first appeared in northeastern africa around 10,000 bc. first named in england at the end of the 15...
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• First appeared in Northeastern Africa around 10,000 BC.
• First named in England at the end of the 15th century to distinguish from syphilis
• Before 1967 25 lakh people died a year due to smallpox
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• Causes viral infections• Disease of the skin
tissue• Infects many internal
organs– First infects Lymph
nodes, and respiratory tract
– Transferred through blood stream
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• Caused by pox virus, also known as variola virus
• Brick shaped cells• Two forms
– Variola Major (>20%)
– Variola Minor (<1 %)
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• High Fever usually 101- 104 degrees
• Head and body aches with occasional vomiting
• Rash forms on body starting on tongue and then to the mouth
• Raised bumps that are puss filled and blistered
• Survivors are left with permanent scars
Bumps first form orally
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• Incubation period- 7-17 days; not contagious• Initial symptoms- 2-4 days; sometimes
contagious• Early rash- about 4 days; most contagious• Pustular rash- about 5 days; contagious• Pustules and scabs- about 5 days; contagious• Resolving scabs- about 6 days; contagious• Scabs resolved- not contagious
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• There is no treatment for smallpox • There is a vaccine that can be given
– Not given with a needle– Bifurcated needle (two pronged) dipped in vaccine
solution– Made from a virus called vaccinia which is a virus
related to smallpox– Prick skin on upper arm many times (enough to draw
1 or 2 drops of blood)– This can last 3-5 years– Effective 95% of the time
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of the Vaccine• Mild reactions include
sore arm, fever, and body aches
• Some people experience serious to life threatening side effects
• Side effects– Scar where the
vaccine was given– Rash– Fever– Head ache– Body ache
Days 4-21 after smallpox vaccination
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People who should not get the Vaccine
• Pregnant women
• HIV positive people
• People with weakened immune systems or that are taking med. that suppress the immune systems
• People receiving treatment for cancer
• Children under 12 months
• People who have received a transplant
• And many others
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• Considered “ the most terrible of all the ministers of Death”
• Last natural death due to smallpox was in the case of Ali Maow Maalin, a cook in Somalia, Africa in October 1977
• The last person to die of smallpox was Janet Parker, a British medical Photographer, following a leak in the laboratory in 1978
• On Dec 9th 1979 the World Health Organization declared smallpox as officially eradicated, the world over
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Center of Disease Control,Smallpox Disease. (January 2003). Questions and answeres. Retrieved April 15, 2003,
from http://www.bt.cdc.gov/agent/smallpx/vaccination/facts.asp
Center of Disease Control. The Smallpox Story and the smallpox vaccine.(April 10, 2003). Retrieved April 15, 2003, from
http://stanford.edu/group/virus/pox/history.html
Center of Disease Control. Vaccine Overview. (March 31, 2003). Retrieved
from http://www.bt.cdc.gov/agent/smalpox/vaccination/vaccination
Medi Dates. Smallpox and figures. ( no date). Retrieved April 21, 2003 fromhttp://www.manbir-online.com/htm3/new.38.htm.