florida supreme court report on broward county schools incompetence

8/3/2019 Florida Supreme Court Report on Broward County Schools Incompetence

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AB UGM T][YMFM DO]YU OL LJOYAEN

Dntm Bo" TD;1&>1>;

LABNJ YM[OYU OL UGM

BABMUMMBUG TUNUMPAEM @YNBE C]YQ

AB UGM T][YMFM DO]YU OL UGM TUNUM OL LJOYAEN

Dntm Bo3 TD;1&>1>;

A" Abuyoe}duaob

Pm* ugm @ynbe C}yq* gn|m immb dnjjme }{ob uo mwnfabm* nfob` ougmy fnuumyt* ugm l}bduaobab`

ol ugm Iyopnye Do}buq Tdgooj Ionye nbe ol ugm Iyopnye Do}buq Tdgooj Eatuyadu" Pm gn|m eobm to

nbe nt ymt}ju pm fnhm dmyunab labeab`t nbe ymdoffmbenuaobt"

Nu ugm o}utmu pm patg uo doffmbe ugm b}fmyo}t Eatuyadu mf{joqmmt lyof njj jm|mjt pgo

n{{mnyme nbe {yo|aeme abloyfnuaob uo LEJM ab|mtua`nuoyt oy eaymdujq uo ugm @ynbe C}yq" Pm njto

doffmbe ugm Olladm ol @mbmynj Do}btmj loy ugmay {yof{u ym{jamt uo o}y b}fmyo}t ym~}mtut loy

eod}fmbunyq m|aembdm"

Nt {nyu ol o}y ab~}ayq pm gn|m unhmb umtuafobq nbe ym|ampme tunumfmbut lyof LEJM

ab|mtua`nuoyt* {yocmdu fnbn`myt nbe i}ajeab` abt{mduoyt lyof ugm Eatuyadu* nt pmjj nt {ntu nbe {ymtmbu

fnbn`myt lyof ugm Lndajauamt em{nyufmbu* Eatuyadu Dgaml I}ajeab` Olladanjt* {ntu nbe {ymtmbuIonye

Fmfimyt* b}fmyo}t Eatuyadu I}e`mu nbe Labnbdm olladanjt* {ntu nbe {ymtmbu mf{joqmmt ol ugm

Eatuyadut io}benyamt em{nyufmbu* Em{}uq T}{myabumbembut nbe ougmy Eatuyadu mf{joqmmt lyof

{yabda{njt uo tmdymunyamt" Pm gn|m njto ym|ampme g}beymet ol eod}fmbut {yo|aeme iq ugm Eatuyadu uo


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ab|mtua`nuoyt"

Ugm m|aembdm pm gn|m immb {ymtmbume dobdmybab` ugm fnjlmntnbdm* fatlmntnbdm nbe

boblmntnbdm ol ugm Iyopnye Do}buq Tdgooj Ionye Ionye! nbe ol ugm tmbaoy fnbn`mfmbu ol ugm

Iyopnye Do}buq Tdgooj Eatuyadu* Eatuyadu! nbe ol ugm yott fatfnbn`mfmbu nbe n{{nymbu abm{uau}em

ol to fnbq abea|ae}njt nu to fnbq jm|mjt at to o|mypgmjfab` ugnu pm dnbbou afn`abm nbq jm|mj ol

abdof{mumbdm ugnu po}je mw{jnab pgnu pm gn|m tmmb" Ugmymloym pm nym ymj}dunbujq dof{mjjme uo

dobdj}em ugnu nu jmntu tofm ol ugat imgn|aoy dnb imtu im mw{jnabme iq doyy}{uaob ol o}y olladanjt iq

dobuynduoyt* |mbeoyt nbe ugmay joiiqatut" Foymo|my* fnbq ol ugm {yoijmft pm aembualame ab o}y ab~}ayq

nym job`tunbeab` nbe gn|m immb {oabume o}u iq nu jmntu upo {ym|ao}t @ynbe C}yamt" I}u loy ugm

Dobtuau}uaobnj fnbenum ugnu ym~}aymt nb mjmdume Tdgooj Ionye loy mndg Eatuyadu* o}y laytu nbe loymfotu

ymdoffmbenuaob po}je gn|m immb uo niojatg ugm Iyopnye Do}buq Tdgooj Ionye njuo`mugmy"

Pm gn|m jmnybme ugnu ugm Ionye nbe Eatuyadu gnt unhmb tum{t uo abtuau}um tofm ol ugm dgnb`mt

pm pajj {yo{otm gmym uoenq* {mygn{t ab nbuada{nuaob ol ugm @ynbe C}yqt labeab`t oy ab ymt{obtm uo

ougmy m|mbut* abdj}eab` ob`oab` ab|mtua`nuaobt nbe nyymtut" Pgajm au fnq tmmf yme}benbu oy

}bbmdmttnyq uo tofm uo {yo{otm dgnb`mt njymneq fnem* pm nym fabel}j ugnu bougab` at tmu ab dobdymum"

Ine gniaut nbe doyy}{u {ynduadmt olumb ymu}yb pgmb ugm ja`gu ol ab~}ayq at u}ybme oll"

AA" T}ffnyq ol Labeab`t

O}y ab~}ayq ol ugm Eatuyadu lod}tme ob ugm bob&abtuy}duaobnj nt{mdut ol ugm Eatuyadut l}bduaobt*

{nyuad}jnyjq ugm dobtuy}duaob ol tdgoojt" Pm gn|m gmnye lyof tofm fae jm|mj fnbn`myt ugnu ugmq dnbu

eatda{jabm oy laym jnsq abdof{mumbu poyhmyt* ugpnyume iq n uafae {mytobbmj em{nyufmbu nbe tofmuafmt

iq {youmdua|m Ionye fmfimyt pgo f}tu |oum ob m|myq eatfattnj* qmu pm nym npnym ol uo{ jm|mj

fnbn`myt pgo o{mbjq unjh ol uny`muab` pgatujm ijopmyt* ionu&yodhmyt nbe ougmy fnjdobumbut pgotm


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{yafnyq tab n{{mnyt uo im mw{otab` ljnpt ab ugm tqtumf nbe jndh ol jmnemytga{ nfob` tmbaoy tunll"

Ugotm mf{joqmmt labe ugmftmj|mt uynbtlmyyme o}u ol ugmay {otauaobt uo jmtt emtaynijm {otut8 uynbtlmyyme

uo ugm eatuyadut e}f{ab` `yo}be* ugm iooh em{otauoyq8 oy m|mb o}uya`gu layme loy {muuq |aojnuaobt"

Ab tgoyu* pm gn|m n faeejm fnbn`mfmbu tunll ugnu uojmynumt oy at loydme uo uojmynum

abdof{mumbdm* eo}ijm&emnjab`* doyy}{uaob nbe jnsabmtt i}u pgadg ab u}yb at njpnqt lmnyl}j ol imab`

uny`mume iq }{{my fnbn`mfmbu tgo}je ugmq dgnjjmb`m abumylmymbdm iq Ionye fmfimyt oy nuumf{u uo

goje dobuynduoyt nddo}bunijm loy ugmay poyh"

Bou ugnu ugmym nymbu mf{joqmmt pgo poyh gnye nbe eo n `ooe coi* ugmym nym {jmbuq ol ugotm"

I}u ugm obmt pgo {oabu o}u {yoijmft nbe ne|odnum dgnb`m nym ~}adhjq fny`abnjasme nbe {}batgme"

Ugm d}ju}ym ol fatlmntnbdm nbe fnjlmntnbdm nu ugm tdgooj eatuyadu at to emm{jq ab`ynabme* to

job`tunbeab` nbe to tm|mym ugnu pm imjam|m ugmq pajj maugmy im t}it}fme abuo ugm mwatuab` d}ju}ym oy

ey}ffme o}u ol ugm Eatuyadu nt toob nt d}yymbu nuumbuaob at ea|myume lyof ugm Ionye nbe Eatuyadu"

Nt tmyao}t nt ugm {yoijmft nym nu ugm Eatuyadu* ugm {yoijmft paug ugm Ionye nym m|mb poytm"

Ugm Ionye gnt emfobtuynume nb n{{njjab` jndh ol ioug jmnemytga{ nbe npnymbmtt" Ynugmy ugnb

lod}tab` ob ugm ia` {adu}ym nbe joohab` uo ugm dgnjjmb`mt ol ugm l}u}ym* ugmq gn|m fayme ugmftmj|mt ab

ugm enq uo enq y}bbab` ol ugm Eatuyadu* n unth loy pgadg ugmq nym tab`}jnyjq }b~}njalame" Ugmay jndh ol

indh`yo}be oy mw{myuatm eomt bou emumy ugmf lyof abuy}eab` abuo emdataobt t}dg nt tmjmduab` i}ajeab`

dobuynduoyt* emdaeab` dobuyndu fmugoet* abumylmyab` paug {mytobbmj emdataobt* eaymduab` dobuyndut uo

lyambet nbe nd~}nabunbdmt loy dobt}juab` poyh* {}tgab` }bbmdmttnyq i}ajeab` {yocmdut ab eaymdu

o{{otauaob uo ugm ne|adm ol eatuyadu olladanjt* joiiqab` loy dobtuy}duaob dgnb`m oyemyt uo imbmlau

dobuynduoyt* nbe m|mb ugab`t nt {muuq nt fnba{}jnuab` ugm {yodmtt uo `mu ugm dgajeymb ol lyambet nbe

lnfajq abuo t{mdalad tdgoojt"


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Tofm ol ugm dobtm~}mbdmt ol njjopab` ugmftmj|mt uo im fayme ab ugm fadyo&fnbn`ab` ol ugm

Eatuyadu nym ugmay dof{jmum lnaj}ym uo lod}t ob ugm ia` {adu}ym nbe ugmay jndh ol npnymbmtt ol dyauadnj

att}mt lndab` ugm Eatuyadu"

Nt nb mwnf{jm* ugm Ionye gnt n}ugoyasme ugm t{mbeab` ol iajjaobt o|my ugm jntu >; qmnyt nbe

gnt tneejme Iyopnye unw{nqmyt paug %9 iajjaob ab job` umyf emiu* nbe qmu pm gn|m ugo}tnbet ol mf{uq

tmnut nu }bemy mbyojjme tdgoojt ab ugm mntumyb {oyuaob ol ugm do}buq nbe dyauadnjjq o|mydyopeme tdgoojt

ab ugm pmtumyb {nyu ol ugm do}buq nbe bo dobdymum {jnbt uo neeymtt ugm {yoijmf" Pm labe ugnu ugm

d}yymbu tau}nuaob at n eaymdu ymt}ju ol ugm Ionyet jndh ol |ataob* loymta`gu* {jnbbab` nbe jmnemytga{ nt

pmjj nt n emjaimynum nuumf{u uo pauggoje abloyfnuaob ab oyemy uo hmm{ i}ajeab` }bbmdmttnyq t{ndm"

N ymnu emnj ol unw{nqmy fobmq t{mbu ob ugat dobtuy}duaob gnt immb pntume nt ugm eaymdu ymt}ju

ol ugm Ionyet abumylmymbdm nbe tmjl emnjab` nt pmjj nt n ymt}ju ol ugmay lnaj}ym uo mb`n`m ab nbq

fmnbab`l}j o|myta`gu ol ugm Eatuyadut i}ajeab` ndua|auamt" Loy nu jmntu ugm jntu >= qmnyt ugm Eatuyadu gnt

o{mynume n lndajauamt nbe dobtuy}duaob em{nyufmbu paug jauujm ym`nye loy ~}njauq* nddo}buniajauq oy latdnj

ymt{obtaiajauq* qmu ugm Ionye gnt eobm bougab` uo neeymtt ugmtm att}mt"

Emt{aum pnybab`t lyof ugm ynbh nbe lajm* ugmay opb abumybnj n}eauoyt nbe m|mb {ym|ao}t @ynbe

C}yq ym{oyut ugm Ionye loy qmnyt gnt ndume ab n{{nymbu ijattl}j a`boynbdm ol ugmtm dyauadnj att}mt" Uo

enum* ugmay tuyob`mtu ymt{obtm gnt immb uo jntg o}u nu ugm n}eauoyt eoab` ugmay coit8 nuumf{uab` uo hajj

ugm fmttmb`myt* ynugmy ugnb emnj paug ugm att}mt ugmq iyab` uo ugmay nuumbuaob"

Ugm Ionyet fmeejab` abuo emunajt ugnu tgo}je im paugab ugm {}y|amp ol ugm T}{myabumbembu gnt

bou gmj{me ugm Eatuyadu emnj paug dyauadnj att}mt8 abtumne au gnt poytmbme mwatuab` {yoijmft nbe dymnume

bmp obmt" Ugm T}{myabumbembu njto imnyt ymt{obtaiajauq loy njjopab` ugm fmeejab` nbe abumylmymbdm uo

dobuab}m" Iyopnye Do}buq ab {nyuad}jny bmmet n tuyob` T}{myabumbembu uo tunbe }{ uo ugm Ionye nbe


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ymfabe ugmf pgmym ugm jabm at ugnu tm{nynumt ugm l}bduaobt nbe ymt{obtaiajauamt ol ugm Ionye nbe

T}{myabumbembu" [ym|ao}t T}{myabumbembut gn|m eobm to uo obm em`ymm oy nbougmy nbe gn|m t}llmyme

ugm dobtm~}mbdmt8 tofmugab` ugm d}yymbu T}{myabumbembu at n{{nymbujq }bpajjab` uo yath"

AAA" Indh`yo}be

Ugm Iyopnye Do}buq Tdgooj Eatuyadu at ugm =*>4< uo 94*905* abdj}eab` nb abdymntm ol 9;;> nbe >;;4 ol ugm Ljoyaen Tunu}umt"

A\"Labeab`t

N" [yoijmft paugab ugm Lndajauamt nbe Dobtuy}duaob Fnbn`mfmbu Ea|ataob

>" Ugm UDO emindjm nbe Odd}{qab` ]blabatgme Tdgoojt


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[}yt}nbu uo tunum nbe jodnj i}ajeab` doemt* bo i}ajeab`* tdgoojt abdj}eme* dnb im odd}{ame

paugo}u n |njae Dmyualadnum ol Odd}{nbdq DO! njto hbopb nt n Loyf >>;I att}me iq ugm Dgaml

I}ajeab` Olladanj DIO!" Ugm mwdm{uaob at pgnut dnjjme n Umf{oynyq Dmyualadnum ol Odd}{nbdq

UDO!" Ymjqab` ob n UDO gnt aut jafaunuaobt" Nt ugm bnfm af{jamt* au at t}{{otme im umf{oynyq*

`mbmynjjq att}me paug nb mw{aynuaob ol 4; enqt uo 1; enqt* nbe dnb objq im att}me pgmb ugm }blabatgme

aumft nym faboy* t}dg nt jnbetdn{ab` oy nmtugmuad lmnu}ymt" Ab bo dntm dnb ugmq im att}me pgmb jalm

tnlmuq aumft nym o}utunbeab`"

Pgnu pm gn|m lo}be gopm|my* at ugnu ugmym at bougab` umf{oynyq nio}u UDOt ab Iyopnye nbe

poytm* emt{aum ntt}ynbdmt uo ugm dobuynyq* tofm nym att}me paug ijnunbu tnlmuq att}mt }bymtoj|me nu ugm

uafm ol odd}{nbdq" L}yugmyfoym ugm ymdoye hmm{ab` ol dobtuy}duaob eod}fmbut at to abnem~}num nbe

abdof{jmum ugnu au at gnye uo umjj c}tu gop fnbq UDOt pmym ymnjjq att}me nbe pgnu att}mt pmym

}bymtoj|me nu ugm tdgoojt pgmb ugmq pmym att}me"

Nt lny indh nt N{yaj ol 9;;4 ugm Iyopnye Do}buq @ynbe C}yq {oabume o}u ab aut ym{oyu mbuaujme

Abumyaf Ym{oyu Ol ugm 9;;9 Lnjj Umyf @ynbe C}yq ob Tdgooj Ionye Dobtuy}duaob* 9;;9

Ym{oyu! ugnu b}fmyo}t tdgoojt pmym odd}{ame iq tu}embut paugo}u imab` labatgme nbe ugnu ugm eatuyadu

lnajme uo law dobtuy}duaob emlmdut ab ymdmbujq o{mbme tdgoojt" Aut af{oyunbu uo boum ugnu ab eoab` to ugm

9;;9 Ym{oyu pnt {oabuab` o}u ugnu ugotm {yoijmft pmym n dobuab}nuaob ol ugm {yoijmft aembualame iq

ugm >110 Iyopnye Do}buq @ynbe C}yq" Ymlmyyab` uo ugm {ym|ao}t >110 ym{oyu* ugm 9;;9 Ym{oyu tunume3

Ugm ym{oyu ol ugnu @ynbe C}yq bnfme tdgooj nlumy tdgooj pgmym yoolt jmnhme*

pabeopt jmnhme* nbe tu}ddo lmjj oll pnjjt" Ab neeauaob fnbq ol ugmtm tdgoojt pmymo{mbme uo tu}embut {yaoy uo dof{jmuaob" [}bdg jatut8 ugnu at* ugm jatu ol abdof{jmum aumftdof{ajme nu ugm mbe ol n {yocmdu c}tu imloym ugm uafm ol odd}{nuaob pmym abdgmt ugadh

nbe g}beymet ol {n`mt job`

Ugm Tdgooj Ionye* f}dg uo ugm eatfnq ol ugm @ynbe C}yq* gnt obdm n`nab im`}b uo


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odd}{q tdgoojt imloym ugmq nym dof{jmume" Ugmym nym njto tdgoojt pgmym ugm {}bdg jatu

at tuajj abdof{jmum qmnyt nlumy ugm tdgoojt gn|m o{mbme"

Nt n ymt}ju* ugm 9;;9 Ym{oyu ymdoffmbeme ugnu Ugm Tdgooj Ionye tgo}je taf{jq bou o{mb

tdgoojt ugnu nym abdof{jmum" ]bloyu}bnumjq* ugm {ynduadm gnt bou objq dobuab}me }bninume* i}u

mtdnjnume uo jm|mjt lny poytm ugnb tmmb iq ugm {ym|ao}t @C" Jahm ugm {ym|ao}t @ynbe C}yq* pm labe ugnu

tdgoojt gn|m o{mbme paugo}u neeymttab` njj tnlmuq aumft" Ab lndu* fnbq ol ugmtm tdgoojt pmym o{mbme

o|my ugm oicmduaobt ol abt{mduoyt* {yocmdu fnbn`myt nbe ugmay t}{my|atoyt"

Ugm mwd}tm pm gmnye lyof paubmtt nlumy paubmtt pnt ugnu ugmym pnt {ymtt}ym lyof abea|ae}nj

fmfimyt ol ugm Ionye* tofm ol pgof gne fnem {yofatmt uo {nymbut ugnu ugm tdgoojt po}je im

o{mbme ab uafm loy ugm bmp tdgooj qmny" Do}{jme paug ugnu mwd}tm pnt ugm ymlynab ugnu ugm Eatuyadu pnt

ab n i}ajeab` ioof* |nyao}tjq emtdyaime nt mwatuab` lyof nt job` nt 9;;9&9;;1* uo nt tgoyu nt 9;;=&

9;;0"

Gn|ab` ymne ugm 9;;9 Ym{oyu* jatumbab` uo ugmtm paubmttmt mwd}tmt a|mt }t n tuyob` tmbtm ol

ec |}" Aut ugm tnfm mwd}tmt à|mb iq ugm Ionye nbe Eatuyadu njfotu ma`gu qmnyt nò" N`nab ~}ouab`

ugm 9;;9 Ym{oyu* Tofm ol ugm oje {yoijmft paug tdgooj dobtuy}duaob dobuab}m3 ugm Tdgooj Ionye

ymfnabt }bemy `ymnu {ymtt}ym uo o{mb bmp tdgoojt nbe uo mbjny`m nbe ym{nay oje tdgoojt"

Tdgooj tunyut ugm tnfm uafm m|myq qmny nbe au gnt loy emdnemt" Emt{aum gn|ab` = nbe >; qmny

tu}embu mbyojjfmbu {yocmduaobt {yo|aeme iq ioug ugm tunum EOM nbe tdgooj ionye tunll* emt{aum

dof{jmuab` g}beymet ol {yocmdut nbe t{mbeab` iajjaobt ol eojjnyt ob tdgooj dobtuy}duaob o|my ugm jntu

9; qmnyt* ugm Ionye nbe Eatuyadu nym tuajj gn|ab` {yoijmft o{mbab` tdgoojt ab uafm loy ugm bmp tdgooj

qmny" Nt n ymt}ju* {ymtt}ym i}ajet lyof Ionye fmfimyt uo o{mb ugm tdgoojt ob uafm bo fnuumy pgnu"

Loy ugm Eatuyadu* ugm toj}uaob at uo att}m n UDO ym`nyejmtt ol pgmugmy oy bou aut n òoe aemn uo eo to"


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Ugmym at nb njumybnua|m ugnu ugm Ionye gnt n{{nymbujq bm|my uyame" Pm gn|m immb uoje ugnu ugm Ionyet

dobtuy}duaob dobuyndut dobunab {yo|ataobt loy ja~}aenume enfn`mt loy {yocmdut ugnu dofm ab jnum* qmu

emt{aum dgyobad unyeabmtt ab ugm emja|myq ol dobtuy}duaob {yocmdut pm hbop ol bo dntmt pgmym ugm

Ionye gnt nuumf{ume uo mbloydm ugmtm {yo|ataobt" Ugm Ionye tmmft uo im foym dofloyunijm paug

o{mbab` }blabatgme tdgoojt ugnb nb`myab` ugm dobuynduoyt ugnu l}be ugmay dnf{na`bt ugyo}`g {ojauadnj

dobuyai}uaobt nbe l}beynatmyt"

Ugm i}ajeab` em{nyufmbu gnt bou doblabme autmjl uo c}tu }tab` UDOt uo o{mb }blabatgme

tdgoojt" Ugmq njto ab|mbume nbe att}me {nyuanj DOt* imbmladanj UDOt* dobeauaobnj UDOt* fmfot

ugnu {}y{oyu uo im DOt oy UDOt* fmfot ugnu t}``mtu n DO oy UDO at loyugdofab`* nbe DOt paug

UDO gnbepyauumb ob ugmf ab uabq jmuumyt" Tmm Mwgaiau >!

Dobuynyq uo ugm ym~}aymfmbut ol ugm Ljoyaen I}ajeab` Doem nbe `mbmynj {ynduadm mjtmpgmym*

|ayu}njjq bobm ol ugm UDOt abeadnum gop job` ugmqym ooe loy" [nyu ol ugm dofloyu ugnu {ym|ao}t Dgaml

I}ajeab` Olladanjt fnq gn|m gne ab att}ab` ugmtm e}iao}t eod}fmbut bo eo}iu tumft lyof ugm lndu ugnu

ugmq nym bou ym~}ayme iq jnp uo im ta`bme iq ugm t}{myabumbembu oy lajme paug ugm Tunum nt DOt nym" Ab

lndu ugmym tmmft uo im bo dmbuynjasme jodnuaob loy njj dobtuy}duaob ymjnume eod}fmbut uo im fnabunabme"

Ugm eod}fmbut ugnu nym fnabunabme nym poml}jjq abdof{jmum" XTmm tmduaob A\N!9!m!V

Tmuuab` Iyopnye n{nyu lyof ugm ymtu ol ugm tunum at ugm ga`g b}fimy ol i}ajeab`t o{mbme paug

UDOt oy bo {n{mypoyh nu njj* ugm mwuynoyeabnyq jmbùg ol uafm UDOt nym jmlu o{mb* nbe ugm tmyao}tbmtt

ol ugm att}mt ugnu ymfnab o{mb"

n" UDOt att}me paug tnlmuq att}mt o}utunbeabÒbm ol ugm c}tualadnuaobt à|mb iq tm|mynj paubmttmt pnt ugnu ugm UDOt pmym objq att}me loy

faboy aumft t}dg nt dotfmuad emladambdamt* jnbetdn{ab` nbe ugm jahm"


9/52

N ym|amp ol UDOt att}me o|my ugm qmnyt imjamt ugnu mwd}tm" Pm gn|m tmmb UDOt att}me loy

tdgoojt ugnu jndhme mfmy`mbdq mqmpntg tunuaobt nbe t{yabhjmy gmnet* oy gne o}utunbeab` att}mt paug

tfohm emumduoyt" Tmm Mwgaiau 9! Ugmtm nym jalm tnlmuq att}mt nbe pm labe au dof{jmumjq ayymt{obtaijm uo

att}m n UDO }bemy t}dg dayd}ftunbdmt" Foym uyo}ijab` at ugnu ugm |ntu fncoyauq ol ugm UDOt eobu jatu

pgnu ugm emladambdamt nym" Ab lndu ab njfotu njj dntmt ugmq taf{jq abeadnum ugnu ugmym nym o{mb att}mt nbe

ugnu n jatu pajj im dof{ajmenbe ugnu ugm tuy}du}ym fnq im odd}{ame e}yab` dof{jmuaob ol aumft ob ugm

labnj abt{mduaob jatu" Ugat jatu ol aumft at bou nuundgme uo ugm UDO8 au eomtbu m|mb mwatunu ugm uafm ugm

UDO at att}me fnhab` au af{ottaijm uo c}e`m ugm n{{yo{yanumbmtt ol ugm UDO" Tmm uq{adnjjq* Mwgaiau

4* {nyn`yn{gt 9&4!

i" B}fimy ol {yocmdut o{mbme paug n UDO oy bo eod}fmbut nu njjUgm b}fimy ol {yocmdut odd}{ame }bemy UDOt oy paug bo eod}fmbut nu njj at bougab` tgoyu ol

n{{njjab`" Ab C}bm ol 9;>; pm ym~}mtume lyof ugm Eatuyadu njj do{amt ol UDOt att}me e}yab` ugm

{ym|ao}t la|m qmnyt nbe pmym {yo|aeme paug >4 UDOt oy eod}fmbut lnayjq dgnyndumyasme nt UDOt"

Ugnu b}fimy at n umtunfmbu uo ugm Eatuyadut {ooy ymdoyehmm{ab`" Intme ob umtuafobq lyof tm|mynj

paubmttmt nt pmjj nt n ym|amp ol Ionye fab}umt* ugm uy}m b}fimy fnq im o|my 9;;"

O}y ab~}ayq emumyfabme ugnu ab mnyjq Lmiy}nyq ol 9;;=* ugm Tdgooj Ionye nuuoybmq dobundume

Cnfmt Y" U}dhmy* Abd* U}dhmy! n dobtuy}duaob dobt}junbu dof{nbq* uo ym|amp dmyunab dobtuy}duaob

{yocmdut* uo djotm o}u nbq mwatuab` UDOt* nbe uo ymtoj|m nbq att}mt ugnu po}je goje }{ ugm att}nbdm ol

n DO nbe Dmyualadnum ol Labnj Abt{mduaob DLA! njto hbopb nt n Loyf 9;1" Ugm poyh {yodmmeme lyof

Lmiy}nyq uo C}bm ol 9;;="

Ab mnyjq 9;;1* ugm tdgooj Ionye nuuoybmq obdm n`nab ymndgme o}u uo U}dhmy nbe nthme ugnu njj

d}yymbu nbe gatuoyadnj dobtuy}duaob {yocmdut im ym|ampme nbe uo djotm o}u nbq mwatuab` UDOt nbe


10/52

ymtoj|m nbq att}mt ugnu po}je goje }{ ugm att}nbdm ol n DO nbe DLA"

Imupmmb Cnb}nyq ugyo}`g Emdmfimy ol 9;;1 U}dhmy lo}be n{{yowafnumjq 9;; dobtuy}duaob

{yocmdut loy pgadg maugmy tofm loyf ol UDO gne immb att}me oy* bo {n{mypoyh n}ugoyasab` odd}{nbdq

do}je im lo}be" Dof{jadnuab` U}dhmyt mlloyu pnt ugm lndu ugnu ugmym pnt bo dmbuynjasme jodnuaob

pgmym obm do}je `o uo labe njj dobtuy}duaob ymjnume eod}fmbunuaob* t}dg nt UDOt* DOt* {}bdg jatut

nbe abt{mduaob ym{oyut loy mndg {yocmdu" F}dg ol ugm {n{mypoyh gne uo im uyndhme eopb iq dobunduab`

{yocmdu fnbn`myt* abt{mduoyt* nbe m|mb dobuynduoyt"

Obdm ugmtm o{mb {yocmdut pmym lo}be* ugm att}mt ugnu gmje }{ ugm ynbuab` ol n DO gne uo im

ymtoj|me" Fnbq pmym faboy* fnbq foym dobdmybme lnaj}ym uo abt{mdu oy uo {ntt abt{mduaobt* tofm

dobdmybme }blabatgme jalm tnlmuq att}mt nt fmbuaobme nio|m"

Iq Emdmfimy ol 9;;1* loy ymntobt bm|my mw{jnabme* U}dhmy pnt ymfo|me lyof ugm {yocmdu iq

Em{}uq T}{myabumbembu @nyymutob* m|mb ugo}`g U}dhmy gne bou labatgme emumyfabab` pgmugmy nbq

foym dobtuy}duaob {yocmdut ymfnabme o{mb" Ugat nduaob uooh {jndm c}tu imloym @nyymutobt ymta`bnuaob"

Tabdm U}dhmyt ymfo|nj* bo ougmy dobtuy}duaob {yocmdut gn|m immb neeme uo ugm jatu* maugmy imdn}tm

U}dhmy lo}be ugmf njj* oy imdn}tm ugm eatuyadu eae bou pnbu uo labe nbq foym" Ugm unth gnt bop lnjjmb

uo ugm i}ajeab` em{nyufmbu uo ymtoj|m" Ugm tnfm em{nyufmbu ugnu njjopme tdgoojt uo im odd}{ame

paugo}u DOt* att}me UDOt paug o{mb tnlmuq att}mt* nbe jotu oy bm|my gne {n{mypoyh eod}fmbuab`

abt{mduaobt" Ugm att}mt jmlu o{mb nt jnum nt 9/9>/9;>;* nddoyeab` uo U}dhmyt mwnfabnuaob* abdj}em

lnajme mjmduyadnj nbe fmdgnbadnj abt{mduaobt nu Boydymtu MT8 lnajme i}ajeab` abt{mduaob nu [jnbunuaob

FT8 lnajme fmdgnbadnj abt{mduaobt nu Unfnynd MT8 lnajme i}ajeab`* mjmduyadnj nbe fmdgnbadnj

abt{mduaobt* bo labnj {j}fiab` oy laym abt{mduaobt nu Yoqnj [njf MT8 lnajme i}ajeab` abt{mduaob* bo

labnj laym oy {j}fiab` abt{mduaobt nu @jnemt FT8 lnajme laym abt{mduaob nu Ioqe Nbemytob GT8 lnajme


11/52

laym nbe mjmduyad abt{mduaobt nbe bo labnj i}ajeab` abt{mduaob nu Eyalupooe MT* I}ajeab` 48 lnajme laym*

fmdgnbadnj nbe {j}fiab` nu Fnyuab J}ugmy Hab` MT8 lnajme laym abt{mduaob nu Boyug Jn}emyenjm" Ugmym

nym fnbq* fnbq foym mwnf{jmt" N`nab* ugm ntt}ynbdmt lyof ugm i}ajeab` em{nyufmbu ugnu tdgoojt

pmym bou o{mbme paug jalm tnlmuq att}mt yab` gojjop"

d" UDOt Tunq O{mb loy QmnytNt pm tnae* ugmym at bougab` umf{oynyq nio}u UDOt ab Iyopnye* obdm att}me ugmq tmmf uo im

~}adhjq loy`ouumb" Objq upo ol ugm UDOt {yo|aeme uo }t iq ugm eatuyadu abeadnume gop job` ugmq pmym

`ooe loy dobuynyq uo ugm {yo|ataobt ol ugm i}ajeab` doem" Ugm |ntu fncoyauq ol UDOt nbe m|mb DOt

att}me o|my ugm jntu la|m qmnyt nym bou m|mb enume" Pgmym UDOt pmym lo}be* tofm pmym emumyfabme uo

im qmnyt oje* ugm ojemtu imab` obm loy FdBni MT ugnu njjm`mejq gne immb att}me ab 9;;4" N DO pnt

bou att}me loy FdBni }buaj >9/;1/9;;1!" Fnbq foym enume indh uo 9;;= &9;;0"

N{nyu lyof ugm oi|ao}t jalm tnlmuq att}mt* n UDO njto dymnumt {oumbuanj labnbdanj {yoijmft loy

ugm eatuyadu" Loy obm* obdm n UDO at att}me* ugm i}ajemy at bo job`my ymt{obtaijm loy {yo|aeab`

abt}ynbdm loy ugm tuy}du}ym8 ugm yath affmeanumjq {nttmt uo ugm unw{nqmyt" L}yugmyfoym* ugm UDO njto

tunyut ugm djodh y}bbab` ob ugm obm qmny pnyynbuq* nt {oabume o}u iq ugm 9;;9 Ym{oyu" Att}ab` n UDO

njto a|mt ugm dobuynduoy n tuyob`my jm` uo tunbe ob uo ny`}m loy n yme}duaob ol ugm ymunabn`m imjop =-"

e" Ymunabn`m[}yt}nbu uo L"T" 9==";07* {}ijad mbuauamt fnq ymunab bo foym ugnb >;- ol ugm dobuyndu

{nqfmbut }{ uo =;- ol ugm {yocmdut dof{jmuaob* nbe =- ugmymnlumy" [}ijad mbuauamt nym lymm uo

pauggoje jmtt" Ugm Ionye af{jmfmbut ugat tunu}um ugyo}`g [ojadq 0;;=" Ugnu {ojadq tunumt ugnu ugmym at

uo im bo yme}duaob ab ymunabn`m imjop =- }buaj ugm lojjopab` dyaumyan nym fmu"

>! Ugm {yocmdu gnt ymndgme t}itunbuanj dof{jmuaob


12/52

9! Ugm Dmyualadnum ol Odd}{nbdq gnt immb l}jjq mwmd}ume

4! Ugm T}{myabumbembu oy ugm Em{}uq T}{myabumbembu loy Lndajauamt nbe Dobtuy}duaob

ymdoffmbet ugm yme}duaob

5! Ugm Ionye loyfnjjq n{{yo|mt ugm yme}duaob"

Pm boum ugnu ugmym at bo fmbuaob ab ugm {ojadq ol n Umf{oynyq Dmyualadnum ol Odd}{nbdq"

Ab oyemy uo ymjmntm ugmlabnj {nqfmbu ol ymunabn`m ugm lojjopab` dyaumyan f}tu im fmu {}yt}nbu uo

[ojadq 0;;="

>! Ugm Tdgooj Ionye nddm{ut ugm lndajauq |an nb mwmd}ume Loyf >>;I Dmyualadnum olOdd}{nbdq!

9! Njj dobuyndu}nj oija`nuaobt gn|m immb dof{jmume4! Ugmym at nb mwmd}ume Loyf 9;1 Dmyualadnum ol Labnj Abt{mduaob! oy n Dmyualadnuaob ol

Dof{jmuaob iq ugm nydgaumdu oy mb`abmmy ol ymdoye"

Ugat at n `ooe {ojadqi}u aut yo}uabmjq a`boyme ab aut mbuaymuq iq ugm Ionye nbe Eatuyadu"

Ugm {}y{otm ol ymunabn`m at uo gn|m tofmugab` o|my ugm dobuynduoyt uo loydm ugmf uo labatg ugm

{yocmdu dof{jmumjq nbe uo ymu}yb nbe labatg ugm {}bdg jatut" M|myq abt{mduoy nbe {yocmdu fnbn`my ugnu

umtualame tunume ugnu dobuynduoyt pmym ym`}jnyjq jmu oll ugm gooh iq ugm Eatuyadu pgadg jme uo eosmbt ol

tdgoojt o{mbme paug }blabatgme aumft" Tofm ol ugotm aumft uooh qmnyt uo ymtoj|m" \ayu}njjq njj ugm

}blabatgme aumft pmym ymtoj|me iq fnabumbnbdm nu neeauaobnj dotu uo ugm unw{nqmy" Fmnbpgajm*

dobuynduoyt* pgo gne |myq jauujm jmlu ab ymunabn`m* pnjhme npnq lyof ugmay oija`nuaobt ab oyemy uo tunyu

ob* oy poyh ob foym j}dynua|m dobuyndut" Foym ec |} lyof ugm 9;;9 Ym{oyu*

N lo}yug dobdmyb paug tdgooj dobtuy}duaob at ugm n{{nymbujq {ymfnu}ym ymjmntm ol

ymunabn`m ob tofm {yocmdut" Ugm emdataob uo ymjmntm ymunabn`m }t}njjq ymtut paug ugm

{yocmdu fnbn`my nbe ugm nydgaumdu" Ab nu jmntu upo abtunbdmt* Lnjdob Do|m nbe Jqobt


13/52

Dymmh Faeejm Tdgoojt* ymunabn`m pnt ymjmntme m|mb ugo}`g ugm mjmduyadnj {}bdg jatu

gne bou immb dof{jmume"

{}bdg jatu aumft pmym bou dof{jmume }buaj upo qmnyt nlumy ugm tdgooj o{mbme" Ugmay

dof{jmuaob ym~}ayme ugm eaymdu ab|oj|mfmbu ol ugm Em{}uq T}{myabumbembu ol Lndajauamtnbe Dobtuy}duaob Fnbn`mfmbu"

Ugm ymdoyet pm gn|m ym|ampme t}itunbuanum pgnu pm gmnye lyof ugm paubmttmt" Ab neeauaob uo

ugm fmtt ugnu U}dhmy }bdo|myme* pm njto ym|ampme n do}{jm ol Ionye n`mbent nu ynbeof uo tmm gop

ymunabn`m yme}duaob pnt imab` gnbejme iq ugm Eatuyadu nbe Ionye" Pm ym|ampme lo}y mwnf{jmt* upo

mndg lyof ugm C}jq 99* 9;;7 To}ug [jnbunuaob GT nbe Loyu Jn}emyenjm GT! nbe Emdmfimy >


14/52

jnum nt ugm faeejm ol 9;>; pgmb ugmtm eod}fmbut pmym {yo|aeme uo }t* ugnu ugmym pnt bo UDO* DO*

DLA oy m|mb n Dmyualadnum ol Dof{jmuaob ab mwatumbdm ugnu ymjnume uo ugm ymunabn`m ymjmntme iq ugm

Eatuyadu nbe Ionye"

Ob ugm tnfm n`mben ugm Ionye n{{yo|me n yme}duaob ol ymunabn`m ob ugm To}ug [jnbunuaob GT

{yocmdu lyof %5-! Obdm n`nab ugm c}tualadnuaob pnt ugnu ugm {yocmdu gne

ymndgme t}itunbuanj dof{jmuaob* ugnu ugmym pnt n UDO att}me nbe ugnu au pnt ymdoffmbeme iq ugm

Lndajauamt nbe Dobtuy}duaob Fnbn`mfmbu Ea|ataob" Ugm Ionye obdm n`nab a`boyme ugmay opb {ojadq ol

ym~}ayab` n DO nbe n ymdoffmbenuaob lyof ugm T}{myabumbembu oy gat Em{}uq"

Ob ugm Emdmfimy >-!" Uo emumyfabm pgnu

{mydmbun`m ol ymunabn`m ugnu la`}ym ym{ymtmbume* pm gne uo ymjq ob ugm dobuynduoy dmyualadnum nt ugm DLA

{yo|aeme uo }t iq ugm Eatuyadu loy ugat {yocmdu jmlu oll ugm dotu ol ugm {yocmdu" Tmm Mwgaiau =!

Ugm c}tualadnuaob jatume loy ugm yme}duaob pnt ugm tnfm8 t}itunbuanj dof{jmuaob nbe n UDO" Ugm

UDO pnt enume N}`}tu 1* 9;;7 nbe ugm DO nbe DLA pmym bou att}me }buaj >9/9/;1* o|my n qmny jnumy"

Labnjjq ugm tnfm n`mben dobunabme n yme}duaob ab ymunabn`m loy Io}jm|nye Gma`gut MT* lyof

%4>4*;;1 uo %9=*;;; 9/>;ugt ol >-! paug ugm tnfm c}tualadnuaob & t}itunbuanj dof{jmuaob nbe n UDO"

Ugm nuundgme UDO pnt enume N}`}tu >=* 9;;7* i}u n`nab ugmym pnt bougab` lyof ugm T}{myabumbembu

oy Em{}uq ymdoffmbeab` ugm yme}duaob"

Ugm eod}fmbut imny o}u pgnu pm gmnye lyof ugm paubmttmt ugnu UDOt nym }tme uo njjop

ymunabn`m uo im yme}dme uo yaead}jo}tjq jop jm|mjt pmjj imloym {yocmdut nym dof{jmume" Au njto tgopt

gop jauujm ugm Ionye iougmyt paug emdataobt uo ymjmntm fajjaobt ab l}bet uo dobuynduoyt" Ugm Ionye

|aojnume aut {ojadq ab njj lo}y ynbeof abtunbdmt pm dgmdhme ymt}juab` ab o|my %>"= fajjaob {ymfnu}ymjq


15/52

ymjmntme uo dobuynduoyt" Ugmym pnt smyo c}tualadnuaob ob pgadg uo intm nbq yme}duaob nu njj* jmu njobm uo

ugm jm|mjt pm oitmy|me" Ab njj dntmt ugmym pnt bo DO nbe bo ymdoffmbenuaob lyof ugm T}{myabumbembu

oy ugm Em{}uq" L}yugmyfoym ugm Ionye ymjamt ob n ymunabn`m yme}duaob dmyualadnum mwmd}ume iq ugm

dobuynduoyuo emumyfabm gop f}dg ymunabn`m ugmq nym |ouab` ob" Ab mttmbdm* ugmq pmym |ouab` ijabe"

Iq {jndab` ugm aumft ob ugm dobtmbu n`mben ugmq njto n|oae nbq eatd}ttaob ol ugm c}tualadnuaob loy* oy

ugm nfo}bu ol* ugm ymunabn`m imab` ymjmntme" Ugat at n `jnyab` mwnf{jm ol ugm Ionyet fatlmntnbdm"

9" Fnbn`mfmbu {yoijmft

n" Jndh ol Nddo}buniajauq

Ugm {yoijmft paug UDOt eae bou tunyu }bemy ugm {ym|ao}t DIO* i}u au emlabaumjq injjoobme

}bemy gat pnudg" Nddoyeab` uo obm paubmtt DIO Jmm Fnyuab pnt ymj}dunbu uo att}m UDOt nbe abauanjjq

eo}iume gat n}ugoyauq uo eo to" Tofm uafm ab 9;;4 gm emjm`nume ugm ymt{obtaiajauq uo {ym{nym ugotm

UDOt uo n t}{my|atoy ol uynemt abt{mduoyt" Nddoyeab` uo n tunll fmfimy nu ugm i}ajeab` em{nyufmbu nu

ugm uafm* obdm poye `ou o}u ugnu UDOt pmym imab` att}me* [Ft tunyume ljooeab` ugm i}ajeab`

em{nyufmbu paug ym~}mtut loy UDOt" Ugm paubmtt mtuafnume ugnu 4;&=; UDOt pmym att}me ab 9;;=

njobm" Ugnu qmny* ugm t}{my|atoy ol uynemt abt{mduoyt pnt {yofoume uo abumyaf DIO uo ym{jndm Jmm

Fnyuab paug ugm {yo|ato ugnu gm tmd}ym nb ndnemfad em`ymm nbe }{`ynem gat {yo|ataobnj DIO jadmbtm

uo hmm{ gat coi"

Ab Fnq ol 9;;1 ugm DIO pnt ymfo|me lyof gat {otauaob pgmb au pnt emumyfabme ugnu gm bou

objq lnajme uo tmd}ym gat em`ymm* i}u gne dobuab}me uo ta`b oll ob DOt nbe UDOt nlumy gat {yo|ataobnj

DIO jadmbtm gne jn{tme ab Fnydg ol 9;;7" Nt n ymt}ju gm pnt dgny`me paug n fatemfmnboy nbe

}juafnumjq {jme nbe ymdma|me n {yoinuaobnyq tmbumbdm" Ugnu jme ol do}ytm uo gn|ab` uo ym|amp nbe

ymatt}m njj ugm eod}fmbut gm gne ta`bme pgajm gat jadmbtm pnt ab|njae" Gopm|my* bmaugmy ugm lndu ol gat


16/52

dob|aduaob* boy gat lnaj}ym uo tmd}ym gat em`ymm jme uo gat eatfattnj lyof ugm Eatuyadu" Ayobadnjjq* ugm

loyfmy DIO at bop ugm Nttatunbu DIO* y}bbab` ugm enq uo enq o{mynuaobt ol ugm em{nyufmbu* pgajm ugm

d}yymbu DIO at unthme paug djmnbab` }{ ugm fmtt ol ugm UDO emindjm loy pgadg gm pnt jny`mjq

ymt{obtaijm"

Ugat pnt bou ugm laytu uafm ugm Em{nyufmbu gne uo em|oum uafm uo ymeo {n{mypoyh" [ym|ao}tjq

ugm abumyaf DIO gne immb ymt{obtaijm loy gayab` nb o}utaem dobt}junbu uo {yo|aem abt{mduaob tmy|admt

loy ugm Em{nyufmbu dotuab` g}beymet ol ugo}tnbet ol eojjnyt" ]bloyu}bnumjq ugm dobt}junbu {yo|aeme

}bjadmbtme abt{mduoyt uo eo ugm poyh* n lndu ugnu ugm abumyaf DIO lnajme uo bouadm" ]juafnumjq ugm att}m

pnt mw{otme iq ugm {ymtt nbe ugm dobt}junbu ym{nae ugmay lmm* ugo}`g ugm em{nyufmbu gne uo ò indh

nbe ym&eo g}beymet ol abt{mduaobt" Njjopab` }bjadmbtme abt{mduoyt uo eo abt{mduaobt loy nb mwumbeme

{myaoe ol uafm pnt bou njj ugnu t}y{yatab` uo }t à|mb ugnu ugm abumyaf DIO eae bou eo n tab`jm

m|nj}nuaob ol nbq mf{joqmm ugm mbuaym uafm gm pnt ab dgny`m"

Gop n em{nyufmbu dnb im y}b ab ugat fnbbmy loy to job` paugo}u nbq ym{myd}ttaobt loy ugm

{mytob ab dgny`m at gnye uo }bemytunbe i}u au laut ab paug pgnu pm gmnye ym`nyeab` ugm bmwu uo{ad"

i" Jndh ol Eatda{jabnyq N}ugoyauq

Obm att}m iyo}`gu }{ iq paubmtt nlumy paubmtt at ugm {mydm{uaob ugnu bo obm m|my mut layme loy

abdof{mumbdm nu ugm eatuyadu" Ugm fnab ymntob n{{mnyt uo im jndh ol t}{{oyu lyof tmbaoy fnbn`mfmbu

pgo f}tu `mu ugm layab` {ntu ugm }baob nbe ugm {mytobbmj em{nyufmbu nbe labnjjq tmmh n{{yo|nj lyof

ugm Ionye" Nddoyeab` uo paubmttmt* tmbaoy fnbn`mfmbu labet au mntamy uo c}tu tnq bo nbe jmu faeejm

fnbn`myt emnj paug {yoijmf mf{joqmmt" Ugm toj}uaob loy fnbq em{nyufmbut at uo taf{jq nee foym

tunll* a|m ugm dyauadnj poyh uo ugm bmp mf{joqmmt nbe fo|m ugm abdof{mumbu nbe jnsq uo nbougmy jmtt

emtaynijm coi oy jodnuaob* oy jmlu nu ugm coi i}u à|mb jauujm oy bougab` uo eo"


17/52

Fmnbpgajm* mf{joqmmt pgo eo ugmay coi uoo pmjj nbe eynp ugm aym ol maugmy dobuynduoyt oy

Ionye fmfimyt iq emfnbeab` ~}njauq {yoe}dut nbe negmymbdm uo y}jmt nbe {yodme}ymt ymdma|m ugm

tnfm uymnufmbu oy poytm" Fnbn`myt }b{youmdume iq ]baob fmfimytga{ nym ob m|mb ugabbmy adm"

Obm mwnf{jm dnb im lo}be ab ugm Lndajauamt nbe Dobtuy}duaob Fnbn`mfmbu Ea|ataob" Nu obm

{oabu ab ugm jntu lmp qmnyt ugmym pmym nt fnbq nt tm|mbuq [Ft mf{joqme iq ugm Ea|ataob" Nddoyeab`

uo tm|mynj paubmttmt* abdj}eab` upo ga`g jm|mj fnbn`myt* ugmym pnt objq bmme loy 9=&4=" Obm fnbn`my

pmbu to lny nt uo tnq gm do}je gn|m ouumb iq paug nt jauujm nt upmj|m [Ft" Ugm fnbn`myt dof{jnabme

ol ugm bmny af{ottaiajauq ol gn|ab` nbqobm layme bo fnuumy gop m`ym`ao}t ugmay imgn|aoy" Obm [F

iynsmbjq ynb n taem i}tabmtt lyof gat dmjj {gobm e}yab` olladm go}yt" Fnbn`myt umtualame ugmq lojjopme

mf{joqmmt nbe tnp ugmf unhab` oll mnyjq oy y}bbab` myynbet loy go}yt nbe ugmb jqab` nio}u pgmym ugmq

pmym e}yab` ugm poyhenq" Nuumf{ut uo laym tunll pmym yo}uabmjq u}ybme eopb iq @nyymutob* pgo ab nbq

dntm po}je bmme ugm dobd}yymbdm ol ugm T}{myabumbembu nbe n fncoyauq |oum ol ugm Ionye" M|mb foym

[Ft pmym neeme nu @nyymutobt imgmtu emt{aum {youmtut lyof ugm [F t}{my|atoyt" Au pnt ugm o{abaob ol

fnbn`mfmbu ugnu fnbq ol ugmtm {otauaobt pmym dymnume loy dyobamt ol maugmy @nyymutob oy Ionye

fmfimyt" [Ft nym {nae imupmmb %7;*;;; nbe %>;;*;;; em{mbeab` ob mw{myambdm" M|mb unhab` ugm

fotu dobtmy|nua|m la`}ym lyof ugm paubmttmt* yme}dab` ugm b}fimy ol [Ft uo 4= do}je gn|m tn|me nt

f}dg nt %4"= fajjaob n qmny ab tnjnyamt"

Ugm b}fimy ol [Ft gnt bop immb tjntgme i}u e}m objq uo ugm nloymfmbuaobme i}e`mu d}ut nbe

ugm mbe ol ugm i}ajeab` ioof* bou tofm bmp lo}be fnbn`mfmbu abauanua|m" Ob ugm ougmy gnbe n tmbaoy

tunllmy ab ugm Em{nyufmbu* paug n ym{}unuaob loy ymtatuab` {ymtt}ym uo ta`b oll ob tgoeeq oy abdof{jmum

poyhoy n{{yo|ab` }bbmdmttnyq dgnb`m oyemyt* pnt jmu `o nlumy gat iow pnt ymfo|me lyof ugm

oy`nbasnuaobnj dgnyu" Uy}m uo loyf* pgmb gm nthme loy nb mw{jnbnuaob* bo obm ab ugm Eatuyadu po}je


18/52

unhm ymt{obtaiajauq loy ugnu emdataob"

d" Abla`guab`

Loy qmnyt* paubmttmt tnq* abt{mduoyt nbe {yocmdu fnbn`myt gn|m immb lamydmjq i}uuab` gmnet*

mndg ijnfab` ugm ougmy loy emjnqt nbe pntume fobmq" Ugm abt{mduoyt djnaf [Ft njjop dobuynduoyt uo

y}b yo}`gtgoe* d}uuab` doybmyt* |aojnuab` doemt nbe `muuab` dgnb`m oyemyt dgny`me uo ugm eatuyadu" Ugm

[Ft djnaf fnbq abt{mduoyt nym gq{my&umdgbadnj bau{adhmyt* olumb fatabumy{ymuab` doem nbe

}bbmdmttnyajq gojeab` }{ {yocmdut* }juafnumjq dotuab` unw{nqmyt foym fobmq"

Pm eobu dgootm taemt gmym boyeo pm bmme uo" Ugm ln}ju djmnyjq at paug }{{my fnbn`mfmbu"

Ugm {yoijmf nddoyeab` uo paubmttmt gnt mwatume loy qmnyt qmu fnbn`mfmbu gnt lnajme uo ymtoj|m au"

Emt{aum qmnyt ol ndd}tnuaobt nbe ymdyafabnuaobt iq ioug taemt* fnbn`mfmbu paug obm `jnyab`

mwdm{uaob* > gnt bou layme nbqobm* eatda{jabme nbqobm* ymntta`bme nbqobm* ollmyme neeauaobnj uynabab`*

oy ab nbq pnq {yo{otme toj}uaobt" Ugat at bou ugm laytu uafm ugat att}m gnt immb iyo}`gu uo ugm nuumbuaob

ol eatuyadu olladanjt" Ugm 9;;9 Ym{oyu gne ugat uo tnq nio}u au"

Tdgooj abt{mduoyt nym t}{{otme uo poyh abem{mbembujq ol ugm Lndajauamt Ea|ataob"

Ugmay t}{my|atoy at ugm I}ajeab` Olladanj8 gat t}{my|atoy ym{oyut eaymdujq uo ugm

T}{myabumbembu nbe bou uo ugm Lndajauamt Ea|ataob"

> Ab 9;;= ugm Eatuyadu laytu ymntta`bme ugmb jnumy layme Dgnyjmbm Ijndhpooe* nu ugnu uafm TmbaoyT}{my|atoy ol Abt{mduoyt* loy njjm`mejq imab` abt}ioyeabnum" Tgm ab u}yb lajme t}au djnafab` abmttmbdm ugm Eatuyadu pnt ymunjanuab` loy ijopab` ugm pgatujm ob b}fmyo}t t}t{mdu {ynduadmt nu

ugm Lndajauamt Ea|ataob" Nlumy qmnyt ol jaua`nuaob tgm ymdma|me n tmuujmfmbu lyof ugm Eatuyadupgadg pnt paemjq {}ijadasme"

Uo ugm mwumbu ugat pnt ugm Eatuyadut mlloyu uo ymtoj|m ugm nbafotauq imupmmb ugm abt{mduoyt nbeugm {yocmdu fnbn`myt8 au n{{nymbujq gne jauujm uo bo mllmdu8 ugm att}mt dobuab}me }bninume

nddoyeab` uo paubmttmt"


19/52

Pm gn|m ymdma|me umtuafobq ugnu uymfmbeo}t nbafotauq mwatut imupmmb tofm fmfimyt

ol ugm abt{mduaob umnf nbe ugm Lndajauamt Em{nyufmbu* ugmtm abt{mduoyt nbe ugmaydojjmn`}mt* nbe ugmtm abt{mduoyt nbe ugmay t}{my|atoyt"

Ioug taemt tmmf uo |amp mndg ougmy paug t}t{adaob nbe eatjahm* nbe mndg taem tmmft uoym`nye ugm ougmy nt a`boynbu* abuynbta`mbu* nbe foua|nume iq ine lnaug" Pm gn|m njtogmnye umtuafobq pgadg t}{{oyut ioug taemt' ny`}fmbut"

Paugo}u tofmioeq joohab` o}u loy ugm imtu abumymtu ol ugm unw{nqmyt* tdgoojt fnqdobuab}m uo im i}aju nt {ooyjq nt ugmq pmym umb uo lalummb qmnyt n`o"

e" Jndh ol Uynabab` nbe Tunbenyeasnuaob loy Abt{mduoytEatda{jabab` oy layab` abt{mduoyt po}je im n {yoijmf tabdm ugm {ym|ao}t DIO* ab |aojnuaob ol

tdgooj ionye {ojadq eae bou eo nbq m|nj}nuaobt ol tunll loy = qmnyt" Au at abdof{ymgmbtaijm gop nbq

fnbn`my dnb `mu npnq paug ugnu ab nb oy`nbasnuaob ol ugat tasm" Gop ugat do}je gn|m immb fattme* oy

a`boyme* iq gat t}{my|atoy at imqobe imjaml" Ugm bmp DIO* objq ob ugm coi loy nio}u n qmny* gnt immb

}bnijm uo eo nbq m|nj}nuaobt imdn}tm gm at tpnf{me uyqab` uo law ugm nloymfmbuaobme UDO emindjm"

Fmnbpgajm ugm loyfmy DIO at bop ugmNttu" DIO nbe y}bt ugm enq uo enq o{mynuaobt ol ugm olladm"

Uo dof{jadnum fnuumyt l}yugmy* ugmym n{{mnyt uo im bo tunbenye fnb}nj nbe bo tunbenyeasme

uynabab` loy abt{mduoyt" M|mb al nbq m|nj}nuaobt gne immb eobm* pm eobu hbop gop nbq mf{joqmm dnb

im dnjjme uo unth pgmb ugmym nym bo djmny tunbenyet ob gop uo eo ugotm untht"

Ugm jndh ol tunbenyeasme uynabab` at m|mb foym {yoijmfnuad uoenq imdn}tm ol ugm Eatuyadut

i}e`mu d}ut" E}m uo }baob tmbaoyauq y}jmt* mf{joqmmt jmu o ab ugm [F em{nyufmbu gn|m i}f{me oy

ym{jndme jmtt tmbaoy abt{mduoyt* m|mb ugo}`g ugmq nym bou uynabme oy jadmbtme abt{mduoyt ugmftmj|mt"

Ugmq gn|m babmuq enqt }bemy tunum tunu}um tawuq enqt {}yt}nbu uo ugm }baob dobuyndu! uo n{{jq loy n

jadmbtm i}u paugo}u n tunbenyeasme {yo`ynf ab {jndm ugmay uynabab` dobtatut ol taf{jq yaeab` nyo}be

paug ougmy abt{mduoyt nbe jmnybab` iq pnudgab`"


20/52

m" ]tm ol ]buynabme Abt{mduoyt

Pgadg iyab`t }t uo ugm bmwu {yoijmf8 ugm }tm ol }bjadmbtme* }buynabme oy }bemyuynabme

abt{mduoyt" Fnbq Eatuyadu mf{joqmmt gn|m {youmduaob n`nabtu jnqollt ugyo}`g ugmay ]baob dobuyndu" Au

ugmq nym jnae oll ugmq gn|m ugm o{uaob ol i}f{ab` n jmtt tmbaoy mf{joqmm o}u ol ugmay {otauaob m|mb al

ugmq nym bou ~}njalame loy ugm coi ugmq gn|m fo|me abuo" ]bemy ugm dobuyndu ugmq gn|m n qmny uo

emfobtuynum {yoladambdq ab ugmay bmp {otauaob" Jahm n yop ol eofabomt* ugm mf{joqmmt ugmq|m

i}f{me dnb tafajnyjq i}f{ jmtt tmbaoy {mo{jm }buaj labnjjq tofmioeq at o}u ol n coi nbe obm oy foym

mf{joqmmt gn|m tmuujme abuo bmp coit ugnu ugmq fnq oy fnq bou im ~}njalame loy" Pm eobu gn|m ugm

uafm uo emj|m abuo ugm pateof ol ugat {ynduadm nbe pm }bemytunbe fnbn`mfmbut gnbet nym uame

tofmpgnu iq ugat {yo|ataob ol ugm }baob dobuyndu"

Ugm pnq aut immb gnbejme nu ugm I}ajeab` Em{nyufmbu* gopm|my gnt immb eatdo}yn`ab`" Lo}y

[Ft paug bo abt{mduoyt jadmbtmt pmym uynbtlmyyme ugmym ab C}jq 9;>;" Nddoyeab` uo umtuafobq pm

ymdma|me ugmtm bmp mf{joqmmt pmym ntta`bme iq ugm Nttu DIO tgoyujq nlumy nyya|ab` uo eo ugmay opb

abt{mduaobt paug bo o|myta`gu oy t}{my|ataob" Ugat pnt nlumy n iyaml {myaoe ol bo foym ugnb 9&4 pmmht

ol yaeab` nyo}be paug jadmbtme abt{mduoyt" L}yugmyfoym* ugmay ym{oyut pmym `a|mb bo t{mdanj tdy}uabq

iq ugm Nttu DIO }{ob ugmay ymu}yb uo ugm olladm lyof ugm lamje"

M|mb foym eatn{{oabuab` pnt gmnyab` ugmym pmym jadmbtme abt{mduoyt n|najnijm uo eo ugm coi

ugnu tnu aejm nu ugm olladm" Pm emumyfabme ugnu nu jmntu obm ol ugotm abt{mduoyt tauuab` aejm gne n gatuoyq*

bou t}y{yatab`jq* ol lnajab` abt{mduaobt emt{aum {ymtt}ym lyof ugm dobuynduoyt nbe fnbn`mfmbu uo jmu

ugab`t tjaem" Nbougmy abt{mduoy pnt ymntta`bme uo eo laym abt{mduaobt imdn}tm ol ugm }baob i}f{ab`

{yodmtt pgadg jmlu ugm Em{nyufmbu tgoyugnbeme ol ~}njalame abt{mduoyt" ]bloyu}bnumjq* laym abt{mduaobt

pmym bou gmy mw{myuatm"


21/52

Aut bou mntq imab` nb abt{mduoy oy n [F loy ugm Eatuyadu" Pm gn|m gmnye umtuafobq ugnu ioug

`yo}{t yo}uabmjq gn|m uo uojmynum |myinj ni}tm lyof dobuynduoyt nbe |mbeoyt pgmbm|my eatn`ymmfmbut

nyatm" Imab` nb`yajq imynume nbe i}jjame* ioug ab ugm lamje nbe m|mb nu fmmuab`t ab ugm {ymtmbdm ol

fnbn`mfmbu* at bou }bdoffob" Tofmuafmt ugm ni}tm dnb `mu {gqtadnj" Obm yoolab` abt{mduoy djnaft

uo gn|m immb dgntme nyo}be iq n gnffmy pamjeab` loymfnb ol n yoolab` t}idobuynduoy ugnu gne lnajme

abt{mduaob" Pm hbop ol nu jmntu obm [F ugnu ndu}njjq ou abuo n latula`gu paug n dobuynduoy" Ugm pofmb

mf{joqme iq ugm Eatuyadu fnq gn|m au poytm" Obm umtualame nio}u n dobuynduoy ugnu {}u gat gnbe abtaem

gmy imju nbe {}jjme gmy djotm uo fnhm gat {oabu e}yab` n eatd}ttaob" Nu jmntu upo lmfnjm abt{mduoyt lmju

ugm bmme uo nth loy fnjm dopoyhmyt uo nddof{nbq ugmf uo abt{mduaobt" Ugmtm abdaembut gn|m bm|my jme

uo nbq dobtm~}mbdmt loy ugm dobuynduoyt"

Ab lndu pgmbm|my eat{}umt nyatm paug eallad}ju [Ft oy abt{mduoyt pm gn|m immb uoje ugnu ugm

yo}uabm at* ugm dobuynduoy dof{jnabt uo ugm Ionye fmfimy* ugm Ionye fmfimy dnjjt ugm Em{}uq

T}{myabumbembu* ugm Em{}uq T}{myabumbembu tmbet ugm poye eopb* nbe ugm [F oy abt{mduoy at ymfo|me

lyof ugm {yocmdu" Ugat fmttn`m gnt immb tmbu ym{mnumejq o|my ugm qmnyt nbe iq nbe jny`m fotu poyhmyt

lyof uo{ uo iouuof gn|m ymdma|me au" Objq ugm fotu tu}iioyb dobuab}m uo i}uu ugmay gmnet n`nabtu ugm

pnjj iq `oab` n`nabtu dobuynduoyt nbe Ionye fmfimyt"

l" Abnem~}num Ymdoye Hmm{ab`

O}y ym|amp ol ugm Eatuyadut i}ajeab` {ynduadmt pnt gnf{myme iq ugm dgnjjmb`m ol tmd}yab`

dof{jmum nbe ndd}ynum ymdoyet" Au pnt eallad}ju uo gn|m doblaembdm ab ugm b}fimyt nbe eod}fmbut

{yo|aeme uo }t hbopab` ugmym pnt bo emlabaua|m {jndm pgmym njj DOt* UDOt* Dmyualadnumt ol

Dof{jmuaob nbe Dmyualadnumt ol Abt{mduaob f}tu im fnabunabme* mt{mdanjjq ab ja`gu ol ugm umtuafobq

ym`nyeab` ugm att}mt mbdo}bumyme iq U}dhmy"


22/52

Ab oyemy uo emumyfabm gop fnbq i}ajeab`t pmym ndu}njjq odd}{ame paugo}u maugmy n DO oy UDO

imab` att}me* nt o{{otme uo taf{jq gn|ab` jotu oy fatlajme ugm eod}fmbut* pm ym~}mtume ymdoyet lyof

ugm Ljoyaen Em{nyufmbu ol Me}dnuaobt Olladm ol Me}dnuaobnj Lndajauamt OML!" T{mdaladnjjq pm nthme

loy m|myq Dmyualadnum ol Odd}{nbdq Loyf >>;I!* m|myq Dmyualadnum ol Labnj Abt{mduaob Loyf 9;1! nbe

m|myq [yocmdu Af{jmfmbunuaob Loyf Loyf>>;N! lajme iq ugm Eatuyadu o|my ugm jntu la|m qmnyt"

Ugm ymt}jut pmym tgodhab`" Ab ugm jntu = qmnyt OML gnt bou ymdma|me n tab`jm Loyf >>;N" Ugmq

gn|m ymdma|me n uounj ol c}tu upo Loyf 9;1t nbe obm Loyf >>;I" Ugmtm eod}fmbut nym ym~}ayme uo im

lajme paug OML iq L"T" >;>4"409!d!" ]bloyu}bnumjq ugm tunu}um af{otmt bo {mbnjuq loy lnaj}ym uo

dof{jq"

Ugm eod}fmbut ugnu ugm Eatuyadu eaedymnum nbe hmm{ jodnjjq nym `mbmynjjq abdof{jmum nbe

abnem~}numjq eobm" Tmm loy mwnf{jm o}y ym|amp ol eod}fmbut ab [nyu A\N!>!" Aut nt al bo obm nu ugm

Eatuyadu at dobdmybme paug eoab` nbqugab` ugm ya`gu pnq"

Loy mwnf{jm* ol o|my >5; DOt att}me iq ugm I}ajeab` Em{nyufmbu o|my ugm jntu la|m qmnyt objq

97 pmym ta`bme iq ugm T}{myabumbembu nbe objq

{yocmdu gne immb nddm{ume iq ugm Ionye" O|my n ugaye

]"T" Em{nyufmbu ol Gofmjnbe Tmd}yauq dobe}dume nb n}eau ol {}ijad nttatunbdm l}bet npnyeme uo ugm

Iyopnye Do}buq Tdgooj Ionye iq LMFN loy ym{nayt bmdmttaunume iq G}yyadnbm Pajfn nbe Hnuyabn"

Tmm Mwgaiau7 K {nyn`yn{g d! Ugm n}eau do|myme %>="0 fajjaob ol ugm %5= fajjaob ymdma|me ugyo}`g


23/52

Tm{umfimy 9;;1" Ol ugnu nfo}bu ugm n}eau ~}mtuaobme njfotu %>= fajjaob nt }bymntobnijm*

}bt}{{oyume* }bbmdmttnyq* oy mwdmtta|m" Ugm i}jh ol ugnu nfo}bu* %>5"0 fajjaob* pnt lo}be uo im

}bt}{{oyume ab ugnu ugm Ionye pnt }bnijm uo {yo|aem to}ydm eod}fmbunuaob t}dg nt dnbdmjjme

dgmdht* {nae iajjt* {nqyojj* uafm nbe nuumbenbdm ymdoyet* dobuyndut nbe t}idobuyndut npnye eod}fmbut*

mud

Ugat at ioug mfinyynttab` nbe }bnddm{unijm" ]bjmtt ugm Eatuyadu dnb dofm }{ paug {n{mypoyh

uo tnuatlq LMFN* Iyopnye unw{nqmyt fnq }juafnumjq gn|m uo mnu ugat iajj" L}yugmyfoym ugm lmemynj

`o|mybfmbu fnq |myq pmjj n}eau ugm ougmy %4; fajjaob {yo|aeme iq LMFN nbe pm tmm bo ymntob pgq

ugm Eatuyadu pajj lnym nbq imuumy }bemy ugnu n}eau"

Pm njto boum ugnu n ymdmbu bmpt nyuadjm ab ugm T}b&Tmbuabmj* enume 1/>4/9;>;* lod}tab` ob

Iyopnye tdgooj dobtuy}duaob att}mt gne ugat uo tnq nio}u ugm Eatuyadut ymdoye hmm{ab` {ymdatmjq

pgo i}aju gop f}dg* pgmb nbe nu pgnu dotu do}je bou mntajq im uyndhme" Ugm tdgooj tqtumf gnt bo

dmbuynj* gatuoyadnj em{otauoyq lyof pgadg uo eynp t}dg intad abloyfnuaob" Imdn}tm ugm tdgooj

tqtumft ymdoyet pmym abdof{jmum* abdof{nuaijm nbe yaeejme paug myyoyt* ugm bmpt{n{my }juafnumjq

ymjame gmn|ajq ob dotu ol dobtuy}duaob ym{oyut lajme paug ugm tunum"

Lynbhjq* pm nym ntuobatgme ugnu ugat Ionye dnb fadyofnbn`m ugm dobtuy}duaob {yo`ynf nt au

eomt nbe tuajj im to ijabe uo ugm job`tunbeab` {yoijmft ugnu gn|m {jn`}me ugm Eatuyadu nbe jme uo to

f}dg pntum* lyn}e nbe ni}tm" Ugm ia``mtu {yoijmf at ugnu ugm Ionye at fnem }{ ol babm {ojauadanbt

fnhab` emdataobt ob gop uo t{mbe ougmy {mo{jmt fobmq" ]bloyu}bnumjq ugmq gn|m emfobtuynume uafm

nbe n`nab ugnu ugmay joqnjuamt jam paug ugm dobuynduoyt* bou ugm unw{nqmyt pgmb emdaeab` gop uo t{mbe au"

Ugm Ionyet lnaj}ym uo o|mytmm ugm eatuyadu nbe unhm oy emfnbe doyymdua|m nduaob atbu ugm poytu

ol au" Pgmb au eomt unhm nduaob* ugab`t olumb `mu poytm"


24/52


25/52

I" Lnaj}ymt ol ugm Ionye>" Fadyofnbn`ab` nbe Jndh ol Nddo}buniajauq

Ugm pnq ugm Ionye dnyyamt o}u aut enq uo enq i}tabmtt at tmu }{ uo njjop pntuml}j nbe e}iao}t

t{mbeab` ob ajj dobdma|me aemnt* nbe uo eaymdu ugnu t{mbeab` uopnyet lyambet* nd~}nabunbdmt oy

t}{{oyumyt ol Ionye fmfimyt paugo}u nbq nddo}buniajauq" Obm pnq ugmq eo ugnu at iq fnhab` abloyfnj

emdataobt nu Ionye poyhtgo{t nbe ymuymnut oy m|mb e}yab` uynabab` tmttaobt* nbe ugmb ynualqab` ugmay

emdataobt iq }tm ol n dobtmbu n`mben"

Ugm Ionye n`mben at tmu iq ugm T}{myabumbembu nbe gat Mwmd}ua|m Jmnemytga{ Umnf MJU!"

Nbqobm pgo pnbut uo gn|m nb aumf {jndme ob ugm Ionye n`mben bmmet uo lajj o}u nb n`mben aumf

ym~}mtu loyf pgadg at ugmb yo}ume uo ugm T}{myabumbembut olladm" Ugmym ugm aumf at eatd}ttme iq ugm

T}{myabumbembu nbe ugm MJU" Al ugmym at bo bmme loy Eatuyadu tunll uo l}yugmy ym|amp oy nbnjqsm ugm

{yo{otme aumf au at {jndme ob maugmy ugm ym`}jny oy ugm dobtmbu n`mben" Ugm n`mben at uq{adnjjq tmu

n{{yowafnumjq upo pmmht imloym ugm Ionye fmmuab`" Gopm|my tofm n`mben aumft* ymlmyyme uo nt jnum

aumft dnb im neeme nt jnum nt ugm Lyaenq imloym ugm U}mtenq Ionye fmmuab`" Ugmtm aumft nym bou

nbbo}bdme }buaj ugm im`abbab` ol ugm Ionye fmmuab`"

Ugm dobtmbu n`mben nu Ionye fmmuab`t dobunabt t}{{otmejq bob&dobuyo|mytanj aumft8 aumft

pgadg nym bou eatd}ttme oy eminume ab {}ijad i}u nym taf{jq j}f{me uo`mugmy uo im |oume ob iq taf{jm

|oadm |oum" Ymfnyhnijq* t{mbeab` aumft }{ uo %> fajjaob nym n}uofnuadnjjq abdj}eme ob ugm dobtmbu

n`mben {}yt}nbu uo Ionye {ojadq" Ugmq pabe }{ taem iq taem paug abbod}o}t ymtoj}uaobt ab t}{{oyu ol

Bnuaobnj Fn`bmu Tdgoojt ol Nfmyadn Fobug nbe ugm jahm"

Ugm objq aumft ugnu nym ym~}aymeuo n{{mny ob ugm ym`}jny n`mben nym aumft o|my %> fajjaob*


26/52

{ojadq emdataobt nbe {mytobbmj emdataobt" Aumft ob ugm dobtmbu n`mben dnb im {}jjme loy eatd}ttaob iq

ugm {}ijad oy nbq Ionye fmfimy" @a|mb ugm jndh ol fmnbab`l}j bouadm oy abloyfnuaob nio}u ugm aumft*

aut n tfnjj pobemy ugmq nym ynymjq al m|my {}jjme iq nbq fmfimy ol ugm {}ijad* boy tgo}je au im ugmay

i}yemb uo eo to"

Ab o}y o{abaob al nb aumf ob ugm n`mben at uoo uya|anj oy abdobtm~}mbuanj uo ym~}aym nbq eminum

oy eatd}ttaob ugmb ugm aumf {yoinijq tgo}jebu im ob ugm n`mben nbe ugm Ionye tgo}je bou im pntuab`

aut uafm ob au" Emjm`num ugm emdataob uo ugm eatuyadu nbe im eobm paug au" Nu jmntu ugnu pnq ugmym pajj im

obm {mytob ugnu dnb im gmje ymt{obtaijm ynugmy ugnb n `yo}{ ol babm {ojauadanbt" [jndab` aumft ob n

dobtmbu n`mben at c}tu n pnq uo hmm{ dobuyoj pgajm eoeàb` ymt{obtaiajauq"

Pm imjam|m ugm Ionyet emtaym uo gn|m ugmtm labnbdanj aumft ob ugm n mben at uame uo ugm bnu}ynj

emtaym ol tofm {ojauadanbt uo im tunbeab` bmnyiq pgmbm|my ugm unw{nqmyt dntg ymàtumy at o{mbme"

Pm gn|m njymneq tmmb gop ugm Ionye nbe Eatuyadu dnb tgayh ugmay e}uq iq }tab` ugm dobtmbu n`mben

ab ymjnuaob uo emdymntab` ymunabn`m ab [nyu A\N!>!e!" Gmym nym tofm foym mwnf{jmt"

n" Ugm Dobt}junbuN tmyamt ol dobuyndut loy dobt}juab` tmy|admt imupmmb 9;;0 nbe 9;>;* pgajm lny lyof ugm

ia``mtu pntum ol fobmq* at nb n{u mwnf{jm ol gop ugm dobtmbu n`mben dnb im }tme uo gaem ioug

pntuml}j t{mbeab` nbe fadyo&fnbnàb` iq ugm Ionye"

Ab 9;;= ugm Eatuyadu nbe Ionye }bemypmbu nb nddymeaunuaob ym|amp iq ugm To}ugmyb Nttodanuaob

ol Dojjm`mt nbe Tdgoojt TNDT!" B}fmyo}t paubmttmt umtualame ugnu TNDT emumyfabme ugnu Ionye

fmfimyt pmym bou nduab` ab n dojjmànj* dogmta|m fnbbmy* nbe ab lndu ugm Ionye pnt eqtl}bduaobnj nbe

{yobm uo {muuq abla`guab`" Ugm af{mu}t imgabe gayab` n dobt}junbu uo {yo|aem jmnemytga{ uynabab` nbe

umnf i}ajeab` loy ugm Ionye pnt TNDTymdoffmbenuaob ugnu Ionye fmfimyt mb`n`m ab {yolmttaobnj


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em|mjo{fmbu

Nt n ymt}ju* au pnt emumyfabme ugnu nb o}utaem dobt}junbu po}je im gayme uo {yo|aem uynabab` uo

ugm Ionye" Imloym ugm em{}uq t}{myabumbembu pgo pnt unthme paug labeab`/tdymmbab` dnbeaenumt do}je

labatg* tgm fmu paug ugm loyfmy Ionye dgnay pgo uoje gmy pm lo}be tofmobm pm jahm" Pgajm ugm

em{}uq ntt}fme ugm pm fmnbu ugm Ionye nt n pgojm* ab lndu ugm Ionye dgnay pnt taf{jq {nttab` ob n

bnfm `a|mb uo gmy iq nbougmy Ionye fmfimy pgo ab u}yb gne fmu ugm dobt}junbu nu eabbmy paug gmy

joiiqatu g}tinbe" Ugm dobt}junbu* pm pmym uoje* gne {ym|ao}tjq poyhme paug ugm Ionye fmfimyt

g}tinbe ob n tafajny {yocmdu" Bmaugmy ugm em{}uq* boy ugm t}{myabumbembu ~}mtuaobme pgq n Ionye

fmfimy po}je im gnbe {adhab` n dobt}junbu8 ab lndu ugat pnt c}tu nbougmy mwnf{jm ol n Ionye fmfimy

i}uuab` abuo ugm enq uo enq o{mynuaobt ol ugm Eatuyadu* n {ynduadm ugnu Eatuyadu olladanjt pmym ndd}tuofme

uo nu ugm uafm nbe n {ynduadm ugnu po}je poytmb eynfnuadnjjq ab ugm dofab` qmnyt"

Nlumy fmmuab` paug ugm Ionye dgnay* ugm em{}uq t}{myabumbembu ym~}mtume ugnu ugm {yo{otnj uo

gaym ugm dobt}junbu im {jndme ob ugm Ionye n`mben" Imdn}tm ugm dobuyndu pnt }bemy %>fajjaob* au pmbu

ob ugm dobtmbu n`mben nbe paugo}u {}ijad eatd}ttaob oy eminum ugm dobuyndu pnt n{{yo|me" Nu bo uafm

pnt ugmym nbq eatdjot}ym ol nbq ymjnuaobtga{ imupmmb ugm dobt}junbu nbe nbq Ionye fmfimy boy eae

ugm Ionye fmfimy pgo abauanjjq ymdoffmbeme ugm dobt}junbu nitunab lyof |ouab`" Ugat jndh ol

eatdjot}ym dobuab}me o|my ugm bmwu tm|mynj qmnyt emt{aum pgnu pm emumyfabme uo im n todanj

ymjnuaobtga{ imupmmb ugm Ionye fmfimy nbe gmy g}tinbe nbe ugm dobt}junbu nbe gat palm intme ob

umtuafobq pm ymdma|me nt pmjj nt n ym|amp ol m&fnajt imupmmb ugm {nyuamt"

Ugm dobuyndu {nae ugm dobt}junbu %49= {my go}y* %>


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thqiow tmnut uo n Eoj{gab loouinjj `nfm" N tmyamt ol dobuyndu ymbmpnjt pmym {jndme ob ugm dobtmbu

n`mben o|my ugm bmwu ugymm qmnyt* }juafnumjq {nqab` ugm dobt}junbu %44>*;;;" Ugm laytu upo n`mben

aumft enume Lmiy}nyq 9;* 9;;0 nbe Fnq 99* 9;;0* pmym loy dobuyndut paug dn{t ol %0=*;;; nbe

%>;;*;;;" Bmaugmy Ionye aumf fmbuaobme ugm TNDT ymdoffmbenuaob nt c}tualadnuaob" Ugm laytu

dobtmbu n`mben aumf uo fmbuaob ugm TNDT ymdoffmbenuaob pnt enume Oduoimy 9>* 9;;7" Ugnu

n`mben aumf njto neeme ugm lndajaunuaob ol ugm T}{myabumbembut m|nj}nuaob uo ugm tdo{m ol ugm

dobt}junbut poyh* ugo}`g }tab` n dobt}junbu uo nttatu ugm Ionye ab m|nj}nuab` ugm T}{myabumbembu pnt

bm|my fmbuaobme ab ugm TNDT n}eau ymdoffmbenuaobt" [ym|ao}tjq ugnu gne immb eobm loy lymm iq

Eatuyadu tunll" Jnumy ugm tdo{m ol gat poyh pnt mw{nbeme n`nab uo abdj}em uynbtauaobab` ugm d}yymbu

Ionye nuuoybmq uo nb mfmyau}t {otauaob* nbe gmj{ab` uo gaym n bmp Ionye nuuoybmq"

Ugmtm emdataobt uo mw{nbe ugm tdo{m ol ugm dobt}junbut poyh pmym bou fnem nu ym`}jny Ionye

fmmuab`t boy m|mb poyhtgo{t* i}u abtumne e}yab` ugm Ionye uynabab` tmttaobt paug ugm dobt}junbu"

Ugmtm emdataobt pmym ugmb ynualame paugo}u eminum oy {}ijad eatd}ttaob iq }tab` ugm dobtmbu n`mben"

Nt ugm Ionye po}je toob labe o}u* ugmq do}je gn|m gayme tafajnyjq ~}njalame jodnj dobt}junbut

loy lny jmtt" Ab 9;;1* ugm Eatuyadu to}`gu o}u njumybnua|mt nbe pnt ~}oume %>;; {my go}y* bou ugm

dofiabme %57= dgny`me iq ugm {ym|ao}t dobt}junbu" Ab lndu* c}tu loy ugm lndajaunuaob ol ugm

t}{myabumbenbut m|nj}nuaob* ugm ~}oumt pmym %;*;;; nbe %44*;;;"

Pgmb au dofmt uo t{mbeab` unw{nqmyt fobmq ugm Ionye at ymdhjmtt" Pgmb {ymtmbume paug ugm

{yo{otnjt nu ugm poyhtgo{ ab Oduoimy ol 9;;1* ugmq abloyfnjjq eaymdume ugm T}{myabumbembu uo

dobuab}m paug ugm tnfm dobt}junbu nu %44*;;;" Bou objq ugnu* ugmq njto io}`gu abuo n upo enq uynabab`

tmfabny lyof ugm tnfm dobt}junbu loy %>4*;;;"

Jodnj dobt}junbut pmym bou ugm objq o{uaobt loy ugm Ionye uo dobtaemy" Ab C}jq 9;;7 ugm Ionye


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|oume uo {nq e}mt uo ugm Ljoyaen Tdgooj Ionyet Nttodanuaob ab ugm nfo}bu ol %94*


30/52

i" Imndgtaem Ioobeo``jm

Ugm i}ajeab` ol pgnu at bop hbopb nt Imndgtaem Fobumttoya* abauanjjq emta`bnume Mjmfmbunyq

@&>* ugmb Mjmfmbunyq D&>! at n fadyodotf ol m|myqugab` ugnu at pyob` paug ugm Ionye nbe Eatuyadu3

abumylmymbdm iq ugm Ionye ab ugm i}ajeab` ol {yocmdut* ln|oyauatf ab ugm tmjmduab` oy hmm{ab` ol

dobuynduoyt* y}tgab` {yocmdut uo dobuyndu paugo}u dof{jmum {jnbt* dotu o|myy}bt* pntuab` unw eojjnyt ob

}bbmdmttnyq nbe }bc}tualame {yocmdut* }bajnumynj emdataob fnhab` iq abea|ae}nj Ionye fmfimyt* tuyob`

nyfab` jodnj bma`gioygooet* lnaj}ym uo gn|m nbq fmnbab`l}j o|myta`gu oy eatd}ttaob nt n Ionye

ym`nyeab` ugm bmme loy ugm tdgooj* dof{jmum jndh ol nddo}buniajauq* nbe lnaj}ym uo negmym uo Ionye

{ojadq" Ugm att}m paug Imndgtaem at bmaugmy ugm Fobumttoya boy ugm H&7 dobdm{u i}u ynugmy pgmugmy au

pnt latdnjjq ymt{obtaijm uo i}aje n bmp tdgooj ab nb nymn ol }bemy mbyojjme tdgoojt {nyuad}jnyjq ab ja`gu

ol o|mydyopeab` ab ougmy nymnt ol ugm do}buq" Ugm {yodmtt pnt bou o{mb nbe uynbt{nymbu nbe ugm Ionye

mb`n`me ab }bemygnbeme unduadt uo i}aje ugat nbe ougmy tdgoojt nu n uafm pgmb au hbmp ugm Eatuyadu gne

nb mwdmtt ol dn{ndauq"

Imndgtaem dotu ugm unw{nqmyt o|my %9= fajjaob* abdj}eab` o|my %< fajjaob ab jnbe nd~}atauaob*

eat{jndme eosmbt ol ymtaembut* ynsme njfotu njj ol n jodnj doff}bauq {nyh* nbe i}aju ab nb nymn nbe n

uafm pgmym ugmym pnt nb ni}benbdm ol mf{uq mjmfmbunyq nbe faeejm tdgooj tmnut" Fmnbpgajm* fnbq

tdgoojt o}u pmtu gn|m immb dyauadnjjq o|mydyopeme loy qmnyt* paug Lnjdob Do|m Faeejm imab` n {yafm

mwnf{jm" L}yugmyfoym ugm {yocmdu pnt {ymfnu}ymjq y}tgme uo dobuyndu paugo}u labnj {jnbt ab {jndm ab

oyemy uo n|oae n joofab` i}ajeab` foynuoya}f iq ugm Tunum EOM* pgadg jme uo fajjaobt ol eojjnyt ab

dgnb`m oyemyt nbe fobugt ol emjnq" Ugat {ynduadm ol tunyuab` tdgoojt imloym {jnbt nym labnjasme pnt

dobemfbme iq ugm 9;;9 @ynbe C}yq"


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Ugm Tdgooj Ionye* ab aut gntum uo im`ab {yocmdut* eae bou njpnqt abtatu ob dof{jmum*

n{{yo|me nydgaumdu}ynj {jnbt {yaoy uo ugm doffmbdmfmbu ol dobtuy}duaob Ugm

Tdgooj Ionye Lndajauamt Ea|ataob't emdataob uo im`ab dobtuy}duaob paugo}u dof{jmumnydgaumdu}ynj {jnbt gnt dymnume `jnyab` {yoijmft loy ugm Tdgooj Ionye abt{mduoyt"

Al obm pmym uo taf{jq jooh nu ugm olladanj Ionye nbe Eatuyadu ymdoyet loy Imndgtaem Fobumttoya*

ugmym po}je im bo emlabaua|m pnq uo umjj pgq au pnt i}aju* pgo emdaeme au tgo}je im i}aju* pgo emdaeme

au tgo}je abauanjjq im n habemy`nyumb ugyo}`g =ug `ynem tdgooj* pgo emdaeme uo dgnb`m au uo habemy`nyumb

ugyo}`g 7ug `ynem tdgooj nbe labnjjq* pgo emdaeme au tgo}je im n Fobumttoya tdgooj" N`nab uo ~}oum

ugm 9;;9 Ym{oyu3

O}y ab~}ayq gnt emumyfabme ugnu ugmym at jauujm oy bo nddo}buniajauq loy eatntuyo}t tdgooj

{yocmdut

Imloym n tdgooj dnb im {jnbbme nbe i}aju au f}tu im ob ugm [jnbu T}y|mq" N [jnbu T}y|mq at

ym~}ayme uo im lajme paug ugm Tunum Em{nyufmbu ol Me}dnuaob EOM! nu jmntu m|myq la|m qmnyt8 Eatuyadut

nym lymm uo }{enum ugm [jnbu T}y|mq toobmy" Ugm [jnbu t}y|mq at n dof{ymgmbta|m jatuab` ol njj tdgooj

lndajauamt* {myfnbmbu nbe bob {myfnbmbu ab ugm eatuyadu* abdj}eab` ugmay n`m nbe dobeauaob" Njto

abdj}eme at ugm mbyojjfmbu nbe dn{ndauq b}fimyt loy mndg lndajauq"

M|myq qmny ugm Tunum EOM {}ijatgmt aut tu}embu mbyojjfmbu {yocmduaobt loy mndg eatuyadu loy ugm

lojjopab` la|m qmnyt" Ugmtm {yocmduaobt nym ymlmyyme uo nt ugm DOLUM Dn{aunj O}ujnq L}jj Uafm

M~}a|njmbu! b}fimyt"

Dof{nyab` ugm upo b}fimyt jmut ugm Eatuyadu hbop gop f}dg ymbo|nuaob nbe bmp

dobtuy}duaob ugmq bmme uo {jnb loy o|my ugm bmwu la|m qmnyt" Eatuyadut nym bou njjopme iq EOM uo i}aje

foym dn{ndauq ugnb ugm {yocmdume mbyojjfmbu {ymeadut pajj im bmmeme" EOM njto ym~}aymt ugm [jnbu


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t}y|mq uo abdj}em ugm |nyao}t {yocmdut* t}dg nt bmp tdgoojt oy djnttyoof neeauaobt* ugm Eatuyadu {jnbt

uo i}aje uo fmmu aut bmmet" Al e}yab` ugm jalm ol ugm [jnbu t}y|mq* ugm Eatuyadu lmmjt dayd}ftunbdmt

pnyynbu n foealadnuaob uo ugm t}y|mq* ugmq fnq lajm n ym~}mtu paug EOM uo nfmbe ugm t}y|mq"

Ugm Eatuyadu Me}dnuaobnj Lndajauamt [jnb* njto hbopb nt ugm La|m Qmny [jnb* at n Eatuyadu

eod}fmbu }tme uo {jnb nbe {yaoyauasm ugm i}ajeab` nbe ymbo|nuaob ol tdgooj lndajauamt jatume ab ugm [jnbu

t}y|mq" Ugo}`g aut n la|m qmny {jnb au ndu}njjq dgnb`mt m|myq qmny uo nddoffoenum dgnb`mt ab ugm

i}e`mu nbe {yaoyauamt"

Imndgtaem pnt bou oya`abnjjq ab ugm 9;;>&9;;< i}ajeab` {jnb" Ugm n}ugoyauq uo i}aje

Imndgtaem dnfm lyof n t{ou t}y|mq eobm iq ugm loyfmy Eaymduoy ol Dn{aunj [jnbbab` nbe

[yo`ynffab` tofmuafm ab 9;;4" Gopm|my* pm gn|m gmnye bo m|aembdm nt uo pgo eaymdume gaf uo eo

to oy pgq" Pm gn|m gmnye dobljaduab` umtuafobq nt uo pgmugmy gm eae oy po}je eo t}dg n ugab` ob gat

opb" Ugm taum loy ugat bmp tdgooj pnt tmjmdume ab Bo|mfimy ol 9;;4" Ab C}jq nbe Emdmfimy ol 9;;5

ugm Ionye n}ugoyasme ugm nd~}atauaob ol {yo{myuq ob pgadg uo i}aje ugm bmp tdgooj* nu ugnu uafm

c}tualame iq o|mydyopeab` nu Gojjqpooe Dmbuynj" Njj ol ugmtm aumft pmym ob ugm dobtmbu n`mben nbe

`mbmynume tdnbu eatd}ttaob"

Pgnum|my c}tualadnuaob mwatume loy i}ajeab` pgnu pnt ugmb hbopb nt Mjmfmbunyq @&> pnt

ljmmuab`" Ugm nymn pgmym au pnt {jnbbme uo im i}aju pnt o|my dn{ndauq job` imloym aut yo}beiymnhab`

ab Fnydg ol 9;;1" Ab lndu pm gn|m gmnye umtuafobq ugnu Eatuyadu olladanjt pmym o{{otme uo i}ajeab`

Imndgtaem imjam|ab` au uo im }bc}tualame* n {otauaob nyuad}jnume uo ugm Ionye ob f}jua{jm oddntaobt"

Ugm Eatuyadut Tdgooj Io}benyamt em{nyufmbu n|m t{mdalad la`}ymt uo ugm Ionye ob Oduoimy 94* 9;;0

nu n io}benyq poyhtgo{ tgopab` ugnu i}ajeab` n bmp tdgooj pnt bou c}tualame loy ugm {yocmdume

mbyojjfmbu ab ugm nymn" Ugm la`}ymt tgopme n dobtatumbu mbyojjfmbu emdjabm ab ugm nymn abdj}eab` n


33/52

eyo{ ol o|my 7;; tu}embut ab t}yyo}beab` tdgoojt" Ugmq njto {oabume o}u ugm af{ndu ol la|m bmp

dgnyumy tdgoojt ab ugm jntu ma`gu qmnyt" Bobmugmjmtt obm Ionye fmfimy nu ugnu fmmuab` tunume tgm

{ymlmyyme uo }tm gmy opb {yocmduaobt ugo}`g bougab` ab ugm ymdoye emfobtuynume pgnu gmy

~}njaladnuaobt loy {ymeaduab` mbyojjfmbu oy {o{}jnuaob yopug nym" Emt{aum ugm abloyfnuaob {yo|aeme

iq ugm io}benyamt em{nyufmbu ugmym pnt bo emdataob iq ugm Ionye obm pnq oy nbougmy* c}tu tofm

abloyfnj lmmeindh nu ugm poyhtgo{ uo dobuab}m em|mjo{ab` io}benyamt loy ugm tdgooj" Nt ugmym

n{{mnyt uo im bo loyfnj {yodmtt loy tuo{{ab` }bbmdmttnyq {yocmdut* Mjmfmbunyq @&>* bop Mjmfmbunyq

D dobuab}me uo yojj njob` jahm n tbopinjj gmneme eopbgajj"

]juafnumjq obm Ionye fmfimy ymnjasme i}ajeab` nb mjmfmbunyq tdgooj ab ugnu nymn pnt uoo

ijnunbu n fatunhm* nbe t}``mtume Mjmfmbunyq D imdofm n H&7" Nu ugm tnfm uafm nbougmy Ionye

fmfimy emdaeme ugm tdgooj po}je gn|m n Fobumttoya d}yyad}j}f nbe imdofm n fn`bmu tdgooj loy ugm

to}ug taem ol ugm do}buq" Ugm laytu {}ijad nbbo}bdmfmbu ol ugmtm emdataobt dnfm nu ugm `yo}be

iymnhab` dmymfobq loy ugm tdgooj ob Fnydg =ug* 9;;1" Ugnu pnt ugm laytu uafm ugm To}ug Nymn

T}{myabumbembu jmnybme ol ugmtm {jnbt" Bou }buaj Bo|mfimy ol 9;;1 at ugmym n fmbuaob ab ugm tdgooj

ionye fab}umt ol ugm abumbuaob uo fnhm Mjmfmbunyq D n Fobumttoya tdgooj" Njj ol ugm emdataobt

dobdmybab` Imndgtaem nym ob ugm Dobtmbu N`mben* mwdm{u loy ugm npnyeab` ol ugm dobtuy}duaob

dobuyndu" Bobm ol ugmtm emdataobt fmyaume nbq {}ijad eatd}ttaob ol nbq ta`baladnbdm" Nu bo uafm eae

nbq Ionye fmfimy eatdjotm ugnu tunll gne pnybme ugmf ugm mbyojjfmbu b}fimyt eae bou c}tualq

i}ajeab` ugm tdgooj* ugnu ugm dobt}junbu gne pnybme ugmf ugm {jnbt pmym bou labnj nbe ugnu ugmym po}je

jahmjq im ta`baladnbu dotu o|myy}bt* oy ugnu ugm Ionye fmfimyt pmym tunjjab` ugm bmp [jnbu T}y|mq o}u

ol lmny ugm tunum po}je tuo{ ugmf lyof i}ajeab` Imndgtaem nbe m|myq ougmy {yocmdu bou }bemy dobuyndu"

Ugnu at ugm {}ijad ymdoye imgabe ugm i}ajeab` ol Imndgtaem"


34/52

Ugm ymnjauq ol pgnu gn{{mbme* nt uoje uo }t iq n fqyane ol paubmttmt* at ugnu nlumy 9;;


38/52

Pgq nym Ionye fmfimyt to lamydmjq joqnj uo ugm dobdm{u ol DFKYath? Nddoyeab` uo

paubmttmt* {yocmdut ugnu nym tjnume loy gnye iae `o uo ugm jopmtu iaeemy paug bo ab{}u lyof ugm Ionye"

[yocmdut ugnu pajj }tm n DF o uo n tmjmduaob doffauumm ob pgadg upo Ionye fmfimyt tau* pgadg a|mt

ugmf uymfmbeo}t ablj}mbdm ab ugm emdataob uo npnye j}dynua|m DFKYath dobuyndut"

^TMD tunbet loy ^}njaladnuaobt Tmjmduaob M|nj}nuaob Doffauumm" Ugat doffauumm* fnem }{

{yafnyajq ol Eatuyadu {mytobbmj* njto abdj}emt obm nu jny`m Ionye fmfimy nbe nbougmy Ionye fmfimy

ab pgotm eatuyadu ugm dobtuy}duaob {yocmdu pajj unhm {jndm" Pgq Ionye fmfimyt ugabh ugmq gn|m nbq

~}njaladnuaobt uo emumyfabm pgo at oy atbu ~}njalame uo eo pmjj ob dof{jmw dobtuy}duaob coit at n

fqtumyq" Bobmugmjmtt* ugm doffauumm ym|ampt ugm n{{jadnbut nbe tdoymt ugmf ob n |nyamuq ol lnduoyt*

i}u bou {yadm" Pgajm ugm Ionye fmfimyt nym n faboyauq ol ugm doffauumm nbe ugm tdoyab` at

nbobqfo}t* Ionye fmfimyt mb`n`m ab o{mb eatd}ttaobt nbe fnhm au djmny pgo ugmq ln|oy nbe pgo

ugmq eobu" Au at bou t}y{yatab` uo labe ugnu ugm Ionye fmfimyt ln|oyaum at ab|nyanijq ugm uo{ tdoyab`

n{{jadnbu"

Pgq Ionye fmfimyt nym to hmmb ob tmjmduab` dobuynduoyt at oi|ao}t" Ugm niajauq uo tummy* oy

m|mb uo tmmf uo gn|m ugm niajauq uo ablj}mbdm pgmym fajjaobt ol eojjnyt ab dobuyndut o* at jalmijooe uo

{ojauadanbt" Obm job` uafm Ionye fmfimy tunume o{mbjq ugnu gm po}je bm|my t}{{oyu n gnye iae loy n

{yocmdu n`nab" Bou t}y{yatab`jq ugm fotu mbmyo}t t}{{oyumyt uo Ionye dnf{na`bt nym dobuynduoyt nbe

ugmay t}idobuynduoyt* nt pmjj nt ugmay joiiqatut* lyambet nbe lnfajamt" Pm n`ymm paug paubmttmt ugnu

umtualame ugnu ugm Ionye at ab fnbq ymt{mdut n uynabab` `yo}be loy bmpiam {ojauadanbt* pgmym

}bloyu}bnumjq ine gniaut nym jmnybme"

Bop ugnu ugm pmjj at eyq ab umyft ol nbq ta`baladnbu t{mbeab` ob dobtuy}duaob ab ugm bmny

l}u}ym! ugm Ionye gnt labnjjq ndhbopjme`me ugm oi|ao}t nbe ymdmbujq ymfo|me Ionye fmfimyt lyof


39/52

tmy|adm ob ugm ^TMD" Ol do}ytm ugnu at bou tmu ab tuobm* ugm dgnb`m pnt bougab` foym ugnb nb

nfmbefmbu uo Tdgooj Ionye [ojadq 0;;4 pgadg gnt immb nfmbeme ab ugm {ntu nbe dnb im nfmbeme

uofoyyop oy pgmbm|my ugm ionye lmmjt ugm dontu at djmny"

Nbougmy mntq law uo ugat toyu ol doyy}{uab` ablj}mbdm at loy Ionye fmfimyt uo taf{jq yml}tm uo

nddm{u dobuyai}uaobt lyof nbqobm ugnu eomt i}tabmtt paug ugm Eatuyadu"

9" Mugadnj Ijabe T{out

Pm gmnye umtuafobq ugnu ugm Ionye gnt bou gne nbq mugadt uynabab` }buaj ugat qmny" Fnbq ol ugm

mwnf{jmt ol ugm Ionyet tgoyudofab`t pm gn|m eatd}ttme nym njto ooe mwnf{jmt ol pgnu pm tmm nt

mugadnj ijabe t{out" Ugmym nym }bloyu}bnumjq fnbq foym mwnf{jmt ia` nbe tfnjj" Ugm ymdmbu nyymtut ol

upo Ionye fmfimyt po}je dmyunabjq do}bu nt ia`" I}u tofm Ionye fmfimyt n{{mny uo gn|m eallad}juq

}bemytunbeab` oy lojjopab` pgnu po}je im dobtaemyme tfnjj* taf{jm y}jmt jahm ugm obmt dobdmybab` ugm

ymdma{u ol àlut"

n" Lnaj}ym uo ym{oyu àlutLoy mwnf{jm* nu ugm tmfa&nbb}nj LTIN fmmuab`t* doy{oynum t{obtoyt uymnu `}mtut uo lymm

dodhunajt nbe eabbmyt nu mw{mbta|m ymtun}ynbut" Tm|mynj t{obtoyt dofiabm uo gotu ugm eabbmy nbe

eatdjotm ob ugm ab|aunuaob autmjl ugnu ugm fmnj bmme bou im ym{oyume imdn}tm mndg t{obtoy dobuyai}ume

jmtt ugnb %9=";;" Ugat ol do}ytm {myunabt uo ugm t{obtoyt ym{oyuab` ym~}aymfmbu bou ugm Ionye

fmfimyt" Ionye fmfimyt f}tu ym{oyu njj àlut |nj}me nu o|my %>;;";;* ym`nyejmtt ol gop fnbq

eoboyt dobuyai}ume" ]bloyu}bnumjq au n{{mnyt tofm Ionye fmfimyt fnq gn|m fatabumy{ymume ugat

loouboum ob ugm ab|aunuaob nt n{{jqab` uo ugmf* maugmy o}u ol a`boynbdm oy dob|mbambdm" Obm Ionye

fmfimy m|mb umtualame ugnu tgm imjam|me ugat pnt ugm o{abaob ol ugm @mbmynj Do}btmjt Olladm"

Ionye fmfimyt do}je gn|m ol do}ytm dobundume ugm @mbmynj Do}btmjt Olladm* ugm Ljoyaen


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Doffattaob ob Mugadt oy m|mb |ataume ugm Doffattaobt pmitaum nuppp"mugadt"tunum"lj"}tpgmym ugmq

po}je gn|m ymne ugat3

45&>4"=>; \nj}nuaob ol @alut [yo|aeme iq F}jua{jm Eoboyt"

>! Loy {}y{otmt ol nbq àlu eatdjot}ym uo im fnem iq n ym{oyuab` abea|ae}nj oy {yod}ymfmbumf{joqmm* ugm |nj}m ol n alu {yo|aeme iq f}jua{jm eoboyt at emumyfabme iq ugm |nj}nuaob {yabda{jmt olTmduaob >>9"4>570!* L"T* nbe Y}jm 45&>4"=;; n{{jame uo ugm àlu nt n pgojm* ynugmy ugnb iq nbq {yo

ynun tgnym" mf{gntat neeme!

Abtumne au n{{mnyt ugnu m|myq Ionye fmfimy pgo gnt nuumbeme ugmtm eabbmyt loy nu jmntu ugm jntu

la|m qmnyt gnt io}`gu abuo ugat dob|mbambu abumy{ymunuaob" Nddoyeab` uo paubmttmt nbe ymdoyet pm

ym|ampme* b}fmyo}t Ionye fmfimyt gn|m nuumbeme ugmtm eabbmyt qmu o}y ab|mtua`nuaob ym|mnjt objq

obm Ljoyaen }nyumyjq @alu Eatdjot}ym Loyf gnt immb lajme paug ugm Ljoyaen Doffattaob ob Mugadt iq

nbq Ionye fmfimy ab ugm jntu la|m qmnyt* n ymfnyhnijm ymdoye" Ol do}ytm au at {ottaijm ugnu ugm Ionye

fmfimyt t}itm~}mbujq ymafi}ytme ugm t{obtoyt loy ugm m|mbu* pgadg {oabut o}u obm ol ugm eallad}juamt

ol ugm d}yymbu jnp* a"m" ab|mtua`nuoyt bou objq gn|m uo {yo|m ugm nddm{unbdm ol ugm àlu ugmq gn|m uo

{yo|m n bm`nua|m* ugnu ugm |nj}m ol ugm àlu pnt bou ymu}ybme" Tuajj* umtuafobq lyof obm ol ugm ymdmbu

m|mbu oy`nbasmyt pnt ugnu gm gne bo ymdojjmduaob ol nbq Ionye fmfimy {nqab` loy ugmay fmnj nbe

eyabht"

i" Iymndgmt ol doblaembuanjauqTofmuafmt mugadnj ijabe t{out nym ym|mnjme bou iq nduaobt unhmb i}u iq nduaobt bou unhmb" Loy

mwnf{jm* ymdmbu bmpt ym{oyut emunajme gop n pmitaum y}b iq n loyfmy Ionye fmfimy {}ijatgme

doblaembuanj indh`yo}be abloyfnuaob nio}u n tauuab` Ionye fmfimy" Ugm abloyfnuaob dobdmybme n

doblaembuanj eod}fmbu ugnu dobunabme n bounuaob ugnu t}``mtume au dnfm lyof ugm Eatuyadut T{mdanj

Ab|mtua`nuaob ]bau" Ugo}`g ugm iymndg n{{nymbujq odd}yyme indh e}yab` ugm 9;;< mjmduaob dqdjm* au objq
http://www.ethics.state.fl.us/http://www.ethics.state.fl.us/http://www.ethics.state.fl.us/http://www.ethics.state.fl.us/


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dnfm uo ja`gu ab Oduoimy ol 9;>;"

@a|mb ugm Ionyet {mbdgnbu loy fadyofnbnàb` ab ougmy nymnt pm nym tgodhme uo tmm ugnu ugm

Ionye gnt unhmb bo nduaob uo eaymdu oy nth ugm Eatuyadu uo emumyfabm pgo pnt ymt{obtaijm loy ugm

iymndg8 gop oy pgq t}dg n iymndg odd}yyme8 pgnu {ojadamt* al nbq* pmym |aojnume8 pgnu {ojadamt bmme uo

im dymnume oy tuymbùgmbme uo {ym|mbu t}dg n eatdjot}ym ab ugm l}u}ym* nbe {mygn{t fotu af{oyunbujq&&

à|mb ugm ym`}jny {ynduadm ol Ionye fmfimyt iq{nttab` dgnab ol doffnbe uo t{mnh eaymdujq uo Eatuyadu

{mytobbmj&& pgmugmy ugm iymndg pnt ugm ymt}ju ol Ionye fmfimy nduaob"

Ugat lnaj}ym uo ndu at maugmy nbougmy mwnf{jm ol boblmntnbdm oy n lnaj}ym ol ugm Ionye uo m|mb

ymdo`basm n tmyao}t iymndg ol mugadt* al bou o}uya`gu dyafabnj dobe}du* {ottaijq iq obm ol ugmay opb" Au

fnq }juafnumjq u}yb o}u ugnu ugmym at bo fatdobe}du iq nbqobm ob ugm Ionye oy nu ugm Eatuyadu* i}u ugm

lnaj}ym uo m|mb ab~}aym nbe emfnbe nbtpmyt at abmwd}tnijm"

d" Tajmbdab` Dyauadt iq UgymnutNyo}be ugm tnfm uafm pm imdnfm npnym ol nbougmy {}ijatgme ym{oyu dobdmybab` nb nuundh ob n

{mytob }tab` ugm Lndmiooh aembuauq ol Iyopnye Djmnbtpmm{" Ugat {mytob gnt immb ga`gjq dyauadnj ol

ugm Ionye nbe aut o{mynuaobt nbe gnt dnjjme loy ugm o}tumy ol |ayu}njjq njj abd}fimbu Ionye fmfimyt"

Nb nbobqfo}t {otumy* imjam|ab` Iyopnye Djmnbtpmm{ uo im n Eatuyadu mf{joqmm nbe fnyyame uo

nbougmy Eatuyadu mf{joqmm! ugymnumbme uo }tm gat dobbmduaobt nu ugm Eatuyadu oy Ionye uo gn|m ioug ol

ugmf layme nbe oy {yotmd}ume al gm eae bou affmeanumjq unhm eopb ugm Lndmiooh {n`m nbe tuo{ gat

nuundht ob ugm Ionye" ]juafnumjq ugm {otumy dobdj}eme Iyopnye Djmnbtpmm{ pnt bou pgo gm imjam|me

nbe ninbeobme gat nuundht"

Ugat mwuoyuaobnum nuumf{u uo tajmbdm {ojauadnj dyauadatf at {oatob ab nbq emfodynuad todamuq" Ugm

nuundh po}je im ym{ymgmbtaijm dofab` lyof nbq ~}nyumy" Loy au uo dofm lyof n Iyopnye {ojauadnj


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dobt}junbu pgo gnt poyhme loy b}fmyo}t jodnj {ojauadnj dnbeaenumt* abdj}eab` tdgooj ionye fmfimyt*

at m|mb foym eatu}yiab`" Poytu ol njj* ugm {otumy pgo nuumf{ume uo tajmbdm Iyopnye Djmnbtpmm{ gnt

{ym|ao}tjq tmy|me* nbe {ymtmbujq eomt tmy|m ob Eatuyadu ne|atoyq do}bdajt!" Intme ob ugm umtuafobq pm

gmnye* nu jmntu obm Ionye fmfimy at npnym ol pgnu uooh {jndm* qmu to lny nt pm hbop* bo nduaob gnt

immb unhmb uo nth ugat {mytob uo |oj}bunyajq ymta`b* eatdjotm gat nduaobt uo ugm ymtu ol ugm Ionye* oy

ougmypatm eatnttodanum lyof gaf" To lny nt pm hbop* bo obm nu ugm Ionye gnt m|mb nthme n tab`jm

~}mtuaob nio}u ugat abdaembu* boy mw{ymttme nbq emtaym uo emumyfabm pgo fa`gu im nuundhab` n Eatuyadu

mf{joqmm loy mwmydatab` gat {ojauadnj ya`gut"

e" \ouab` DobljadutIndh ab C}jq ol 9;>; nbougmy {ymtt ym{oyu t}``mtume ugnu ugmym fnq gn|m immb nb abn{{yo{yanum

ymjnuaobtga{ imupmmb n Ionye fmfimy nbe n |mbeoy uo ugm Ionye" Abdj}eme paugab ugnu ym{oyu pmym n

tmyamt ol {mytobnj nbe mfinyynttab` m&fnajt imupmmb ugm upo" Ugat Ionye fmfimy nu bo uafm eatdjotme

ugm ymjnuaobtga{ paug ugm |mbeoy uo ugm {}ijad oy ugm ymtu ol ugm Ionye* qmu |oume ob fnuumyt dobdmybab`

ugm |mbeoy ugnu dnfm imloym ugm Ionye" Ugat ynatmt upo att}mt3

Laytu* ugmym n{{mnyt uo im bo Ionye {ojadq ugnu {yogaiaut |ouab` ab ugat tau}nuaob* oy ugnu m|mb

ym~}aymt eatdjot}ym"

Tmdobe* ab njj ugm fobugt tabdm ugat abloyfnuaob gnt immb ym|mnjme* ugm Ionye gnt immb }uumyjq

tajmbu ob ugat att}m" Bou obm Ionye fmfimy gnt nthme n tab`jm ~}mtuaob" Bou obm Ionye fmfimy gnt

nthme loy nb nefattaob oy embanj oy mw{jnbnuaob" Bo Ionye fmfimy gnt* uo o}y hbopjme`m* ab~}ayme

abuo ugm lmntaiajauq ol dymnuab` n {ojadq uo do|my t}dg tau}nuaobt* nbe bo obm gnt to f}dg nthme loy nb

n`mben aumf uo eatd}tt ugat att}m ab `mbmynj"

Pm }bemytunbe ugm ymj}dunbdm ol {}ijad olladanjt uo eatdjotm emunajt ol ugmay {mytobnj nllnayt* i}u


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pgmb {mytobnj nllnayt abuy}em abuo ugm eatdgny`m ol {}ijad e}uamt ugnu ymj}dunbdm f}tu im o|mydofm"

Obdm n`nab pgmb lndme paug nb o{{oyu}bauq uo neeymtt n tmyao}t mugadnj att}m ugm Ionye unhmt bo

nduaob"

Dobuyntu ugmay tajmbdm ob ugmtm att}mt paug ugmay ymt{obtm uo n dgnbdm uo {nu ugmftmj|mt ob ugm

indh" O}y bmwu mwnf{jm {myunabt foym uo tuqjm ugnb t}itunbdm* i}u au eomt tgop gop Ionye fmfimyt

|amp ugmftmj|mt nbe ugm coi ugmq|m eobm" Au {oyuynqt ugmay fabetmu nbe ugmay tmbtm ol mbuaujmfmbu*

pgadg pm labe t}y{yatab`* à|mb gop {ooyjq ugmq|m eobm ugmay coi o|my ugm qmnyt"

m" Tmjl Tmy|ab`Jntu Fnq* ugm Ionye |oume =&4 uo goboy obm ol aut opb iq bnfab` n ga`g tdgooj nugjmuad lamje*

uyndh lndajauq nbe {ymtt iow nlumy n tauuab` Ionye fmfimy" Au pnt ugm tmdobe uyndh lndajauq bnfme nlumy

ugat Ionye fmfimy* ioug ol pgadg nym ab ugnu Ionye fmfimyt Eatuyadu" N ym|amp ol ugm fab}umt ol

ugm fmmuab` ym|mnjme bo intat loy ugm goboy ougmy ugnb ugm lndu gmt n tdgooj Ionye fmfimy"

Ugm {yabda{nj ol ugm nllmdume tdgooj af{jame ugnu ugm Ionye fmfimy pnt ab|oj|me paug ugm

tdgooj" Aut ugmay coi uo im ab|oj|me" Al ugm af{jadnuaob at ugnu ugm Ionye fmfimy ln|oyme ugat tdgooj

nbe ugm ougmy paug n uyndh bnfme nlumy gaf! imdn}tm au pnt ab gat Eatuyadu* ugmb pm ~}mtuaob ugm

pateof ol ympnyeab` n Ionye fmfimy loy nduab` {nyodganjjq" Emt{aum ugm lndu ugnu Ionye fmfimyt

umdgbadnjjq ym{ymtmbu ugmay opb eatuyadu* pm go{m ugmq ymfnab npnym ol ugmay ymt{obtaiajauq uo jooh nu

ugm ia` {adu}ym nbe ndu loy ugm òoe ol ugm Eatuyadu nt n pgojm"

Uo ugm mwumbu ugm goboy at loy ugm Ionye fmfimyt t}{{oyu loy maugmy ugm tdgooj oy ugm i}ajeab`

ol ugm lndajauq* au po}je im òoe loy ugm Ionye uo ymfmfimy ugat at unw{nqmy fobmq ugmqym t{mbeab`*

bou ugmay opb" Pm labe au gnye uo imjam|m ugnu paug njj ugm {mo{jm ab Iyopnye Do}buq ugmq do}jebu

labe obm tab`jm {mytob uo goboy pgo gnt eobm tofmugab` ia`* tofmugab` boijm* fnem tofm tndyaladm


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oy eobm tofmugab` imqobe ugm dnjj ol e}uq* tofmugab` ougmy ugnb c}tu imab` nb mjmdume olladanj" Al ugnu

pntbu {ottaijm ugmq do}je gn|m nu jmntu goboyme ugm {mo{jm uy}jq ymt{obtaijm loy ugm i}ajeab` ol ugm

lndajauq nbe dnjjme au ugm Unw{nqmyt ol Iyopnye Do}buq Nugjmuad Lamje nbe Uyndh Lndajauq"

l" Tunjjab` ugm [jnbu T}y|mqLabnjjq* ab pgnu fa`gu im ugm poytu mwnf{jm* au at o}y dobdj}taob ugnu ugmym pnt n emjaimynum*

dobtdao}t mlloyu iq tmbaoy olladanjt nu ugm Eatuyadu ab dojj}taob paug oy nu ugm eaymduaob ol dmyunab Ionye

fmfimyt uo n|oae ugm uafmjq lajab` ol nb }{enume [jnbu T}y|mq paug ugm Tunum Em{nyufmbu ol

Me}dnuaob imupmmb 9;;< nbe 9;;7 loy ugm mw{ymtt {}y{otm ol dobuab}ab` pgnu pnt iq ugmb nb o}u ol

dobuyoj nbe inejq fatfnbn`me dobtuy}duaob {yo`ynf" Ugat pnt ab o}y |amp eya|mb fotujq o}u ol n

emtaym uo imbmlau dobuynduoyt nbe ugm {ojauadnj loyu}bmt ol Ionye fmfimyt" Ugm ymt}ju ol ugat mlloyu at nb

ni}benbdm ol mf{uq djnttyooft* fotujq ab ugm mntu* %9 iajjaob ab emiu nbe dyauadnjjq o|mydyopeme

tdgoojt ab ugm pmtumyb {nyu ol ugm do}buq"

Pm gn|m gmnye ugm mw{jnbnuaobt {yollmyme loy ugm emjnqt ab ugm t}y|mq Tmm Mwgaiau 1! nbe

ymcmdu ugmf nt bou dymeaijm8 ugmq nym mwd}tmt nbe ine obmt nu ugnu" Injnbdme n`nabtu ugmf pnt

o|mypgmjfab` umtuafobq ugnu m|myqobm ab|oj|me ab ugm Eatuyadut dobtuy}duaob {yo`ynf hbmp ol* nbe

o{mbjq t{ohm ol* ugm joofab` emnejabm loy ugm att}nbdm ol ugm bmp t}y|mq* ugnu ugmq hbmp ugmq gne

o|myi}aju nbe ugnu ugm Tunum po}je lymmsm nbq bmp i}ajeab` nt toob nt ugm bmp t}y|mq pnt t}ifauume"

Fab}umt lyof n [yocmdu Fnbn`mfmbu Tunll Fmmuab` ob Tm{umfimy 9=ug* 9;;0 nuuyai}um uo Em{}uq

@nyymutob ugm tunumfmbu ugnu {yocmdut gne uo im iae imdn}tm ol ugm bmp tunum t}y|mq pgadg at e}m ugm

jntu ol Oduoimy* pgadg pajj fotu jahmjq ymfo|m njj ol o}y dn{ndauq neeauaobt" Mndg uafm ugm t}y|mq

pnt tunjjme nbe ugm bmp emnejabm n{{yondgme* ugm njnyf po}je to}be ugyo}`go}u ugm lndajauamt

em{nyufmbu uo y}tg {jnbt nbe dobuyndut ugyo}`g uo gn|m ugmf ab {jndm imloym ugm lymmsm"


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Ugm Ionye hbmp nt mnyjq nt 9;;4 ugnu mbyojjfmbu pnt {yocmdume uo ljnuumb o}u iq ugm uafm ugm

bmp {jnbu t}y|mq pnt e}m" Ab 9;;9 ugm Ionye gne doffattaobme n {ya|num dobt}junbu uo dymnum n Job &

Ynb`m Lndajauq Fntumy [jnb do|myab` ugm qmnyt 9;;4&9;>4" Au pnt {yo|aeme ab N{yaj ol 9;;4 nu n dotu

ol %>"> fajjaob" Au pnt ugmb {yof{ujq tgmj|me nbe a`boyme nddoyeab` uo ga`g jm|mj eatuyadu mf{joqmmt"

Ugm {yoijmf pnt ugm dobt}junbu {ymeadume mbyojjfmbu b}fimyt pmjj imjop pgnu ugm Eatuyadu pnt

{yocmduab` nbe pmjj imjop pgnu ugm Ionye pnbume uo gmny" Ab gabeta`gu ugm dobt}junbut b}fimyt pmym

f}dg djotmy uo ugm fnyh ugmb ugm Eatuyadut"

Ugm poytu {nyu ol njj ugat at ugnu emt{aum ugmay fnban uo i}aje uo o|mydn{ndauq* ugmq tuajj pmymbu

nijm uo {}u n embu abuo ugm dyauadnjjq o|mydyopeme tdgoojt ab ugm pmtumyb {oyuaob ol ugm do}buq" Nt lny

indh nt 9;;4 ugm eat{nyauq ab dn{ndauq imupmmb mntu nbe pmtu Iyopnye pnt n{{nymbu" Ugm 9;;9 Ym{oyu

pnybme N io}benyq tgalu at bmdmttnyq uo unhm ne|nbun`m ol mntumyb tdgoojt mwdmtt dn{ndauq" Ugat

fa`gu {yo|m uo im |myq dobuyo|mytanj"

Ugm Ionye pnt pnybme o|my tm|mb qmnyt n`o nio}u ugat att}m nbe ugmq gn|m eobm bougab` uo

neeymtt au" Pm eobu hbop al io}benyq tgalut pajj im ugm nbtpmy i}u pm eo hbop ugnu ugnbht uo ugm

Ionyet tgoyuta`gume nbe pntuml}j i}ajeab` {yo`ynf* i}ajeab` foym dn{ndauq o}u pmtu pajj bo job`my

im nb o{uaob uo ymjam|m o|mydyopeme tdgoojt"

4" Ugm [yoijmf paug Tab`jm Fmfimy Eatuyaduab

Obm ol ugm att}mt ynatme iq gn|ab` tab`jm fmfimy eatuyaduab` at ugnu au abumbtalamt{ojauadanbt

abtuabdu uo ndu {nyodganjjq nbe {jnq uo ugmay {mydma|me {opmy intm" Ugat at mt{mdanjjq n {yoijmf pgmb

ugm {ojauadanb at n fmfimy ol n Ionye ugnu at t}{{otme uo ndu ab dobdmyu loy ugm ooe ol ugm mbuaym jny my

oy`nbasnuaob* a"m" ugm tdgooj Eatuyadu nt n pgojm" Abtumne ol lotumyab` doo{mynuaob tab`jm&fmfimy

eatuyadut umbe uo ea|aem ugm Ionye nt fmfimyt dof{mum loy eojjnyt loy ugmay {nyuad}jny eatuyadu" Ugm


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jm`atjnu}ym autmjl ymdo`basme ugm {oumbuanj loy Ionye fmfimyt jotab` ta`gu ol ugm ia` {adu}ym pgmb au

tunume ab L"T">;;>"4117" Ugm fo|m uo tab`jm fmfimy eatuyadut nbe ugm

abdymntm uo babm fmfimyt pnt ugm ymt}ju ol n ymlmymbe}f fnbenume iq n t{mdanj* tgoyu ja|me {nttme ab

>110* au pnt ym{mnjme ab 9;;;! jm`atjnua|m ndu"

Ugm Ionye fmfimyt gn|m dymnume gn|od iq nduab` abea|ae}njjq" Ugmq gn|m abumylmyme ab ugm enq


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uo enq o{mynuaobt ol ugm Eatuyadu" Ugmq gn|m fnem {muuq nbe dotujq emfnbet jahm dgnb`ab` i}t tuo{

jodnuaobt* abdymntab` ugm tasm ol tunea}f tdoymionyet* nbe eo}ijab` loouinjj tunbe dn{ndauq lyof 9*=;;

uo =*;;;" Ugmq gn|m {ymtt}yme olladanjt uo y}tg tdgooj o{mbab`t* ablj}mbdme {yabda{njt uo njjop dmyunab

dgajeymb uo iq{ntt ugm jouumyq oy pnauab` jatut* ablj}mbdme ugm tmjmduaob ol dobuynduoyt nbe |mbeoyt* nbe

{ymtt}yme Lndajauamt uo }tm foym mw{mbta|m dobuynduab` fmugoet" Abt{mduoyt nbe [Ft gn|m immb

ymntta`bme uo imbmlau dobuynduoyt" [mytobbmj gn|m immb {ymtt}yme uo ta`b oll ob ymunabn`m yme}duaobt"

Ugm Ionye gnt {}tgme {mu {yocmdut ugnu gn|m dotu ugm {}ijad fajjaobt" Pgq bou gn|m ugm ym~}ayme

fabaf}f ol la|m Ionye fmfimyt abtumne ol {yo|aeab` coit loy lo}y foym {ojauadanbt?

Ugm pnq au tunbet bop ugm Eatuyadu gnt umb iottmt* babm ol pgadg gn|m bo {nyuad}jny mw{myuatm ab

ugm y}bbab` ol n jny`m f}jua&iajjaob eojjny tdgooj eatuyadu" Nbe au tgo}je im oi|ao}t ugnu ugm foym

{mo{jm ab|oj|me ab n emdataob ugm jmtt abea|ae}nj nddo}buniajauq ugmym dnb im" Ymu}ybab` {opmy uo n

T}{myabumbembu nbe yme}dab` ugm ablj}mbdm ol ugm Ionye tgo}je im ugm onj" Pm tmm bo pnq ol fnhab`

ugnu gn{{mb nbe `muuab` au uo tuadh paugo}u fo|ab` uo nb mjmdume T}{myabumbembu"

Pm }bemytunbe au tmmft uo o n`nabtu ugm ynab uo toj|m ugm {yoijmf ol uoo fnbq {ojauadanbt iq

dymnuab` nbougmy {ojauadnj olladm" Mjmduab` ugm T}{myabumbembu dmyunabjq gnt aut eynpindht* obm ol

pgadg pajj im jafauab` ugm tmnydg loy n T}{myabumbembu uo c}tu Iyopnye* nbe aut jahmjq ugnu ugm {otauaob

pajj im lajjme iq n {ojauadanb ynugmy ugnb nb me}dnuoy"

Fnbq Ljoyaen do}buamt eo ymjq ob mjmdume T}{myabumbembut gopm|my* nbe gn|ab` nb mjmdume

T}{myabumbembu po}je iyab` indh nddo}buniajauq* tofmugab` toymjq jndhab` nu ugm Ionye loy fnbq*

fnbq qmnyt" Aut bou nb mntq dgoadm* i}u ugm imgn|aoy ol ugm Ionye o|my ugm jntu 9; qmnyt fnhmt au

mntamy"


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\" Dobdj}taob

Ugm 9;;9 Ym{oyu tnae3

O|my ugm {ntu lalummb >=! qmnyt* ugm Tdgooj Ionye fnq gn|m jotu ugm {}ijad'tdoblaembdm ab aut niajauq uo t{mbe unw{nqmyt' fobmq patmjq ab ugm dobtuy}duaob ol o}ytdgoojt" Pgmugmy ugat jott ol doblaembdm at pmjj unhmb at eminunijm"

Pm gn|m t{mbu n ymnu emnj ol uafm ym|ampab` ugm poyh ol ugm Ionye nbe Eatuyadu* gmnye lyof

fnbq paubmttmt nbe ym|ampme g}beymet ol {n`mt ol eod}fmbut" Ab lnaybmtt uo ioug pm eaebu jooh nu

m|myqugab` ugmq eo* i}u tnejq* m|myqpgmym pm eae jooh* pm lo}be {yoijmft" Pm ugabh aut bo job`my

eminunijm8 ab lndu pm gn|m jauujm doblaembdm ab ugmay niajauq" Obm ol ugm jm`ndamt ol ugm Ionye pajj im ugm

t~}nbemyab` ol g}beymet ol fajjaobt ol unw{nqmy eojjnyt loy n fmeaodym {yoe}du* emiu nbe mf{uq tmnut

ab ugm mntu nbe o|mydyopeme tdgoojt ab ugm pmtu"

Pm eae bou nbuada{num nu ugm o}utmu ugnu n ym|amp ol ugm Ionye nbe Eatuyadu po}je im to uafm

dobt}fab`" Ugm ymnjauq at ugnu nt f}dg uafm nt pm t{mbu pm gn|m objq tdynudgme ugm t}ylndm" Ugm

mwnf{jmt pm gn|m ym{oyume ob nym uq{adnj* bou ugm mwdm{uaobt" Ugmym taf{jq atbu t}lladambu uafm nbe

ymto}ydmt uo lojjop }{ njj ugm jmnet pm jmnybme ol* boy uo doffmbu l}jjq ob njj pm eae jmnyb" Pgnu pm

eae jmnyb gopm|my* pnt mbo}`g uo t}{{oyu o}y labeab`t nbe fnhm o}y ymdoffmbenuaobt"

Obm nymn pm po}je gn|m jahme uo mw{joym l}yugmy pnt ugm ~}njauq* oy jndh ugmymol* ol

dobtuy}duaob {yocmdut" Fnbq ol ugm att}mt pm gmnye ol pmym ynatme ab ugm 9;;9 ym{oyu* abdj}eab`

tgoeeq yoolab` coit* pnumy abuy}taob* nbe mnyjq lnaj}ym ol tu}ddo" Tofm ol ugmtm att}mt gn|m immb

ynatme ab ugm {ymtt* jahm ugm bmp neeauaob uo [nyhtaem Mjmfmbunyq ugnu dnbu im odd}{ame imdn}tm ol nb

}bhbopb tumbdg" Pmym bou t}y{yatme ugmtm {yoijmft dobuab}m uo odd}y* `a|mb ugm Ionyet

abumylmymbdm ab ugm dobtuy}duaob {yodmtt nbe ugmay {youmduaob ol dobuynduoyt"

Doyy}{uaob dofmt ab fnbq loyft8 bou njpnqt ugm oi|ao}t fobmq ab nb mb|mjo{m loy n |oum


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uynem ugnut mntq uo ymdo`basm" Obm eaduaobnyq emlabauaob at Nb ndu eobm paug nb abumbu uo `a|m tofm

ne|nbun`m abdobtatumbu paug olladanj e}uq nbe ugm ya`gut ol ougmyt" F}dg ol ugm ndua|auq pm gn|m

jmnybme ol nbe ym{oyume ob dnb im emtdyaime nt doyy}{u* nu jmntu nt }bemytuooe iq ym`}jny dauasmbt nbe

qmu mtdn{m dyafabnj {}batgfmbu imdn}tm ol ugm emladambdamt nbe pmnhbmttmt ab tunum jnp pm mnyjamy

ym{oyume ob" Pgmugmy {yotmd}unijm oy bou pm labe ugat toyu ol doyy}{uaob gnt n job`tunbeab` loougoje nu

ugm Ionye"

Ugm doyy}{ua|m ablj}mbdm gmym at fotu olumb dnf{na`b dobuyai}uaobt lyof abea|ae}njt paug n

labnbdanj tunhm ab gop Ionye fmfimyt |oum" Job` n`o ugm Ionye tgo}je gn|m ymdo`basme ugm yath ugnu

{}uuab` ugmftmj|mt ab ugm dmbumy ol gnbeab` o}u g}beymet ol fajjaobt ab unw{nqmy eojjnyt po}je

abm|aunijq eynpb nuumbuaob nbe }be}m ablj}mbdm lyof fobmqme abumymtut" Ugmq tgo}je gn|m unhmb tum{t

uo abt}jnum ugmftmj|mt lyof ugat ablj}mbdm iq emjm`nuab` uo {yolmttaobnjt ab ugm Eatuyadu ugab`t jahm

dobuynduoy tmjmduaob nbe iae {yodmttmt nbe taf{jq gn|m neo{ume n pnudgeo` yojm" Abtumne ugmq eymp

djotmy uo au nbe lamydmjq {youmdume ugmay yojm" Objq bop* qmnyt jnum nbe paug {ymtt}ym lyof njj taemt*

gn|m ugmq im`}b uo unhm tum{t uo ymtoj|m ugat nbe ougmy att}mt" ]bloyu}bnumjq intme ob ugm gatuoyq ol

ugat Ionye nt nb abtuau}uaob* pm gn|m bo doblaembdm ab ugmay niajauq uo fnhm fmnbab`l}j dgnb`mt nbe uo

negmym uo ugmf" Ugm toj}uaobt pm tmm* nu jmntu tgoyu umyf* nym uo ymfo|m nt f}dg {opmy nbe ablj}mbdm

lyof ugm Ionye nt {ottaijm nbe uo gn|m nb abem{mbembu o}utaem n}ugoyauq fobauoy ugmay emnjab`t

djotmjq"

\A" YMDOFFMBENUAOBT

Uo ugm Iyopnye Do}buq Tdgooj Ionye

>" Ymne ugm Iyopnye Do}buq @ynbe C}yqt Abumyaf Ym{oyu ol ugm 9;;9 Lnjj Umyf@ynbe C}yq ob Tdgooj Ionye Dobtuy}duaob nu3

guu{3//tno>0"tunum"lj"}t/@ynbeC}yq9;;9"gufj
http://sao17.state.fl.us/GrandJury2002.htmlhttp://sao17.state.fl.us/GrandJury2002.htmlhttp://sao17.state.fl.us/GrandJury2002.html


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9" Yml}tm dnf{na`b dobuyai}uaobt lyof dobuynduoyt* |mbeoyt nbe ougmyt eoab` i}tabmttpaug ugm Ionye"

4" Ym~}aym fnbenuoyq mugadt uynabab` nbe umtuab` iq nb o}utaem n`mbdq

5" Njj jnum neeauaobt uo ugm Ionyet n`mben f}tu im eatd}ttme nu n {}ijad fmmuab`"

=" Nee foym emunaj uo n`mben aumft oy {yo|aem n jabh uo pgmym foym abloyfnuaob

dobdmybab` ugm aumf dnb im lo}be"

;" Mbe ugm ablj}mbdm ol ugm Ionye o|my ugm I}ajeab` em{nyufmbu iq u}ybab` o|myabt{mduaobt uo jodnj i}ajeab` em{nyufmbut"

>>" Yme}dm b}fimy ol tdgooj ionye fmfimyt uo ="

>9" [jndm imloym ugm |oumyt ugm att}m ol mjmduab` ugm T}{myabumbembu

>4" Dymnum abem{mbembu olladm ol Abt{mduoy @mbmynj uo fobauoy ugm Ionye nbe Eatuyadu

>5" @o indh uo gnye iaet lyof {ym~}njalame dobuynduoyt" [yogaiau iaet lyof i}ajemyt paug

o}utunbeab` att}mt"

>=" Ymfo|m njj ab|oj|mfmbu iq Ionye fmfimyt ab ugm tmjmduaob ol dobuynduoyt* |mbeoyt*

oy labnbdanj abtuau}uaobt"

>


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>7" Bo emdataobt* loyfnj oy abloyfnj* tgo}je im fnem nbqpgmym ougmy ugnb n ym`}jnyjq

tdgme}jme ionye fmmuab`"

>1" Bo eatd}ttaobt tgo}je im gne ougmy ugnb nu Ionye fmmuab`t oy poyhtgo{t nt {my

T}btgabm Jnp ym~}aymfmbut"

9;" [yogaiau `alut ol nbq |nj}m uo nbq Ionye fmfimy oy Eatuyadu mf{joqmm lyof nbqobmeoab` i}tabmtt paug ugm Eatuyadu oy joiiqab` ugm Ionye

Uo ugm Jm`atjnu}ym/Tunum Em{nyufmbu ol Me}dnuaob

>" Mf{opmy EOM uo {mbnjasm Eatuyadut ugnu eobu lajm ym~}ayme {n{mypoyh iq pauggojeab`nbq Tunum l}bet }buaj Dmyualadnumt ol Odd}{nbdq* Dmyualadnumt

florida supreme court report on broward county schools incompetence

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