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LEGACY V2 FOR FSX 1

LEGACY V2 FOR FSX

Welcome to the flying and setup guide for the RealAir Lancair Legacy Version 2 for Microsoft FSX and FSX Steam Edition.

This guide contains all of the information required to get the most out of the Legacy V2’s unique features. Even if you are an experienced FSX user, please take the time to go through this guide, at least briefly to start with. Our Legacy V2 requires specific settings in FSX to get the most out of the graphics, sounds and flight modelling, and some of its advertised features won’t work properly if the Legacy V2 or FSX are not setup correctly.

As well as this guide the Legacy V2 comes with the following documents:

• Pilot’s checklists for the Lancair Legacy. • A guide to the Legacy’s Bendix/King autopilot. • A document containing answers to many frequently asked questions.

FLYING GUIDE

LEGACY V2 FOR FSX

LEGACY V2 FOR FSX

LEGACY V2 FOR FSX

2

ABOUT THE LANCAIR LEGACY 5

NEW FEATURES 6

REALVIEW 11

FSX AND FSX SE 16

Using the Legacy with FSX 16

About the FSX SE Version 19

SETUP GUIDE 20

Flight Model Realism 20

Joystick Settings 22

Video Card Settings 23

Sound Gauge Initialisation 25

CONFIG PANEL 26

About the Config Panel 26

Using the Config Panel 27

Graphics 8

Realism Page 31

Panel Page 35

GPS & Radios Page 37

RealView Page 40

Sounds Page 42

Oxygen Page 43

Trouble-Shooting the Config Panel 44

CONTENTS

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LEGACY V2 FOR FSX

VIRTUAL COCKPIT 45

Panel 45

Views 48

Mouse Interaction 53

VC Details 56

GAUGES AND SWITCHES 58

Miscellaneous 58

Annunciators 59

VM1000C Engine Monitor 60

Angle of Attack (AOA) Indicator 63

True Airspeed Calculator 66

STANDARD GPS 67

Mouse Interaction 69

FLIGHT1 GTN 750/650 70

Flight1 GTN Installation 71

Trouble-Shooting 75

REALITY XP GNS 530/430 76

Reality XP GNS Installation 77

Trouble-Shooting 81

OXYGEN AND HYPOXIA 82

Hypoxia 82

Oxygen System 85

Oxygen System Options 88

CONTENTS

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LEGACY V2 FOR FSX

TURBOCHARGED ENGINE OPTION 90

LANDING LIGHTS 92

Custom 3D Landing Lights 92

Default Landing Lights 93

FLYING 94

Flying the Legacy 94

General Flying Tips 95

Managing Speeds 104

Engine Management 105

Navigation 106

Aerobatics and Flying Close to the Limit 107

PILOT OPERATING INFORMATION 113

TROUBLE-SHOOTING 114

Reload Aircraft 114

Sounds 115

Graphics Issues 117

Config Panel 119

Flight1 GTN Integration 123

Reality XP GNS Integration 124

Miscellaneous Problems 125

SUPPORT 126

CREDITS 127

CONTENTS

LEGACY V2 FOR FSX

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5

ABOUT THE LANCAIR LEGACY

The Lancair Legacy is a truly remarkable aircraft, and is for us the natural successor to our Marchetti SF260, one of the most successful GA aircraft add-ons in the history of FSX. The Legacy is brim-full of brand new technology and has its roots in the Lancair 200 but with an updated refinement of that ground breaking design.

Being mainly a kit aircraft, the Legacy is relatively inexpensive to construct, yet delivers breathtaking performance both in climb rate and top speed. It has short, highly efficient wings with extensive laminar flow. With its standard, naturally-aspirated 310 hp engine it can achieve well over 2000 feet per minute climb rate and has a top speed of up to 250 knots TAS in the right conditions. This makes it an unrivalled sport plane and quick cruiser, in addition to having outstanding ability in handling, whether for sedate cruising or semi-aerobatics.

Included for the first time in the version 2 Legacy package is the option of a 400+ hp turbo-charged piston engine in place of the usual 310hp naturally aspirated engine. With the turbo engine, the Legacy can cruise at a remarkable 300+ knots TAS at 8,000 feet and above. The climb rate also far exceeds the normally aspirated Legacy and the ceiling is beyond the normal limit of 18,000 ft - although higher than 12,000 ft is of course not recommended without oxygen!

REALAIR’S SIMULATION OF THE LEGACY RealAir Simulations has a long history of ground breaking innovations right from our very first releases for Microsoft’s Flight Simulator over ten years ago, and many of these innovations have been adopted by other developers and even Microsoft itself. RealAir was the first developer to offer proper spin and side-slip capabilities in all our aircraft, at a time when Flight Simulator was not theoretically capable of allowing such things. We were also the first to offer a VC with smoothly animated 3D gauges (back in FS2004), and for many years we remained the only developer doing this. In addition we were one of the first developers to implement stall buffet effects, GA aircraft engine failure modes, pilot inertia effects, 3D cockpits with flexible views, proper stereo sound imaging without unwanted phasing effects, and a wealth of other features.

In this simulation we have packaged all those innovations and modernised them so that the Legacy now has contemporary cutting edge features which truly stretch the limits of FSX.

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6

NEW FEATURES

TURBOCHARGED ENGINE OPTION

Included in the Legacy V2 package is an optional turbocharged engine. This variant is based on the competition/racer versions of the Legacy seen at places like the Reno Air Races. Some of these variants carry turboprop engines, while others have turbocharged piston engines. Our variant is a turbocharged piston engine producing over 400 hp and on full power can produce a remarkable 300+ knots cruise at 8,000 feet and above. The climb rate now far exceeds the normally aspirated Legacy and the ceiling is beyond the normal limit of 18,000 ft - although higher than 12,000 ft is of course not recommended without oxygen!

If you wish to fly either the normal or turbo variant this option is available via the Legacy config panel. If chosen, the option applies the turbocharged engine to all liveries within the package.

The Legacy V2 now features an optional turbocharged engine.

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LEGACY V2 FOR FSX

PILOT OXYGEN & HYPOXIA SIMULATION

For the first time in a RealAir aircraft we have included a highly complex pilot oxygen and hypoxia simulation. As you climb higher in the Legacy, if you do not switch on pilot oxygen (or your oxygen runs out) you will gradually succumb to the effects of oxygen starvation (otherwise known as hypoxia). Your vision will gradually darken, you will find it harder and harder to control the aircraft, and your breathing will become laboured. If you don’t take action quickly enough you will lose consciousness.

The hypoxia simulation is highly advanced in that the time it takes to lose consciousness at any given altitude closely matches what would happen in real life, and the effects you experience as you begin to lose consciousness also closely match what you would experience in real life. Pilot fitness is taken into account - you can select your desired ‘pilot fitness’ using the Legacy’s Config Panel. The less fit your pilot, the quicker he will succumb to hypoxia. You can also control the size of your oxygen tank - with a small tank you need to manage your oxygen carefully, with a large tank you don’t have to worry about it. You can also turn off the oxygen/hypoxia simulation if you prefer.

INSTRUMENT LIGHT DIMMER

You can now finely control the brightness of the instrument back lighting on the Legacy panel. The instrument dimmer works day and night and effects all back-lit gauges including the traditional mechanical gauges (for example the airspeed indicator) as well as the various digital and LCD gauges (for example the radios and GPS units).

FLIGHT DYNAMICS

The Legacy’s flight dynamics have been reworked to simulate the new (optional) turbo engine as closely as possible. In addition the handling has been subtly tweaked to improve the Legacy’s already outstanding handling realism.

NEW TURBO ENGINE SOUNDS

The optional turbo engine includes turbo specific sounds with a subtle turbo whine.

NEW FEATURES

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IMPROVED AERODYNAMIC SOUNDS

Our custom wind sounds which react to aircraft control input, attitude, speed and many other factors have all been greatly improved so that they now react more smoothly and fluidly. For example, the wind sound that accompanies side-slipping now reacts smoothly to yaw angle, so that small angles of yaw produce a subtle wind noise, while large angles of yaw produce a louder sound, and the volume and pitch of the sound varies in response to airspeed changes.

Aerodynamics sounds that react smoothly to speed and control input changes include:

• High yaw angle sounds. • High angle of attack sounds. • High roll-rate sounds. • Landing gear wind sounds when gear extended. • Spoiler wind buffeting. • Flap flutter sounds when flying above flap operating speeds. • Aileron flutter sounds when flying above Vne. • G overload sounds • Rushing wind sound when the canopy is opened on the move.

FLIGHT1 GTN 750/650 VC INTEGRATION

The Legacy V2 now includes full VC integration for the Flight1 GTN 750 and GTN 650 as well as support for the RXP GNS 530, RXP GNS 430, or the standard FSX GPS 500. Installing any of these gauges is as simple as clicking a couple of buttons within the Legacy V2 Config Panel.

NEW LIVERIES AND CABIN COLOURS

The Legacy V2 features three new HD liveries, with each livery including a unique panel and cabin colour combination that give each livery a unique character both inside and out.

NEW AND IMPROVED CONFIG PANEL

The Legacy V2 features a new, easier to use config panel with a number of new features and more easily accessible help information.

NEW FEATURES

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LEGACY V2 FOR FSX

The brand new Legacy V2 Config Panel

USER CONFIGURABLE RADIO PANEL LAYOUTS

Using the newly updated Config Panel, you can position the radios exactly how you like. The Config Panel includes a new easy to use drag and drop interface for rearranging the radios and GPS gauges. For example, if you would like the autopilot to be at the top of the radio stack, you can quickly and easily do that. You can move the position of the GPS and radios to make any radiostack layout you can think of. When using Flight1 GTN or RXP GNS gauges, you choose whether or not to include extra nav/com and transponder radios. See the ‘Config Panel’, ‘Flight1 GTN 750/650’ and ‘Reality XP GN 530/430’ chapters of this guide for more information.

NEW FEATURES

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LEGACY V2 FOR FSX

MANY MORE MINOR IMPROVEMENTS

As well as the above major improvements, the Legacy features many minor improvements and bug fixes. For example, a bug in the FSX turn coordinator code has been fixed so that now the turn coordinator allows for perfect rate-one turns. ADF dip is now simulated, and you can choose how strong this effect is via the config panel. If you have ever experienced disappearing click-spots in the Legacy, you can now choose to use the default FSX landing lights, rather than the Legacy’s custom 3D landing lights - we have found in previous releases that this fixes the click-spot problem for all of our customers. A small bug in the original Legacy that caused the pilot’s feet and arms to appear outside the aircraft when the controls were moved to their extremes has been fixed.

NEW FEATURES

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REALVIEW SOUND AND ANIMATION EFFECTS

Included with the Legacy V2 is a comprehensive collection of advanced animation and sounds effects.

Airframe vibrations, yoke and aileron flutter, plus accompanying sounds when flying above Vne

A BRIEF HISTORY OF REALAIR’S REALVIEW EFFECTS

As far back as 2004, RealAir Simulations was the first developer to include animation and aerodynamic effects which enhanced the standard behaviour of Microsoft Flight Simulator aircraft. We were the first to implement pilot inertia view effects in FS2004, and Microsoft adopted a similar effect in their first release version of FSX.

We went on to provide engine failures with oil, smoke and flames in our Spitfire, and were the first developer to introduce convincing stall buffet sound and visual

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LEGACY V2 FOR FSX

effects in all of our aircraft. Many of these and similar effects were then adopted by other developers, who then took our innovations and went a few steps beyond.

Starting with the RealAir Legacy, the Legacy B60 V2, and now with the Legacy V2, these custom sound and animation effects are the most advanced offered in a FSX/P3D aircraft. The RealView effects are present in all stages of flight, from startup to taxiing, take off, manoeuvring, and landing.

The RealView effects are not a separate addon for which we charge a separate price, but are an integral part of this aircraft, having been designed in great detail to suit the specific characteristics of the Legacy. They have also been designed to work together in a seamless, harmonised way.

The custom aerodynamic sound effects in the Legacy V2 have been completely reprogrammed to be even more responsive to aircraft speed and control input.

LIST OF REALVIEW ADVANCED EFFECTS

Please note: Most of these advanced effects are user-adjustable or can be switched off individually.

ü Needle and cockpit vibrations, both of which you can customise in strength or turn off completely.

ü Engine start-up and shut-down propeller torque effects. When you start-up or shut-down either engine, the propellers create a torque reaction that gently rocks the Legacy’s airframe. This effect is perfectly coordinated with accompanying sounds.

ü Stall buffet effects that feature a newly designed ‘shake’ of the airframe when you are on the cusp of a stall.

ü High G sounds and subtle animations when you pull substantial amounts of positive G.

ü Hard landing effects which shake the aircraft and create a visible and audible ‘thump’ when you land. The softer your landings (in flying parlance a ‘greaser’) the less noticeable this effect will be, while the harder your landings the more violent the effect. You can fine-tune the strength of this effect or turn it off altogether.

ü Runway surface vibration effects as you taxi and take off, also customisable.

ü Gentle flap vibrations at normal speeds.

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LEGACY V2 FOR FSX

ü Complete flap failure simulation. If you fly with the flaps down above their safe operating speeds, you will hear the flaps ‘fluttering’ and see violent flap vibrations. If you ignore these warnings and continue without retracting the flaps or slowing down you will hear a loud bang as the flap control mechanisms fail. If this happens you will be unable to retract or extend the flaps, and the flaps will vibrate violently in the air stream. Only a landing and slowing down on the runway will stop the vibrations. Reloading the Legacy will restore the flaps to their working state. This effect can be enabled or disabled.

ü If you exceed VNE the whole airframe will shake, subtlely at first then becoming more violent, accompanied by vibrations in the yokes and ailerons. This alerts you to the immediate need to slow the Legacy down to avoid further damage. This effect is adjustable in the config panel.

ü As you lower the landing gear you will hear and feel the wheels as they lock down and as they retract into the wing wells. These effects are accompanied by a multitude of sound effects which harmonise with the animations.

ü Lowering the landing gear exposes the struts and wheels to the airstream and you will hear the wind creating drag on the struts in the form of a low pitched rumble.

ü The cabin door, when opened on the ground, will cause a rise in engine and airstream noise if the engines are running. Above a certain speed, either on the runway or while flying, attempting to open the door will result in similar sounds but the door will also only partially open as the airstream fights to keep it shut. The faster you go the louder the airstream and engine sounds. The door will only fully open at or below taxi speed. Above this speed the airstream holds the door partially closed, with appropriate animations of the door ‘straining’ against the wind.

ü When you extend the spoilers, the disturbance in airflow will subtly shake the airframe, and you will hear the sound of the wind as it is deflected by the spoilers.

ü Inside the cockpit the control sticks move smoothly in response to autopilot and trim commands.

ü When you add up trim, not only does the elevator trim-tab move down, the elevators deflect upwards and the control sticks move aft. This effect is speed sensitive just like in real life - for example at standstill you’ll see no control surface or stick movement, only the trimtab will move. The ailerons and rudder respond in the same way.

ü A comprehensive set of aerodynamic sound effects (see below).

REALVIEW


LEGACY V2 FOR FSXREALVIEW

AERODYNAMIC SOUND EFFECTS

As you manoeuvre around the sky, a comprehensive collection of sound effects will react to your attitude, airspeed and control yoke input. These sounds do not just switch on and off and are not fixed like a generic effect. There are literally hundreds of separate instances of these sounds which smoothly transform in volume and intensity according to the type of pitch, roll and yaw manoeuvre you execute, and in addition these effects can be influenced by changes in outside wind-speed, direction changes, gusts and wind shear.

For example, if you gently roll the aircraft with small aileron movements, you will not hear any sound effect. But if you bank the Legacy more positively, you will hear a subtle airstream effect as the wings slice through the air, and this will grow in intensity the faster you fly. If you pull the stick back beyond a gentle amount then (depending on your airspeed) you will hear the change in airflow over the wings, and when positive G exceeds a certain amount you will hear louder airflow effects and the straining of the airframe structure. If you attempt to yaw the Legacy beyond a small amount, for instance if you are deliberately side-slipping or making an uncoordinated turn, you will hear the airstream change in volume and intensity as it collides asymmetrically with the fuselage. This effect can also kick in during a spin or in steep turns at low speed when the fuselage gets out of alignment with the Legacy’s heading. Generally speaking, all these sound effects change dynamically according to your airspeed, attitude and control input.

Many of the other advanced RealView sound effects work in concert with the animated effects. For example when the landing gear is raised or lowered you will hear the doors shut and the ‘thump’ of the wheels hitting the stops inside the gear well or a ‘bump’ as the struts extend to fully open position. You will also hear the gear doors open and shut.

For the Legacy V2, we have completely rewritten the code that controls these custom aerodynamic sound effects so that they now respond even more smoothly with control changes, aircraft attitude changes and speed changes. To use the side-slip wind sound as an example - the volume of this sound is now responsive to side-slip angle, so the greater your side-slip angle, the louder the sound. This makes the sounds subtler and more natural when gently manoeuvring the aircraft, but still loud when you boot in large amounts of control throw. The volume and pitch of the sound will also vary with airspeed. The same goes for all of the other aerodynamics related custom sounds.


LEGACY V2 FOR FSX

SWITCH AND DIAL SOUND EFFECTS

Each switch, dial, rotary control, knob and button has not only an accompanying sound but these are customised to suit the position and type of the switch in question.

SOUND EFFECT VOLUMES

For information on balancing the custom sound effects with the standard FSX sounds, please see the ‘Setup Guide - Balancing the Sound Effect Volumes’ section on page 24 below.

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16

FSX AND FSX SE

USING THE LEGACY WITH FSX

SUPPORTED VERSIONS OF FSX

This version of the Legacy can be installed into Microsoft FSX (boxed version), and/or FSX Steam Edition. Please note, Please note, for the boxed vrsion of FSX, you will need to install the free SP2 update, or the Acceleration expansion pack.

INSTALLING INTO MULTIPLE SIMULATORS

It is possible to install the Legacy into multiple simulators on the one PC. With the FSX version of the Legacy, you can install into both MS FSX (boxed) and FSX SE if you wish. If you also own the P3D version of the Legacy, you can install into P3D v2 and/or P3D v3 as well (requires a separate purchase, see our website for more information).

To install into both MS FSX and FSX SE, you will need to run the installer twice - once for each sim. During installation, and after entering your RealAir account details, you will see the following screen:

Sim selection screen of installer


LEGACY V2 FOR FSX

Select the sim you want to install into, then proceed with the installation as usual. After installation, run the installer again, but this time select the sim you didn’t install into the first time.

UNINSTALLATION AFTER INSTALLING INTO MULTIPLE SIMS

If you install the Legacy into multiple sims, you will need to uninstall each version separately. This is simply a matter of choosing the appropriate version to uninstall in the Windows “Programs and Features” dialog:

Be sure to select the appropriate version during uninstallation

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LEGACY V2 FOR FSX

USING THE CONFIG AFTER INSTALLING INTO MULTIPLE SIMS

Each version of the Legacy installed onto your PC will have its own Config Panel. For example, if you want to make changes to the MS FSX version of the Legacy, you will need to use the Config Panel for the MS FSX version of the Legacy. This simply requires that you open the correct version of the Config Panel. After installing the Legacy into MS FSX and FSX SE, you will see the following icons on your Windows desktop:

Click on the appropriate icon for the version you wish to alter

The original, boxed version of FSX is labelled ‘FSX’ while the newer Steam Edition is labelled ‘FSX SE’. It is simply a matter of clicking on the icon appropriate for the version you wish to adjust. If you also have the P3D version the Legacy installed, it too will have its own dedicated icon(s) on your desktop. After opening the Config Panel, double check you have the right one open by looking at the title of the Config panel, this will tell you which version you are making changes to:

Double-check you have the correct Config Panel open by looking at the title

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LEGACY V2 FOR FSX

ABOUT THE FSX SE VERSION

NO REALITY XP COMPATIBILITY

The FSX SE version of the Legacy is identical to the original (boxed) FSX version of the Legacy. The only difference is that you cannot install the Reality XP GNS 530 or GNS 430 into the Legacy when it is installed into FSX SE. This is because the Reality XP gauges have never been updated to work with the newer version of FSX. This is something beyond our control.

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FLIGHT MODEL REALISM

Important! Many of the core features of the RealAir Legacy V2 will only work properly if your realism settings in FSX are adjusted correctly. Our flight model relies on having the general realism slider in your FSX realism menu to be set FULLY RIGHT. Even one tiny notch less than maximum general realism will disable all the painstaking features we have built into the flight aerodynamics. You will need general realism to be set to maximum for the correct roll rate, yaw control, side-slipping, stalling and spinning, and in fact all general handling, to be as we intended.

It is essential to set the ‘General’ realism slider to 100%

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In order to enable gear up landings (so-called “belly landings”) you will need to switch off the collision detection in FSX’s realism menu. Keeping it switched on is not only unrealistic but instead of belly landing FSX will close the flight when you collide with an object or overstress the airframe.

P-factor, which tends to turn propeller engine aircraft to the left, especially with a high angle of attack and high engine power, is best set with the slider halfway, but not much less if you want realism. The Legacy V2 does not require much right rudder on the take off run but does require a little right rudder at low speed and high power.

Propeller Torque factor, which tends to slightly roll an aircraft to the right with sudden or high power and a high angle of attack, is not much of a problem in the Legacy. While there is some tendency to roll it is not at all prominent. We recommend setting the Torque slider anywhere between halfway and two thirds.

Gyro drift is exaggerated in FSX and we recommend you set this slider well to the left.

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LEGACY V2 FOR FSX

JOYSTICK SETTINGSWe recommend setting your main joystick or yoke control similarly to the illustration below. Placing the sensitivity sliders to approximately one third will ensure that you can have fine control of the first third of joystick movement for pitch and roll, while still allowing full deflection for more extreme manoeuvres. This affects slewing however, and if you find that using your joystick for slewing results in sluggish slewing movement, you might wish to set the sensitivity sliders a little higher.

Recommended control sensitivity settings

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LEGACY V2 FOR FSX

VIDEO CARD SETTINGSIt is essential to enable anti-aliasing (AA) and anisotropic filtering in your video card settings. Without AA enabled the 3D panel and gauges will appear ‘jaggy’, and the 3D gauges will appear to have severe ‘shimmering’. 2x AA is the absolute minimum we recommend. Any video card manufactured in the last few years will be capable of running 4x AA with almost no reduction in frame-rates. The higher the AA setting you use, the better the panel and gauges will look, and the less shimmering you’ll see, but it is essential to balance this against getting adequate, stutter-free frame-rates.

Generally speaking 4x AA is a safe bet. 8x AA will only yield a small visual improvement over 4x, and on most video cards 8x AA will produce a very noticeable frame-rate reduction. This is even more so with 16x AA. Low frame-rates, and frame-rate stuttering will mean the Legacy will not handle nearly as well as it would at higher frame-rates, so it is definitely worth being conservative with your AA settings (see the ‘Frame-Rates’ section below).

FRAME-RATES

While many sim forums are awash with tweaks and fsx.cfg settings which attempt to extract every possible performance improvement out of FSX, some of these tweaks can actually make things worse, or at best offer some improvement while at the same time increasing the possibilities of a crash, freeze, display issue or other stability problem that rarely is caused by any loaded aircraft alone. Running the Legacy with your sliders all at maximum is not recommended until you have first flown the Legacy on modest or low graphic settings. Thereafter we recommend that you gradually increase the detail in scenery and other graphical options until you arrive at a workable compromise.

Many of the Legacy’s flying characteristics rely on a reasonably high and smooth frame rate of approximately 30 fps in order for the flight model to display at its best. While 25 fps is adequate for procedural flying (for example navigating under autopilot) a frame rate much below this will start to affect the fluidity and fidelity of the aerodynamic responses, together with far less pleasing movement and manual pilot control input.

Using a modest but reasonably up to date computer, you should be able to achieve 30 frames per second in the Legacy, provided you are not at large,

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graphically intensive airports, or are using heavy amounts of road or air traffic. Higher specified computers should be able to deliver a higher frame rate than this.

Use the FSX Sound Settings dialog to balance the custom sound volumes.

BALANCING THE SOUND EFFECT VOLUMES

All the custom sound effects, including flaps, gear, extra wind effects (apart from normal airspeed wind), stall buffet, G effects, aileron flutter, flap vibrations and other custom sounds are set in terms of master volume so that they balance well within the custom sound suite. Therefore to balance them with the default FSX controlled sounds like cockpit, environment (meaning normal wind sounds), and engine volumes, you will need to adjust the three main sound sliders so that they balance to your satisfaction with the custom sounds. For example, to hear louder custom sounds as described in the above sections, turn down the engine volume

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slider. To turn down the custom sound effects, increase the three main sound sliders then turn down the overall volume of your speakers. In this way you can fine tune the balance between nearly all of the available sounds.

As a general rule, we recommend setting all three sound sliders initially at between half and two thirds, then re-balance these sliders together with your overall speaker volume in order to achieve the overall sound balance you prefer.

SOUND GAUGE INITIALISATIONWhen loading the Legacy V2 for the first time, FSX will inform you that it wants to run a custom sound gauge. Click ‘OK’ to allow this gauge to be loaded, after which FSX will not need your permission again.

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26

ABOUT THE CONFIG PANEL

NEWLY UPDATED

The Legacy V2 features a brand new version of the RealAir Config Panel. The Config Panel allows you to setup the Legacy exactly to your liking, with a number of graphics, avionics, sound, realism and animation settings to choose from.

The Legacy V2 Config Panel

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LEGACY V2 FOR FSX

USING THE CONFIG PANEL

AFTER INSTALLATION

Immediately after installing the Legacy V2, the Config Panel will open. We recommend using default settings for your first flight before making any further changes.

The Legacy V2 installer will add a shortcut for the Config Panel to your desktop. This shortcut is named ‘Legacy V2 FSX Config’ or ‘Legacy V2 FSX SE Config’ (depending on which sim you have installed into). Double click on this shortcut to open the Config Panel. You can also find a link in your Windows Start Menu, or the ‘Apps’ screen in Windows 8.

Please Note: If you have both the FSX and P3D versions of the Legacy V2 installed on your computer, you will see more than one desktop shortcut for the Config Panel. The FSX version is named ‘Legacy V2 FSX Config’ while the P3D version is named either ‘Legacy V2 P3D2 Config’ or ‘Legacy V2 P3D3 Config’. Be sure to open the correct Config Panel for the version you wish to adjust.

CHANGING SETTINGS ‘ON THE FLY’

You can make changes to the Legacy Config while FSX is running. To do this, do the following:

1. Change your screen to windowed mode if it is not already in that state, by pressing ALT ENTER on your keyboard.

2. Pause if necessary (you can set FSX so it does this automatically in the next step).

3. Minimise the window. FSX will now be ‘suspended’ but still running.

4. Open the Config Panel and change or choose your different options, press ‘Save’ then ‘Exit’.

5. Now maximise FSX or press ALT ENTER again to go full screen, then press the ‘reload aircraft’ key.

Handy tip: To use the ‘reload aircraft’ command, you must assign a key to it by going to ‘Options - Settings - Controls’ in FSX. For detailed help on how to do this, see the ‘Trouble-Shooting - Reload aircraft’ section on page 114 of this guide.

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CONFIG PANEL OPTIONS EXPLAINEDThe Legacy V2 config panel is very simple to use. Most of the options are straight-forward and require no further explanation. However some options might not be obvious to all. On the pages that follow we explain some of those less-obvious options.

GRAPHICS PAGE

The Config Panel Graphics page

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CUSTOM 3D LANDING LIGHTS

With this setting enabled, the Legacy will use custom 3D landing and taxi lights in place of the default FSX landing and taxi lights. These custom landing lights look much more realistic and convincing, and light the ground in a more realistic way.

If you are experiencing problems with disappearing click-spots, we recommend disabling the custom 3D landing lights. In the past this has fixed the problem for every customer we have helped with this issue. Please see the ‘Landing Lights’ section of this guide for much more detailed information.

EXTERIOR - WORKING GAUGE DISPLAYS

With this setting enabled, all of the digital/LCD displays on the cockpit panel will be fully functional when viewed from an exterior camera. With this setting disabled, the various digital/LCD displays will have a fixed graphic applied. This fixed graphic will look perfectly realistic but when you look very closely you will see that the displays never change.

This setting is only applicable to exterior views - when you are in the virtual cockpit view (as you would be for almost all of your flying) the displays will work properly with this setting enabled or disabled.

The setting is provided to slightly improve performance, and reduce the chance of issues when flying in multiplayer. In testing we have found that it’s almost always worth keeping this setting enabled in single player mode. Because this setting only affects the exterior views, you will not see a framerate improvement in the VC when you set this setting to ‘Disabled’.

VIEW CHANGING CLICK-SPOTS IN VC

This setting allows you to enable or disable view changing click-spots in the VC view. If you’re not already aware, the view changing click-spots allow you to jump between VC views at the click of a button to quickly and easily zoom in on the more important gauges and switches. Please see the ‘Virtual Cockpit - VC view click-spots’ section of this guide on page 50 for more information.

Please note: if you didn’t like the view changing click-spot navigation method in our original B60 Duke or Legacy, please give it another try in this Version 2

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Legacy. We have made the view changing click-spots smaller and provided ample separation between view click-spot areas and the other switch and knob click-spot areas so it is now virtually impossible to accidentally change VC views when you really wanted to click on a switch or knob. We believe the revised view changing click-spots mean there is now virtually no down-side to using this method.

VC GAUGE GLASS DUST

This setting controls whether or not you can see dust on the glass of the panel gauges. Hiding the dust makes the gauges a little clearer to read, but in our opinion slightly reduces the realism and character of the panel graphics.

VC GAUGE GLASS REFLECTIONS

This setting controls whether or not you can see reflections on the glass of the panel gauges. Hiding the reflections makes the gauges a little clearer to read, but in our opinion slightly reduces the realism and character of the panel graphics.

VC WINDOW GRIME

This setting controls whether or not you can see flecks of ‘grime’ on the windows in VC view. Hiding the grime makes the view outside slightly clearer, but in our opinion slightly reduces the realism and character and immersion of the VC graphics.

VC WINDOW REFLECTIONS

This setting controls whether or not you can see reflections on the windows in VC view. Hiding the reflections makes the view outside slightly clearer, but in our opinion slightly reduces the realism and character and immersion of the VC graphics.

VC GAUGE BACK-LIGHTING

This setting allows you to choose between two different types of gauge back lighting. The difference between the two is quite subtle. For most people we recommend keeping this set to ‘Type 1’. If you think the back lighting seems a little too bright, try ‘Type 2’.

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REALISM PAGE

The Legacy V2 Config Panel Realism Page

TURBOCHARGED ENGINE

With this setting enabled, the Legacy will be fitted with a 400 hp turbocharged engine. With this setting disabled, the Legacy will be fitted with a 310 hp normally aspirated engine. The turbo engine improves cruise speed, climb rate and maximum altitude. For more information please see the ‘Turbocharged Engine Option’ section.

Please note: The version 1 RealAir Legacy was fitted with a 310 hp normally aspirated engine, and the turbo engine was not available.

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FLAP FAILURE

On the Realism Options page you will find the ‘Flap Failure’ option. When this is enabled it is possible to irreparably damage the flaps by flying above the safe flap extension speed (known by pilots as ‘Vfe’). In the Legacy the maximum safe speed for flying with the flaps lowered is 132kt IAS. However you can safely use the first stage of flaps up to approximately 175kt IAS, but lowering the flaps further should only be down when flying below 132kt. Handy tip: The maximum safe speed for full flaps is represented by the end of the white radial line on the airspeed indicator.

If you fly above 175kt with approach flaps extended or above 132kt with full flaps extended the flaps will eventually fail. When the flaps fail you’ll hear a loud bang followed by a clattering sound as the flaps flutter freely in the breeze. When this happens it will no longer be possible to lower or retract the flaps, instead when you attempt to move the flaps you’ll briefly hear the flap motor straining as it attempts to move the damaged flap mechanism.

To repair the flaps and get them working again, simply reload the Legacy in FSX.

Handy tip: If after lowering the flaps you hear a clattering sound, it means you are flying too fast for that stage of flap. You must either slow down (quickly) or raise the flaps. If you don’t the flaps will eventually fail. If you are flying much too fast the flaps will fail quite quickly!

ADF DIP

In real-life, while tracking an NDB station, bank angle can have a small effect on the ADF needle reading. This error is greatest when travelling directly towards or away from an NDB, and reduces to zero when travelling at 90 degrees to the NDB. This error can make flying an NDB approach much more challenging.

If you would like to see this ADF dip error simulated in the RealAir Legacy, make sure the ‘ADF Dip’ slider is not in the ‘Off’ position. This slider controls how severe the ADF dip is in the Legacy. Set to ‘very low’ will mean the dip effect is only slight, while being set to ‘very high’ will mean the dip effect is very noticeable. In real life, different aircraft will exhibit more or less ADF dip depending on how the ADF antenna is installed.

If you would prefer the ADF needle to point directly towards the NDB station at all times, move the ‘ADF Dip’ slider all the way to the left until it says ‘Off’.

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COLD AND DARK COCKPIT

When you enable this setting, the Legacy will load with the engine stopped and all switches in the off position. This simulates how you would find the aircraft in real life when you first hop in for a flight. Note: the cockpit will only load ‘cold and dark’ when you load the Legacy on the ground, if you load it while in flight the engines and switches will be as they were before the Legacy was loaded. This prevents the need for a hurried engine start to avoid an undesired landing or crash!

Unfortunately when you load a saved flight FSX can be very insistent on setting the switches as they were when you saved the flight, and sometimes this can override the Legacy’s ‘cold and dark’ settings. Pressing the ‘reload aircraft’ key will usually fix the problem and reload the Legacy with the proper ‘cold and dark’ settings. For more information on trouble shooting the ‘cold and dark’ setting, and for help setting the ‘reload aircraft’ key, please see the Troubleshooting section of this guide.

SUSPENSION SETTINGS

FSX runways have broadly two kinds of surfaces: those with no ridges or bumps (generally runways at large or regional airports), and some smaller FSX airfields have tarmac or concrete runways which have an artificially imposed set of regular ‘bumps’ and undulations. These are somewhat unconvincing, as are similar undulations on nearly all grass runways. The grass runways especially create a uniform and rather predictable suspension oscillation and can also create exaggerated drag as a consequence of the exaggerated friction in default grass runways and the bucking movement of aircraft suspension and wheels.

We have made efforts to overcome these anomalies through the ‘grass’ suspension option. This can be used with both hard and soft surfaces and its effect is to dampen and smooth out the artificial undulations, while the ‘Tarmac’ suspension stiffens up the Legacy’s struts and springs and encourages more of a ‘bounce’ when landing heavily on hard surfaces.

If you are using a lot of grass runways in a given FSX session we recommend switching on the ‘grass’ suspension setting. As well as changing the suspension settings, this will also change the wheel touchdown sounds so that you do not get an unrealistic ‘chirp’ when landing on grass when the tires contact the ground.

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FREE-CASTORING NOSEWHEEL

Small, fairly simple aircraft such as the Legacy are often fitted with what is known as a ‘free-castoring’ nosewheel. This means the nosewheel is not linked directly to the rudder pedals but instead can freely rotate. To steer while taxiing an aircraft with a free-castoring nosewheel, you need to use differential braking. On the takeoff run, you initially steer with differential braking and then as airspeed increases and the rudder becomes effective, you steer with the rudder pedals. This option is more realistic for an aircraft like the Legacy, but it requires that you have a set of rudder pedals that include differential braking controls. If you don’t have such a set of rudder pedals, then disable this feature. With this setting disabled you can steer while taxiing with normal rudder pedal control.

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PANEL PAGE

The Legacy V2 Panel Page

VC MOUSE INTERACTION SETTINGS

These setting allow you to select how you would prefer to interact with the various switches and dials in the Legacy cockpit. See the ‘Operating the Radios and Gauges’ section of this guide for detailed information on these settings.

INSTRUMENT LIGHT BRIGHTNESS

This slider will set the default brightness for the instrument light dimmer. Whenever you load the Legacy V2, the instrument light dimmer will be set to this value.

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PANEL LIGHTS

When you enable this feature the Legacy V2 will load with the panel lights switched on. This gives improved shading on the virtual cockpit panel, which due to FSX lighting limitations can look very dark at times, even during the middle of the day. If you do not like this and would prefer the lights to be off when you load the Legacy, set this feature to ‘disabled’.

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GPS & RADIOS PAGEThis page allows you to setup the radio and GPS panel to your exact liking. On this page you can select which GPS to install into the aircraft, and how the individual radios will be arranged on the panel.

The GPS & Radios page of the Config Panel

GPS INSTALLATION

This section allows you to select your GPS installation. It allows you to choose between ‘No GPS’, the default FSX ‘GPS 500’ and the following third party GPS gauges:

Flight1 GTN 750, Flight1 GTN 650, Reality XP GNS 530 and Reality XP GNS 430

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The Config Panel automatically detects which of these third party GPS gauges you currently have installed. You can only install either of these third party gauges if they are currently installed on your PC. If you do not have any of these gauges installed you will only be able to select the ‘No GPS’ and ‘default GPS 500’ options.

Reality XP do not sell a version of their GNS gauges that are compatible with FSX SE. For this reason you cannot install Reality XP GNS gauges into the FSX SE version of the Legacy V2.

The Flight1 GTN gauges are sold separately by Flight1 (see www.flight1.com for more information). The Reality XP GNS gauges are sold separately by Reality XP (see www.reality-xp.com for more information). We have no connection with either Flight1 or Reality XP and cannot provide support for any of their products.

You will see one or two drop down boxes allowing you to select your exact GPS installation. You will only see the second drop down box if the first GPS selected can be installed alongside a second GPS.

You cannot install two GPSes from two different developers (eg a GTN 750 and GNS 530, or a GTN 750 and GPS500). This avoids any possible conflict between the different GPS types, because each developer uses different methods for interacting with the panel avionics.

Please see the ‘Flight1 GTN 750/650’, ‘Reality XP GNS 530/430’, and ‘Default GPS 500’ sections of this guide for more information.

GPS 500 OPTIONS

If you choose to install the default GPS 500, you will be presented with a couple of options. The first is whether the GPS will load in the on or off state. Select the option you prefer.

The second option is whether or not you would like ‘Auto CRS’ enabled. This controls how the HSI course needle behaves when it is being controlled by the GPS. When the HSI is being controlled by the GPS (Nav/GPS switch set to GPS), and with ‘Auto CRS’ enabled, the HSI course needle will automatically move to the GPS course (DTK) bearing. With ‘Auto CRS’ disabled, the HSI course needle must be manually set to match the GPS course bearing. The latter is more realistic for an aircraft like the Legacy.

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OPTIONAL SEPARATE RADIOS

If you choose to install a Flight1 GTN or Reality XP GNS gauge, you can choose whether or not to install ‘optional separate radios’.

The GTN and GNS gauges contain built-in nav/com radios. So when either of these types of GPS gauges are installed it is not necessary to install a separate nav/com radio. Despite this you can choose to install a separate nav/com radio anyway. Many people find the separate radios quicker and easier to tune, and some prefer the look of the panel with more radios installed.

If you have selected the GTN 750 or GTN 650, you can also choose whether or not to install a separate transponder radio. The GTN 750 and GTN 650 each have in-built transponder radios so a separate transponder is not required, but as with the nav/com radios you can choose to install one anyway.

The GTN 750 has an in-built audio panel, so if you install a GTN 750, you cannot choose to install a separate audio panel. This avoids conflicts between the GTN 750’s audio panel and the stand-alone audio panel.

If you install two GTN 750s into the panel, then you do not have the option to install any separate Nav/Com gauges or a separate transponder gauge. This is simply because the Legacy does not have room for these extra gauges when two GTN 750s are installed.

RADIO PANEL LAYOUT

This section allows you to quickly and easily arrange the radio layout to your exact liking. If you would like to rearrange the radios, simply click on the radio you would like to move, and while holding your left mouse button down drag it to a new location. The other radios will organise themselves as you move each radio. Any radio or GPS can be placed in any position. The only limitation is due to the physical height of the panel. The Legacy’s radio layout is arranged into two columns. If you try to install too many radios into either column, the bottom-most radio will move across to the emptier column, ensuring that the radio layout chosen will always fit on the Legacy’s panel. The Legacy panel doesn’t have much room on the right hand column, so the larger gauges such as the GTN 750s and GPS 500 cannot be moved across to the right hand side of the panel.

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REALVIEW PAGE

The RealView page of the Config Panel

The RealView page of the Config Panel allows fine control over many of the custom animations that are included with the Legacy V2.

For more information on each of the RealView animation effects, please view the dedicated ‘RealView’ section of this guide.

Each slider controls the strength of each of the RealView animation effects. Moving a slider to the right will make the effect it controls more obvious. Moving any one of the sliders to the left will make the effect more subtle, and moving a slider all the way to the left will completely disable that particular animation effect.

To reset all of the sliders to default settings, press the ‘Restore Defaults’ button.

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A note on ‘shimmering’: The ‘Ground roll vibration’ and ‘Engine vibration on ground’ effects both move the entire cockpit relative to the pilot’s eye-point. This can cause some items in the cockpit to appear to ‘shimmer’ as they quickly vibrate back and forth. Moving either of these two sliders to the right will tend to exaggerate this shimmering. Shimmering is an unwanted by-product of the way FSX renders 3D objects on the screen. Increasing your video card’s anti-aliasing (AA) settings can significantly reduce this shimmering. Most modern video cards can comfortably run 4x AA with little to no drop in framerates, and higher settings than this will reduce shimmering even further. But it is extremely important to not set AA so high that it reduces framerates, because low framerates will make the Legacy (and any FSX aircraft) handle poorly. If you don’t like this shimmering and would prefer to keep AA settings low, you can opt to turn off the ‘Ground roll vibration’ and ‘Engine vibration on ground’ altogether.

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SOUNDS PAGE

The Sounds page of the Config Panel

SPOILER MOTOR SOUNDS

This setting will enable or disable the sounds heard when the spoilers are opening or closing. It will not disable the wind sounds heard when the spoilers are open.

This setting has been provided for those who wish to use an analogue controller to operate the spoilers.

We do not recommend using an analogue controller for the spoilers in the Legacy because the real aircraft uses a simple on/off switch to completely open or completely close the spoilers.

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OXYGEN PAGE

The Oxygen page of the Config Panel

HYPOXIA SIMULATION

This setting will enable or disable the hypoxia simulation. For detailed information on the hypoxia simulation please see the ‘Oxygen and Hypoxia’ section of this guide.

OXYGEN SWITCH ON LOAD

This setting affects whether the pilot oxygen will be on or off whenever the Legacy is loaded in FSX.

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PILOT FITNESS

The fitter your pilot then the higher you will need to fly before the effects of hypoxia (oxygen starvation) will take effect. You will also need to fly for longer before noticing the effects of hypoxia. For detailed information on the hypoxia simulation and how it is effected by pilot fitness, please see the ‘Oxygen and Hypoxia’ section of this guide.

HEAVY BREATHING

As you gain altitude and the air becomes thinner, it becomes harder and harder to breathe. With ‘heavy breathing’ enabled, you will hear the sound of the pilot struggling to get enough air into his lungs. The volume of this sound will increase the higher you fly, and will also get louder prior to loss of consciousness from the effects of hypoxia. With ‘heavy breathing’ disabled, you will never hear this sound.

OXYGEN TANK SIZE

This setting affects the size of the oxygen tank. The small tank will take about 50mins to run out at 25,000ft, the medium tank will take about 2 hours, and the large tank will take about 10 hours. The rate at which the oxygen depletes increases as you climb - all tanks will last longer at lower altitudes, and shorter at higher altitudes.

Please note, whenever you load the Legacy, the oxygen tank will be returned to 100% capacity.

For detailed information on the system, please see the ‘Oxygen and Hypoxia’ section of this guide.

TROUBLE-SHOOTING THE CONFIG PANELPlease go to the ‘Trouble-Shooting - Config Panel’ section on page 119 for information on how to solve any Config Panel problems you may encounter.

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PANEL

Pilot’s panel featuring 3D gauges and switches

PANEL LAYOUT

The layout of the RealAir Legacy panel represents a well-equipped real-world Legacy equipped with mostly analogue gauges. While some Legacys are equipped with more contemporary “glass” gauges we chose what are known as “steam” or “traditional” gauges for a number of reasons. Firstly we feel that analogue gauges are more readable in a simulator since glass gauges require frequent zooming in to see the detail required for navigation. Secondly, conventional gauges are in our opinion not only less complex to use, but they also offer an aesthetically more satisfying look. There is a third reason: glass gauges significantly reduce computer performance and frame rate.

The layout we chose places the “sacred six” gauges all within view of the left seat

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pilot in an array that is easy to see. The placing of the RMI on the far right hand side was a difficult decision but on balance we felt that in most countries GPS navigation is starting to overtake the use of ADF navigation.

On the lower left of the panel are all the main switches for battery, lights, pitot heat, fuel pump and spoilers. At the lower centre are the throttle, prop and mixture controls together with the fuel selector and the aileron and rudder trims. These trims are easy to use by clicking the left and right portions of the switches with the left mouse buttons, and a right click anywhere on these switches will return the trims to zero.

The VM1000C all-in-one engine monitor to the right of the panel displays all the information you need related to engine parameters, fuel management, and electrical system monitoring.

VM1000C engine monitor, pilot oxygen gauge and Hobbs meter.

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IFR NAVIGATION

The RealAir Legacy is fully equipped for IFR flight, having an array of radio navigation gauges including an HSI, VOR2, RMI (which can track both VOR and NDB stations) and DME. The autopilot can be used to track VOR stations, GPS waypoints, and can capture and track the glideslope on ILS approaches.

If you own either a Flight1 GTN or RXP GNS GPS unit, we’ve made it easy for you to integrate these into the Legacy panel. The GTN and GNS units will fully integrate into the panel allowing you to track GPS waypoints via the HSI, and the autopilot can also be slaved to the GTN or GNS units. Please see the sections on GTN and GNS add-on gauges and their use in the Legacy elsewhere in this document.

Main IFR instruments

WHY NO 2D PANELS?

RealAir Simulations was one of the first developers to abandon the old-style traditional ‘2D panels’ in FS9, FSX, and now P3D. Our reasoning was this: We make our 3D virtual cockpits and panels so smooth, efficient and life-like that there is simply no need for the old style ‘2D panels’.

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We give you options in our various views to focus in on a ‘fixed’ 3D view just like the traditional panels used to appear in flight simulator. But the difference is that our 3D panels are sharper, clearer and run more smoothly than any of the older style panels, thus making ‘2D panels’ in our aircraft entirely redundant.

If you are new to this concept we urge you to compare and see the difference! Not only can you pan, zoom and position yourself wherever you choose, but you can also cycle through many view options, some of which are ‘fixed’ views that enable you to concentrate on the task in hand. For more information see the Views sections of this guide.

The Legacy’s gauges are all created as 3D objects with animated parts, in exactly the same way a 3D modeller would create a retractable undercarriage, aileron or flap for a FSX aircraft. This means that the gauges are not only truly three dimensional, but the needle movement is tied in to your core flight simulator frame rate to give the smoothest gauge animation possible. For example, if you are able to run FSX at 30 frames per second then your gauges will update at 30 fps. If you can run FSX at 90fps then the gauges will also update at 90fps. In effect this means the gauge animations appear completely smooth.

By contrast the gauges in older virtual cockpits are made as two dimensional gauges which are then applied to flat surfaces on the VC panel. Gauges made in this way are limited to a maximum of 18 fps but in practice they often refresh at an even lower rate than that, so they tend to appear jerky in their movement.

VIEWS

NAVIGATING YOUR WAY AROUND THE PANEL

There are a number of methods by which you can zoom in on a portion of the panel in order to see more detail. The first and most obvious is to use the standard pan and zoom keys in FSX, but that is not always the quickest or easiest approach. In the sections below we detail the other navigation methods you can use in our Legacy.

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The custom throttle and fuel selector view

CUSTOM VC VIEWS

In the Legacy virtual cockpit, there are multiple custom VC views that can be accessed by pressing the ‘A’ key to cycle between these custom views. For example when you first load the Legacy, FSX defaults to the main pilot VC view (left seat). If you wish to jump to the co-pilot’s seat, press the ‘A’ key. This view is very useful, for example, when making right hand turns on to a final approach, where the co-pilot has a better view.

For the other views press ‘A’ key yet again, or to reverse the cycle of views, press ‘Shift A’. These focus more closely on a number of fixed views in order to see various functions, gauges and switches. Every switch or function has at least one view where you can see and use the relevant control.

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DISABLING THE VC VIEW CLICK-SPOTS

If you are a Track-IR user or prefer not to have this feature, it can be disabled via the Legacy’s Config panel. To do this open the Config Panel, go to the ‘Graphics Options’ page and select ‘Disable VC-view click-spots’.

VC VIEW CLICK-SPOTS

The Legacy VC panel features hidden click-spots to make it easy to jump between the various camera VC views. The image below shows where each click-spot is located and the legend below this image explains the function of each click-spot.

Left-click to jump to the ‘IFR Main Instruments’ view. Right-click to jump to the main VC view.

Left-click to jump to the ‘Radios’ view. Right-click to jump to the main VC view.

Left-click to jump to the ‘Right Seat’ view. Right-click to jump to the main VC view.

Left-click to jump to the ‘Throttle and VM1000C’ view. Right-click to jump to the main VC view.

Left-click to jump to the ‘VM1000C Closeup’ view. Right-click to jump to the main VC view.

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VC VIEW KEYBOARD SHORTCUTS

To make navigating the extra VC camera views even easier, you can assign keyboard shortcuts within FSX. By default two key commands are already set, they are as follows:

F9: Jump to the main VC view. F10: Jump to the ‘IFR Main Instruments’ view.

ASSIGNING KEYBOARD SHORTCUTS TO JUMP BETWEEN VC VIEWS

You can add keyboard shortcuts for some of the other Legacy VC views, but it is necessary to manually add these shortcuts via the FSX control assignment menu. This is done as follows:

è In FSX, navigate to ‘Options/Settings/Controls’. è Click on the ‘Buttons/Keys’ tab. è In the Assignments box, under the Event heading, scroll down until you see ‘View Camera 5 (Select)’. You need to assign keys to this event plus the four events below it. Specifically these events are attached to the following Legacy VC camera views:

View Camera 5 (Select): ‘Radios’ view. View Camera 6 (Select): ‘Throttle and VM1000C’ view. View Camera 7 (Select): ‘Right Seat’ view. View Camera 8 (Select): ‘VM1000C Closeup’ view. View Camera 9 (Select): ‘2D Panel’ view.

You can assign a keyboard or joystick button shortcut to any of these events by selecting the event and pressing the ‘New Assignment’ button. We recommend assigning keyboard numbers 5 through 9 for the events above. That way, when you press (for example) ‘5’ on your keyboard you’ll jump to the Co-pilot view, and so on. For additional help on assigning keys read the FSX help documents.

Please Note: These view assignments are global across all aircraft, so any changes you make here could potentially affect other aircraft in FSX. That is why we haven’t mapped keyboard shortcuts to these events for you. This is a limitation of the FSX view system.

Please also note: There is a limited number of events to map views to, so not all of the Legacy’s camera views can have keyboard shortcuts assigned to them. We have chosen to map the events above to the most important views for general

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flying. The other views can still be accessed by cycling through the VC views with the ‘A’ key.

Some information on the unused ‘View Camera x’ events: The FSX view system is very limited. ‘View Camera 0’ doesn’t work - this appears to be an FSX bug. ‘View Camera 1’ through to ‘View Camera 4’ are assigned to other views by default, for example, ‘View camera 4’ is assigned to the exterior top-down view. This left us with only 5 views to assign to the Legacy’s extra VC views, and we can only work within the constraints of FSX.

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MOUSE INTERACTION

MOUSE WHEEL

All of the switches, knobs and levers in the Legacy can be controlled by your mouse wheel.

è Rotate the mouse wheel forwards to move a switch or lever up, or to rotate a knob or wheel clockwise.

è Rotate the mouse wheel aft to move a switch or lever down, or to rotate a knob or wheel anti-clockwise.

The mouse wheel can be used at all times, no matter which of the mouse interaction methods you have chosen in the Legacy Config Panel.

CLICK-DRAG MOUSE INTERACTION

By default, all of the instruments in the Legacy’s VC feature a click-drag mouse interaction technique unique to RealAir’s FSX and P3D aircraft. It works as follows:

For on/off switches: Simply click on the switch as usual.

For rotary adjustment knobs: For example, the HSI course knob, plus many more:

è To INCREASE the value: Left-click and drag UP. è To DECREASE the value: Left-click and drag DOWN.

For rotary knobs with an inner and an outer knob:

For example, the tuning knobs on the nav/com radios.

è To rotate the INNER KNOB anti-clockwise: LEFT-click and drag UP. è To rotate the INNER KNOB clockwise: LEFT-click and drag DOWN.

è To rotate the OUTER KNOB anti-clockwise: RIGHT-click and drag UP. è To rotate the OUTER KNOB clockwise: RIGHT-click and drag DOWN.

In practice the click-drag method works as follows: To tune the nav or com WHOLE digits, LEFT click and drag on the knob. To tune the nav or com FRACTION digits, RIGHT click and drag on the same knob.

This might sounds a little complicated from the above description, but to actually use you’ll find it quite simple, intuitive, fast and precise. It allows the radios in

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particular to be adjusted in a realistic way. No more searching for invisible mouse click areas, waiting for the mouse cursor to change. No more clicking on the radio numbers when in real life you turn a knob to tune the radio. No more waiting for values to slowly increase — the faster you drag the faster the values change. If you haven’t tried this mouse interaction in any previous RealAir aircraft, we encourage you to give it a try.

If you find you are experiencing difficulty adjusting instruments in the VC when the camera view is moving around due to turbulence or g effects, switch to a differ ent VC view using the ‘A’ key.

All of the zoomed in views have the camera movement effect turned off to facilitate easy instrument mouse clicks (see the Views section for detailed information).

LEFT-CLICK/RIGHT-CLICK MOUSE INTERACTION

Rather than the click-drag method described above, you can choose to use a more conventional left-click/right-click mouse interaction technique in the VC.

To enable this option, go to the ‘Panel Options’ page of the Legacy Config Panel and select the appropriate options on the right hand side of the page.

The left-click/right-click mouse interaction method works as follows:

For on/off switches: Simply click on the switch as usual.

For rotary adjustment knobs: For example, the HSI course knob, plus many more:

è To INCREASE the value—right click. è To DECREASE the value—left click.

For knobs with an inner and an outer knob (eg the nav/com tuning knobs), you need to position the cursor over either the inner or outer knob to affect each knob.

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Click and drag, or use your mouse wheel to move the power levers

MOVING THE ENGINE LEVERS WITH THE MOUSE

To move the throttle, propeller or mixture levers, left-click on the lever you want to move and drag your mouse up or down while holding the mouse button down. You can also use your mousewheel - to do this hover the cursor over the lever you want to move and rotate the mousewheel. Please note if you have a joystick control set to operate any of these controls, it will often take control of the lever to a point where the mouse controls cannot be used.

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VC DETAILS

CANOPY

The Canopy can be opened by pressing ‘Shift-E’ or clicking on the canopy handle which is located between the left and right seat back-rests. If you open the canopy while moving, or with the engine running you will hear the wind rushing past the open canopy. If you accelerate from standstill with the canopy open it will gradually lower as the air pressure pushes it down. If you leave it open in flight it will remain slightly raised, and will also move up or down in response to g loads.

VC GAUGE SHIMMERING

You may notice a slight ‘shimmering’ on the VC gauges. This is an unwanted by-product of their high resolution graphics. This can be reduced by increasing anti-aliasing and anisotropic filtering in your graphics driver control panel. Increasing these values has a very positive effect on FSX graphics in general, including the scenery, but it will reduce your framerates. See the ‘Setup Guide - Video card settings’ section on page 23 of this guide for more information.

VIRTUAL COCKPIT LIGHTING

If the virtual cockpit panel appears too dark you can switch on the lights. To turn on the panel and gauge back-lighting, click on the ‘Panel Lights’ switch next to the cockpit lights switch or press ‘Shift-L’.

A feature of the panel and gauge back-lighting in the RealAir Legacy is that it works at all times, day or night, as it would in real life. In contrast the back-lighting in most other FSX aircraft only works at night time.

VIRTUAL COCKPIT


LEGACY V2 FOR FSX

Instrument back lighting can be dimmed

VIRTUAL COCKPIT

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INFORMATION ON GAUGES AND SWITCHESMost switches and gauges in the Legacy V2 will be familiar to experienced sim or real world pilots. However there are some switches and gauges whose functions aren’t immediately obvious. On the following pages you’ll find information on some of these gauges and switches:

MISCELLANEOUS

INSTRUMENT LIGHT DIMMER

The brightness of the instrument lights can be adjusted using the dimmer knob on the VC panel. This knob is located directly above the airspeed indicator. The dimmer will adjust the brightness of all of the lit gauges - when the ‘panel lights’ switch is on, it will adjust the brightness of the various mechanical gauges, and it will control the brightness of the various digital and LCD gauges even when the panel lights switch is off (because those instruments are always lit).

SPOILER CONTROLS

The spoilers are controlled by a simple on/off switch on the main panel. They do not have a proportional control like you would see in a sailplane or larger aircraft. For this reason we do not recommend using an analogue controller to operate the spoilers in the Legacy.

CIRCUIT BREAKERS

The circuit breakers are located on the far right of the panel. These are all non-functional in FSX, because FSX does not allow functioning circuit breakers.

ALTERNATE AIR

Pulling out this lever will provide an alternate air source for the engine’s induction system. The alternate air source takes air from within the engine cowling, and is only used if the normal air source becomes blocked (for example a blocked air filter). Do not use the alternate air source unless it is absolutely necessary.

GAUGES AND SWITCHES


LEGACY V2 FOR FSX

ANNUNCIATORS

MAIN ANNUNCIATOR PANEL

The main annunciator panel in the Legacy is located directly above the radio stack. The labels are mostly self explanatory. To test that all annunciator lights are working, press and hold the small grey spring-loaded button in the centre, toward the bottom of the annunciator. All annunciator lights on each unit should light for as long as you keep the mouse button held down. The screenshot below shows how the annunciators will look while the annunciator’s test button is being pressed.

Main annunciator panel, directly above the radio/GPS stack

MASTER WARNING

The Master Warning annunciator is located directly above the airspeed indicator. It will light whenever one of the red ‘warning’ messages on the main annunciator panels are lit. It will initially flash for ten seconds before becoming permanently lit. It will stay on for as long as the warning message it is alerting you to (on the main annunciator panel) remains lit. You can switch the Master Warning annunciator off by pressing it with your mouse button, after which it will stay off until such time as a new warning message lights on the main annunciator panel.

WARNING SOUND

Whenever the master warning annunciator is triggered, you will hear a short beep alerting you to the problem.

GAUGES AND SWITCHES


LEGACY V2 FOR FSX

VM1000C ENGINE MONITOR

ABOUT THE VM1000C

The VM1000C is an all-in-one engine monitor. It is used to monitor all of the engine, electrical and fuel parameters on a single screen. It replaces all of the analogue engine and electrical gauges you would normally see in a light aircraft such as the Legacy.

VM1000C Engine Monitor

STARTUP ANIMATION

When you switch on the master battery the VM1000C comes to life. You’ll need to wait a few seconds while it runs through its startup routine.

GAUGES AND SWITCHES


LEGACY V2 FOR FSX

VM1000C FUNCTIONS EXPLAINED

Manifold Pressure: In the top left you’ll see a manifold pressure indicator. This includes a bar graph for quick scans and a digital readout for setting the exact manifold pressure (in Hg).

RPM: In the top right you’ll see the RPM indicator. Like the manifold pressure it includes a digital readout and a bar graph to aid quick scanning.

EGT: On the second row down on the left is the Exhaust Gas Temperature (EGT) readout. It includes a bar graph for each cylinder as well as a digital readout of the hottest cylinder’s EGT in degrees Fahrenheit. This readout is useful when leaning the engine at altitude.

TIT: Between the EGT and oil pressure readings, and directly above the OAT reading, you will see a readout for the Turbine Inlet Temperature. This readout will only be visible when you have the turbocharged engine option enabled in the Legacy Config Panel.

Oil Temperature and Pressure: On the second row in the middle you’ll find oil temperature and pressure with both bar graphs and digital readouts.

Electrical System: On the second row on the right you’ll find a display showing the electrical system’s voltage and amperage.

CHT: In the bottom left you’ll find the Cylinder Head Temperature (CHT) display. This includes a bar graph for each cylinder as well as a digital readout showing the hottest cylinder’s temperature in degrees Fahrenheit.

Fuel System: On the bottom row in the middle is the fuel system display, showing both fuel flow in Gallons Per Hour (GPH) on the left and fuel pressure in PSI on the right.

Fuel Quantity: In the bottom right you’ll find the fuel quantity display, showing the left fuel tank’s quantity on the left and the right fuel tank’s quantity on the right. This display reads in gallons

OAT: Finally, nestled between the CHT display and the fuel system display, and quite easy to miss, is the Outside Air Temperature (OAT) display measured in degrees Celsius. This value is useful for setting the true airspeed calibration on the airspeed indicator. It measures in degrees Celsius (rather than Fahrenheit) so it can be used for this purpose.

GAUGES AND SWITCHES


LEGACY V2 FOR FSX

VM1000C WARNING MESSAGES

The real beauty of the VM1000C is that it makes it very hard to not notice when one of the engine or electrical system readings goes outside safe limits. When this happens “WARN” flashes at the top of the VM1000C display, the bar graph of the indicator that has gone outside limits flashes, the master warning annunciator on the main panel will start flashing, and you will hear an audible warning beep. An engine reading will need to go outside safe limits for at least a couple of seconds before it will trigger the master warning light/beep. This is to stop unnecessary warnings when readings go outside limits for only an instant (this can happen when throttling up quickly on the turbo engine, for example).

VM1000C Warning Alert

GAUGES AND SWITCHES


LEGACY V2 FOR FSX

ANGLE OF ATTACK (AOA) INDICATOR

The AOA indicator, directly to the left of the airspeed indicator

ABOUT THE AOA INDICATOR

Directly to the left of the airspeed indicator is the angle of attack indicator. This provides a visual representation of the angle of the wings relative to the air that is flowing past them. This is an extremely useful gauge in that it can tell you, among other things, how close the wing is to a stall situation no matter how fast you are flying, how many g you are pulling, or if the flaps are up or down. Most pilots are used to using airspeed to judge how close the wings are to stalling - but airspeed will only be a reliable indicator of how close you are to a stall when flying at 1g (ie straight and level), and at one wing loading. If the aircraft is significantly heavier, or the aircraft is pulling some g (for example in a turn) then the wings will stall at a higher airspeed. In contrast, a wing will stall at about the same angle of attack no matter what the airspeed, weight or g load.

With a little practice the AOA Indicator can be used to replace the airspeed indicator as the primary indicator for judging the final approach and landing speed.

GAUGES AND SWITCHES


LEGACY V2 FOR FSX

USING THE AOA INDICATOR

The green, yellow and red bars give a visual readout of the angle of attack. When the green, yellow and red bars are visible, it indicates a very safe angle of attack, when only the yellow and red bars are visible, it indicates the wings are getting close to the stall angle of attack, and when only the red bars are visible, it indicates the wings have exceeded the stall angle of attack.

When the flaps are lowered, you will see a green circle in the middle of the AOA indicator. When the flaps are raised you will only see a black spot.

Below the coloured AOA bars you will see a numerical readout - this indicates AOA as a percentage - 0 matching the zero lift AOA, and 100 matching the maximum stall AOA. Below these numbers you will see a horizontal white line when the gear is down and locked. This white line will disappear when the gear is raised.

Two bars down from the yellow bars you will see a green bar with a small gap in the middle. This is calibrated to match the ideal approach angle of attack for the aircraft the gauge is fitted to. To fly an approach using only the AOA indicator, trim the elevator to maintain the AOA at this value. You will find the airspeed will be very close to the typical approach airspeed, but the advantage of using the AOA gauge is that when you turn, or if you are flying at a high weight, or if you have the flaps up or down, the AOA will be a more reliable indicator of approach speed. In practice, it is best to maintain a slightly lower AOA on final approach - the calibrated approach AOA is good for maintaining the minimum approach speed, ideal for short landings or landings over obstacles, but most of the time it is better to fly at a slightly lower AOA to give a better view forward and to provide a higher safety margin in case of engine problems. With a little practice you’ll find you only use the airspeed indicator on landing to double check that the AOA readings are correct.

GAUGES AND SWITCHES


LEGACY V2 FOR FSX

In the image above, the AOA reading on the left shows a very low, safe angle of attack (notice the high airspeed). The AOA reading on the right shows the AOA at the ideal approach angle of attack - notice the small gap in the middle of the lowest green bar - this indicates that this bar is the calibrated approach angle of attack. Notice also the black spot in the middle of the gauge - this indicates that the flaps are up (airspeed is a little high for approach, that is because the flaps are up). Notice also on the left hand image there is no white line below the numbers - this indicates the gear is raised. On the right and in the images below there is a white line visible below the numbers - this indicates the gear is down and locked.

In the image above, the AOA reading on the left shows the angle of attack at the ideal approach angle, and the green circle is illuminated in the middle of the gauge indicating that the flaps have been lowered. Notice how much lower the airspeed is compared to the top right image on this page - that is due to the lowered flaps. The AOA reading on the right in the image directly above shows the wing is very close to a stall. Unless you were deliberately trying to stall the wing (to enter a spin for example) this reading tells you to immediately lower the angle of attack by pushing forward on the stick and/or increasing power.

GAUGES AND SWITCHES


LEGACY V2 FOR FSX

TRUE AIRSPEED CALCULATOR

ABOUT TRUE AIRSPEED

The airspeed indicator needle displays Indicated Airspeed (IAS). Indicated airspeed is very useful to a pilot when flying an aircraft but cannot be used for navigation purposes. True Airspeed (TAS) is the speed at which an aircraft is moving relative to the air that surrounds it. As you gain altitude True Airspeed becomes much higher than Indicated Airspeed.

USING THE TAS CALCULATOR

The Legacy’s airspeed indicator has a basic True Airspeed calculator. To use it, turn the black knob at the right of the ASI until the number on the moving white card at the top matching your altitude is in line with the current Outside Air Temperature (OAT) directly above it. There is an OAT reading on the VM1000C (see below).

Calculating True Airspeed

The above example shows the white card at the top set to an altitude of “8”, (meaning 8000 ft) lined up with the “0” on the scale above it (corresponding to an OAT of 0 deg C). The needle now points to an indicated Airspeed of 220 knots while the white bordered value shows a True Airspeed of 245 knots.

GAUGES AND SWITCHES

LEGACY V2 FOR FSX

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USING THE DEFAULT GPS 500

VIRTUAL COCKPIT GPS

By default, at the centre of the Legacy panel is the standard FSX GPS 500 screen placed inside a custom 3D surround, with back-lit 3D knobs and buttons. Functionally it is exactly the same as the default 2D FSX GPS except the left and right arrows used to navigate the default FSX 2D GPS have been replaced with the RealAir click-and-drag mouse control feature as used on all the rotary knobs in the Legacy VC.

The default GPS 500. The Nav/GPS switch can be seen below the autopilot

2D POPUP GPS

You can access the default 2D FSX GPS by pressing ‘Shift-2’ or by clicking on the GPS screen in the VC.

STANDARD GPS


LEGACY V2 FOR FSX

ON/OFF CONTROL

You can switch off the GPS if required by clicking the on/off switch on the left side of the unit (the small knob marked with a small c).

NAV/GPS

Immediately above the airspeed indicator you will find the NAV/GPS toggle switch. If this switch is set to ‘Nav’ then the HSI and autopilot will be slaved to the Nav 1 radio. If this switch is set to ‘GPS’ then the HSI and autopilot will be slaved to the GPS. This switch is only visible when the GPS500 is selected as your GPS.

AUTO CRS

When the HSI is being controlled by the GPS (Nav/GPS switch set to GPS), and with ‘Auto CRS’ enabled, the HSI course needle will automatically move to the current GPS course. With ‘Auto CRS’ disabled, the HSI course needle must be manually set to match the GPS course bearing. The latter is more realistic for an aircraft like the Legacy.

SHIMMERING

The VC mounted GPS screen can appear to ‘shimmer’. If this gets very annoying you can switch off the GPS or you can modify the FSX VC view to remove the momentum effect (head movement). Visit the various FSX user forums for advice.

STANDARD GPS


LEGACY V2 FOR FSX

MOUSE INTERACTION

LEFT-CLICK/RIGHT-CLICK KNOB OPTION

Place the mouse over the knob you want to move (inner or outer) and then:

è To rotate the knob anti-clockwise: Right-click. è To rotate the knob clockwise: Left-click.

CLICK-DRAG MOUSE INTERACTION

As an alternative to the left/right click method, you can choose to navigate the GPS using our click-drag technique. To select this option, go to the “Panel Options” page of the Legacy’s Config Panel. This method works as follows:

è To rotate the INNER KNOB anti-clockwise: LEFT-click and drag UP. è To rotate the INNER KNOB clockwise: LEFT-click and drag DOWN.

è To rotate the OUTER KNOB anti-clockwise: RIGHT-click and drag UP. è To rotate the OUTER KNOB clockwise: RIGHT-click and drag DOWN.

è To operate the GPS cursor, left-click quickly on the inner knob.

MOUSE WHEEL

You can use the mouse-wheel to rotate the knob, you just need to position the cursor over either the inner or outer knob to do this. You can also use the mouse-wheel to rotate the knob in the desired direction.

CURSOR CONTROL

è To operate the GPS cursor, middle-click on the inner GPS knob or left-click just to the left of the GPS knob (see image below).

Left-click to operate the GPS crsr control

Middle-click to operate the GPS crsr control

STANDARD GPS

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FLIGHT1 GTN 750/650

ABOUT THE FLIGHT1 GTNFlight1 Software sell a very realistic recreation of the real world Garmin GTN 750 and GTN 650. These gauges are almost exactly the same to use as their real world counterparts, and are considerably more capable and more realistic than the default FSX GPS 500.

If you own either the Flight1 GTN 750 or GTN 650, you can choose to use these units in place of the standard FSX GPS 500. Integration of the Flight1 GTN units is all handled by the Legacy V2 Config Panel.

You can install one or two of the same GTN units into the VC panel (2 x GTN 750s shown)


LEGACY V2 FOR FSX

FLIGHT1 GTN INSTALLATION

IMPORTANT INFORMATION

Before setting up the Legacy to use either or both of these gauges, it is important to understand the following:

è The Flight1 GTN 750 and/or GTN 650 must be bought separately. Neither the Flight1 GTN 750, nor the Flight1 GTN 650 are included as part of the Legacy V2 package.

è Before setting up the Legacy V2 to use the Flight1 GTN 750 and/or GTN 650, you must have one or both of these gauges installed in FSX.

è You need to use the Legacy V2 Config Panel to install the Flight1 GTN gauges into the Legacy V2. Following this initial setup you can then use the Flight1 GTN Config program to modify the various GTN settings (more on this below).

è Flight1 sell the GTN 750 and GTN 650 separately. If you buy and install only the GTN 750, then you can only install the GTN 750 into the Legacy V2. If you buy and install only the GTN 650, then you can only install the GTN 650 into the Legacy V2. If you buy both, and install both into FSX, only then can you install both units into the Legacy V2.

INSTALLING A GTN GAUGE INTO THE LEGACY

1. If you haven’t done so already, install the Flight1 GTN 750 and/or GTN 650 into FSX (see notes in section above), using the installer provided by Flight1.

2. Install the RealAir Legacy V2 (you have probably done this already).

It is not important whether you install the Legacy V2 first or the GTN 750/650 first. All that matters is they are both installed into FSX.

3. Open the Legacy V2 Config Panel and navigate to the ‘GPS & Radios’ page.

4. Click on the ‘Select GPS’ drop down box and select ‘Flight1 GTN 750’ or ‘Flight1 GTN 650’.

5. You have the option of installing a second GTN gauge either of the same type or if you own both the GTN 750 and the GTN 650, one of each. Once you have chosen the first GTN gauge, a drop down box will appear that allows you to select the second GTN gauge.

FLIGHT1 GTN 750/650


LEGACY V2 FOR FSX

6. Select whether you would like separate nav/com radios installed using the show/hide nav/com button. Select whether you would like a separate transponder installed by pressing the show/hide transponder button.

7. To finish configuring your GTN installation, you can rearrange the position of the GTN gauges as well as the other radios by using the ‘Rearrange Panel Layout’ screen on the right hand side of the GPS & Radios page.

8. Click the Save button (bottom right) and exit the Config Panel. Now when you load the Legacy V2 in FSX the Flight1 GTN gauges will be configured according to your selection.

Please Note: The Legacy V2 Config Panel will only allow you to install whichever Flight1 GTN gauges are currently installed onto your computer.

If you have neither the Flight1 GTN 750 nor the GTN 650 installed into FSX, then you will not see an option to install either of these gauges.

USING THE FLIGHT1 GTN CONFIG PROGRAM

Once the above steps have been completed the Flight1 GTN gauges will be installed into your Legacy V2 using default GTN settings. You can either leave it this way and go fly the Legacy V2, or you can now use the Flight1 GTN config program to alter the GTN gauge settings to your liking. There are some limitations - you must use the Legacy V2 Config Panel to select the actual panel layout and install the gauges into the Legacy V2, and you must use the Flight1 GTN config program to alter the actual GTN settings. The Flight1 config program can alter such settings as 2D GTN popup window size and position, which radios each gauge controls, and so on (see Flight1 GTN documentation for more info).

FLIGHT1 GTN 750/650


LEGACY V2 FOR FSX

USING THE GTN 750/650 IN THE LEGACY

BACK-LIGHTING

The custom 3D knobs and buttons are all backlit. The back-lighting is tied to the panel lights. To turn the back-lighting on or off, switch the panel lights on or off.

MOUSE INTERACTION

When installed into the Legacy’s 3D panel, these gauges work identically to how they work when installed into a 2D panel (or pop-up window). The only difference is the buttons and knobs are modelled in 3D. All of the default click-spots and mouse interaction methods are retained. For example—left click to turn a knob anti-clockwise, right click to turn a knob clockwise, and so on. See the documents accompanying the Flight1 GTN gauges for more information.

2D POP-UP

To see a 2D pop-up of the GTN units, click on the lower left hand edge of the GTN gauge, press ‘Shift 2’ to open the first GTN gauge, or press ‘Shift-3’ to open the second GTN gauge (if installed). See the documents accompanying the Flight1 GTN gauges for more information on the exact location of the popup click spots.

NAV/GPS SWITCH

The GTN units take control of the Nav/GPS switch, so with the Flight1 GTN units installed there is no separate nav/gps switch on the Legacy’s panel, instead there is a button on the GTN unit to make this selection. See the Flight1 GTN documentation for more information on how to make this selection.

FLIGHT1 GTN OPTIONS

The Legacy V2 Config Program is only for integrating the Flight1 GTN gauges into the Legacy V2. For setting various options on the Flight1 GTN gauges themselves, please use Flight1’s own Config program. For information on how to do this please view the documentation accompanying your Flight1 GTN gauges.

FLIGHT1 GTN 750/650


LEGACY V2 FOR FSX

AUTO DTK OR MANUAL DTK?

Previous versions of the RealAir Config Panel had an option to select between ‘Auto-DTK’ or ‘Manual DTK’. We chose to remove this option in the new Legacy Config Panel because it could cause conflict with the ‘Auto-CRS’ setting in Flight1’s own Config program. To switch between Auto DTK and manual DTK, open the Flight1 GTN Config program and locate the ‘Auto CRS’ option. For information on how to do this please view the documentation accompanying your Flight1 GTN gauges.

SEPARATE NAV/COM RADIOS

You have the option of installing separate nav/com radios to accompany the nav/com radios built in to the GTN gauges. In real life it is very unlikely that you would have separate nav/com radios installed alongside the GTN units, but we chose to provide this option because many people find the separate nav/com radios to be quicker and easier to tune.

SEPARATE TRANSPONDER

You also have the option of installing a separate transponder radio to accompany the transponder radios built in to the GTN gauges. In real life it is very unlikely that you would have a separate transponder radio installed alongside the GTN units, but we chose to provide this option because many people find the separate transponder to be quicker and easier to tune.

WHAT HAPPENED TO THE AUDIO PANEL?

The GTN 750 has a dedicated page for controlling all audio functionality, so the dedicated audio panel is not required. The GTN 650 does not have this functionality, so the audio panel remains when there is only a GTN 650 installed.

FLIGHT1 GTN 750/650


LEGACY V2 FOR FSX

TROUBLE-SHOOTING

FLIGHT1 GTN VERSION COMPATIBILITY

To avoid potential problems please make sure you are using the most up-to-date version of the Flight1 GTN gauges currently available (see Flight1 website).

Please visit the ‘Trouble-Shooting - Flight1 GTN Integration’ section on “Flight1 GTN Integration” on page 123 of this guide for more information on specific F1 GTN integration problems and their solutions.

CUSTOMER SUPPORT

We cannot offer any support on matters relating to the operation or installation of the Flight1 GTN 750/650 gauges—you will need to get in touch with Flight1 regarding these matters. We can only offer support on Flight1 GTN/RealAir Legacy VC integration issues.

FLIGHT1 GTN 750/650

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REALITY XP GNS 530/430

ABOUT THE REALITY XP GNSReality XP sell a very realistic recreation of the real world Garmin GNS 530 and GNS 430. These gauges are almost exactly the same to use as their real world counterparts, and are considerably more capable and more realistic than the default FSX GPS 500.

If you own the Reality XP GNS 530 or GNS 430, you can choose to use these units in place of the standard FSX GPS 500. Integration of the Reality XP units is all handled by the Legacy V2 Config Panel.

Legacy VC panel with a Reality XP GNS 530 and GNS 430 installed


LEGACY V2 FOR FSX

REALITY XP GNS INSTALLATION

IMPORTANT INFORMATION

Before setting up the Legacy to use either or both of these gauges, it is important to understand the following:

è The Reality XP GNS 530 and/or GNS 430 must be bought separately. Neither the Reality XP GNS 530, nor the Reality XP GNS 430 are included as part of the Legacy package.

è Before setting up the Legacy to use the Reality XP GNS 530 and/or GNS 430, you must have one or both of these gauges installed in FSX.

è We recommend using the Legacy Config Panel to install the RXP gauges into the Legacy. Following this initial setup you can then use the RXP Configurator to modify the various RXP settings.

è Reality XP sell the GNS 530 and GNS 430 separately. If you buy and install only the 530, then you can only install the 530 into the Legacy. If you buy and install only the 430, then you can only install the 430 into the Legacy. If you buy both, and install both into FSX, only then can you install both units into the Legacy.

è You can only use two of the same GNS units on one panel if you have purchased the RXP Unlimited pack. If you don’t have this pack then you can only have one 530, one 430 or one 530 plus one 430.

è Cross-fill is only available if you have purchased and installed the RXP Unlimited pack. This is because the RXP gauges only support cross-fill with the unlimited pack installed, which is something we at RealAir have no control over.

INSTALLING A REALITY XP GNS GAUGE INTO THE LEGACY

1. If you haven’t done so already, install the Reality XP GNS 530 and/or GNS 430 into FSX (see notes in section above), using the installer provided by Reality XP.

2. Install the RealAir Legacy V2 (you have probably done this already).

Please note: It is not important whether you install the Legacy V2 first or the GNS 530/430 first. All that matters is they are both installed into FSX.

3. Open the Legacy V2 Config Panel and navigate to the ‘GPS & Radios’ page.

FLIGHT1 GTN 750/650


LEGACY V2 FOR FSX

4. Click on the ‘Select GPS’ drop down box and select ‘Reality XP GNS 530’ or ‘Reality XP GNS 430’.

5. If you own both the RXP GNS 530 and GNS 430, or if you own the RXP Unlimited pack, you will have the option of installing a second RXP GNS gauge. Choose this second GNS by clicking on the ‘Select GPS 2’ drop down box.

6. Select whether you would like separate nav/com radios installed using the show/hide nav/com button.

7. To finish configuring your GNS installation, you can rearrange the position of the GNS gauges as well as the other radios by using the ‘Rearrange Panel Layout’ screen on the right of the GPS & Radios page.

8. Click the Save button (bottom right) and exit the Config Panel. Now when you load the Legacy V2 in FSX the Reality XP gauges will be configured according to your selection.

Please Note: The Legacy Config Panel will only allow you to install whichever RXP GNS gauges are currently installed onto your computer.

If you have neither the Reality XP GNS 530 nor GNS 430 installed into FSX, then you will not see an option to install these gauges.

USING THE RXP CONFIGURATOR

Once the above steps have been completed the RXP gauges will be installed into your Legacy V2 using various default RXP settings. You can either leave it this way and go fly the Legacy, or you can now use the RXP configurator to alter the GNS gauge settings to your liking. There are some limitations - you must use the Legacy V2 Config Panel to select the actual panel layout and install the gauges into the Legacy, and you must use the RXP Configurator to alter the actual RXP settings (whether to have audible warnings, etc etc).

FLIGHT1 GTN 750/650


LEGACY V2 FOR FSX

USING THE RXP GNS GAUGES IN THE LEGACY

BACK-LIGHTING

The custom 3D knobs and buttons are all backlit. The back-lighting is tied to the panel lights. To turn the back-lighting on or off, switch the panel lights on or off.

MOUSE INTERACTION

When installed into the Legacy’s 3D panel, these gauges work identically to how they work when installed into a 2D panel (or pop-up window). The only difference is the buttons and knobs are modelled in 3D. All of the default click-spots and mouse interaction methods are retained. For example—left click to turn a knob anti-clockwise, right click to turn a knob clockwise, middle click to enable the cursor, etc etc. See the documents accompanying the Reality XP GNS 530/430 for more information.

You may notice when using the VC-mounted GNS gauges that the custom Reality XP cursors flash when you move the cursor. This is normal and is related to the way FSX renders the cursors on the VC panel.

We’ve found the screens look best on the VC panel with the brightness turned down slightly.

2D POP-UP

To see a 2D pop-up of the GNS units, click on the GNS screen or press ‘Shift 2’. The custom 3D knobs and buttons are all backlit. The back-lighting is tied to the panel lights.

NAV/GPS SWITCH

The GNS units take control of the Nav/GPS switch, so with the Reality XP GNS units installed there is no separate nav/gps switch on the Legacy’s panel, instead there is a button on the GNS unit itself to make this selection. See the Reality XP GNS documentation for more information on how to slave the panel avionics to the GNS or nav radios.

FLIGHT1 GTN 750/650


LEGACY V2 FOR FSX

RXP GNS OPTIONS

The Legacy V2 Config Program is only for integrating the RXP gauges into the Legacy V2. For setting various options on the RXP GNS gauges themselves, please use Reality XP’s own Configurator program. For information on how to do this please view the documentation accompanying your RXP GNS gauges.

AUTO DTK OR MANUAL DTK?

Previous versions of the RealAir Config Panel had an option to select between ‘Auto-DTK’ or ‘Manual DTK’. We chose to remove this option in the new Legacy Config Panel because it could conflict with the ‘Auto-CRS’ setting in Reality XP’s own Configurator program. To switch between Auto DTK and manual DTK, open the RXP Config program and locate the ‘Auto CRS’ option. For information on how to do this please view the documentation accompanying your RXP GNS gauges.

CROSS-FILL

Previous versions of the RealAir Config Panel had an option to set GNS cross-fill settings for owners of the RXP Unlimited pack. This doubled-up on a setting that can be made using RXP’s own Config program, so we chose to remove this option from the Legacy V2 Config program. To set cross-fill, please use the RXP Config program. For information on how to do this please view the documentation accompanying your RXP GNS gauges.

SEPARATE NAV/COM RADIOS

You have the option of installing separate nav/com radios to accompany the nav/com radios built in to the GNS gauges. In real life it is very unlikely that you would have separate nav/com radios installed alongside the GNS units, but we chose to provide this option because many people find the separate nav/com radios to be quicker and easier to tune.

FLIGHT1 GTN 750/650


LEGACY V2 FOR FSX

TROUBLE-SHOOTING

REALITY XP GNS VERSION COMPATIBILITY

To avoid potential problems please make sure you are using the most up-to-date version of the Reality XP gauges currently available. Older versions of the gauge can cause some minor, and some major issues.

FSX VERSION COMPATIBILITY

The Reality XP GNS gauges require either FSX SP2, or FSX Acceleration to be installed to work properly with the Legacy V2.

The RXP gauges will not work with FSX Steam Edition.

Please visit the ‘Trouble-Shooting - Reality XP Integration’ section on page 123 of this guide for more information on specific RXP integration problems and their solutions.

CUSTOMER SUPPORT

We cannot offer any support on matters relating to the operation of the Reality XP GNS 530/430—you will need to get in touch with Reality XP regarding these matters. We can only offer support on Reality XP GNS/RealAir Legacy VC integration issues.

FLIGHT1 GTN 750/650

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OXYGEN AND HYPOXIA

HYPOXIA

ABOUT HYPOXIA

As you gain altitude the air gets thinner, making it harder and harder to breathe. Above a certain altitude the air will become too thin to provide your body with enough oxygen to function properly. If you continue to fly above this altitude without supplemental oxygen, you will gradually succumb to the effects of oxygen starvation, also known as ‘hypoxia’.

The effects of hypoxia are subtle at first and resemble the effects of mild alcohol intoxication. As it gets worse, you start to lose muscle coordination and your field of vision narrows. One of the most dangerous aspects of hypoxia is that you lose your critical faculties, so you may not be aware of how much danger you are in. If corrective action isn’t taken and your body continues to be starved of oxygen, you will gradually lose consciousness altogether. You may become unable to safely control the aircraft before you completely lose consciousness.

HYPOXIA VS ALTITUDE

The time it takes before you can no longer fly the aircraft as a result of oxygen starvation reduces as altitude increases. Without supplemental oxygen at 15,000ft, a fit young pilot will take around thirty minutes or more to lose the ability to control the aircraft, while at 35,000ft the same pilot will only take about 30 to 60 seconds to lose control of the aircraft.


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TIME OF USEFUL CONSCIOUSNESS

Time of useful consciousness is defined as the amount of time an individual is able to perform flying duties efficiently in an environment of inadequate oxygen supply. It is the period of time from the interruption of the oxygen supply or exposure to an oxygen-poor environment to the time when useful function is lost, and the individual is no longer capable of taking proper corrective and protective action. It is not the time to total unconsciousness.

These times have been established from observations over a period of years and are for an individual at rest. It is important to note that these times are for a fit, young person. As fitness reduces and age increases, these times will be reduced.

ALTITUDE TIME OF USEFUL CONSCIOUSNESS15,000 FT MSL 30 MINUTES OR MORE

18,000 FT MSL 20 TO 30 MINUTES



28,000 FT MSL 2.5 TO 3 MINUTES


35,000 FT MSL 30 TO 60 SECONDS

Time of Useful Consciousness table

HYPOXIA SIMULATION IN THE LEGACY V2

We have simulated the effects of hypoxia in the Legacy V2. When you fly at an altitude where the air is too thin to provide an adequate oxygen supply to your virtual lungs, and you have supplemental oxygen switched off, you will hear a heavy breathing sound as your virtual self struggles to breathe. This will be quite subtle at first but as you continue to climb the heavy breathing will get louder and louder. If you ignore this warning sign, your vision will gradually darken and you will find it harder and harder to control the aircraft. If you continue to ignore these signs, the heavy breathing will get even louder, your vision will go completely black and you will completely lose the ability to control the aircraft. When this happens

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your virtual self has lost consciousness and there is no way to regain control of the aircraft - you have passed the point of no return and a serious crash is now inevitable.

This being a simulation, the results of course aren’t too bad - to regain control of the aircraft all you need to do is reload the Legacy V2 and your virtual self will be completely healed.

The time it takes to get to the point where you can longer control the Legacy will approximately match the times given in the ‘Time of useful Consciousness’ table above. It is important to note that these times are meant as a guide only, there are many factors that will affect how long it takes to lose consciousness, but generally speaking you should find the times above are quite close to what you will experience in the Legacy V2.

HYPOXIA AND PILOT FITNESS

In the Legacy V2 Config Panel, on the ‘Oxygen’ page, you will find a slider marked ‘pilot fitness’. This will affect the altitude at which your virtual self will start to succumb to the effects of hypoxia.

When this slider is set to ‘fit’, the time it takes to lose control of the Legacy at any given altitude will approximately match the times given in the ‘Time of Useful Consciousness’ table. At this setting the Legacy’s virtual pilot can safely fly up to approximately 12,500 ft before he has difficulty breathing.

When this slider is set to ‘very unfit’, your virtual pilot will respond as though he is approximately 4,000 ft higher than he is - so he will start to find it hard to breathe at only 8,500 ft.

As an example, if your ‘very unfit’ pilot was flying at 18,000 ft, it will take him the same time to lose control as the time given for 22,000 ft in the ‘Time of Useful Consciousness’ table above. So using the table above - a ‘fit’ pilot will take 20 to 30 minutes to lose control at 18,000 ft, while a ‘very unfit’ pilot will take only 5 to 10 minutes to lose control at 18,000 ft.

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OXYGEN SYSTEM

ABOUT THE OXYGEN SYSTEM

The Legacy V2 includes a supplemental oxygen system to allow you to fly at high altitudes without succumbing to hypoxia. It is a very simple system comprising an oxygen tank that is filled prior to flight, with the oxygen delivered via an oxygen mask.

OXYGEN SYSTEM GAUGE

On the far right hand side of the panel you will see the oxygen gauge. In the middle is a large white switch - this turns the oxygen supply on or off. On the left of the gauge is a column of green lights - these give a visual reading of the oxygen tank quantity (see image below).

On the right hand side of the gauge are two warning lights - at the top is an amber light that lights when you are above 12,500 ft - this is considered the altitude above which oxygen is essential. At the bottom is a red light that indicates a fault in the oxygen system - this light should remain off at all times unless there is a fault in the system.

Please note - there is no light on the oxygen gauge to tell you whether or not the oxygen system is switched on. However there is an annunciator light on the main annunciator panel that lights when the oxygen system is on (see section below).

Oxygen gauge quantity lights

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OXYGEN ANNUNCIATORS

There are three lights on the main annunciator panel relating to the oxygen system:

The oxygen system annunciators

Oxygen Reqd. Short for ‘oxygen required’ - this annunciator lights whenever you fly above 12,500 ft pressure altitude with the oxygen system switched off. If this warning lights, it will trigger the master warning annunciator and you will hear the master warning alarm. Switching the oxygen system on or descending below 12,500 ft pressure altitude will turn this warning light off. Note - ‘pressure altitude’ is not necessarily the same as indicated altitude.

Oxygen Qty. Short for ‘oxygen quantity’ - this annunciator lights in amber when the oxygen tank quantity is low, and turns red when the oxygen tank is empty. When it turns red, the master warning will illuminate and you will hear the master warning alarm.

Oxygen On. This annunciator will light in a green colour whenever you switch on the oxygen system. If the oxygen system is still on when you switch off the engine on the ground, then this annunciator will light in an amber colour, warning you that the oxygen system needs to be switched off prior to exiting the aircraft.

USING THE OXYGEN SYSTEM

Using the oxygen system is tremendously easy - simply switch the oxygen system on when flying at altitude. If you have the ‘pilot fitness’ slider set to ‘fit’ or above, you don’t need to switch the oxygen on until you see the ‘oxygen reqd’ annunciator at about 12,000ft or above. If you have the slider set to anywhere less than ‘fit’ then you will need to turn on oxygen before this altitude. As a rule of thumb, if you turn

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oxygen on whenever you are flying above 8,000ft that will ensure your virtual pilot always has the oxygen he needs. The heavy breathing sound is another indicator that you need to switch the oxygen on - if at any time you hear the heavy breathing sound it means your virtual pilot is struggling for air and the oxygen system needs to be turned on.

AVOIDING LOSS OF CONSCIOUSNESS DUE TO HYPOXIA

If you ignore the various warning signs while flying at altitude you will start to feel the effects of hypoxia. This will start with the screen subtly darkening. When it gets to a severe state the screen will darken, then lighten (as if you were getting drowsy and starting to fall asleep). The controls will start to move around and when you do apply a control input the aircraft will become increasingly difficult to control. You will also hear the heavy breathing sounds get louder. When you start to see, hear and feel these effects, it means your state of hypoxia has become severe. If you take immediate action by switching on the oxygen supply or rapidly descending to a safe altitude you may be able recover and continue flying, but it all depends on how bad you have let things get and how quickly you take corrective action. Usually if things get to this point you won’t be able to recover by descending, because your condition will continue to worsen until such time as you get below a safe altitude, and you probably don’t have enough time for that - you will probably completely lose consciousness before arriving at a safe altitude. If instead of descending you switch on the oxygen supply then you will most likely regain control, but you will need to wait a short period for the oxygen to get into your system before you completely recover.

In our simulation, a totally black screen in VC view indicates you have lost consciousness, at which point all you can do to avoid a crash is reload the Legacy.

To avoid a loss of consciousness, the trick is simply to take corrective action before things get too bad, so basically turn on the oxygen early, or if you have run out of oxygen, descend as soon and rapidly as possible. The turbocharged version of the Legacy can fly as high as 35,000ft, and at that altitude if the oxygen system fails or runs out, you have only seconds to initiate an emergency descent. If in this situation you don’t descend immediately and rapidly, there is a very real chance you won’t have enough time to get to a safe altitude.

If you never want to have to deal with the effects of hypoxia in the Legacy, then you can simply disable the hypoxia simulation (see section below).

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OXYGEN SYSTEM OPTIONS

HYPOXIA SIMULATION

This setting will enable or disable the hypoxia simulation. When enabled you will need to manage your oxygen supply to avoid loss of consciousness (see pages above), and when set to disabled you will never have to think about your oxygen supply - you will be able to fly as high as you like for as long as you like with no ill effects (as is the case in most simulator aircraft).

PILOT FITNESS SLIDER

This slider adjusts how high and for how long your virtual pilot can fly before suffering from oxygen starvation (hypoxia). For detailed information on this setting please see the ‘Pilot Fitness’ section on page 84 above.

Please note: this option will only be available when ‘Hypoxia Simulation’ (see above) is enabled.

HEAVY BREATHING

This setting will enable or disable the heavy breathing sounds heard when flying at altitude with the oxygen system switched off. When set to ‘disabled’, you will never hear the heavy breathing sounds under any circumstances.

Please note: this option will only be available when ‘Hypoxia Simulation’ (see above) is enabled.

OXYGEN SWITCH ON LOAD

This will set the state the oxygen switch is in whenever the Legacy is loaded.

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OXYGEN TANK SIZE

This setting sets the size of the oxygen tank, which affects how long you can fly with the oxygen system switched on. The rate at which oxygen is consumed depends on the altitude at which you are flying, so the time that each tank lasts will also depend on the altitude at which you are flying.

ALTITUDE SMALL TANK MEDIUM TANK LARGE TANK5,000 FT 6 HOURS 15 HOURS 78 HOURS

10,000 FT 4 HOURS 10 HOURS 48 HOURS

15,000 FT 2 HOURS 5 HOURS 26 HOURS

20,000 FT 65 MINS 2.7 HOURS 14 HOURS

25,000 FT 50 MINS 2 HOURS 10 HOURS

Oxygen tank duration vs altitude (approximate)

Small Tank. The small tank size simulates the very small oxygen tanks often seen in two place kit aircraft such as the Legacy. When using the small tank you need to manage the oxygen supply carefully, and be sure to monitor the tank quantity when flying at higher altitudes. If the tank does run out, you will need to descend very quickly to avoid the effects of hypoxia (see sections above).

Medium Tank. The medium tank has been sized so that you still need to monitor the oxygen supply on longer flights, but you don’t need to spend as much attention to it as you would with the small tank.

Large Tank. This tank is similar to the tank you would see fitted to an aircraft such as the Cirrus SR22 - that is to say unusually large for an aircraft of the Legacy’s size. Use this tank if you want to use the oxygen system but don’t want to experience the bother of running out of oxygen on a long flight. With this tank you effectively never have to think about oxygen quantity because your fuel tanks will be empty well before the large oxygen tank is empty.

REFILLING THE OXYGEN TANK

The oxygen tank quantity is not saved between flights, so to refill the oxygen tank, simply reload the Legacy and it will be back to 100% capacity.

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TURBOCHARGED ENGINE OPTION

ABOUT THE TURBO ENGINE

Included in the Legacy V2 package is an optional turbocharged engine. This variant is based on the competition/racer versions of the Legacy seen at places like the Reno Air Races. Some of these variants carry turboprop engines, while others have turbocharged piston engines. Our variant is a turbocharged piston engine producing over 400 hp and on full power can produce a remarkable 300+ knots cruise at 8,000 feet and above. The climb rate now far exceeds the normally aspirated Legacy and the ceiling is beyond the normal limit of 18,000 ft - although higher than 12,000 ft is of course not recommended without oxygen!

SWITCHING BETWEEN TURBO AND NATURALLY ASPIRATED

If you wish to fly either the normal or turbo variant this option is available via the Legacy config panel. If chosen, the option applies the turbocharged engine to all liveries within the package, including the additional liveries we have now included, so the turbo variant is not dependent on an given livery. To change the engine power, simply pause the simulator, open the config panel and enable or disable the turbo option, then quickly reload the Legacy using the standard FSX key - “Aircraft(reload)” or the P3D equivalent - “Reload Vehicle”. There is no need to exit the sim and the operation can be done in seconds, even while you are flying the Legacy. There is also no need to load another type of aircraft. Simply reload and the change is instant.

MANAGING POWER

When flying the turbo variant, care has to be taken when applying power to prevent overspeed of the manifold pressure limit which is indicated on the VM1000C engine management display. The maximum manifold pressure for the turbo engine has been extended to 38.5 inches. It is easy to exceed this limit with aggressive use of the throttle!


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The turbo engine is capable of over 38” manifold pressure

TURBO LEGACY PERFORMANCE VALUES

The table below shows expected performance values for the turbocharged Legacy when using full available power at standard temperature and pressure for a given altitude. Please note that these values are an approximation and it would be rare to cruise with full available power in the real aircraft. Thus the values indicated below are a reflection of the maximum performance possible.

ALTITUDE POWER RPM IAS TASSEA LEVEL 38.3” HG 2400 RPM 254 KT IAS 254 KT TAS

5,000 FT 38.3” HG 2400 RPM 254 KT IAS 269 KT TAS






Turbo Legacy performance at max power vs altitude

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CUSTOM 3D LANDING LIGHTS

ABOUT THE 3D LANDING LIGHTS

The Legacy V2 includes custom 3D modelled landing lights that actually light the terrain rather than cover the terrain in a white wash (as the default landing lights do). This method of creating landing lights was first pioneered by Mike Johnson of Lotus Sim in his wonderful L39 and has since been used by many other developers.

Custom 3D landing lights

3D LANDING LIGHT BRIGHTNESS

The nature of these lights means they will look brighter or darker depending on the lightness or darkness of the surface they are shining on. On very dark grey runways they will look quite dim but on lighter grey runways they will look nice and bright. If you use a product like REX to set your runway textures we recommend setting the runways to one of the lighter grey options to really bring out the best in the Legacy’s landing lights.

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3D LANDING LIGHT LIMITATIONS

With these landing lights it is possible to produce much better and more atmospheric landing lights overall, but there are some limitations that cannot be avoided. The biggest limitation occurs in low visibility when the edges of the textures that produce the landing light become visible when they should be invisible. This results in big square polygons being visible on the ground in front of the aircraft when near the ground and in low visibility. We have to stress that this is a problem that is present in all aircraft with this method of lighting, and it appears to be an insurmountable limitation of this form of landing light. We have been able to reduce the severity of this problem to the point where the big square polygons are only visible at early dusk and late dawn in low visibility (less than 5 miles) - at all other times the landing lights appear natural. To do this, we needed to set the landing lights to become visible at a very low height in low visibility, that is to say the lower the visibility then the lower you need to be to the ground before the landing lights become visible. In high visibility the lights will become visible at quite a high altitude. This is not ideal but we believe it is the best compromise possible given the limitations of FSX in this regard. In real life, if you were flying in very low visibility the landing lights would only be reflecting the fog back at you, so we believe this is an acceptable compromise.

DEFAULT LANDING LIGHTS

OPTION TO USE DEFAULT LANDING LIGHTS

In the Legacy V2 Config Panel you will find an option to use the default FSX style landing lights rather than our custom 3D landing lights. This has mainly been provided as a solution to disappearing VC click-spots.

Some users of our FSX aircraft have reported experiencing disappearing VC click-spots, which means they aren’t able to click on any of the gauges or controls in the VC. We and other developers have found that removing custom 3D landing lights from an aircraft’s 3D model fixes the problem for most users. That is the only reason we have provided this option in the Legacy V2.

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The Legacy makes for a wonderful touring aircraft

FLYING THE LEGACY

INTRODUCTION

The Legacy is a delight to flying, being fast and stable and relatively easy to fly. It has a very broad range of abilities - on one hand it is capable of basic aerobatics, on the other it can be flown purely on instruments with no reference to the outside world. The following section provides general guidelines and tips for flying the Legacy through its entire envelope within FSX.

CHECKLISTS

For checklists and performance figures, please see the separate ‘Pilot’s Checklists’ document, accessible via the Legacy Config panel or from within FSX via the pilot’s kneeboard.

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GENERAL FLYING TIPS

START-UP

To start the Legacy, first apply the parking brakes. Switch on the master battery and then switch the fuel pump on for a few seconds. The real-world Legacy fuel pump is extremely loud and though we have somewhat reduced its volume in this simulation, you might still find it irritating. It was a difficult decision whether to reduce the volume further but in the interests of authenticity we did leave it at a reasonably realistic level. Thankfully you can switch off the pump for normal operation after a few seconds before starting the engine.

Magneto/engine start key on far-left

Check that the mixture control is closed (mixture full rich), the prop control is fully forward and the throttle set to idle. Place your mouse over the ignition key. A small “hand” will appear. To start, drag the hand with the left mouse button down and pull to the right, or if you have a different mouse interaction option set in the Config Panel, right click to turn the key to the right or left click to turn it to the left. After cycling through the three magneto positions the starter will engage at full right position. We have set the starter sequence so the Legacy does not always guarantee a start first time, just as in the real aircraft. You may have to make two attempts before firing up the engine, especially if it is cold. IMPORTANT: If you are starting the engine at an airfield that is significantly higher than sea level, you may have to lean the mixture by pulling the red mixture lever out a little. This is normal. In the unlikely event that the engine does not start after repeated manual attempts, you can use the standard FSX keys to ensure start-up. By default this is “CTR E”.

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TAXI

Once you have started, taxi to your runway using modest amounts of throttle. The RealAir Legacy comes with two options for ground steering - a “free-castoring” nosewheel and a nosewheel connected directly to the rudder pedals. This option is set via the Legacy Config Panel before you start FSX. If you have no rudder pedals, but you have a twist grip on your joystick, set “free-castoring nosewheel” to “disabled”. If your rudder pedals include brake pedals then you can optionally choose to enable the “Free-castoring nosewheel”. This is how it is in the real Legacy and allows you to steer on the ground by using left or right braking. We have designed the flight model so that a little burst of throttle will create enough airflow for the rudder to steer even at quite slow speeds without the use of differential brakes. Or you can use a combination of rudder and brakes.

DIFFERENTIAL BRAKING TIPS

In long, airliner type of aircraft there is sufficient wheel-base length to make differential braking quite easy. In smaller GA aircraft where the wheel-base is extremely small, slight differences in differential braking pressure can lead to the aircraft squirrelling to the right and left, seemingly out of control. The only way to fully address this is to reduce overall braking strength, but that results in the aircraft not stopping quickly enough under ground braking.

A way round this involves one or both of two options: Firstly, you can slightly reduce the pedal toe brake sensitivity in the calibration menu of FSX. Too much reduction in sensitivity can lead to milder brakes but that could mean you over-run the available runway length. Another method is to use the brakes in a different way. Start by using just a little braking and try to keep absolutely equal pressure with both feet, then concentrate on adding exactly equal pressure with both feet. The most sensitive point is half braking strength, where one foot pressing just a tiny amount more than the other can result in an unequal force which turns the aircraft sharply. One way to overcome this is to start by applying full brakes, and if your pedals are correctly calibrated this should result in perfectly equal brake force on each side.

When using toe brakes it is essential that your calibration is correct on both sides. To do this perform a windows/control panel/devices or other software calibration and check that the sliders in the calibration window show both pedals moving equally for a given movement.

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Your toe braking will improve after a few dedicated practice runs, concentrating on exactly on even pressure all the way from mild to strong braking.

BEFORE TAKE-OFF

Before take-off, set two notches of flaps, then set your trim to be approximately 33%. This value appears if you have “tooltips” enabled in FSX and you hover your mouse over the elevator trim gauge (and almost all the other gauges on the Legacy panel). The trim gauge green indicator will show this value approximately as illustrated below:

Arrow points to the elevator trim indicator

Depending on fuel and payload, you might have to experiment with this trim position. We never recommend strictly set trim levels because it is unrealistic to do so where varying levels of fuel and pilot/baggage loads are selected. Generally speaking up-trim should be always used for take off.

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TAKE-OFF AND CLIMB

When lined up for take off, slowly increase the throttle until maximum power is achieved. At sea level you might see the power LED display flash which tells you that you have exceeded the maximum fuel flow or maximum Manifold Pressure. If this happens you can very slightly reduce power on take off. Likewise, if you have set your weather to be hot (above say 85 degrees Fahrenheit) you may see a temperature warning on your engine instruments. Again, slightly reduce power so the LED indicator shows safe temperature.

Legacy cockpit during a typical climb

The take-off run is extremely brisk and you can expect to rotate within 14 seconds from standstill. Lancair recommend rotating at just after 65 knots indicated. Rotate slowly, as doing so abruptly can result in an immediate stall. For safer take-off you can opt to rotate at 70-75 knots and this will enable a smoother lift off with little risk of a stall when fully loaded. After take-off, retract the landing gear and when at a safe speed select flaps up. Even fully loaded you should expect between 2,000 and 2,200 feet per minute climb rate with full power at sea level and in

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some cases, especially with a lighter fuel or pilot load, you might see a remarkable 2,400 fpm, or if the ambient temperature is very cold. In hotter weather the climb capability will be reduced.

Keep an eye on your temperatures on the VM1000C engine gauge to the right of the panel. The LED indicators accurately present all the information you need to keep the engine at optimum performance.

As you climb you will have to gradually lean the fuel mixture to maintain available power, but in this simulation we have eliminated the need to pull the red mixture control level back to the exaggerated amount required by some of the default FSX piston engined aircraft. To save engine wear you can also reduce the propeller rpm by slowly pulling the blue prop lever back. Please refer to Flight Simulator’s learning centre for information about constant speed prop control. The Legacy is very flexible regarding propeller rpm but the general rule is that prop rpm should be roughly “squared”, or a similar value to the Manifold Pressure which will also decrease slowly as you climb.

CRUISE

The Legacy is capable of phenomenal cruise speeds for its class.

310 hp naturally-aspirated engine: With the naturally-aspirated engine fitted, typically you will see 240 knots true airspeed or more at 8,000 feet and 75% power.

Note: 75% power does not mean throttling back to a perceived 75%, it refers to 75% of the maximum available sea-level power. Above 2,000 feet the Legacy’s manifold pressure will gradually decay as you climb, and 75% power is the approximate power available at the optimum cruising altitude of 8,000 feet with the throttle lever fully forward. The Legacy’s ceiling is 19,000 ft but for practical purposes and best economy you can elect to cruise at up to 15,000 ft for better fuel efficiency. But the optimum cruise height for speed is approximately 8,000 ft.

400 hp turbocharged engine: The turbocharged piston engine on full power can produce a remarkable 300+ knots cruise at 8,000 feet and above. The climb rate far exceeds the normally aspirated Legacy and the ceiling is beyond the normal limit of 18,000 ft - although higher than 12,000 ft is of course not recommended without oxygen! Maximum power can be maintained to a higher altitude thanks to the turbocharger compensating for the reduced air pressure as altitude increases.

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Typical fast cruise with the 310 hp naturally-aspirated engine

Reducing RPM with the propeller lever: Most single prop aircraft in FSX show a marked reduction in performance when reducing propeller rpm during the climb and cruise. While there will be a slight reduction in performance with reduced rpm, we feel FSX exaggerates these differences. As far as was possible, we have addressed this issue by reducing the amount by which performance falls off when selecting lower rpm. In the RealAir Legacy, cruising at a typical 2400 rpm will only show a few knots difference in speed compared with 2700 rpm, rather than the default reduction of up to 25% in airspeed.

For more information about typical power settings please refer to the checklists document.

GENERAL HANDLING

Despite the semi-aerobatic capabilities of the RealAir Legacy, it can also be flown with very sensitive finesse for the most subtle manoeuvring in the circuit (pattern) or on long journeys. The stick is very responsive yet very controllable. The roll rate can be as high as 360 degrees (a full roll) in just over three seconds at a suitable airspeed, or you can fly in pitch and roll as though the Legacy was a heavier aircraft, by using small and subtle movement of the stick. The Legacy is, we hope, our finest aircraft yet in terms of control and aerodynamics.

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SPOILERS

The Lancair Legacy has a very powerful engine with correspondingly high power to weight ratio, together with a very low drag airframe and wings. This means that in level flight speed will build very quickly and be quite hard to bleed off when approaching an airfield for a landing. In order to assist here, the Legacy is fitted with powerful spoilers to aid deceleration. They are deployed by using the white spoiler switch on the panel. We recommend you try a few approaches without the spoilers to experience the slippery nature of the Legacy’s airframe. This quality will encourage you to plan well ahead when approaching an airfield.

Please Note: The Legacy’s spoilers are designed ONLY to be deployed by using the panel spoiler switch or by pressing “/” on your keyboard because they should be 100% open or 100% closed with no increments in between. Thus they should not be used with a lever if you have one in use for this purpose on other aircraft. When you use a lever, the spoiler motor sounds won’t match the spoiler movement at all. If you simply must use a lever to control the spoilers, you can disable the spoiler motor sounds via the Legacy V2 Config Panel.

Descending with spoilers deployed

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DESCENT AND LANDING

As we have explained above, the Legacy is a low-drag aircraft. This means that not only can it cruise at high speed, but this also means that it is reluctant to lose speed even at idle throttle, especially when descending. Add to this the necessity to prevent shock cooling of the engine as you descend by avoiding idle power, and it can be quite difficult to descend steeply without the airspeed increasing to unwanted levels. So your descent to an airfield needs to be planned in advance, unless of course you “cheat” by using the spoilers! At idle throttle a descent rate of more than a thousand feet or so per minute will result in unwanted acceleration. To deploy the spoilers press the spoiler switch on the panel or press the “/” key on your keyboard and the spoilers will open fully.

Legacy on final approach

It can sometimes be more satisfying to practice approaches without the need to deploy the spoilers as this helps to build engine and speed management skills.

When approaching an airport you should reduce speed to below 132 knots before extending the landing gear or using the first flap stage. We recommend you drop the landing gear as soon as possible when close to an airfield as this will provide enough drag to prevent unwanted acceleration. With a typical load of say 50% fuel

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and two pilots, gradually add flaps notch by notch until the speed drops to 100-110 knots. With full flaps and gear down you should achieve a 500-600 feet per minute descent rate with a power settings of around 12-15 inches manifold pressure when trimmed out. You can shoot a final approach on full flaps as slow as 80-85 knots, but we recommend you opt for a higher speed of 90 or even 100 knots until very close to the runway threshold as this gives a better safety margin and also enables a better view over the nose.

With full flaps and idle power, the Legacy will decelerate quickly so there is no need to approach low and slow which requires a lot more up trim and restricts your view.

Aim to be over the threshold at 85 knots, or perhaps less if you are loaded very lightly, then gently flare and hold the Legacy a couple of feet above the runway with landing assured before cutting the throttle. Lancair recommends that you do not abruptly cut the throttle at this point because lift can be lost quite quickly if you do so. The rudder is powerful enough to keep straight with very small rudder input and the brakes are powerful enough for rapid deceleration.

Note: For more detailed information about power and propeller settings please see the section in this document on specifications and performance.

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MANAGING SPEEDSThere is somewhat of a myth that handling high-powered light aircraft is difficult, or complicated, or requires specialised documents in order to safely operate and manage these craft. In fact the same broad rules apply as they do to almost any other light aircraft. Many simulator enthusiasts seem to think that a package is not complete without hundreds of pages of detailed performance charts. In fact it is not necessary to possess such documents in order to safely manage the Legacy. What is required is a careful application of sensible skills relating to all aspects of flying, engine management and particularly the landing phase in order to avoid pitfalls like stalling inadvertently or approaching at excessive speed, two of the most common cause of Legacy accidents.

The most important concept to grasp is that the Legacy’s laminar flow wing provides the opportunity to go fast almost effortlessly but also can stall in a steep turn or on approach with little notice. While use of the spoiler/speed brake is not necessary, it can get you out of trouble when descending steeply. A well managed descent can also be flown without the spoiler. More important is that the circuit or pattern airspeeds are critical in order to maintain safe approaches. The four stage flaps are very useful also in containing runaway speed, but conversely they, like the spoilers, can quickly reduce airspeed to a critical state without careful monitoring on the approach.

Comparing the Legacy to a typical single engined GA aircraft like a small Piper or Cessna, the rule of thumb is that every stage of climb and approach/landing adds 15-20 knots. Where a C172 might perform a final approach at 70-80 knots, the Legacy requires nearer 100 knots. Even 110 knots will do no harm unless you are landing on a short runway, because the powerful flaps bleed off speed very quickly.

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ENGINE MANAGEMENTRegarding engine management, similar rules apply to those of a less powerful aircraft. These basic rules apply as much to the Legacy as any other light aircraft and the excellent AOPA website has very useful information relevant to the Legacy:

http://flighttraining.aopa.org/students/solo/skills/engine.html

The crucial thing to understand is the relationship between Manifold Pressure (MP), RPM and mixture. When increasing power the methodology is as follows:

1. Slightly increase the mixture. 2. Increase RPM (push the prop levers forward). 3. Increase power (raise the MP).

When reducing speed and power, do the above the opposite way round:

1. Reduce Power (lower the MP). 2. Decrease RPM (pull the prop levers back). 3. Adjust the mixture

Doing the above is less stressful on the engine. But other stress on the engines of both normal and turbo aspirated high performance aircraft concerns over-leaning the mixture. The tendency to over-lean mixture in order to gain maximum power for a given MP setting creates a lot more heat in the engine. If you over-lean the turbo variant of our RealAir Legacy V2 you’ll find it can achieve way over 300 knots TAS at high altitudes. This is because FSX and Prepar3D do not model engine “roughness” when over-leaning. What happens in the sim is that the engine will keep running then suddenly cut at the over-lean point. If you are seeing 305 knots TAS then it is likely you are over-leaning. This is a controversial subject but the conventional wisdom is that you should not over-lean but just be a little rich of maximum lean, or lean-peak - meaning the point at which the EGT or exhaust gas temperature reaches its peak. This saves engine wear and keeps temperatures well within limits.

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NAVIGATION

IFR INSTRUMENTS

The RealAir Legacy is fully equipped to fly on autopilot under IFR (Instrument Flight Rules). In addition to the regular analogue gauges which enable you to tune to two simultaneous VOR stations, with the primary HSI (Horizontal Situation Indicator) having a standard course selector and Heading Bug, we include an RMI (radio magnetic indicator) to tune to ADF stations, and the Legacy comes with an adapted version of FSX’s Garmin 500 GPS that has some customised aspects to tuning plus our own lighting scheme.

If you need a close up of the GPS one of the included views zooms it in, or you can click in the centre of the GPS display and the standard 2D FSX GPS pop up appears. You can move this display anywhere on the screen or move it to a second monitor if you have one.

SLAVING AUTOPILOT TO GPS OR VOR

In tandem with the KFC autopilot, which you can slave either to the standard VOR HSI or the GPS by using the Nav/GPS toggle switch in the upper left part of the panel, the Legacy will fly smoothly on autopilot and capture VOR stations or ILS transmitters for lateral and glide slope approaches to airports.

For more details on the operation of the autopilot please see the KFC autopilot manual included in this package, which can be accessed using the Config Panel.

FURTHER READING

It is beyond the scope of this guide to offer detailed information about basic navigating procedures and this information is already comprehensively covered within FSX’s excellent “Learning Center” . There are also many searchable websites which offer free training and guidance on air navigation.

Flying the Legacy V2

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AEROBATICS AND FLYING CLOSE TO THE LIMITOne of the joys of flying aircraft like the Legacy is to take the simple approach of piloting “by hand” and enjoying the many realistic qualities we have built into this simulation. RealAir has been a steady campaigner for sim flying to be as close to the feeling of being in a real aircraft as possible. While autopilot flying can be satisfying, we have painstakingly designed into this simulation many features that some sim enthusiasts might be unaware of. We place great emphasis on flying qualities that some otherwise well designed simulator aircraft lack.

In particular we put a lot of care into flight characteristics and effects which both reward skilled manual flying but also punish bad habits and poor flying skills. Our simulations go much further than a bland experience of just taking off, flying straight and level, then descending and landing. The Legacy is alive with many features which give excellent feedback and aerodynamic responses to pilot input that go far beyond the original limitations offered by the core FSX simulator. In order to achieve this we have built into our aircraft advanced aerodynamic features that stretches to the limit what is possible in FSX, and we want you to experience these features to the full.

The Legacy is capable of mild aerobatics

From the moment you start the engine you will see and hear many features that RealAir Simulations has patiently developed over the years and our Legacy is the culmination of that effort. You will see and feel an appropriate vibration when the engine is started and running at idle. You will also experience, in both sound and movement, appropriate airframe reaction to runway taxiing and engine changes,

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a realistic ground roll sound, canopy opening and closing sounds, perfectly co-ordinated sounds between interior and exterior engine sounds, and many more features which will reveal themselves as you become more immersed in flying it.

STALLS AND SPINS

The Legacy does not give much notice of an impending stall. The stall warning, together with our custom stall-onset buffeting effect, kicks in only a couple of knots before a full stall, and this is a feature of the real Legacy too. If you see and hear this effect and wish to avoid a full stall, immediately push the stick forward and you will lose a couple of hundred feet or so, then recover.

The Legacy is known to have a brisk stall usually accompanied by quite a strong wing drop. We have simulated this in the RealAir Legacy by programming a marked drop of the nose when a stall occurs. In many FSX GA aircraft we feel the stall is far too bland and mild and we have addressed this by a designing into the Legacy’s aerodynamics a substantial and sudden loss of lift, with the nose dropping quite dramatically. If you fail to push the stick forward to gain enough airspeed and un-stall the wings, but instead continue to hold the stick back, you will likely see a wing-drop too, and if you still keep the stick fully back, this will likely develop into an incipient or full spin without any rudder input at all. In this simulation this feature enhances our previous work in making spins as authentic as possible within the limitations of FSX. We believe this is the first time a full spin without rudder input has been achieved in FSX.

There is some controversy among real Legacy pilots as to whether this aircraft is capable of safely recovering from a full spin, due partly to the pendulum force of the weight of fuel in the wings and partly due to the design of either the elevator or rudder. We do not have sufficient information to clarify this but nevertheless we are keen to provide full spinning capability as we feel this encourages good situational awareness and the development of safe and skilled flying. Adding rudder in the direction of rotation will increase the intensity of the spin still more and you will hear a “woosh” sound as the Legacy yaws and rolls, caused by the side-slipping.

The Legacy will continue spinning for as long as you hold the stick back, sometimes even when you apply opposite rudder. Usually, only the relaxation of back pressure or a forward motion of the stick together with opposite rudder will recover the spin. Please note however that trim position can influence the severity of the spin and this is an unavoidable limitation of the hard-coded trim functions in

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FSX. If you use a lot of up-trim before stalling then the spin will be slower and even sometimes turn into a flat spin. For more authentic spinning just gradually pull the stick back in neutral trim position. This is an unavoidable limitation within FSX.

To recover from a spin, let the nose drop and the Legacy build airspeed before attempting to gently pull out of the resulting dive. This should result in a fairly immediate recovery. Pulling the stick back abruptly when recovering from the dive could result in another spin in either direction.

Spinning the Legacy

TIGHT TURNS

RealAir Simulations has been at the forefront of developing accelerated stalls in FSX and P3D. In the Legacy you can turn very tightly, pulling enough positive “G” to temporarily black out. When the Angle of Attack indicator shows the red sector you are close to a stall. When turning very tightly the accompanying induced drag will reduce your airspeed even at full power. If the speed continues to drop and you continue the tightness of the turn you might experience a buffet. To avoid

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stalling or a wing drop, ease the stick forward to lower the angle of attack, keeping a brief look at the angle of attack indicator. If you continue the turn without adjusting, you will likely enter a full spin!

Note: With low fuel loads and therefore a lighter aircraft it is less likely that accelerated stalls will occur, although adding some up trim will increase its likelihood.

STALL TURNS AND HAMMERHEADS

With practice you can perform perfect stall turns or hammerheads. To do so, accelerate to between 160 knots and 200 knots then pull up into a full power climb that is perfectly vertical. You can check this by panning your view over the left or right wing. Reduce the power. When you decelerate to around 50 knots or below, kick in the right or left rudder and if you are perfectly vertical you should achieve a very satisfying hammerhead. You can perform this almost from a standstill by kicking the rudder at below 30 knots, but you’ll need a burst of power in order to promote sufficient airstream over the rudder. Our Legacy is programmed to add airflow over the rudder with power on and this makes a big difference to this manoeuvre at low speeds.

You can also do tail slides by pulling up in exactly the same way and keep the Legacy perfectly vertical. As the airspeed reduces to zero, look over the wing and you’ll see a tail slide followed by the nose dropping and eventually a near vertical dive is the result. We do not know whether this manoeuvre is recommended by the manufacturer!

Please note that some hammerhead or stall turns could result in a yaw to the right even if you have left rudder engaged. This can be due to the engine torque twisting the Legacy to the right. You can overcome this by kicking the left rudder earlier in the vertical or by adding power to help rudder authority.

LOOPS

To loop the RealAir Legacy, it is best if you reduce the amount of fuel on-board to around a half, but with careful engine and aircraft management, the Legacy will loop fine even fully loaded to max gross weight. After checking your view for traffic, point the nose slightly down and accelerate to at least 160 knots. Apply full power and pull the joystick back so you achieve an initial climb of around 4

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positive “G”. The Legacy has a positive G limit of 4.4 G so be careful not to exceed this. The AOA gauge will help you judge the amount of back pressure to use. As you lose speed in the climb, slightly reduce the angle of attack by relaxing the stick to avoid stalling, then when upside down, you can increase the stick pressure. You should see the horizon appear upside down. Let the nose drop and then gently pull out of the dive. Your loop is complete.

If you exceed the 4.4 G limit you’ll hear an airframe over-stress sound effect.

You can do many variations on this manoeuvre including immelmans, cuban 8s, and all manner of other loop-based manoeuvres. The Legacy is so powerful in terms of power-to-weight ratio it should be effortless in performing a wide range of aerobatics.

SIDE-SLIP

RealAir Simulations was the first developer to enable side-slipping in FSX, which by default is not normally capable of achieving this manoeuvre. As long as ten years ago we found a way to overcome this restriction and we have steadily refined side-slipping with each successive aircraft release, and the Legacy is the culmination of our refinement of this feature, which almost all GA aircraft should be able to achieve. Side-slipping is a very useful way of reducing height very quickly without commensurate increase in airspeed. It is therefore extremely useful when approaching airfields too fast and too high, a situation which is likely to happen given the Legacy’s lack of drag.

To side-slip and lose height quickly, press the right rudder and slip right, while using some opposing (left) aileron to counteract the yaw. For sideslips in the opposite direction, reverse the above described procedure. In this way you can slip the Legacy sideways to the line of the runway, and the drag created by the slip keeps the airspeed down while at the same time enabling dramatic loss of height. Conversely you can slip (yaw) to the left and counteract the slip with left aileron. The Legacy can do either completely smoothly and without fuss. Additionally you can give short bursts of throttle which will force faster airflow over the rudder for an even more extreme slip, though we do not recommend you do this except to demonstrate just how effective the airflow over the fin is.

Side-slipping will trigger a “woosh” wind sound as the airflow collides with the side of the fuselage.

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Side-slipping the Legacy on final

Please note, side-slipping is not the same thing as “crabbing” when approaching and landing in a cross wind. In this case the Legacy (and indeed any aircraft) is not side slipping. It is merely travelling slightly sideways in relation to the ground, not in relation to the air surrounding it.

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113

PILOT OPERATING INFORMATION

PILOT OPERATING HANDBOOK

The Lancair Legacy, being a kit plane with many different variants, power capabilities and custom-made attributes has never had an official Pilot Operating Handbook. On the Lancair manufacturing website there is an “advisory” example POH which you are free to download for personal use, though we cannot ourselves publish that document in this package due to copyright. Here is the link to that document:

http://www.lancair.com/support/docs-legacy/

BASIC CHECKLISTS

We have provided a basic checklist for a typical Legacy, one that is equipped with the standard 310 hp naturally-aspirated Continental engine. To view this checklist, click on the link on the Home page of the Legacy Config Panel, or access the checklist via the pilot’s kneeboard from within FSX.

FURTHER READING

Please see the section on ‘Engine Management’ on page 105 of this guide, as well as the section on ‘Managing Speeds’ on page 104 of this guide.

If you need further detailed guidance about operating the Legacy there is also the wonderful Legacy Owners and Builders Organisation (LOBO), which offers comprehensive advice, including safety guides and statistics, together with very useful additional info about handling the Legacy. Again, this information is the copyright of the website and out of respect for their hard work we do not re-republish this resource here, but of course you are welcome go to the website and gain more detailed insights into operating the Legacy:

http://www.lancairowners.com/lancair-owner-resources/

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RELOAD AIRCRAFT

HOW TO USE THE RELOAD AIRCRAFT COMMAND

Before we get in to trouble-shooting specific areas, it is worth discussing the FSX reload aircraft command. There are many times when this command is extremely useful, for example when you make a change in the Legacy V2 Config Panel while the Legacy V2 is loaded in FSX, or if the Legacy flaps have failed and you want to get them working again, or when dealing with certain technical issues.

By default there is no key assigned to the reload aircraft command in FSX, so you will need to assign one. To do this, follow these steps:

1. In FSX go to ‘Options’ - ‘Settings’ - ‘Controls’, then click on the ‘Buttons/Keys’ tab at the top of the dialog box.

2. In the ‘Event’ column find ‘Aircraft (reload). Select this event.

3. Now click on ‘New Assignment’.

4. In the dialog that opens, select the key or button command you want and press ‘OK’. Be sure to select an assignment that isn’t already used. If the key assignment is already used you will see a warning message at the top of the dialog box.

5. Now press ‘OK’ on the ‘Settings- Controls’ dialog and you are finished.

Now whenever you wish to reload the aircraft, simply press the key you assigned in the steps above.


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SOUND EFFECTS

‘STUCK’ TURBO SOUNDS AFTER SWITCHING VIEWS

Very occasionally you might hear one of the turbo whistle sounds playing when it shouldn’t be playing. If this happens it is almost always after changing throttle setting to idle then changing views repeatedly. This appears to be an issue related to onboard sound devices (as opposed to dedicated sound cards).

The stuck sound will start playing properly as soon as you throttle up or alternatively you can press ‘Q’ twice (to toggle sound off then on). Either action will clear the sound glitch immediately.

The best way to avoid these kinds of sound glitches is to use a dedicated sound card instead of relying on your motherboard’s onboard sound device.

If using a dedicated sound card is not an option, please try the following:

1. In your Windows / Control Panel / Sound settings dialogue, on the ‘Playback’ page make sure that either ‘Speakers’ or ‘Headphones’ are selected.

2. In the Speaker Properties dialog, go to the ‘enhancements’ page (if available). Make sure that all ‘enhancements’ are disabled.

3. In your Windows / Control Panel / Sound settings dialogue, on the ‘Communications’ page, under the heading ‘When Windows detects communications activity’, select ‘Do nothing’.

4. In your Fsx.cfg file, make the following setting:

SOUND_LOD=0

This will stop 5.1 channel sound from being used in the sim (which can cause problems).

5. In FSX, on the Options / Settings / Sound page, under ‘Windows Sound Devices’, be sure to choose the most reliable sound driver option.

6. If you do experience any engine sound glitches, they will clear as soon as you either press Q twice, or throttle up.

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CUSTOM SOUNDS STOP WORKING

In very rare circumstances the gauge that triggers the custom sounds can stop working. When this happens you won’t hear any of the custom sounds. We found that this only happened when we spent long periods in FSX changing between aircraft and Legacy liveries while making and testing changes during the development process. If you do experience this problem, the only solution we have found is to restart FSX.

For us, this problem never occurred when we loaded up only one or two liveries and flew around as normal - it only ever happened after long periods testing and re-testing changes, where we reloaded the aircraft dozens of times and often more. Even then it was extremely rare.

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GRAPHICS ISSUES

LOW FRAME-RATES

While many sim forums are awash with tweaks and fsx.cfg settings which attempt to extract every possible performance improvement out of FSX, some of these tweaks can actually make things worse, or at best offer some improvement while at the same time increasing the possibilities of a crash, freeze, display issue or other stability problem that rarely is caused by any loaded aircraft alone. Running the Legacy with your sliders all at maximum is not recommended until you have first flown the Legacy on modest or low graphic settings. Thereafter we recommend that you gradually increase the detail in scenery and other graphical options until you arrive at a workable compromise.

Many of the Legacy’s flying characteristics rely on a reasonably high and smooth frame rate of approximately 30 fps in order for the flight model to display at its best. While 25 fps is adequate for procedural flying (for example navigating under autopilot) a frame rate much below this will start to affect the fluidity and fidelity of the aerodynamic responses, together with far less pleasing movement and manual pilot control input.

Using a modest but reasonably up to date computer, you should be able to easily achieve 30 frames per second in the Legacy, provided you are not at large, graphically intensive airports, or are using heavy amounts of road or air traffic.

Higher specified computers should be able to deliver a higher frame rate than this.

VC GAUGE SHIMMERING

You may notice a slight ‘shimmering’ on the VC gauges. This is an unwanted by-product of their high resolution graphics. This can be reduced by increasing anti-aliasing and anisotropic filtering in your graphics driver control panel. Increasing these values has a very positive effect on FSX graphics in general, including the scenery, but it will reduce your framerates.

See the ‘Setup Guide - Video card settings’ section on page 23 of this guide for more information.

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SHIMMERING FAINT WHITE LINES, OR TINY GAPS ON THE EDGES OF SOME PARTS

You may notice what look like very faint white lines, or what can appear to be very tiny, narrow gaps, on the edges of some 3D parts, and these lines can appear to ‘shimmer’. This can be seen around the edges of the fuel gauges and elevator trim wheel, and sometimes on the seats and other parts.

Firstly these aren’t actually gaps, and secondly they’re not a result of something inherently wrong with the 3D model. They are caused by a rendering problem that we have no control over. In a nutshell, when a polygon is exactly 90 degrees to the viewpoint you can sometimes see what appears to be a very faint white line on the edges of that polygon. You can test this by turning off the engine vibrations and then moving the eyepoint. You can see when a polygon lines up at exactly 90 deg the white line will appear and you only have to move a tiny bit, and as the polygon is no longer 90 deg to the camera the line will disappear. This issue is completely outside of our control and has something to do with the way FSX is rendering the scene. This problem is much more noticeable in the Legacy V2 compared to other FSX aircraft because the RealView moving camera vibration effects make it so your eye can readily notice these lines as they move and vibrate (our vision has evolved to pick out moving objects), and once you’re conscious of them they remain obvious.

Higher AA settings make these lines less obvious. Very high AA (16x) makes them almost invisible, although we don’t recommend very high AA for most users due to its effect on fps. If you find these lines particularly irritating the best thing to do is to turn off ‘Ground roll vibration’ and ‘Engine vibration on ground’ by going to the RealView page of the Legacy V2 Config Panel. This will stop the VC from vibrating on the ground, which will stop the lines from shimmering and therefore make them much less obvious.

LONG LOADING TIMES The RealAir Legacy has very high resolution 3D modelling and textures. Because of this it is normal to have to wait a short time for the aircraft to first load.

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CONFIG PANEL

CHANGES MADE IN THE CONFIG PANEL ARE NOT SAVED

The Legacy V2 Config Panel will work as described on the vast majority of computers, but as you can imagine there can be a huge variation between individual computer systems, individual Windows installations, different versions of Windows, and individual user account preferences, so occasionally the Config Panel can encounter problems when attempting to save your desired settings.

If when you make a change in the Legacy Config Panel and press ‘save’, you find that your settings haven’t been saved when you load the Legacy in FSX, there are a number of possible causes, many of which are outlined below.

FILE PERMISSIONS AND FILE OWNERSHIP

The most likely problem is that your Windows installation is not allowing the necessary files to be modified. It is vitally important that all of the files in your RealAir Legacy installation have their file permissions set to allow changes to be made, and that Windows will allow the necessary files to be moved, copied and overwritten. It is also vital that the Legacy’s files do not inherit file permissions from any of the folders above the file in the file’s directory path.

CONFIG PANEL ERROR MESSAGES

New to the Legacy V2 Config Panel are some basic error messages to help identify any problems with saving your settings. If there are problems you will see these error messages almost immediately after you press ‘Save’ in the Legacy V2 Config Panel.

‘The Config Panel has encountered an error while trying to modify your aircraft.cfg file with your chosen suspension settings: Could not set the specified value.’

The most likely cause of this error message is that the aircraft.cfg file within your Legacy V2 installation has its file permissions set to not allow changes. To fix this you will need to manually change the file permissions (see below). This file is located in ‘[FSX root folder]\SimObjects\Airplanes\RealAir Legacy V2’.

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‘The Config Panel has encountered an error while trying to modify your panel.cfg file with your chosen GPS settings: Could not set the specified value.’

As above, the most likely cause of this error message is that the panel.cfg file within your Legacy V2 installation has its file permissions set to not allow changes. To fix this you will need to manually change the file permissions (see below). This file is located in ‘[FSX root folder]\SimObjects\Airplanes\RealAir Legacy V2\Panel’.

‘The Config Panel has encountered an error while trying to modify your options.xml file with your chosen settings: Error saving XML file.’

As above, the most likely cause of this error message is that the Options.xml file within your Legacy V2 installation has its file permissions set to not allow changes. To fix this you will need to manually change the file permissions (see below). This file is located in ‘[FSX root folder]\SimObjects\Airplanes\RealAir Legacy V2\Panel\Config’.

‘The Config Panel has encountered an error while trying to modify your realview.xml file with your chosen RealView settings: Error saving XML file.’

The most likely cause of this error message is that the RealView.xml file within your Legacy V2 installation has its file permissions set to not allow changes. To fix this you will need to manually change the file permissions (see below). This file is located in ‘[FSX root folder]\SimObjects\Airplanes\RealAir Legacy V2\Panel\Config’.

SOLVING WINDOWS FILE PERMISSION AND FILE OWNERSHIP PROBLEMS

With the UAC enabled in versions of Windows from Vista or newer (ie Windows Vista, 7 and 8 at the time of this writing), Windows can be very aggressive in the way it won’t allow files to be moved or copied. For example, in Windows 7, by default the ‘Program Files’ (and ‘Program Files x86’ folder in 64bit versions of Windows 7) have their permissions set to not allow any files contained within those folders to be modified or moved. For this reason we (and other developers) recommend installing FSX to a location outside the Program Files folder, for example ‘C:\FSX’.

If a Windows file permission problem is causing the Legacy Config panel to not work, the only way to fix this problem is to manually alter file permissions in Windows (Windows will not grant any programs the necessary permission to make these changes). You need to set the file properties to allow ‘Full control’, and make sure that ‘read-only’ is not set. This will guarantee that the Legacy Config Panel

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can make the necessary changes. The fastest way to do this would be to change permissions in the FSX root folder, and then have Windows set all files and folders contained within the FSX root folder to inherit those permissions. If done this way, you’ll not only fix file permission issues with the Legacy Config panel, but you’ll also avoid any file permission problems you may encounter with other third party files installed into FSX. Sometimes we have found that this approach doesn’t work and you need to alter each individual file’s permissions separately. For information on which files to alter see the ‘Error Messages’ section above.

It is beyond the scope of this guide to show exactly how to change file permissions because it can vary between versions of Windows and Windows User Account settings. If you google something along the lines of ‘how to change file permissions in Windows 7’, you should find plenty of information on how to go about changing file permissions.

Another potential problem is Windows file ‘ownership’. This is similar to file permissions but a little different. If the currently active Windows User Account hasn’t been granted file ‘ownership’ by Windows, it may not be possible to make changes to the file. Again the best course of action is to do a google search for instructions on how to change file ownership. For example search ‘how to change file ownership in Windows 7’.

We are very sorry that there is no easy fix when it comes to granting file permissions and ownership in Windows, but that is the nature of these particular Windows security features - only a Windows User with sufficient permission is capable of changing these settings. This helps stop malicious software from making unwanted changes to your computer. If at some time in the future you need to reinstall FSX, installing it to a location outside the Program Files folder should give you a good chance of avoiding these problems in the future.

REGISTRY PROBLEMS

Another possible problem could arise from incorrect FSX registry settings. When the Legacy V2 Config Panel attempts to change the necessary files to save your chosen settings, it reads the Windows registry to locate your FSX installation directory, and then uses that registry value to locate the files that need changing. If this registry value is incorrect, the Legacy V2 Config Panel won’t be able to find the necessary files to make changes to them.

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The Legacy V2 installer (and all RealAir installers) also reads the Windows registry to automatically detect your FSX installation directory. This means that if, when you installed the V2 Legacy, the installer automatically and correctly detected your FSX directory with no further input required, then the chances are that your FSX registry settings are correct and don’t need repairing. If you had to manually input your FSX directory into the Legacy V2 installer, there probably is a problem with your FSX registry settings.

This latest version of the Legacy Config Panel has some extra code compared to the config panels included with our older aircraft. The Legacy V2 Config Panel will attempt to verify your FSX directory path registry value and if it thinks it is wrong a dialog will open asking you for the correct location of FSX. You will only need to do this once, this new directory path will be saved and used in the future whenever you open the Legacy V2 Config Panel. This means that even with incorrect FSX registry values the Legacy V2 Config Panel should still work.

If you suspect there might be an FSX registry problem, it is worth making efforts to fix it because there is a very good chance that this could cause other problems in FSX in addition to those relating to the Legacy. For this there are two possible fixes. The first is to try the ‘repair’ utility in your windows control panel/programs and features/FSX. The second and more drastic method is to uninstall and then reinstall FSX. Obviously this is a big job, especially if you have a lot of third party software installed and is definitely not recommended except as a very last resort! Please note that the above described fixes are entirely at your own risk.

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FLIGHT1 GTN INTEGRATION

SHIMMERING

The Flight1 GTN screens on the VC panel can exhibit fairly severe ‘shimmering’ when in the main VC view. This is caused by the way anti-aliasing works combined with the FSX moving camera ‘momentum’ effect. You will notice there is no shimmering whatsoever in all of the Legacy’s zoomed-in VC views, because they have the camera momentum effect disabled. You can disable the momentum effect in the main VC view, but it must be done globally (and therefore will affect all FSX aircraft). This is done by modifying the VC camera entry in your FSX ‘camera.cfg’ file. We consider this an advanced technique and we cannot offer help on how to do it, or support if you do try this mod. If you’d like to try this, we recommend visiting the various FSX user forums for advice.

OTHER FLIGHT1 GTN PROBLEMS

Because we did not have anything to do with the creation or sale of the Flight1 GTN gauges, we cannot offer any support on matters relating to the operation of the Flight1 GTN 750 and/or GTN 650—you will need to get in touch with Flight1 regarding these matters. We can only offer support on Flight1 GTN/RealAir Legacy VC integration issues.

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REALITY XP GNS INTEGRATION

SHIMMERING

The Reality XP GNS screens on the VC panel can exhibit fairly severe ‘shimmering’ when in the main VC view. This is caused by the way anti-aliasing works combined with the FSX moving camera ‘momentum’ effect. You will notice there is no shimmering whatsoever in all of the Legacy’s zoomed-in VC views, because they have the camera momentum effect disabled. You can disable the momentum effect in the main VC view, but it must be done globally (and therefore will affect all FSX aircraft). This is done by modifying the VC camera entry in your FSX ‘camera.cfg’ file. We consider this an advanced technique and we cannot offer help on how to do it, or support if you do try this mod. If you’d like to try this, we recommend visiting the various FSX user forums for advice.

OTHER REALITY XP GNS PROBLEMS

Because we did not have anything to do with the creation or sale of the Reality XP GNS gauges, we cannot offer any support on matters relating to the operation of the Reality XP GNS 530 and/or GNS 430 — you will need to get in touch with Reality XP regarding these matters. We can only offer support on Reality XP GNS/RealAir Legacy VC integration issues.

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LEGACY V2 FOR FSX

MISCELLANEOUS PROBLEMS

DISAPPEARING CLICK-SPOTS

If you experience disappearing click-spots which mean you aren’t able to click on any of the gauges or controls in the VC, we recommend the following:

Firstly—try reducing the detail settings in FSX. One thing we have noticed speaking with customers who have experienced this problem—the more powerful the user’s PC, the less likely it is that this problem will occur. Also, the more stressed your PC is, the more likely this is to occur. Reducing detail settings in FSX can help to alleviate this problem.

If the above fails to help, disable the Legacy V2’s custom 3D landing lights. To do this, open the Legacy V2 Config Panel, navigate to the ‘Graphics Options’ page and select ‘Use default FSX landing lights’. This should cure the problem.

PROBLEMS WITH ANIMATIONS IMMEDIATELY AFTER LOADING

Many of our custom animations use variables that need to be set to a certain starting value whenever the Legacy is first loaded. Unfortunately FSX will often try to set these variables to the values that were set when you saved your flight, or the values that were set from the previous flight, instead of using the values that were written into the code. In an attempt to overcome this problem we have even written code that repeatedly sets the starting values for these variables many times per second for the first few seconds after you load the Legacy, but even then FSX can occasionally override these values. For example, immediately after loading, you may very occasionally see the propellers rotating while the engines are off - this behaviour is caused by the problem described above. Thankfully there is a simple solution that works almost every time:

All you need to do is use the FSX reload aircraft command immediately after you first load the Legacy.

This has the effect of setting the various variables to their proper values.

See the Reload Aircraft section above for help on using the reload aircraft command.

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We welcome both feedback and support queries via e-mail if you are a bone fide RealAir Simulations customer.

Please thoroughly check the manuals and documents before contacting us with a problem. It is highly likely that you will find the answer within this guide or the other included documents.

If you have a support issue, it is very helpful if you include in your email the following details:

• Your full name. • Your order number or keycode. • Date of order. • Describe the problem you have encountered as accurately as possible.

We always make efforts to answer queries as quickly as possible, and our average response time is often within a few hours and very rarely longer than 24 hours.

SUPPORT

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The RealAir Legacy Version 2 was created by:

Sean Moloney - 3D modelling, textures, cockpit panels, gauge graphics and programming, animation and sound programming, document writing and presentation, installers, testing, website content creation and design, config panel.

Rob Young - Flight aerodynamics, sounds, document writing, testing, and customer support.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

TESTING

Thanks to Ryan Butterworth for his thorough and insightful testing.

CUSTOM SOUND GAUGE

Special thanks to Doug Dawson for his wonderful XML sound gauge.

FLIGHT1 GTN INTEGRATION

Thank you to Jim Rhoads for his valuable assistance with the Flight1 GTN integration.

MULTIPLAYER GUIDANCE:

Geoff Drayson of www.fsmp.com

Geoff very generously helped us get our Duke V1.2 working well in multiplayer and shared cockpit. His help with the Duke V1.2 contributed to the knowledge required to make the Legacy V2 multiplayer compatible.

3D LANDING LIGHTS

Thanks to Jon Blum of Vertical Reality Simulations for divulging the incredible intricacies of 3D landing lights to the FSX/P3D developer community.

CREDITS

This document written by Rob Young and Sean Moloney, January 2016

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