flora of malkapuram

8/16/2019 Flora of Malkapuram

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2014Botanical name: Cleome gynandra

English name: African cabbage

Vernacular name: Vaminta or vayinta

Family: Cleomaceae

tanding at 1!" m tall# Cleome gynandra is a dicot annual $lant that can

be bro%en do&n into a stem# leaves# 'o&ers# and fruit! Attached to the stem are

()" leaves# each containing ()* lea'ets! +hese leaves narro& to&ards the base!

+he 'o&ers of Cleome gynandra are a$$ro,imately 1)2!" cm in diameter

containing 4 se$als# 4 $etals# and - stamens &ith long $ur$le .laments! +he

$etals are of a &hite colour# sometimes fading to $in% de$ending on the amount

of sunlight available! +he $lant/s fruit measure to be is 12 cm long and )10 mm

&ide! ithin the fruit/s ca$sules are dicot seeds! +hese seeds are surrounded by

a bro&n casing and are small in diameter# measuring bet&een 1)1!" mm! Cleome

gynandra belongs to the ta,onomic family# Ca$$aridaceae# &hich consists of

*00)00 s$ecies globally# and of them# Cleome ynandra has "0 s$ecies that are

believed to be in Africa alone!

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Cleome gynandra

Botanical name: Croton bon$landianum

English name: Ban +ulsi

Vernacular name: 3ail $oondu

Family: Eu$horbiaceae

ormally Crotons are $o$ular foliage $lants! +his is a &ild s$ecies of

croton! 5ue to the resemblance of the leaves and 'o&er cymes to that of +ulsi#

this $lant is often called Ban +ulsi 67ungle tulsi8 9t is a small annual herb# gro&ing

u$ to 1)2 ft! tall! Alternately arranged leaves# ()" cm long# are lance)sha$ed# &ith

a toothed margin! mall &hite 'o&ers are borne in () cm long racemes at the

end of branches! Flo&ers have " se$als and " $etals and numerous long stamens

$rotruding out! Fruit is a " mm oblong ca$sule# &ith a &arty surface! Ban tulshi is

gro&n abundantly in the rural areas of alda# est Bengal# and is used as both a

fuel and a detergent! First the stems and branches of ban tulshi are used as fuel!

+hen the ash is collected and %e$t in a bottle for .ve or si, days! +he ash is $ut

in &arm &ater and used as a detergent for cleaning cotton garments! Flo&ering:e$tember)ovember!

Croton bon$landianum

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Botanical name: ;eliotro$ium curassavicum

English name: %ai

Family name: Boraginaceae

+his is a $erennial herb &hich can ta%e the form of a $rostrate cree$er

along the ground to a some&hat erect shrub a$$roaching 0!" m 61!- ft!8 in

height! +he stem and foliage are 'eshy# &ith the leaves thic% and oval or s$ade)

sha$ed! +he $lentiful in'orescences are curled# coiling double ro&s of small bell)

sha$ed 'o&ers! Each 'o&er is &hite &ith .ve rounded lobes and a $ur$le or

yello& throat! +he fruit is a smooth nutlet!

;eliotro$ium curassavicum

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Botanical name: Aerva lanata

English name: ?ol$ala

Vernacular name: ?indi)%ura# ?indi)chettu

Family: Amaranthaceae

ountain %notgrass is an annual &ith a branching# some&hat &oody root

system! +he stems are mostly straggling and s$ra&ling and s$read &idely#

sometimes as much as - feet 61! m8 in length! +he often stal%less leaves are

alternate# oval and 0!" to 1!" in 61( to ( mm8 long! +hey gro& from &hitish

$a$ery sti$ules &ith t&o lobes and red bases! +he tiny clusters of t&o or three

'o&ers gro& in the leaf a,ils! +he 'o&ers are about 0!1 inches 62!" mm8 long#

$in%# green or dull &hite! +he 'o&ers are normally self)$ollinated! Flo&ering time

is from ay to @ctober!

Aerva lanata

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Botanical name: Amaranthus viridis

English name: Chinese $inach# Bledo# reen Amaranth

Vernacular name :Calalu


eaves ) coo%ed as a s$inach! A mild 'avour! +he leafy stems and 'o&er

clusters are similarly used! @n a ero moisture basis# 100g of leaves contains 2(

calories# (4!2g $rotein# "!(g fat# 44!1g carbohydrate# -!-g .bre# 1-!4g ash#

224(mg calcium# "00mg $hos$horus# 2*mg iron# ((-mg sodium# 210mg

$otassium# "0mg vitamin A# 0!0*mg thiamine# 2!4(mg ribo'avin# 11!mg niacin

and *0mg ascorbic acidD! eed ) coo%ed! Very small# about 1mm in diameter#

but it is easy to harvest and very nutritious! +he seed can be coo%ed &hole# and

becomes very gelatinous li%e this# but it is rather dicult to crush all of the small

seeds in the mouth and thus some of the seed &ill $ass right through the

digestive system &ithout being assimilated! +he seed contains 14 ) 1- $rotein

and 4!* ) * fat!

!

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Amaranthus viridis

Botanical name: @cimum tenui'orum

English name: ;oly basil

Vernacular name: +ulas=

Family: amiaceae

9t is an erect# much branched subshrub# (0G-0 cm tall &ith hairy stemsand sim$le o$$osite green or $ur$le leaves that are strongly scented! eaves

have $etioles and are ovate# u$ to " cm long# usually slightly toothed! +he

'o&ers are $ur$lish in elongate racemes in close &horls! +he t&o main

mor$hoty$es cultivated in 9ndia and e$al are green)leaved 6ri or a%shmi

tulasi8 and $ur$le)leaved 6Hrishna tulasi8!

@cimum tenui'orum

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Botanical name: ?hyllanthus niruri

English name: tonebrea%er

Vernacular name: ela Isir

Fsmily: ?hyllanthaceae!

9t gro&s "0 to *0 centimeters tall and bears ascending herbaceous

branches! +he bar% is smooth and light green! 9t bears numerous $ale green

'o&ers &hich are often 'ushed &ith red! +he fruits are tiny# smooth ca$sules

containing seeds! an annual# herbJ height varies bet&een (0G-0 cm! tem is

angular &ith numerous distichous# elli$tic)oblong leaves! Flo&ers are yello& and

very numerousJ monoecious &ith 1G( staminate 'o&ers and solitary $istillate

'o&er borne a,illary! Fruits ca$sule# very small# globose# smooth# seeds ()

gonous# longitudinally ribbed on the bac%! eed to seed cycle occurs in t&o or

four &ee%s! +he 'o&ering time in 9ndian conditions is Kuly to August! Heys for

identi.cation of diLerent s$ecies of ?hyllanthus are found in Caius

?hyllanthusniruri

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Botanical name: Eu$horbia hirta

English name: ?ill)bearing s$urge# asthma $lant# hairy s$urge# garden s$urge#

$ill$od sandman

Vernacular name: Eddivarinanabalu# reddinananbrolu

Family name: Eu$horbiaceae

+his erect or $rostrate annual herb can get u$ to -0 cm long &ith a solid#

hairy stem that $roduced an abundant &hite late,! +here are sti$ules $resent!

+he leaves are sim$le# elli$tical# hairy 6on both u$$er and lo&er surfaces but

$articularly on the veins on the lo&er leaf surface8# &ith a .nely dentate margin!

eaves occur in o$$osite $airs on the stem! +he 'o&ers are unise,ual and found

in a,illary cymes at each leaf node! +hey lac% $etals and are generally on a stal%!

+he fruit is a ca$sules &ith three valves and $roduces tiny# oblong# four)sided red

seeds! 9t has a &hite or bro&n ta$root!

Eu$horbia hirta


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Botanical name: Androgra$his $aniculata

English name: reen chirayta# creat# %ing of bitters# androgra$his# 9ndia

echinacea

Vernacular name: elavemaa

Family: Acanthaceae

Androgra$his$aniculata gro&s erect to a height of (0G110 cm in moist#

shady $laces! +he slender stem is dar% green# sMuared in cross)section &ith

longitudinal furro&s and &ings along the angles! +he lance)sha$ed leaves have

hairless blades measuring u$ to centimeters long by 2!" &ide! +he small

'o&ers are borne in s$reading racemes! +he fruit is a ca$sule around 2

centimeters long and a fe& millimeters &ide! 9t contains many yello&)bro&n

seeds!

Androgra$his $aniculata


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Botanical name: Acaly$ha indica

English name: 9ndian acaly$ha# 9ndian nettle#

Vernacular name: elavemu

Family: Eu$horbiaceae

Annual herbs# to -0 cm tallJ stem striate# $ubescent! eaves 1!2)-!" , 1)

(! cm# broadly ovate# base rounded to shortly attenuate# margin crenate)

serrate# a$e, acute or obtuse# basally ")nervedJ $etiole 1!")"!" cm long! $i%es

a,illary# 2!")-!2 cm long# monoecious# rachis ending in a triradiate hood at the

ti$!ale 'o&ers above# ebracteate# minute# clusteredJ anthers vermiculiform!

Female 'o&ers belo& subtended by foliaceous# ()* mm long# suborbicular)

cuneiform# many)nerved# toothed bractsJ ovary his$id# ()lobedJ styles (# each 2).d! Ca$sules ()valved# concealed by bract# his$id!

Acaly$ha indica

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Botanical name: ida acuta

English name: ;orn bean leaved sida

Vernacular name: uttava$ulagamu

Family: alvaceae

+errestrial# $erennial# erect shrub# u$ to 1"0 cm tall!+a$roots &hite or

bro&n! tems rounded# solid# glabrous or stellate)hairy! ti$ules $resent#

triangular# triangular# glabrous! eaves sim$le# not lobed or divided# alternate

s$iral# linear to lanceolate# stal%ed# more than 2 cm longN&ide# margin coarsely

dentate# a$e, acute# base acute or rounded# 6stellately8 hairy# $innately veined!

Flo&ers bise,ual# solitary or sometimes in cro&ded heads# a,illary# $etals "#

yello& to orange! Fruit a ca$sule# s$litting into O10 nutlets 6mericar$s8!

ida acuta

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Botanical name: Boerhavia diLusa

English name: ;og &eed# ;orse ?urslane

Vernacular name: Ata%amamidi# ?unar)nava

Family: yctaginaceae

;erbs &ith long trailing branchesJ stem reddish# tomentose! eaves

uneMual# ovate# obtuse# undulate along margins# truncate to subcordate at base#

tomentoseJ $etiole to 1 cm long! Flo&ers 4 mm long# 4)10 together# in a,illary or

terminal# $eduncled umbelsJ bracts "# ovate# glandular# $erianth $in%# stamens

(# ca$sule ( , 1 mm# clavate# ")ribbed# glandular!

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Boerhavia diLusa

Botanical name: Crotalaria verrucosa

English name: Blue'o&er3attle$odJ 3attle$od# Blue'o&e

Vernacular name: helegherinta

Family: Fabaceae

;erbs# erect# "0)100 cm tall! Branches 4)angled# glabrescent! ti$ules

lea'i%e# ovate)falcate# ") mm! eaves sim$leJ $etiole ()" mmJ leaf blade ovate

to elli$tic# 10)1" P ()" cm# thinly membranous# aba,ially densely $ubescent#

ada,iallyglabrous# base broadly cuneate# a$e, acuminate! 3acemes terminal# 10)

20)'o&eredJ bracts linear# ca! 1 mm! ?edicel ()4 mmJ bracteoles inserteda$ically from middle of $edicel! Caly, subcam$anulate# )10 mm# ")lobedJ lobes

lanceolate# slightly longer than tube! Corolla $ale yello &hite# or often tinged

blueJ standard orbicular to obovate# 1)1! cm# base &ith 2 a$$endagesJ &ings

oblong# 1)1!- cmJ %eel Q as long as &ings# e,serted beyond caly,# rounded &ith

an incurved# fairly shortly t&isted bea%! @vary subsessile# $ilose on a$ical

$art!egume oblong# 2)4 cm# 10)12)seeded# $ubescent! eeds nearly smooth to

$a$illose# shiny

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Crotalaria verrucosa

Botanical name: 9$omoea se$iaria

English name: 9$omoea# ?ur$le ;eart lory

Vernacular name: +oinuatali

Family: Convolvulaceae

?ur$le ;eart lory is a slender vine# ()" m long# commonly seen on

bushes! Alternately arranged ovate)heart)sha$ed leaves have $ur$le botches in

the centre! I$$er leaves are sometimes sagittate or hastate# 2)- R 2)" cm#smooth# base dee$ly heart)sha$ed or arro&)sha$ed# margin entire or minutely

&avy! hite to $in%)$ur$le funnel sha$ed 'o&ers occur in stal%ed cymes! Flo&ers

are 2!")4 cm long# &ith a narro& tube 'aring o$en into a 'at 'o&er and have a

dar% $ur$le throat! tamens do not $rotrude out! Flo&ers o$en after sunrise and

close before noon! +he $lant is found on sea coasts and on saline soil!+he root of

?ur$le ;eart lory is used to cure the s&elling in the &hole body due to vi$er

bite!

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tender and edible! eeds and $ith a$$ear &hite in unri$e fruitsJ they are not

intensely bitter and can be removed before coo%ing!

As the fruit ri$ens# the 'esh 6rind8 becomes tougher# more bitter# and too

distasteful to eat! @n the other hand# the $ith becomes s&eet and intensely redJit can be eaten uncoo%ed in this state# and is a $o$ular ingredient in some

outheast Asian salads!

hen the fruit is fully ri$e# it turns orange and mushy# and s$lits into segments

&hich curl bac% dramatically to e,$ose seeds covered in bright red $ul$!

omordica charantia

Botanical name: Vernonia cinerea

English name: Blue Fleabane# 9n'ammation BushJ trongman)Bush# +ro$ical

Fleabane

Vernacular name: ahadevi

Family name: Asteraceae

Vernoniacinerea is a member of the Asteraceae family! 9t is an erect#

slender# rarely branching annual herb that gro&s u$ to ( cm tall! +he stems are

ribbed# .nely $ilose and glandular! +he leaves are alternate# lo&er ones being

$erioled &hile the u$$er ones are reduced and sessile# oval or broadest about or

above the middle and ta$ering to each end# shallo&ly toothed! +hey measure

bet&een 2)- cm longJ more or less densely and .nely hairy! +he heads are small#

$edunculed# in o$en# loose corymbs# about * mm long# and 2!" mm in diameter!

+he 'o&ers are all tubular# rahterbrigh $ur$le# $in%# or &hite# about 20 in each

head# t&ice as long as the involucral bracts! +he $a$$us bristles &hile# dentate#

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measuring ()" mm long! +he achenes are rounded# nearly ribless and measure

about 1!" mm long!

Vernonia cinerea

Botanical name :?arthenium hystero$horus

English name: Carrot rass# Congress rass# anta maria fever fe Congree

rass

Vernacular name: alla $uli

Family: Asteraceae

Carrot rass is native to the subtro$ics of orth and outh America! 9t is a

fast)maturing annual 6or# under certain conditions# a short)lived $erennial8 &ith a

dee$ ta$ root and an erect stem that becomes &oody &ith age! 9t may

eventually reach a height of 2 m! 9ts leaves are $ale green# branched and

covered &ith soft .ne hairs! +he small &hite 'o&ers 64 mm across8 have .ve

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distinct corners and gro& on the stem ti$s! Each 'o&er $roduces 4)" blac%

&edgesha$ed seeds that are 2 mm long &ith thin &hite scales! 9t is considered a

highly invasive &eed! 9ts large and $ersistent soil seedban%# fast germination

rate and ability to undergo dormancy ma%e it &ell ada$ted to semi)arid

environments! 9t also releases chemicals that inhibit the germination and gro&th

of $asture grasses and other $lants!

?arthenium hystero$horus

Botanical name: 5igeramuricata

English name: False Amaranth

Vernacular name: Chenchali%oora


Annual herb# gro&ing to 20)*0 cm tall! 9t can be seen gro&ing &ild in

&aste areas! tems are sim$le or branched from the base# nearly hairless!

Alternately arranged leaves# 1) cm long and 0!2)" cm broad# are narro&ly linear

to broadly ovate! eaf stal%s are long# u$ to " cm# base is narro&ed# and the ti$

$ointed! Flo&ers are borne on slender s$i%e)li%e racemes# &hich can be as large

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as (0 cm long! +he racemes are on a stal% that can be u$ to 14 cm long! Flo&ers

are hairless# &hite mi,ed &ith $in% to carmine or red# usually becoming greenish)

&hite in fruit! Fruit subglobose# slightly com$ressed# 2)2!" mm# bluntly ribbed

along each side# surmounted by a thic% rim! 9n 9ndia# the young leaves and

shoots of False Amaranth are made into curries# or the entire $lant is boiled and

seasoned! Flo&ering: August)e$tember!

5igera muricata

Botanical name: Cassia occidentalis

English name: ogdad coLee# negro)coLee# senna coLee# te$hanie coLee

Vernacular name: +hangedu

Family: alvaceae

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An erect# foetid# annual herb or under shrub# -0)1"0 cms!in height found

throughout in 9ndia u$to an altitude of 1"00 m! eaves# 1")20 cms! long#

lanceolate or ovate)lanceolate# lea'ets ( $airs# membranous# glaucous# ovate or

lanceolate 6?late "!1 99 d8J 'o&ers yello in short racemes6?late "!1 98J $ods

recurved# glabrous# com$ressed 10)1( cms R 0! cm!6?late "!1 99 a8J seeds dar%

olive green# ovoid# com$ressed - mm! R 4 mm!6?late "!1 99 b8# hard and smooth!

Cassia occidentalis

Botanical name: Abutilon indicum

English name: 9ndian allo&

Vernacular name: Atibala

Family: alvaceae

Erect velvety)$ubescent shrub &ith circular)ovate or heart)sha$ed leaves&ith coarsely crenate)serrate margins! +he $lant can reach u$ to 1)2 m! +he

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leaves are alternately arranged# and have long stal%s and have velvety# soft# $ale

hairs on them! @range)yello& 'o&ers# 2)( cm across# occur solitary in a,ils# on

long stal%s# 4)* cm! @range)yello& $etals are triangular)obovate# 1 cm long or

slightly more# staminal)tube hairy &ith stellate hairs! Fruit is Muite interesting ) it

is circular in sha$e# consisting of 11)20 radiating hairy car$els# bro&n &hen dryJ

each car$el 'attened# some&hat boatsha$ed! eeds are %idney)sha$ed! +he

$lant is a &eed commonly found on disturbed land! Flo&ering: e$tember)A$ril!

Abutilon indicum

Botanical name: Coccinia indica

English name: carlet)fruited gourd# tindora# %ovai fruit

Vernacular name : Bimbi%aya

Family: Cucurbitaceae

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9t is an annual cree$er &hich is found s$reading on ground and t&illing

around the trees and su$$orts around it! +he stem is $entagonal in sha$e!

eaves are triangular or $entagonal in sha$eJ it is dentate and has a length of 2

to " inch and breath of 2 inch! Flo&ers are monocieus and are bid in sie! +hey

are $laced in bunches having about 2 to 4 'o&ers! +hese are of &hite color! Fruit

id slimy in touch# $ul$y and is barrel sha$ed! 9t is 1 to 2 inch in length! it is green

in color &hen it is ra& form &hich turns to scarlet red color &hen it ri$es! 9t also

$ossesses about ten &hite stri$es on its $osterior $ortion! +his fruit $osses

numerous seeds inside! 9ts roots are long and resemble tuberous roots!

Coccinia indica

Botanical name: Eu$horbia thymifolia

English name: Asthma $lant# ?ill)bearing $urge! +hyme)leaf s$urge# Chic%en

&eed

Vernacular name: Vana $aala

Family name: Eu$horbiaceae

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9t is a monocious# $rostate# annual herb &ith branches u$ to 2" cm long#

&ith numerous adventitious roots! +he stems are &ith &hite late,! +he leaves are

o$$osite# distichous# sim$leJ blade ovate# measures u$ to mm , 4 mmJ sti$ules

linear 1 mm long# dee$ly 2)( toothed! +he base uneMual# one side cuneate the

other side rounded# a$e, rounded# margins shallo&ly toothed# glabrous above

and s$arsely long)hairy beneath! +he $etioles are 0!"mm long! 9n'orescence is in

the form of terminal or a,illary cluster of 'o&ers called a cyathium# on short

leafy shootsJ cyathia almost sessile# measures 0!" mm , 0!" mm# &ith a funnel)

sha$ed involucre# lobes triangular# minute# margin hairy# glands 4# minute#

almost circular# red &ith very small red a$$endages# each involucre containing 1

female 'o&er surrounded by fe& male 'o&ers! +he 'o&ers are unise,ualJ male

'o&ers sessile# bracteoles hair)li%e# $erianth absent# stamen 1 mm longJ female

'o&ers almost sessile# $erianth a rim# ovary su$erior# glabrous# ()celled# styles (#

minute# 2).d! +he fruit an acutely ()lobed# almost sessile ca$sule 1mm , 1mm

base truncate# short)hairy! ( seeded! +he seeds are conical# measure 0!"mm in

diameter# acutely 4)angled# shallo&ly transversely &rin%led# reddish bro&n

&ithout caruncle!

Eu$horbia thymifolia

Botanical name: Kusticia americana

English name: American ater)illo&

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Family: Acanthaceae

+he $lant gro&s $artially submerged in still or 'o&ing &ater# reaching u$

to 40 cm 61 ft! 4 in!8 tall from a cree$ing rhiome! +he leaves are 10 cm 64 in!8#

o$$osite# sessile# linear or lanceolate# and slightly crenulated! +he 'o&ers are

bicolored# born in o$$osite arrangement on s$i%es ( cm 61 in!8 long coming oL a

$eduncle 10 cm 64 in!8 long! Color ranges from &hite to $ale lavender &ith the

u$$er corolla li$ $ale violet or &hite# arching over the lo&er li$ mottled in dar%

$ur$le! +he lateral lobes are unadorned or slightly blushed! +he anthers are

$ur$lish)red rather than the usual yello&! Flo&ering is from ay to @ctober! +he

fruit of this $lant is a small bro&n ca$sule!

Kusticia americana

Botanical name: +ribulus terrestris

English name: CatSs head

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Vernacular name: Burrago%haru

Family: Tygo$hyllaceae

+ribulusterrestris is a ta$rooted herbaceous $erennial $lant that gro&s as a

summer annual in colder climates! +he stems radiate from the cro&n to adiameter of about 10 cm to over 1 m# often branching! +hey are usually

$rostrate# forming 'at $atches# though they may gro& more u$&ards in shade or

among taller $lants! +he leaves are $innately com$ound &ith lea'ets less than -

mm 6a Muarter)inch8 long! +he 'o&ers are 4G10 mm &ide# &ith .ve lemon)yello&

$etals! A &ee% after each 'o&er blooms# it is follo&ed by a fruit that easily falls

a$art into four or .ve single)seeded nutlets! +he nutlets or


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Botanical name: Ecbolium viridi

English name: hrim$ $lant#+urMuoise crossandra

Vernacular name: a%%a to%a

Family: Acanthaceae

A small shrub &ith erect branches!eaves large# 11!")1" cm# oblong)oval

or lanceolate# ta$ering to base!Flo&ers large# sessile# in o$$osite $airs# s$i%es

nearly sessile# ")2" cm longJ corolla tube (! cm# slightly dilated and laterally

com$ressed at throat!&ith an unusual 'o&er color of aMuamarine! 9t is a rare and

tender $erennial &ith long# $ointed# dar% green leaves Ubracted s$i%es of s$urred# orchid)li%e 'o&ers!

Ecbolium viridi

Botanical name: 3hynchosia minima

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English name: least snout)bean# burn)mouth)vine

Vernacular name: addi che%%udu

Family: Fabaceae

+his $erennial herb has t&ining or trailing stems &hich can reach 1!2

meters in length! +he leaves are made u$ of three lea'ets measuring u$ to ( to

(!" centimeters long! +he in'orescence is a raceme of u$ to 1" 'o&ers! +he

'o&ers are yello& &ith $ur$le or bro&n veining and measure u$ to millimeters

long! +he fruit is one or t&o centimeters long!

3hynchosia minima

Botanical name: idacordata

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English name: ong)stal% ida# ;eart)eaf ida# Country)mallo 'annel&eed#

;eartleaf Fan$etals

Vernacular name: Benda# gaya$a%u

Family: alvaceae 6allo& family8

ative to 9ndia# ;eart)eaf ida is is a &eed that gro&s &ild in &astelands

and along roadsides! +hey are found throughout the tro$ical and ub)tro$ical

$lains all over 9ndia and rilan%a! +he herb gro&s to (0)0 cm! +he $lant though

seasonal# is available throughout the year# and is es$ecially lu,uriant during the

months of @ctober to 5ecember! +he leaves# 1)"!" cm long# are heart sha$ed#

one at each node! +he 'o&ers# *) mm across# are $roduced at the leaf a,ils#

and are yello& in colour! +he $lant can be easily recognied &ith the above

characteristics# and the entire $lant is used in ma%ing medicine!

ida cordata

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Botanical name: ?u$alia la$$acea

English name: Forest Burr# Cree$ing Coc%Ss Com

Vernacular name: Errautthareni# thellautthareni# yerrichithramoolam


A $erennial herb# erect or $rostrate and s$ra&ling# -0)0 cm tall! Branches

and leaves o$$osite# variously hairy! eaves variable in sha$e and sie# from

narro&ly ovate)elli$tic to oblong or orbicular# 2)12 , 1)- cm# acuminate to

a$iculate at the ti$# shortly or more longly &edge)sha$ed at the base# narro&ed

to a stal% 2)2" mm long! Flo&er)s$i%es are at the end of the stem and branches#

at .rst dense# elongating to as much as "0 cm in fruit! 9n'orescences greyish)

&hite# in racemes# the clusters alternate and &ell)s$aced!herma$hrodite 'o&ers

mostly in Q sessile clusters of (# u$$er often solitaryJ bracteoles of

herma$hrodite 'o&ers broadly cordate)ovate# 2!*")" mm# cons$icuous# shar$ly

mucronate &ith the $ercurrent midrib! +e$als oblong# (!")- mm# glabrous to Q

$ilose dorsally# ()nerved# the lateral nerves of the 2 outer te$als strong

throughout# 7oining the shortly e,current midrib 7ust belo& the a$e,! $ines of

modi.ed 'o&ers glabrous e,ce$t sometimes near the base# yello&ish to $ur$le#

()4 mmJ ()'o&ered clusters falling together to form a burrW u$ to 2!" cm indiameter! Filaments 2)( mm! tyle slender# 1!2" 2 mm! +he 'uLy fruits are balled

and used to .lter mil% etc!

?u$alia la$$acea

(0


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Botanical name: Achyranthes as$era

English name: ?ric%ly chaL 'o&er#devilSs horse&hi$

vernacular name: AntishaJ A$amargamuJ Ittaraene

family: Amaranthaceae

or$hology of the androecium# $erianth 6te$als8# and the in'orescence

has traditionally been used to circumscribe genera and tribes! ?seudostaminodia

are interstaminal a$$endages &ith variously sha$ed a$ices! Filament

a$$endages are the lateral a$$endages of .laments 6one on each side8 ! +he

basic structure of the in'orescence is the cyme 6branchlets arising from the

bracteole a,ils# the bracteoles serving as bracts for u$$er 'o&ers8# &hich can be

reduced to one 'o&er &ith t&o bracteoles and a bract! Inits of dis$ersal vary

considerably 6ca$sules o$ening &ith lo&er $art $ersistent# 'o&er and bracteoles

falling together# or cymose $artial in'orescences brea%ing oL above bract8 and

can be characteristic for genera! everal genera $ossess long trichomes serving

dis$ersal at the base of the te$als!X1D

Achyranthes as$era

(1


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Botanical name: 5i$teracanthus $rostrates

English name: Bell eed

Vernacular name: ilavembu

Family: Acanthaceae

5iLuse herbs# rooting at lo&er nodesJ stems villous! eaves to - , 4 cm#

ovate# acute# entire# base acute of obtuseJ $etiole 2)( cm long! Flo&ers a,illary#

2 or ( togetherJ bracts absentJ bracteoles foliar# 1!" , 1 cm# ovateJ caly, ")$artite# lobes 10 mm long# linear# ciliateJ corolla yello tube mm long# lobes

subeMual# 1 cm long# obovateJ stamens 4# didynamous# .laments connate belo&J

ovary 2)celled# style densely hairy! Ca$sule 1!" , 0!- cm# linear oblongJ seeds "

in each cell# orbicular# com$ressed# marginate# smooth!

5i$teracanthus $rostratus

(2


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Botanical name: antana camara

English name: largeleaf lantana# common lantana# %amara lantana

Vernacular name: ?uli%am$a

Family: Verbenaceae#

Common lantana is a rugged evergreen shrub from the tro$ics! +he

s$ecies &ill gro& to - ft 61! m8 high and may s$read to ft 62!4 m8 in &idth &ith

some varieties able to clamber vineli%e u$ su$$orts to greater heights &ith the

hel$ of su$$ort! +he leaves are 2)" in 6")12!* cm8 long by 1)2 in 62!")" cm8 &ide

&ith rounded tooth edges and a te,tured surface! tems and leaves are covered

&ith rough hairs and emit an un$leasant aroma &hen crushed 6smells li%e cat

$ee8! +he small 'o&ers are held in clusters 6called umbels8 that are ty$ically 1)2

in 62!")"!1 cm8 across! 9n the tro$ics lantana is a non)sto$ bloomer! here it is

%illed to the ground by frost the lantana blooms in summer and fall! Flo&er color

ranges from &hite to yello orange to red# $in% to rose in unlimited

combinations# in addition the 'o&ers usually change in color as they age! A

lantana may loo% orange from a distance but the 'o&erhead is e,amined at

close range it consists of individual &hite# yello& and red 'o&ers that blend

&hen vie&ed from afar

antana camara

((


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Botanical name: ud&igia $erennis

English name: Cree$ing ater ?rimrose# illo& ?rimrose

Family: @nagraceae

Erect herbs! eaves 2)- , 0!")1" cm# elli$tic)lanceolate# base attenuate#

a$e, acute to acuminate# glabrous!Flo&ers sessile# 4)merous! Caly, tube adnate

to ovaryJ lobes 4# c! 2 mm long# ovate acuminate! ?etals 4)" mm long# elli$tic#

yello&!tamens 4J .laments short! @vary 1)1!" cm long# linear# 4)celled# 4)

angled! @vules many! Ca$sule 1)2 cm long# linear# subterete# 4)ribbed! eeds

elli$soid!

ud&igia $erennis

(4


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Botanical name: Cardios$ermum halicacabum

English name: Balloon $lant or love in a $uf

Vernacular name: Budda%a%ara

Family: a$indaceae

Balloon Vine is a &oody $erennial vine distributed almost globally in the

tro$ics! 9t is a fast gro&ing vine u$ to 10 feet! eaves are trifoliate# u$ to 4 inches

long# &ith highly lobed lea'ets! +he $lant climb &ith tendrils and needs some

form of su$$ort! +he small &hite 'o&ers bloom from summer through fall#

'o&ers are not very sho&y! +he fruit is more interesting# from &hich the $lant

gets its common name! 9t is a bro&n# thin)shelled# in'ated angled ca$sule u$ to (

cm across# containing ( blac% seeds each# &ith a &hite heart)sha$ed scar!

Cardios$ermum halicacabum

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Botanical name: Cleome viscosa

English name: tic%y cleome# 5og mustard# Yello& $ider Flo&er# ild mustard

Vernacular name: vasabarbara

Family: Cleomaceae

Erect $rofusely branched &oody annual herbs! +he &hole $lant viscous

&ith stal%ed glandular hairs! eaves ()"6)*8)foliolateJ lea'ets subsessile# 0!-)(!" ,

0!()2 cm# elli$tic)oblong or obovate to s$athulate# base cuneate# margins ciliate#

a$e, obtuse# membranous# glandular $ubescentJ $etiole u$ to " cm long!

3acemes terminal# la,# fe&)'o&ered# corymbiform! Flo&ers 1)1!" cm acrossJ

$edicels to 1 cm long# elongate during fruiting! e$als 4# 4) , 2)( mm#

lanceolate# a$e, acute# glandular hairy &ithout! ?etals 4# yello -)12 , ()" mm#

obovate to oblong)s$athulate# a$e, rounded! tamens 12)1J .laments -) mm

long# broadened at ti$J anthers linear! @vary sessile# ")* mm long# oblong)

cylindric# glandular)hairyJ stigma c$itate! Ca$sules ")-!" , 0!()0!" cm# linear)

oblong# terete# striate# densely glandular hairy! eeds many# 1)1!" mm across#

reniform# transversely ridged!

Cleome viscosa

flora of malkapuram

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