

boundQryi

(. (.;,-111(), 1 1...,

,

'_,:'-'' ' 1

r) '

;OIL PROFILE DESCRIPTION SHEET SOIL SURVEY OF BOTSWANA

'ROFILE NO. To SHEET NO. 202,:e_D 2 GRID id:-.F.E.TT935

_

ov),_ 1 )

1:_X

uc-we

Crrlir

e

pores

rOr-,

tIOC:

biol.

undon.

:ry

' ;1_.c)(

flat,PHYSICX: ::\PHIC POSITIOV

MICROTOR

SL..k'FAC.I.: COND.

Ckl Ck2

70-08

10Y1-15/3.5

truct

+++

88-100+

SOIL PROFILE DESCRIPTION SHEET SOIL SURVEY OF BOTSWANA FAO 801/80/003

PROFILE NO. Ta 160 SHEET NO. '';'('32+37 UNIT KS

LOCA! ON, COORDINATES 1 Pa afte::.

1,, ,

1

)

,),LA. tDATE .1_( AUTHOR paal :;110

SOIL CLASSIFT:./N,TION (FAO) ala 0- ii 1].) J.

SOIL CL.AS:FiCATION (ST)

-__

AND .; ISi VI:ETAI-ION shrub and tree

SPECIES A. mellifera, A

' PAREN! 7 DR \INA',

MOTOPE RACE STONES-

SALit,IITY

ER(.)Si(Dh' Dri-POS:T:ON

/saclUf.-.HCE

REN.Ar

HOi;12_'...1\1 ,:-..'.7.47kirr101,1

PROFit.17; R(F.

LOCAT :()ORDl.')ATES

DATE AUTH,

SOIL C1.1' SSIFICAT ION (rAc) 1icSOR CIASSIF-ICATION SSU)

ELEVATION y. T PHYSV,

LAN:5 -

SPECIES

PAREN r.i0L_ _

MOIS I U/Zi:

Ai.

EF:0!..;K) 4^ ` ^ a.-

kEty4,i-v4:`, 1I,SS__.

hcr. svorir.,ji

biol. feat

' LoiAirico

L ,L5 sto(

roots_ .

4-..ortsislenr4e.

¡...1r/reS L '

I .

,

_

._

'.', I

if.,es, A. EX: cos

POSITION plain.

TOR

St_r:FACE. 40.

. fine vs. fill,'I-

-erne°,

l DRAINAGE \

SI i'Zi-',:tC2.E. STONES

I cto

soft,. 6.7.

151 EiT 1

y

Pc.°1 suPPyr - tu tu .t-

:c t...L.e.iPt'tftcc

SOIL P17:(2)ir'.,. SOL ',1,CitSV/ANA. FAO

TOPOC,i.'r'ri

SLOPE

mcDISTOkr

_

L,(.,61(- 4/ D:E-PC:isfficv

i,:.1)f(7,().°4 DEE.SCRE.'

t's

ot.

cutans

pores

rock

minerc

j/

o'.11) L r icaloo

'1 I

4

L .L1...1,1 ",, L

.(E.J,,

n

hard

1

Iuu.uf SRDNE-S

_

phot O 1/70 C0 K. no. 1A-007

iL PRnil L EF.CR Pre6°Y or724f)i-fu...VANA ):40 BO VC 0/003

PRC.FILEE Nu, --, 1 io

LOC A TiOi'l. COO RD K''.f ATES

,t4 ri: : , ,,

..r.....,ciLl.,...T .4C.,,)

_ . .. ' :

i ATEH3k

!...' ....)

','..,.

. 1,

.1 ,

',

',.., ,,L,

.-u.,.

IC ,,', os...-; ,..,-

,:.i

k E,' E.

, .o.

,"ko ',, -' , ' ) ) t.t)

Co u ,...,,,.: '1. to:, ,.. . L

Y;t,

sou. r,'"*X-.Ek.. A'7, ; An ,S(11.AL 'ST)

ELEVAriCti m,Pì Y0G!,,,AT'EtiC. '

10,,,,-)(,,R AVC, Ut 1\v:A

S'EOPE com)./ 1. .

. .

'f.'',PEC1Ect ) ,. . ) -k;k