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Recent Trends in Foreign Language Teaching with Information & Communication TechnologiesDr. Steve SordenMohave Community College
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ICT (information and communications technology - or technologies) is an umbrella term that includes any communication device or application, encompassing: radio, television, cellular phones, computer and network hardware and software, satellite systems and so on, as well as the various services and applications associated with them, such as videoconferencing and distance learning.
Definition of Information and Communication Technology
http://ictforlanguageteachers.blogspot.com
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Dr. Stephen D. Sorden
• German Translator for the U.S. Army – Berlin, GermanyStudied Basic & Advanced German at the Defense Language Institute in Monterey, CA
• K-12 Teacher and Administrator(Including 3 years at TAES in Hermosillo)
• Taught ESL/EFL to K-12 and adults• College Teacher and Administrator• Career focus has been on history, languages & technology
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Open Discussion
Applications for ICT in FLT
ICT Instructional Method & Theory
Changing Learner Expectations
Today’s Topics
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Disclaimer
I am not a professional language instructor.
I am a professional educational technologist.
I represent the future as a student of language.
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How do I represent the student of the future?
• I want to be in charge of my language learning experience.• I want it to be practical and in context.• I am very comfortable with technology and social media.
“for centuries, teachers have been the acknowledged experts in the classroom: “the sage on the stage.” Teachers are still fighting with the fact that the learners appear to have taken control of the learning process. The new learners are in rebellion to examination-oriented education.”
- Duane Sider, Director of Learning for Rosetta Stone
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• Learning-Centered
• Personalized
• Interactive, Social & in “The Cloud”
• Mobile: Anytime, Anywhere
• What They Want (Buyers Market)
21st Century Learners will increasingly demand that their experience is:
Changing Learner Expectations
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Learning-Centered Education
• Creates change in individual learners. • Engages learners as full partners in learning process.• Creates and offers many options for learning. • Promotes collaborative learning activities.• Defines roles of facilitators by needs of the learners.
-- Terry O’BanionA Learning College for the 21st Century.
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Personalized Learning
The Snowflake Effect (Eric Duval and Wayne Hodgins)
“Massive Hyper-Personalization”
Personalized Learning as a “Disruptive Innovation”
Christensen, Johnson & Horn (2008)
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Interactivity
Digital media should do something when it is
touched or clicked on.
Social Media
Learning outside of this world will not be relevant.
The Cloud
Learning materials and status must be
available anywhere
(24/7) on any device.
21st Century Learners Will Expect (Very Soon)
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Education is Now a Buyer’s Market
It doesn’t matter whether you agree with what students want from their educational experience.
If you don’t provide it, they will go somewhere else.
ICT in education will make this very easy.
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Online Language Learning Communities
• Livemocha – World’s Largest Language Learning Community• italki – Language Learning Community & Marketplace• busuu.com – Your Language Learning Community• My Language Exchange – Find a native speaking partner!• Dave’s ESL Café – The Internet’s Meeting place for ESL & EFL• LingQ – Study online 24/7 and meet people from around the world!• hello-hello – Interactive online language course with a community
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Mobile Learning (mLearning)
• Handheld Computers & Smartphones
• Increasing Presence in Higher Ed• Still Very Early • Can Place Language Learning in
Context• Ambient Technology
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Leader in Mobile Language Learning
Praxis Language LearningComing to you from Shanghai, China!
• ChinesePod.com• FrenchPod.com• ItalianPod.com• SpanishPod.com• EnglishPod.com
1400+ Audio LessonsA New Podcast Each DayUses Skype for Live Lessons
To help busy people learn Chinese.
ChinesePod breaks down what happens in a classroom and then smartly applies technology where appropriate.
Think of it as language learning for the Internet Age.
ChinesePod Mission?
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Mobile Trend Towards Ambient Technology
Surrounding us with technology rather than
interacting through small screens and tiny keyboards.
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MP4
FLV
HD
WMV
• A new translation app that allows communication without language barriers
• Operates by hand gestures.Speak into the phone while it is vertical, and then flip the phone horizontally to translate the phrase.
Vocre
SPEECH RECOGNITION AND SYNTHESIS
New Theoretical Framework
The Social CognitiveFramework for
Blended Learning
• Social Cognitive Theory• Cognitive Science• Networked Learning
Theory
• Social Influence Model (Rogoff, 1998)
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• Connectivism/Networked Learning
• Self-Regulated Learning Theory
• Cognitive Theory of Multimedia Learning
• Blended Learning
A Tool Box for ICT Instructional Design
Instructional Theories for ICT
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Connectivism/Networked Learning
• Theory by George Siemens
• Composed primarily of three concepts: – chaos theory– importance of networks– the interplay of complexity and self-organization
• We can no longer personally experience everything. There is too much. We create networks to learn more than we can as individuals.
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Self-Regulated Learning
• Zimmerman (2000, 2001)• Winne & Hadwin (1998)• Pintrich (2000)
• Cognitive Constructs– Motivation– Goal Setting– Reflection– Self-Explaining Behaivors
Socially-Shared Regulation of Learning
Coregulated Learning
Self-Regulated Learning
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Cognitive Theory of Multimedia Learning
• Theory developed by UCSB psychologist Richard E. Mayer
• Theory is based on three main assumptions: – There are two separate channels (auditory and visual) for processing
information– there is limited channel capacity – learning is an active process of filtering, selecting, organizing, and
integrating information
• The theory includes a series of principles that provide guidelines on how to design online lessons using multimedia.
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Blended Learning
It’s a new approach.It’s not just a combination of online and f2f
• Several studies report increased student satisfaction with blended learning over either face-to-face or online approaches. (Clusky, Hodges, & Smith, 2006)
• Several studies indicate that Blended Learning was more effective than conventional face-to-face classes (Means et al., 2009)
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Blended Learning Components
Blended learning instructional design has two main components:
– Collaboration with peers– Learner self-reflection
Blended Learning Models
• The Inverted Classroom (Flipped Classroom in K-12)(Lage, Platt & Treglia, 2000)
• The Community of Inquiry Framework (Garrison, Anderson & Archer, 2000; Garrison & Vaughan, 2008)
• Social Cognitive Framework for Blended Learning (Sorden, 2011)
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• Informal/Personalized Learning• Blended Learning• Voice Interaction With
Computers
• Free/Inexpensive Open Content• Innovations in Digital Reading• Open Courses for Mobile Phones• Thin Clients & Apps in the Cloud
NEAR FUTURE
• Intelligent Tutoring Systems• Learning Analytics• Personal Learning Environments• Game Based Learning &
Alternative Reality
• Augmented Reality Language Learning
3-5 YEARS?
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Digital Textbooks
A Wealth of Free Material in Books and Textbooks• Kindle Free Books with the Kindle Cloud Reader - https://
read.amazon.com • Gutenberg Project - http://www.gutenberg.org • Free Open Content Initiatives
– Flat World Knowledge http://www.flatworldknowledge.com
– College Open Textbooks - http://www.collegeopentextbooks.org – Secondary-Level CK-12 STEM Flexbooks
http://www.ck12.org
More important than free digital content, however, is disruptive innovations in how we interact with the content.
eBook Demo
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Visual-Syntactic Text Formatting
A Few Companies are starting to pilot the use of Visual-Syntactic Text Formatting (VSTF) in Digital Textbooks and online materials.
“McGraw-Hill will be testing this research out on 3 of our books in 2012.”
Jaclyn Mautone in personal emailMarketing SpecialistMcGraw-Hill Higher Education
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The Reading Eye-Span
Squire Trelawney, Dr. Livesay, and the rest of these gentlemen having asked me to write down the whole particulars about Treasure Island, from the beginning to the end, keeping nothing back but the bearings of the island, and that only because there is still treasure not yet lifted, I take up my pen in the year of grace 17__ and go back to the time when my father kept the Admiral Benbow inn and the brown seaman with the sabre cut first took up his lodging under one roof.
In Block Text – Minimal character-specific information can be processed outside of the oval.
Everything else only competes for visual attention, while adding no informational value.
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VSLT Process
When in the Course of human events it becomes necessary for one people to dissolve the political bands which have connected them with another and to assume among the powers of the earth, the separate and equal station to which the Laws of Nature and of Nature's God entitle them, a decent respect to the opinions of mankind requires that they should declare the causes which impel them to the separation.
When in the Course of human events, it becomes necessary for one people to dissolve the political bands which have connected them with another, and to assume among the powers of the earth, the separate and equal station to which the Laws of Nature and of Nature's God entitle them, a decent respect to the opinions of mankind requires that they should declare the causes which impel them to the separation.
Millions of computer
calculations per sentence
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Pre-Test and Post-Test Research
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200
210
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Fall Spring
ControlEL1
Live InkEL1
ControlESOL
Live InkESOL
Randall C. Walker, M.D.
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VSTF Web-based Parsing Site
http://www.liveink.com
Randall C. Walker, M.D.Walker Reading Tech, Inc.
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Open Courses for Mobile Devices
In 2009, the Indira Gandhi National Open University (IGNOU) announced plans to create mLearning so students could access course materials through downloads on their phones.
There is a huge, untapped potential for delivering English and other subjects to learners in developing countries using nothing more than their own simple cell phones.
Nabeel AhmadNabeel’s SyllabusDelicious Links
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Remword - Free from China
Remword provides text, image and audio to assist with vocabulary building.
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Thin Clients & Apps in the Cloud
Expect to see a new emphasis on delivering courses directly
from the cloud.
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So, those were innovations that are already here, but what about…
Disruptive Innovations in 3-5 Years?
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• Informal/Personalized Learning• Blended Learning• Voice Interaction With
Computers• Free/Inexpensive Open Content• Innovations in Digital Reading• Open Courses for Mobile Phones• Thin Clients & Apps in the Cloud
NEAR FUTURE
• Learning Analytics• Intelligent Tutoring Systems• Game Based Learning• Personal Learning Environments• Augmented Reality Language
Learning
3-5 YEARS?
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Learning Analytics
• Learning analytics involves data mining, interpretation, and modeling to improve understanding of teaching and learning, and to tailor education to individual students more effectively.
• Learning analytics in higher education has centered primarily on identifying at-risk students who can then receive attention to avoid failure in a particular course.
• The larger promise of learning analytics, however, is that when correctly applied and interpreted, it will enable faculty to more precisely identify student learning needs and tailor instruction appropriately.
It is how we will finally, truly personalize education
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Intelligent Tutoring Systems
• Will be many, many years until they are perfected.
• Based in Artificial Intelligence.
• Most research from Carnegie Mellon University.
• Expect to see the first uses in foreign language learning as interactive dialogs and vocabulary building exercises.
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Game Based Learning/Alternative Reality
“Developers and researchers are working in every area of game-based learning, including games that are goal-oriented; social game environments; non-digital games that are easy to construct and play; games developed expressly for education; and commercial games that lend themselves to refining team and group skills.” - 2011 Horizon Report
• James Paul Gee• Collins & Halverson• Curtis Bonk• Marc Prensky
Personal Learning Environment (PLE)
Web 2.0 Services
ePortfolio+
VLE (Moodel,
Blackboard)
PLE
A system for an individual to access, aggregate, configure and manipulate digital artifacts of their learning experiences
• Michele Martin divided learning in PLEs into three areas:
– Gathering Information – reading and learning
– Processing Information – reflecting and practicing
– Acting on the Learning – what do you do with it? How does it affect your practice?
http://michelemartin.typepad.com/thebambooprojectblog/2007/04/my_personal_lea.html
3 Learning Objectives in a PLE
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• It is still not clear whether a Personal Learning Environment (PLE) is software, or simply an idea.
• The main idea for a PLE is a collection of tools and methods that use technology to promote learning.
ICT & PLEs for Personalized & Informal Learning
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Augmented Reality Language Learning
AR is the combination of real-world and computer-generated data so that computer generated objects are blended into real time projection of real life activities.
– ARLL focuses on contextual (immersive learning)– Learning can move beyond physical classroom into the street/field– Contexts have the opportunity to be relevant and to engage
learners.
http://www.avatarlanguages.com/blog/arll
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Layar is an augmented reality software developed by a company in Holland. Listen to their vision of the future.
THE FUTURE IS UPON US!Soon we will be able to stand in a location and see images and video of events that happened in that spot.
CINEMA
Augmented Reality allows us to enhance art galleries and museums with additional information or artistic expression.
ARTJust a simple example of what will be possible to place foreign language in context with Augmented Reality Language Learning (ARLL)
LANGUAGE
HDMP4WMV
FLV
MP4WMVFLV
HDMP4WMV
FLV
HDMP4WMV
FLV
Examples of Augmented Reality
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Recommendations
• Try to buy or gain access to a smart phone and a tablet if you don’t already own both.
• Become comfortable with digital textbooks.• Contribute to an open textbook project.• Experiment with providing resources to mobile devices.• Become visible in social sites for foreign language teachers,
as well as for learners of foreign languages.• Study blended methods and experiment with blending your
courses as quickly as possible.
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Recent Trends in Foreign Language Teaching with Information & Communication TechnologiesDr. Steve SordenMohave Community College
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Resources
• Learning in the Cloud – Warshauer• Web 2.0 How-to for Educators – Solomon and Schrum• Visual-Syntactic Text Formatting: A
New Method to Enhance Online Reading • Mobile Learning • Information and Communication Technology in Education• The Horizon Report• Emerging Technologies in Distance Education (Couros)