first lab [compatibility mode]

8/14/2019 First Lab [Compatibility Mode]

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DR. AHMED ADEL

DR. AMR OSMAN HABIB

DR. MAHMOUD SALAH


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o matter why you are taking generalchemistry, this course is designed to meet

the following objectives:

Introduce you to the language that

-

language that has been adopted by professionals

in such diverse fields as political science and

astronomy.


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Introduce you to concepts

and skills those are needed inlater courses in your major.

Help you improve problem-

solving skills that can betransferred to your profession or to

life in general.


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Introduction to QualitativeAnalysis1

1,2, and 3 ions)

Basic Radicals (Groups

1,2, and 3 ions)

3

Basic Radicals (Groups

4,5, and 6 ions)

4


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Identification of CompleteSalt

5

Revision for Identification ofComplete Salt

6

Intro uct on to Quant tat veAnalysis

7

Acid-Base Titration8Total Alkalinity By Ph.Ph. &

M.O.

9


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Total Alkalinity ByBromocresol

10

Total Hardness11Oxidation Reduction Reactions12

Precipitation Reactions13

Petroleum Experiments 114

Petroleum Experiments 215


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Develop basic Chemistry lab skills,

an acqu re a t oroug tra n ng onexperimental techniques, in both

qualitative and quantitative chemicaldeterminations.


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Stress the quantitative aspects of theChemistry lab. Master the techniques of

basic chemical measurements.

Learn how to assess the recision of a

measurement, and thus report a givenmeasurement to the right degree of

precision.


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Learn how to establish the link between theory and experiment. Study

basic calculation techniques for thetreatment of chemical data, and learn

ow o raw conc us ons an repor naresults.


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Pipet filler

There are several

styles of fillers used to

draw liquids into a

pipet.

Never draw a liquid into

a pipet with your

mouth .

Pipette

For exact volume

measurements of

liquids .

Erlenmeyer flask

Used to contain

reaction solutions .

Filter flask

Used in conjunction

with a vacuum

connection to a

water faucet to

speed up filtration .


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Test tube holder

To hold test tubeswhile heating .

Test Tube

Beaker

Used to contain chemical

reactions

Filter funnel

When lined with filter paper,

used to filter suspended solids from a liquid .


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Please read carefully the safety

regulations and emergency

procedures, set by the instructor.


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Discipline:

It should be strict and rigorous. The

lab is a serious work place and couldbe dangerous if not properly used.

s e av or w re ect automat ca yon your evaluation.


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Absences:Students are expected to attend all

laboratory sessions and perform all

experiments. Under very specialcircumstances, a make-up experiment could

e perm e . u en s w o m ss more anone lab session should automatically

withdraw from the course.


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Your final grade will be

determined from a wei hted

average of the followingevaluation tools using the same

grading scale as in the lecture.


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80% laboratory report and LabExam.

10% quizzes (will be announceone week in advance).

10% subjective evaluation ofyour performance and

Participation


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Pre-Laboratory Assignments are to be

completed before coming to the

laboratory.

1.

Record data directl on the laborator2.

data sheets in ink. Data is not to berecorded on scratch paper. A single line

should be drawn through an erroneousentry and the corrected number entered

above.


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Reagent bottles are not to be taken to

your desk.

3.

Do not take more reagent than required;4.

disposal is also costly as well as

wasteful.


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Never return excess liquid or solid reagents

to the reagent bottles. Share them or

dispose of them as directed by your

instructor. Certain chemicals must bedisposed of in designated containers.

Others may be flushed down the drain with

5.

water, when so instructed.Your work area as well as the areas around

the balances and reagent bottles should be

kept clean at all times. Spills should becleaned up immediately and reported to the

instructor.

6.


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Avoid contamination of reagent bottles;

do not interchange stoppers or droppers

from different bottles; use clean, dryspatulas.

7.

Distilled water should be used inexperiments unless otherwise

instructed.

8.


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Do not lock community or sharedequipment in your desk. It should

be cleaned and returned back when

the experiment is completed.

9.

,

be certain that his/her work area is

clean, water and gas have been

turned off,

.


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Chemical Analysis

Qualitative Analysis Quantitative Analysis


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QualitativeAnalysis

s a ser es o c em ca reac onswhich carried out for the different

types of chemical compounds to

determine the main components ofthe compound


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QualitativeAnalysis

Analysis of

organic

compounds

Analysis of

inorganic

compounds


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Analysis oforganic

compounds

To investigate the characteristicfunctional groups such as (COOH),

(OH-), (NH2

), and so on.


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Analysis ofinorganic

compounds

To identify the anions and cationsfrom which the inorganic salt

consists.


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QuantitativeAnalysis

which we can evaluate the

percentages of each element or

ion in the compound by weight

or by volume.


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Quantitative Analysis

Gravimetric

analysis

Volumetric

analysis


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Gravimetricanalysis

In which the required element or ion

can be precipitated as sparinglysoluble compound which can be

separated by filtration, then dried and

wieghted.


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Volumetricanalysis

Serves in determination of the quantity of

,

i.e. solution concentration.

That is achieved by reaction of solution of

unknown concentration with anothersolution of known concentration (standard

solution)


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InIn ourour coursecourse wewe willwill useuse thethe qualitativequalitativeanalysisanalysis toto identifyidentify thethe SimpleSimple InorganicInorganic

SaltsSalts

AcidAcid BaseBase SaltSalt WaterWater++ ++

HClHCl aOHaOH aClaCl HH22OO++ ++


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HHClCl aaOHOH aaClCl HH22OO++ ++

AcidAcid

BaseBase


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ClCl--aa++

Basic RadicalBasic Radical

Acidic RadicalAcidic Radical


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Acidic Radicals:

Acidic Radicals are grouped into three

groups depending on the reaction occurs

between the ion of the salt with a reagent

characteristic to this group.

(i.e.) Each group has its own reagent

which is characteristic for this group.


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We have two types of tests

1- Principal Test:

Which is the test identifying the group, itoccurs on the Solid salt and we seek for

Effervescence or Gas Evolution.

2- Confirmatory Test:

Which is the test inside the group to confirm

the presence of the ions, it occurs on the saltSolution and we seek for precipitation.


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ote:ote: First, we do ExperimentFirst, we do Experiment

Then, we see the Observation.Then, we see the Observation.

Finally, we get the Results.Finally, we get the Results.


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Group 1:Group 1:

Solid Salt + dil HClSolid Salt + dil HCl

Effervescence or Gas Evolution.

We have six acidic radicals in this groups


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CO3

-2 Carbonate

HCO3-1 Bicarbonate

S-2 Sulphide

SO3-2 Sulphite

O3-1 itrite

S2O3-2 Thiosulphate


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ResultResultObservationObservation CO2 from carbonateor bicarbonates

1. Effervesces with evolution

of colourless gas.

H2S from sulphide.2. Colourless gas characteristicby odour of rotten eggs.

2 ..

suffocating odour.

SO2 from

thiosulphste

4. The same gas as in 3 and

colloidal sulpher is deposited

with yellow ppt.

O2 from nitrite.5. Reddish brown fumes.


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ote that,

After we know the ion from theprinciple test, we must do the

confirmatory test for this ion.


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Confirmatory Test of Sulphide

Salt Soln + AgO3 gives Black ppt.

Salt Soln + (CH3COO)2Pb gives Black ppt.

Confirmatory Test of Sulphite Salt Soln + AgO3 gives White ppt.

Salt Soln + (CH3COO)2Pb givesWhite ppt.


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Confirmatory Test of Thiosulphate Salt Soln + AgO3 gives white ppt

turns to Black ppt.

Salt Soln + CH COO Pb ives

white ppt which turns Black ppt onboiling.

Confirmatory Test of itrite

Salt Soln + AgO3 gives white ppt.


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To differentiate betweenTo differentiate between

Carbonates and BicarbonatesCarbonates and Bicarbonates

All HCO3-1 are soluble in water

hereas all CO -2 are insoluble in

water except (ammonium, Sodiumand Potassium) carbonates


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Solid + WaterSolid + Water

HCOHCO33--11 or COor CO33

--22 (H(H44++, a, a++, K, K++))

COCO33--22


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SolnSoln + MgSO+ MgSO44

COCO33

--22White pptWhite ppt

o ppto ppt HCOHCO33--11

ame: Section:


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ame: Section:

Bench umber: Program: Date: /10/2009

ResultObservationExperiment1) Solid + Dil.HCL

A) Physical Properties:

Solubility: Crystallinity: Colour:

B) Chemical Properties:

2) Solid + Conc.H2SO4

3) Soln. + BaCL2

4) Soln. + AgO3

5) Soln. +......

6) Soln. +......

The Acidic Radical is ( )


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identification of the three groupsof Acidic Radical.

The project can be deliveredusing word or powerpoint.


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an s or yourAttention

first lab [compatibility mode]

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