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Flexible organic light-emitting diodeFrom Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Demonstration of a flexible OLED device

Demonstration of a battery-driven flexible OLED lamp fromMerck KGaA

Demonstration of a 4.1" prototype flexible display from Sony

A flexible organic light emitting diode (FOLED) is a type oforganic light-emitting diode(OLED)

incorporating a flexible plasticsubstrateon which theelectroluminescentorganic semiconductoris

deposited. This enables the device to be bent or rolled while still operating. Currently the focus of research

in industrial and academic groups, flexible OLEDs form one method of fabricating arollable display.

Contents

[hide]

1 Technical Details and Applications

2 Disadvantages

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3 See also

4 References

[edit]Technical Details and Applications

See also:Organic LED: Working principle

See also:List of OLED Advantages

An OLED emits light due to theelectroluminescenceof thin films oforganic semiconductorsapproximately

100 nm thick. Regular OLEDs are usually fabricated on a glasssubstrate, but by replacing glass with a

flexible plastic such aspolyethylene terephthalate(PET)[1]

among others,[2]

OLEDs can be made both

bendable and lightweight.

Such materials may not be suitable for comparable devices based oninorganicsemiconductorsdue to the

need forlattice matchingand the high temperature fabrication procedure involved.[3]

In contrast, flexible OLED devices can be fabricated by deposition of the organic layer onto the substrate

using a method derived frominkjetprinting,[4][5]

allowing the inexpensive and roll-to-roll fabrication ofprinted

electronics.

Flexible OLEDs may be used in the production ofrollable displays,electronic paper, or bendable displays

which can be integrated into clothing, wallpaper or other curved surfaces .[6][7][8]

Prototype displays have

been exhibited by companies such asSony, which are capable of being rolled around the width of a

pencil.[9]

[edit]Disadvantages

See also:List of OLED Disadvantages

Both the flexible substrate itself as well as the process of bending the device introducestressinto the

materials. There may be residual stress from the deposition of layers onto a f lexible substrate,[10]

, thermal

stresses due to the different coefficient ofthermal expansionof materials in the device,[11]

in addition to the

external stress from the bending of the device.[12]

Stress introduced into the organic layers may lower the efficiency or brightness of the device as it is

deformed, or cause complete breakdown of the device altogether. Indium tin oxide(ITO), the material most

commonly used as the transparentanode, is brittle. Fracture of the anode can occur which can increase

thesheet resistanceof the ITO or disrupt the layered structure of the OLED.[13]

Although ITO is the most

common and best understood anode material used in OLEDs, research has been undertaken into

alternative materials that are better suited for flexible applications includingcarbon nanotubes.[14][15]

Encapsulationis another challenge for flexible OLED devices. While the common method of encapsulation

for regular OLEDs is to seal the organic layer between glass, this is inappropriate for flexible OLEDs. The

materials in an OLED are sensitive to air and moisture which lead to degradationof the materials

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themselves as well asquenchingof excited states within the molecule. Flexible encapsulation methods are

generally not as effective a barrier to air and moisture as glass, and current research aims to improve the

encapsulation of flexible organic light emitting diodes.[16][17]

[edit]See also

Active-matrix OLED

Flexible electronics

Organic light-emitting diode

Phosphorescent organic light-emitting diode

Rollable display

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